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<!DOCTYPE html>
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<title>Python量化交易平台开发教程系列8-顶层GUI界面开发（2） - vn.py</title>
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<meta property="og:description" content="原创文章，转载请注明出处：用Python的交易员 前言 接上一篇，主要分为两块：展示动态语言特性简化GUI开发的组件以及功能调用组件。 动态语言的方便之处 ######################################################################## class AccountMonitor(QtGui.QTableWidget): """用于显示账户""" signal = QtCore.pyqtSignal(type(Event())) dictLabels = OrderedDict() dictLabels['AccountID'] = u'投资者账户' dictLabels['PreBalance'] = u'昨结' dictLabels['Withdraw'] = u'出金' dictLabels['Deposit'] = u'入金' dictLabels['FrozenCash'] = u'冻结资金' dictLabels['FrozenMargin'] = u'冻结保证金' dictLabels['FrozenCommission'] = u'冻结手续费' dictLabels['FrozenTransferFee ..."/>
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Python量化交易平台开发教程系列8-顶层GUI界面开发（2）
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<p>原创文章，转载请注明出处：用Python的交易员</p>
<h2>前言</h2>
<p>接上一篇，主要分为两块：展示动态语言特性简化GUI开发的组件以及功能调用组件。</p>
<h2>动态语言的方便之处</h2>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1">########################################################################</span>
<span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">AccountMonitor</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">QtGui</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">QTableWidget</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="sd">"""用于显示账户"""</span>
<span class="n">signal</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">QtCore</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">pyqtSignal</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">type</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Event</span><span class="p">()))</span>
<span class="n">dictLabels</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">OrderedDict</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="n">dictLabels</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'AccountID'</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">u'投资者账户'</span>
<span class="n">dictLabels</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'PreBalance'</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">u'昨结'</span>
<span class="n">dictLabels</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'Withdraw'</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">u'出金'</span>
<span class="n">dictLabels</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'Deposit'</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">u'入金'</span>
<span class="n">dictLabels</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'FrozenCash'</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">u'冻结资金'</span>
<span class="n">dictLabels</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'FrozenMargin'</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">u'冻结保证金'</span>
<span class="n">dictLabels</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'FrozenCommission'</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">u'冻结手续费'</span>
<span class="n">dictLabels</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'FrozenTransferFee'</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">u'冻结过户费'</span>
<span class="n">dictLabels</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'FrozenStampTax'</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">u'冻结印花税'</span>
<span class="n">dictLabels</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'Commission'</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">u'手续费'</span>
<span class="n">dictLabels</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'TransferFee'</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">u'过户费'</span>
<span class="n">dictLabels</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'StampTax'</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">u'印花税'</span>
<span class="n">dictLabels</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'CurrMargin'</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">u'当前保证金'</span>
<span class="n">dictLabels</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'Available'</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">u'可用资金'</span>
<span class="n">dictLabels</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'WithdrawQuota'</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">u'可取资金'</span>
<span class="c1">#----------------------------------------------------------------------</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">__init__</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">eventEngine</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">parent</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="bp">None</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="sd">"""Constructor"""</span>
<span class="nb">super</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">AccountMonitor</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">__init__</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">parent</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">__eventEngine</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">eventEngine</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">dictAccount</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">{}</span> <span class="c1"># 用来保存账户对应的单元格</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">initUi</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">registerEvent</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="c1">#----------------------------------------------------------------------</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">initUi</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="sd">""""""</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">setWindowTitle</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">u'账户'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">setColumnCount</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">dictLabels</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">setHorizontalHeaderLabels</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">dictLabels</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">values</span><span class="p">())</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">verticalHeader</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">setVisible</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">False</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c1"># 关闭左边的垂直表头</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">setEditTriggers</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">QtGui</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">QTableWidget</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">NoEditTriggers</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c1"># 设为不可编辑状态</span>
<span class="c1">#----------------------------------------------------------------------</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">registerEvent</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="sd">""""""</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">signal</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">connect</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">updateAccount</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">__eventEngine</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">register</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">EVENT_ACCOUNT</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">signal</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">emit</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="c1">#----------------------------------------------------------------------</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">updateAccount</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">event</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="sd">""""""</span>
<span class="n">data</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">event</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">dict_</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'data'</span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="n">accountid</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">data</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'AccountID'</span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="c1"># 如果之前已经收到过这个账户的数据, 则直接更新</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">accountid</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">dictAccount</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">d</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">dictAccount</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">accountid</span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">label</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">cell</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">d</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">items</span><span class="p">():</span>
<span class="n">cell</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">setText</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">data</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">label</span><span class="p">]))</span>
<span class="c1"># 否则插入新的一行，并更新</span>
<span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">insertRow</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">d</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">{}</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">col</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">label</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="nb">enumerate</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">dictLabels</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">keys</span><span class="p">()):</span>
<span class="n">cell</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">QtGui</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">QTableWidgetItem</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">data</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">label</span><span class="p">]))</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">setItem</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">col</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">cell</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">d</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">label</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">cell</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">dictAccount</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">accountid</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">d</span>
</pre></div>
<p>写过C++里Qt代码的人可能会有比较直观的感受，上面这段代码利用Python动态语言的特性偷了不少懒。</p>
<p>该账户监控组件AccountMonitor用于显示LTS账户相关的数据（可用资金、手续费、保证金等等）。在vn.lts的API封装中，通过onRspQryTradingAccount推送回来的账户数据已经被从C++结构体自动转换为了Python字典。</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1">########################################################################</span>
<span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">AccountMonitor</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">QtGui</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">QTableWidget</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="sd">"""用于显示账户"""</span>
<span class="n">signal</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">QtCore</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">pyqtSignal</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">type</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Event</span><span class="p">()))</span>
<span class="n">dictLabels</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">OrderedDict</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="n">dictLabels</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'AccountID'</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">u'投资者账户'</span>
<span class="n">dictLabels</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'PreBalance'</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">u'昨结'</span>
<span class="n">dictLabels</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'Withdraw'</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">u'出金'</span>
<span class="n">dictLabels</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'Deposit'</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">u'入金'</span>
<span class="n">dictLabels</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'FrozenCash'</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">u'冻结资金'</span>
<span class="n">dictLabels</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'FrozenMargin'</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">u'冻结保证金'</span>
<span class="n">dictLabels</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'FrozenCommission'</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">u'冻结手续费'</span>
<span class="n">dictLabels</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'FrozenTransferFee'</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">u'冻结过户费'</span>
<span class="n">dictLabels</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'FrozenStampTax'</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">u'冻结印花税'</span>
<span class="n">dictLabels</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'Commission'</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">u'手续费'</span>
<span class="n">dictLabels</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'TransferFee'</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">u'过户费'</span>
<span class="n">dictLabels</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'StampTax'</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">u'印花税'</span>
<span class="n">dictLabels</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'CurrMargin'</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">u'当前保证金'</span>
<span class="n">dictLabels</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'Available'</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">u'可用资金'</span>
<span class="n">dictLabels</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'WithdrawQuota'</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">u'可取资金'</span>
</pre></div>
<p>首先通过原生API的.h头文件查询该结构体包含的字段内容，并选择觉得有用、需要显示出来的字段，使用Python内置的排序字典类OrderedDict创建标签显示的配置dictLabels，按照我们希望显示的顺序（从左到右）逐条输入到该字典中。字典的键是该字段的英文名称，值是该字段对应的中文名称。</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span> <span class="c1">#----------------------------------------------------------------------</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">initUi</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="sd">""""""</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">setWindowTitle</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">u'账户'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">setColumnCount</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">dictLabels</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">setHorizontalHeaderLabels</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">dictLabels</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">values</span><span class="p">())</span>
</pre></div>
<p>下一步在初始化表格时，表头的列数可以直接取dictLabels的长度，表头的标签内容可以直接取dictLabels的值列表。</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span> <span class="c1">#----------------------------------------------------------------------</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">updateAccount</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">event</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="sd">""""""</span>
<span class="n">data</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">event</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">dict_</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'data'</span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="n">accountid</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">data</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'AccountID'</span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="c1"># 如果之前已经收到过这个账户的数据, 则直接更新</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">accountid</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">dictAccount</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">d</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">dictAccount</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">accountid</span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">label</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">cell</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">d</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">items</span><span class="p">():</span>
<span class="n">cell</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">setText</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">data</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">label</span><span class="p">]))</span>
<span class="c1"># 否则插入新的一行，并更新</span>
<span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">insertRow</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">d</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">{}</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">col</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">label</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="nb">enumerate</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">dictLabels</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">keys</span><span class="p">()):</span>
<span class="n">cell</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">QtGui</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">QTableWidgetItem</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">data</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">label</span><span class="p">]))</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">setItem</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">col</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">cell</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">d</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">label</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">cell</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">dictAccount</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">accountid</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">d</span>
</pre></div>
<p>在更新账户数据时，由于dictLabels中设置的需要显示的字段和收到的账户数据字典data中的键是一一对应的，我们可以直接对dictLabels中的键进行遍历读取data字典中对应的值，并更新到表格中。这段感觉比较难以用语言描述出来，直接读懂上面的代码可能更能明白其中的意思。</p>
<p>可以来比较下updateAccount函数的类C++的写法，也是作者在刚开始做GUI开发时使用的方法，现在回看起来真是繁琐。</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span> <span class="c1">#----------------------------------------------------------------------</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">updateAccount</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">event</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="sd">""""""</span>
<span class="n">data</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">event</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">dict_</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'data'</span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="n">accountid</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">data</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'AccountID'</span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="c1"># 如果之前已经收到过这个账户的数据, 则直接更新</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">accountid</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">dictAccount</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">d</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">dictAccount</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">accountid</span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="n">d</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'AccountID'</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">setText</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">data</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'AccountID'</span><span class="p">]))</span>
<span class="n">d</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'PreBalance'</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">setText</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">data</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'PreBalance'</span><span class="p">]))</span>
<span class="n">d</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'Deposit'</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">setText</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">data</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'Deposit'</span><span class="p">]))</span>
<span class="n">d</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'FrozenCash'</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">setText</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">data</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'FrozenCash'</span><span class="p">]))</span>
<span class="n">d</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'FrozenMargin'</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">setText</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">data</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'FrozenMargin'</span><span class="p">]))</span>
<span class="n">d</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'FrozenCommission'</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">setText</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">data</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'FrozenCommission'</span><span class="p">]))</span>
<span class="n">d</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'FrozenTransferFee'</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">setText</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">data</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'FrozenTransferFee'</span><span class="p">]))</span>
<span class="n">d</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'FrozenStampTax'</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">setText</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">data</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'FrozenStampTax'</span><span class="p">]))</span>
<span class="n">d</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'Commission'</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">setText</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">data</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'Commission'</span><span class="p">]))</span>
<span class="n">d</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'TransferFee'</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">setText</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">data</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'TransferFee'</span><span class="p">]))</span>
<span class="n">d</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'StampTax'</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">setText</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">data</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'StampTax'</span><span class="p">]))</span>
<span class="n">d</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'CurrMargin'</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">setText</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">data</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'CurrMargin'</span><span class="p">]))</span>
<span class="n">d</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'Available'</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">setText</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">data</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'Available'</span><span class="p">]))</span>
<span class="n">d</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'WithdrawQuota'</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">setText</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">data</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'WithdrawQuota'</span><span class="p">]))</span>
<span class="c1"># 否则插入新的一行，并更新</span>
<span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">insertRow</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">d</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">{}</span>
<span class="n">cellAccountID</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">QtGui</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">QTableWidgetItem</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">data</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'AccountID'</span><span class="p">]))</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">setItem</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">cellAccountID</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">d</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'AccountID'</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">cell</span>
<span class="n">cellPreBalance</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">QtGui</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">QTableWidgetItem</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">data</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'PreBalance'</span><span class="p">]))</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">setItem</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">cellPreBalance</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">d</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'PreBalance'</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">cell</span>
<span class="o">...</span>
<span class="err">（后面的字段以此类推，这里请原谅作者实在不想写下去了，习惯遍历后复制粘贴都觉得麻烦）</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">dictAccount</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">accountid</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">d</span>
</pre></div>
<p>和上面的类C++写法相比，之前Python写法的优势就很明显了：</p>
<ul>
<li>
<p>代码行数显著减少（绝大部分都是重复内容），降低了coding时出错的概率，省下很多debug的时间</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>dictLabels可以直接作为配置来使用（类似于Java中使用很多配置文件），当需要增加或者移除某个字段时，用户只需更改dictLabels中的内容而无需改变initUi和updateAccount（这才是浪费无数debug时间的地方），同时修改的配置和本身的程序代码一样都是Python源代码文件（不像Java使用XML等其他文件进行配置）</p>
</li>
</ul>
<p>当然也存在一个缺点：理论上list遍历的使用降低了性能（GUI的更新耗时更长），但是作者以一个实际用户的经验可以告诉大家，这个性能上的牺牲微乎其微，考虑到vn.py的应用场景，这个缺点几乎可以忽略。</p>
<p>（限于作者本身的C++水平，以上这段编程语言的比较可能有不正确之处，欢迎读者指出。）</p>
<h2>功能调用组件</h2>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1">########################################################################</span>
<span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">LoginWidget</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">QtGui</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">QDialog</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="sd">"""登录"""</span>
<span class="c1">#----------------------------------------------------------------------</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">__init__</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">mainEngine</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">parent</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="bp">None</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="sd">"""Constructor"""</span>
<span class="nb">super</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">LoginWidget</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">__init__</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">__mainEngine</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">mainEngine</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">initUi</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">loadData</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="c1">#----------------------------------------------------------------------</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">initUi</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="sd">"""初始化界面"""</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">setWindowTitle</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">u'登录'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="c1"># 设置组件</span>
<span class="n">labelUserID</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">QtGui</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">QLabel</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">u'账号：'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">labelMdPassword</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">QtGui</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">QLabel</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">u'行情密码：'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">labelTdPassword</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">QtGui</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">QLabel</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">u'交易密码：'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">labelMdAddress</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">QtGui</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">QLabel</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">u'行情服务器：'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">labelTdAddress</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">QtGui</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">QLabel</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">u'交易服务器：'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">editUserID</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">QtGui</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">QLineEdit</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">editMdPassword</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">QtGui</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">QLineEdit</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">editTdPassword</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">QtGui</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">QLineEdit</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">editMdAddress</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">QtGui</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">QLineEdit</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">editTdAddress</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">QtGui</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">QLineEdit</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">editUserID</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">setMinimumWidth</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">200</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">buttonLogin</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">QtGui</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">QPushButton</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">u'登录'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">buttonCancel</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">QtGui</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">QPushButton</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">u'取消'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">buttonLogin</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">clicked</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">connect</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">login</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">buttonCancel</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">clicked</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">connect</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">close</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="c1"># 设置布局</span>
<span class="n">buttonHBox</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">QtGui</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">QHBoxLayout</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="n">buttonHBox</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">addStretch</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="n">buttonHBox</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">addWidget</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">buttonLogin</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">buttonHBox</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">addWidget</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">buttonCancel</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">grid</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">QtGui</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">QGridLayout</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="n">grid</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">addWidget</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">labelUserID</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">grid</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">addWidget</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">labelMdPassword</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">grid</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">addWidget</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">labelTdPassword</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">grid</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">addWidget</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">labelMdAddress</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">grid</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">addWidget</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">labelTdAddress</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">grid</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">addWidget</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">editUserID</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">grid</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">addWidget</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">editMdPassword</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">grid</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">addWidget</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">editTdPassword</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">grid</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">addWidget</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">editMdAddress</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">grid</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">addWidget</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">editTdAddress</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">grid</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">addLayout</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">buttonHBox</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">setLayout</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">grid</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="c1">#----------------------------------------------------------------------</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">login</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="sd">"""登录"""</span>
<span class="n">userid</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">editUserID</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">text</span><span class="p">())</span>
<span class="n">mdPassword</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">editMdPassword</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">text</span><span class="p">())</span>
<span class="n">tdPassword</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">editTdPassword</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">text</span><span class="p">())</span>
<span class="n">mdAddress</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">editMdAddress</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">text</span><span class="p">())</span>
<span class="n">tdAddress</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">editTdAddress</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">text</span><span class="p">())</span>
<span class="n">brokerid</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">'2011'</span> <span class="c1"># 这里因为LTS的BrokerID固定为2011</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">__mainEngine</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">login</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">userid</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">mdPassword</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">tdPassword</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">brokerid</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">mdAddress</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">tdAddress</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">close</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="c1">#----------------------------------------------------------------------</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">loadData</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="sd">"""读取数据"""</span>
<span class="n">f</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">shelve</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">open</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'setting.vn'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">try</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">setting</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">f</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'login'</span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="n">userid</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">setting</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'userid'</span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="n">mdPassword</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">setting</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'mdPassword'</span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="n">tdPassword</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">setting</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'tdPassword'</span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="n">mdAddress</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">setting</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'mdAddress'</span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="n">tdAddress</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">setting</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'tdAddress'</span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">editUserID</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">setText</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">userid</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">editMdPassword</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">setText</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">mdPassword</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">editTdPassword</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">setText</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">tdPassword</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">editMdAddress</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">setText</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">mdAddress</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">editTdAddress</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">setText</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">tdAddress</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">except</span> <span class="ne">KeyError</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="k">pass</span>
<span class="n">f</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">close</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="c1">#----------------------------------------------------------------------</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">saveData</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="sd">"""保存数据"""</span>
<span class="n">setting</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">{}</span>
<span class="n">setting</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'userid'</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">editUserID</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">text</span><span class="p">())</span>
<span class="n">setting</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'mdPassword'</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">editMdPassword</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">text</span><span class="p">())</span>
<span class="n">setting</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'tdPassword'</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">editTdPassword</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">text</span><span class="p">())</span>
<span class="n">setting</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'mdAddress'</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">editMdAddress</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">text</span><span class="p">())</span>
<span class="n">setting</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'tdAddress'</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">editTdAddress</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">text</span><span class="p">())</span>
<span class="n">f</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">shelve</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">open</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'setting.vn'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">f</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'login'</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">setting</span>
<span class="n">f</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">close</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="c1">#----------------------------------------------------------------------</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">closeEvent</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">event</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="sd">"""关闭事件处理"""</span>
<span class="c1"># 当窗口被关闭时，先保存登录数据，再关闭</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">saveData</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="n">event</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">accept</span><span class="p">()</span>
</pre></div>
<ol>
<li>
<p>主动调用组件通常在工作原理上较为简单，用户只需在界面上放置所需的组件（按钮、下拉框等），并将组件的信号和中层引擎暴露的功能函数连接上（参考上面的initUi和login方法）</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>对于一些我们希望保存下来省去每次输入麻烦的信息，这里推荐Python的shelve库，可以直接将Python中的数据对象以二进制的方式保存在文件中（文件后缀名可以自行定义）</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>在登录组件第一次创建时，我们从硬盘上的setting.vn文件中尝试读取登录账号等设置内容，同时每次在关闭该窗口时closeEvent方法会被自动触发，保存当前文本框中的设置内容到文件中</p>
</li>
</ol>
<h2>总结</h2>
<p>系列7和8两篇教程中已经基本覆盖了GUI界面开发的核心原理，剩下的更多细节以及开发中的一些奇技淫巧就留给读者自己去研究vn.py项目的源代码了，毕竟对于这套教程的目标读者，有能力去开发适合自己交易策略的量化平台才是最终目标：now it's time to get your hands dirty。 </p>
<p>至此，Python量化交易平台开发教程系列告一段落，作者接下来会将更多的精力放在vn.py项目本身的开发上。同时vn.py的社区已经初具规模，QQ群已经逐渐不能满足大家交流的需求，针对Python量化交易开发的一个论坛也已经初步搭好，近期将会开放，欢迎大家入驻。</p>
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