diff --git a/Cargo.toml b/Cargo.toml
index b5bfde5..baf6747 100644
--- a/Cargo.toml
+++ b/Cargo.toml
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ license = "MIT"
 description = "A unofficial Rust library for the Ernie API"
 homepage = "https://github.com/chenwanqq/erniebot-rs"
 repository = "https://github.com/chenwanqq/erniebot-rs"
-version = "0.2.1"
+version = "0.3.1"
 edition = "2021"
 exclude = [".github/",".vscode/",".gitignore"]
 
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 3c5c37c..6f0f256 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ Add the following to your Cargo.toml file:
 
 ```toml
 [dependencies]
-erniebot-rs = "0.2.1"
+erniebot-rs = "0.3.1"
 ```
 
 ## Authentication
diff --git a/README_zh.md b/README_zh.md
index 09b535c..1dbb354 100644
--- a/README_zh.md
+++ b/README_zh.md
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
   
 ```toml  
 [dependencies]  
-erniebot-rs = "0.2.1"
+erniebot-rs = "0.3.1"
 ```
 
 ## 鉴权
diff --git a/examples/chat.rs b/examples/chat.rs
index 6573f2a..ee70032 100644
--- a/examples/chat.rs
+++ b/examples/chat.rs
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ fn test_invoke() {
         ChatOpt::TopP(0.5),
         ChatOpt::TopK(50),
     ];
-    let response = chat.invoke(messages, options).unwrap();
+    let response = chat.invoke(&messages, &options).unwrap();
     let result = response.get_chat_result().unwrap();
     println!("{}", result);
 }
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ fn test_stream() {
         ChatOpt::TopP(0.5),
         ChatOpt::TopK(50),
     ];
-    let response = chat.stream(messages, options).unwrap();
+    let response = chat.stream(&messages, &options).unwrap();
     let result_by_chunk = response.get_results().unwrap();
     println!("{:?}", result_by_chunk);
     let whole_result = response.get_whole_result().unwrap();
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ fn test_ainvoke() {
         ];
     let options = Vec::new();
     let rt = Runtime::new().unwrap();
-    let response = rt.block_on(chat.ainvoke(messages, options)).unwrap();
+    let response = rt.block_on(chat.ainvoke(&messages, &options)).unwrap();
     let result = response.get_chat_result().unwrap();
     println!("{}", result);
 }
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ fn test_astream() {
     let options = Vec::new();
     let rt = Runtime::new().unwrap();
     rt.block_on(async move {
-        let mut stream_response = chat.astream(messages, options).await.unwrap();
+        let mut stream_response = chat.astream(&messages, &options).await.unwrap();
         while let Some(response) = stream_response.next().await {
             let result = response.get_chat_result().unwrap();
             print!("{}", result);
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ fn test_custom_endpoint() {
             },
         ];
     let options = Vec::new();
-    let response = chat.invoke(messages, options).unwrap();
+    let response = chat.invoke(&messages, &options).unwrap();
     let result = response.get_chat_result().unwrap();
     println!("{}", result);
 }
diff --git a/examples/chat_with_function.rs b/examples/chat_with_function.rs
index 7fe3b4c..658fdd0 100644
--- a/examples/chat_with_function.rs
+++ b/examples/chat_with_function.rs
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ fn main() {
     let functions = vec![weather_function];
     let options = vec![ChatOpt::Functions(functions)];
     let chat = ChatEndpoint::new(ChatModel::ErnieBot).unwrap();
-    let response = chat.invoke(messages, options).unwrap();
+    let response = chat.invoke(&messages, &options).unwrap();
     let text_response = response.get_chat_result().unwrap();
     let function_call = response.get_function_call().unwrap();
     println!("text_response: {}", text_response);
diff --git a/examples/embedding.rs b/examples/embedding.rs
index ca03097..f10eaa4 100644
--- a/examples/embedding.rs
+++ b/examples/embedding.rs
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ fn test_embedding() {
         "你叫什么名字".to_string(),
         "你是谁".to_string(),
     ];
-    let embedding_response = embedding.invoke(input, None).unwrap();
+    let embedding_response = embedding.invoke(&input, None).unwrap();
     let embedding_results = embedding_response.get_embedding_results().unwrap();
     println!("{},{}", embedding_results.len(), embedding_results[0].len());
 }
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ fn test_async_embedding() {
         "你是谁".to_string(),
     ];
     let rt = Runtime::new().unwrap();
-    let embedding_response = rt.block_on(embedding.ainvoke(input, None)).unwrap();
+    let embedding_response = rt.block_on(embedding.ainvoke(&input, None)).unwrap();
     let embedding_results = embedding_response.get_embedding_results().unwrap();
     println!("{},{}", embedding_results.len(), embedding_results[0].len());
 }
diff --git a/examples/rerank.rs b/examples/rerank.rs
index ecdf161..e6dc8ae 100644
--- a/examples/rerank.rs
+++ b/examples/rerank.rs
@@ -9,9 +9,12 @@ fn test_reranker() {
         "你叫什么名字".to_string(),
         "你是谁".to_string(),
     ];
-    let reranker_response = reranker.invoke(query, documents, None, None).unwrap();
+    let reranker_response = reranker.invoke(&query, &documents, None, None).unwrap();
     let reranker_results = reranker_response.get_reranker_response().unwrap();
-    let reranked_documents = reranker_results.into_iter().map(|x|x.document).collect::<Vec<String>>();
+    let reranked_documents = reranker_results
+        .into_iter()
+        .map(|x| x.document)
+        .collect::<Vec<String>>();
     println!("{},{:?}", reranked_documents.len(), reranked_documents);
 }
 
@@ -25,7 +28,7 @@ fn test_async_reranker() {
     ];
     let rt = Runtime::new().unwrap();
     let reranker_response = rt
-        .block_on(reranker.ainvoke(query, documents, None, None))
+        .block_on(reranker.ainvoke(&query, &documents, None, None))
         .unwrap();
     let reranker_results = reranker_response.get_reranker_response().unwrap();
     println!("{},{:?}", reranker_results.len(), reranker_results);
diff --git a/examples/text2image.rs b/examples/text2image.rs
index 83657e5..0047e93 100644
--- a/examples/text2image.rs
+++ b/examples/text2image.rs
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ fn main() {
         Text2ImageOpt::Style(Style::DigitalArt),
         Text2ImageOpt::Size(Size::S1024x768),
     ];
-    let text2image_response = text2image.invoke(prompt, options).unwrap();
+    let text2image_response = text2image.invoke(&prompt, &options).unwrap();
     let image_results = text2image_response.get_image_results().unwrap();
     for (index, image_string) in image_results.into_iter().enumerate() {
         let image = base64_to_image(image_string).unwrap();
diff --git a/src/chat/endpoint.rs b/src/chat/endpoint.rs
index 06e2bbb..dc1e5ca 100644
--- a/src/chat/endpoint.rs
+++ b/src/chat/endpoint.rs
@@ -38,8 +38,8 @@ impl ChatEndpoint {
     }
 
     fn generate_body(
-        messages: Vec<Message>,
-        options: Vec<ChatOpt>,
+        messages: &Vec<Message>,
+        options: &Vec<ChatOpt>,
         stream: bool,
     ) -> Result<serde_json::Value, ErnieError> {
         let mut body = serde_json::json!({
@@ -64,8 +64,8 @@ impl ChatEndpoint {
     /// invoke method is used to send a request to erniebot chat endpoint. This is a blocking method that will return a full response from the chat endpoint
     pub fn invoke(
         &self,
-        messages: Vec<Message>,
-        options: Vec<ChatOpt>,
+        messages: &Vec<Message>,
+        options: &Vec<ChatOpt>,
     ) -> Result<Response, ErnieError> {
         let body = ChatEndpoint::generate_body(messages, options, false)?;
         let client = reqwest::blocking::Client::new();
@@ -88,8 +88,8 @@ impl ChatEndpoint {
     /// stream method is used to send a request to erniebot chat endpoint. This is a blocking method that will return response in multiple chunks from the chat endpoint
     pub fn stream(
         &self,
-        messages: Vec<Message>,
-        options: Vec<ChatOpt>,
+        messages: &Vec<Message>,
+        options: &Vec<ChatOpt>,
     ) -> Result<Responses, ErnieError> {
         let body = ChatEndpoint::generate_body(messages, options, true)?;
         let client = reqwest::blocking::Client::new();
@@ -102,15 +102,15 @@ impl ChatEndpoint {
             .map_err(|e| ErnieError::StreamError(e.to_string()))?
             .text()
             .map_err(|e| ErnieError::StreamError(e.to_string()))?;
-        let response = Responses::from_text(response)?;
+        let response = Responses::from_text(&response)?;
         Ok(response)
     }
 
     /// ainvoke method is used to send a request to erniebot chat endpoint. This is an async method that will return a full response from the chat endpoint
     pub async fn ainvoke(
         &self,
-        messages: Vec<Message>,
-        options: Vec<ChatOpt>,
+        messages: &Vec<Message>,
+        options: &Vec<ChatOpt>,
     ) -> Result<Response, ErnieError> {
         let body = ChatEndpoint::generate_body(messages, options, false)?;
         let client = reqwest::Client::new();
@@ -136,8 +136,8 @@ impl ChatEndpoint {
     /// astream method is used to send a request to erniebot chat endpoint. This is an async method that will return response in multiple chunks from the chat endpoint
     pub async fn astream(
         &self,
-        messages: Vec<Message>,
-        options: Vec<ChatOpt>,
+        messages: &Vec<Message>,
+        options: &Vec<ChatOpt>,
     ) -> Result<StreamResponse, ErnieError> {
         let body = ChatEndpoint::generate_body(messages, options, true)?;
         let client = reqwest::Client::new();
@@ -191,7 +191,7 @@ mod tests {
             ChatOpt::TopP(0.5),
             ChatOpt::TopK(50),
         ];
-        let result = ChatEndpoint::generate_body(messages, options, true).unwrap();
+        let result = ChatEndpoint::generate_body(&messages, &options, true).unwrap();
         let s = serde_json::to_string(&result).unwrap();
         println!("{}", s);
     }
diff --git a/src/chat/response.rs b/src/chat/response.rs
index 94eeca1..c11434b 100644
--- a/src/chat/response.rs
+++ b/src/chat/response.rs
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ pub struct Responses {
 
 impl Responses {
     /// get Responses from reqwest::blocking::client. In the response body, it contains multiple responses split by blank line. This method will parse the response body and return a Responses struct.
-    pub fn from_text(text: String) -> Result<Self, ErnieError> {
+    pub fn from_text(text: &str) -> Result<Self, ErnieError> {
         let parts = text.split("\n\n").collect::<Vec<&str>>();
         let mut result = Vec::new();
         for part in parts {
diff --git a/src/embedding/endpoint.rs b/src/embedding/endpoint.rs
index 6dd34ed..fa79d3e 100644
--- a/src/embedding/endpoint.rs
+++ b/src/embedding/endpoint.rs
@@ -27,8 +27,8 @@ impl EmbeddingEndpoint {
     /// sync invoke
     pub fn invoke(
         &self,
-        input: Vec<String>,
-        user_id: Option<String>,
+        input: &Vec<String>,
+        user_id: Option<&str>,
     ) -> Result<EmbeddingResponse, ErnieError> {
         let mut body = serde_json::json!({
             "input": input,
@@ -56,8 +56,8 @@ impl EmbeddingEndpoint {
     ///async invoke
     pub async fn ainvoke(
         &self,
-        input: Vec<String>,
-        user_id: Option<String>,
+        input: &Vec<String>,
+        user_id: Option<&str>,
     ) -> Result<EmbeddingResponse, ErnieError> {
         let mut body = serde_json::json!({
             "input": input,
diff --git a/src/reranker/endpoint.rs b/src/reranker/endpoint.rs
index 0d7a853..8467bfe 100644
--- a/src/reranker/endpoint.rs
+++ b/src/reranker/endpoint.rs
@@ -27,10 +27,10 @@ impl RerankerEndpoint {
     /// sync invoke
     pub fn invoke(
         &self,
-        query: String,
-        documents: Vec<String>,
+        query: &str,
+        documents: &Vec<String>,
         top_n: Option<u64>,
-        user_id: Option<String>,
+        user_id: Option<&str>,
     ) -> Result<RerankerResponse, ErnieError> {
         let mut body = serde_json::json!({
             "query": query,
@@ -62,10 +62,10 @@ impl RerankerEndpoint {
     ///async invoke
     pub async fn ainvoke(
         &self,
-        query: String,
-        documents: Vec<String>,
+        query: &str,
+        documents: &Vec<String>,
         top_n: Option<u64>,
-        user_id: Option<String>,
+        user_id: Option<&str>,
     ) -> Result<RerankerResponse, ErnieError> {
         let mut body = serde_json::json!({
             "query": query,
diff --git a/src/text2image/endpoint.rs b/src/text2image/endpoint.rs
index 08a4f25..3a394c6 100644
--- a/src/text2image/endpoint.rs
+++ b/src/text2image/endpoint.rs
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ impl Text2ImageEndpoint {
         })
     }
 
-    fn generate_body(prompt: String, options: Vec<Text2ImageOpt>) -> serde_json::Value {
+    fn generate_body(prompt: &str, options: &Vec<Text2ImageOpt>) -> serde_json::Value {
         let mut body = serde_json::json!({
             "prompt": prompt,
         });
@@ -46,8 +46,8 @@ impl Text2ImageEndpoint {
     /// sync invoke
     pub fn invoke(
         &self,
-        prompt: String,
-        options: Vec<Text2ImageOpt>,
+        prompt: &str,
+        options: &Vec<Text2ImageOpt>,
     ) -> Result<Text2ImageResponse, ErnieError> {
         let body = Text2ImageEndpoint::generate_body(prompt, options);
         let client = reqwest::blocking::Client::new();
@@ -71,8 +71,8 @@ impl Text2ImageEndpoint {
     ///async invoke
     pub async fn ainvoke(
         &self,
-        prompt: String,
-        options: Vec<Text2ImageOpt>,
+        prompt: &str,
+        options: &Vec<Text2ImageOpt>,
     ) -> Result<Text2ImageResponse, ErnieError> {
         let body = Text2ImageEndpoint::generate_body(prompt, options);
         let client = reqwest::Client::new();