diff --git a/collections/Laud_Misc/MS_Laud_Misc_386.xml b/collections/Laud_Misc/MS_Laud_Misc_386.xml
index 1a6fb3e955..37d8802c4d 100644
--- a/collections/Laud_Misc/MS_Laud_Misc_386.xml
+++ b/collections/Laud_Misc/MS_Laud_Misc_386.xml
@@ -7,10 +7,13 @@
MS. Laud Misc. 386
MSS. Laud Misc. (Laud miscellaneous)
-
- Summary description
- Elizabeth Solopova
- Matthew Holford
+
+ Cataloguer
+ Daniela Mairhofer
+
+
+ Abbreviation and encoding
+ Alison Ray
@@ -37,13 +40,31 @@
1298
+ Song of Songs, with Expositiones. Germany, A) (fols 2–21) s. xivmed; B) (fols 22–45) s. xii2; C) (fols 46–103) s. xiv1
- Composite: A || fols. 22–45 || C
+ This description is abbreviated from Daniela Mairhofer,
Medieval Manuscripts from the Mainz Charterhouse in the Bodleian Library, Oxford: A Descriptive Catalogue (Oxford, 2018), pp. 1098–1107. For purposes of scholarly citation, reference to the printed catalogue is requested.
+ Composite: A) (fols 2–21) || B) (fols 22–45) || C) (fols 46–103)
+
+
+ parchment
+ iii (17th-cent.) + 102 + iii (17th-cent.) leaves
+ i, ii, 1–106, in modern (19th-cent.) pencil
+ A) i & ii 10; B) iii–v 8; C) vi & vii 10 | viii 12 | ix 10 | x & xi 8.
+
+
+
+
+ Brown tanned calf over laminated pulpboard for Abp. Laud, 1637–1639.
+
+
+
+ William Laud, 1573–1645 : The present book consists of three different German parts, which were presumably consolidated only in the course of the Laudian binding. Ex-libris inscription of Archbishop Laud, dated 1638, at the lower margin of fol. 2r.
+ Given to the Bodleian as part of his third donation, dispatched on 28 June 1639.
- [Summary description](https://medieval.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/about) abbreviated from the Quarto Catalogue (H. O. Coxe, Laudian Manuscripts , Quarto Catalogues II, repr. with corrections, 1969, from the original ed. of 1858–1885). Decoration, localization and date [part 2] follow Pächt and Alexander (1966).
+ See above. Previously described in the Quarto Catalogue (H. O. Coxe, Laudian Manuscripts , Quarto Catalogues II, repr. with corrections, 1969, from the original ed. of 1858–1885). Decoration, localization and date [part 2] follow Pächt and Alexander (1966).
Quarto Catalogue, col. 287
Quarto Catalogue, p. 559
Summary Catalogue, vol. 2, part 1, p. 56
@@ -61,12 +82,13 @@
- MS. Laud Misc. 386 – Part 1
+ MS. Laud Misc. 386 – Part A) (fols 2–21)
+
+ (fols 4ra–21va)
+ Commentary on Song of Songs
+ (Stegmüller, RB, 10070, this copy only (s. ‘XV’)).
+ Latin
+
+
+ (fol. 21va–vb)
+ Theological work
+ De decem stultitiis in bello spirituali cavendis.
+ Followed by note and verse prayer.
+ Latin
+
+ meum cum (fol. 3ra)
parchment
+
+
+ : c.230–32
+ 166–68
+
+
+ i & ii 10.
+
+ Ruling in ink, two columns of 42 lines.
+ Ruled space
+
+ c.187–94
+ 122–24
+
+
+
+ German textualis, s. xivmed, each item in a different hand: A1) (fols 2ra–3vb) item 1; A2) (fols 4ra–21va, l. 4) item 2; cursive textualis; guides to initials; A3) (fol. 21va, l. 6–vb) item 3; small cursive textualis. The note and prayer on fol. 21vb in a fourth hand, s. xivex, seemingly from the Mainz Charterhouse.
+ (fols 2ra, 4ra & 4va) Flourished initials in red and blue. Coloured initials in red and blue. Rubrication.
- 15th century
+ Mid 15th century
- German
+ Germany
+ Mainz, Carthusian abbey of St Michael : the late 14th-cent. ex-libris inscription at the upper right-hand margin of fol. 2r: ‘Fratrum Cartusiensium prope mogunciam’.
- MS. Laud Misc. 386 – Part 2
+ MS. Laud Misc. 386 – Part B) (fols 22–45)
-
+ Huc usque (gloss, fol. 23ra); Trahe me (Bible text, fol. 23rb)
- parchment
+ parchment; (fols 22r & 45v) small rust marks, presumably from former binding furniture.
+
+
+ : c.213–23
+ 149–57
+
+
+ iii–v 8.
+
+ Ruling (fols 22v ff.) in lead point; where marginal gloss occurs, three columns of (cols a & c) varying line numbers, and ruled for ad hoc, or (col. b) 13 lines.
+ Ruled space
+
+ c.135 or 175–85
+ 135/36
+
+
+
+ German protogothic script, s. xii2, by three hands: (fol. 22r) the first hymn of item 4 in hand B1; the second one in hand B2; B3) (fols 22va–45rc). The gloss occasionally supplemented in a contemporary, cursive hand, using different ink.
- Good initial. ([Pächt and Alexander](https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/000468709) i. 88)
+ (fol. 22vb) a three-line initial in red to item 5: the letter parted, with foliate infill (a stem reserved against the parchment, ending in three-petalled leaves), on green and blue ground. ([Pächt and Alexander](https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/000468709) i. 88)
12th century, second half
- German
+ Germany
+ Mainz, Carthusian abbey of St Michael : the late 14th-cent. ex-libris inscriptions at the lower right-hand margin of fol. 22r: ‘Codex carthusiensium moguncie.’, and at the upper centre of fol. 45v: ‘Codex carthusiensium maguncie’.
- MS. Laud Misc. 386 – Part 3
+ MS. Laud Misc. 386 – Part C) (fols 46–103)
-
+ -tiplex in (fol. 47ra)
- parchment
+ parchment; (fol. 48) remnants of medieval repair (stitching holes).
+
+
+ : c.220–23
+ 168–72
+
+
+ vi & vii 10 | viii 12 | ix 10 | x & xi 8.
+
+ Ruling in ink (except for the last verso, fol. 103v: verticals only, in lead point), two columns of 41 or 42 (fol. 103v: 53 & 48 unruled) lines.
+ Ruled space
+
+ c.175–83
+ 116–24
+
+
+
+ German textualis, s. xiv1, two hands: C1) (fols 46ra–101ra, l. 18); C2) (fols 101ra, l. 18–102vb). Item in a hand of s. xiv2. Occasionally 15th-cent. marginalia, added at the Charterhouse at Mainz.
+ (fols 46ra & 63va) four-, (fols 46rb, 47rb, 54rb & 70ra) three- and (fol. 99va) two-line fleuronnée initials in red, with fine decoration inside and out, and extensions. Coloured initials in red. (fol. 85va) five-line initial planned, but not filled in. Rubrication.
- 15th century
+ 14th century, first half
- German
+ Germany
+ Mainz, Carthusian abbey of St Michael : the 15th-cent. ex-libris inscriptions at the lower right-hand margin of fol. 102v: ‘Codex Carthusiensium maguncie.’ and, presumably in the same hand, at the head of fol. 103v (partly trimmed): ‘Liber Carthusiensium prope magunciam.’
+ Description revised for Mainz digitization project to include additional information from Mairhofer catalogue.
First online publication.
James Cummings Up-converted the markup using [https://github.com/jamescummings/Bodleian-msDesc-ODD/blob/master/convertTolkien2Bodley.xsl](https://github.com/jamescummings/Bodleian-msDesc-ODD/blob/master/convertTolkien2Bodley.xsl)
diff --git a/collections/Laud_Misc/MS_Laud_Misc_390.xml b/collections/Laud_Misc/MS_Laud_Misc_390.xml
index 438c11c030..b7b4f82db4 100644
--- a/collections/Laud_Misc/MS_Laud_Misc_390.xml
+++ b/collections/Laud_Misc/MS_Laud_Misc_390.xml
@@ -7,10 +7,13 @@
MS. Laud Misc. 390
MSS. Laud Misc. (Laud miscellaneous)
-
- Summary description
- Elizabeth Solopova
- Matthew Holford
+
+ Cataloguer
+ Daniela Mairhofer
+
+
+ Abbreviation and encoding
+ Alison Ray
@@ -37,13 +40,32 @@
1371
+ Commentaries on the Bible. France (?), A) (fols 1–77) s. xi; B) (fols 78–292) s. xiii2.
- Composite: two parts
+ This description is abbreviated from Daniela Mairhofer,
Medieval Manuscripts from the Mainz Charterhouse in the Bodleian Library, Oxford: A Descriptive Catalogue (Oxford, 2018), pp. 1117–1125. For purposes of scholarly citation, reference to the printed catalogue is requested.
+ Composite: A) (fols 1–77) || B) (fols 78–292)
+
+
+ parchment
+ iii (17th-cent.) + 292 + ii (17th-cent.) leaves
+ i–iii, 1–294, in modern (19th-cent.) pencil
+ A) i 10-2 | ii 8 | iii 10-2 | iv 10-2 | v 10-2 | vi 10-2 | vii & viii 8 | ix 10-2 | x 8-3; B) xi–xvi 8 | xvii 12 | xviii–xxx 8 | xxxi 10-3 (?) | xxxii–xxxvi 8 | xxxvii 6-2.
+
+
+
+
+ Brown tanned calf over laminated pulpboard for Abp. Laud, 1637–1639.
+
+
+
+ Mainz, Carthusian abbey of St Michael : the ex-libris inscriptions of the Mainz Charterhouse were inserted by the same hand, and may indicate that both fascicles were already bound together when in the possession of the Charterhouse.
+ William Laud, 1573–1645 : Ex-libris inscription of Archbishop Laud, dated 1638, at the lower margin of fol. 1v.
+ Given to the Bodleian as part of his third donation, dispatched on 28 June 1639.
- [Summary description](https://medieval.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/about) abbreviated from the Quarto Catalogue (H. O. Coxe, Laudian Manuscripts , Quarto Catalogues II, repr. with corrections, 1969, from the original ed. of 1858–1885).
+ See above. Previously described in the Quarto Catalogue (H. O. Coxe, Laudian Manuscripts , Quarto Catalogues II, repr. with corrections, 1969, from the original ed. of 1858–1885).
Quarto Catalogue, col. 289
Quarto Catalogue, p. 559
Quarto Catalogue, p. 560
@@ -62,87 +84,180 @@
- MS. Laud Misc. 390 – Part 1
+ MS. Laud Misc. 390 – Part A) (fols 1–77)
+ (fols 1v–77r)
Hrabanus Maurus
Commentary on Wisdom
+ with prologue (ep. ad Otgarium archiepiscopum) (ed.: PL 109. 671A–62D; the prologue also edited in E. Dümmler, MGH Epp. 5 (1899) 425–26 (ep. 20), this copy collated, see p. 425 (siglum ‘O’); Stegmüller, RB, 7052, this copy).
Bible, Wisdom
Latin
+
+ (fol. 77v)
+ Hymn
+ On St Mary Magdalene, with staffless neumes (ed.: AH 50. 268; Chevalier 10551).
+ Latin
+
+ -phum prenotauit (fol. 2r)
- parchment
+ parchment; (fols 22 & 50) bookmarks: a natural-coloured thread sewn into the upper outer margins, to mark the beginning of bks 2 & 3.
+
+
+ : c.237–41
+ 165–74
+
+
+ i 10-2 | ii 8 | iii 10-2 | iv 10-2 | v 10-2 | vi 10-2 | vii & viii 8 | ix 10-2 | x 8-3.
+
+ Ruling in hard-point, one column of 26 lines.
+ Ruled space
+
+ c.175–82
+ 106–10
+
+
+
+ Early protogothic script, s. xi, by a single hand, above top line. 2 supplied by a different, but contemporary hand.
+ (fol. 77v) staffless neumes accompanying item 2.
+ Coloured initials in red and blue. Rubrication.
- 11th century and 13th century
+ 11th century
+ France (?)
+ Mainz, Carthusian abbey of St Michael : the late 14th-cent. ex-libris inscriptions, all in the same hand (including the inscription in part B, see below): at the upper margin of fol. 1r, following the title of item 1: ‘et pertinet ad Cartusienses prope mogunciam’; and on fol. 77r, below the explicit: ‘Pertinet ad Cartusienses prope mogunciam’.
- MS. Laud Misc. 390 – Part 2
+ MS. Laud Misc. 390 – Part B) (fols 78–292)
-
+ crisostomus. reseruata (fol. 79r)
- parchment
+ parchment; occasionally stitching preserved, in plain thread.
+
+
+ : c.226–35
+ 160–70
+
+
+ xi–xvi 8 | xvii 12 | xviii–xxx 8 | xxxi 10-3 (?) | xxxii–xxxvi 8 | xxxvii 6-2.
+
+ Ruling in lead point, one column of c.46–53 lines.
+ Ruled space
+
+ c.182–203
+ 115–40
+
+
+
+ German cursive textualis, s. xiii2/xiv, by several hands, above top line. Occasional marginalia.
+ Coloured initials in red. Rubrication.
- 11th century and 13th century
+ 13th century, second half France (?)
+ Mainz, Carthusian abbey of St Michael : the late 14th-cent. ex-libris inscription at the upper right margin of fol. 78r: ‘Iste liber est Cartusiensium prope mogunciam’, in the same hand as the inscriptions in part A.
+ Description revised for Mainz digitization project to include additional information from Mairhofer catalogue.
First online publication.
James Cummings Up-converted the markup using [https://github.com/jamescummings/Bodleian-msDesc-ODD/blob/master/convertTolkien2Bodley.xsl](https://github.com/jamescummings/Bodleian-msDesc-ODD/blob/master/convertTolkien2Bodley.xsl)
diff --git a/collections/Laud_Misc/MS_Laud_Misc_410.xml b/collections/Laud_Misc/MS_Laud_Misc_410.xml
index a1c6b1058f..fcc0843b09 100644
--- a/collections/Laud_Misc/MS_Laud_Misc_410.xml
+++ b/collections/Laud_Misc/MS_Laud_Misc_410.xml
@@ -7,10 +7,13 @@
MS. Laud Misc. 410
MSS. Laud Misc. (Laud miscellaneous)
-
- Summary description
- Elizabeth Solopova
- Matthew Holford
+
+ Cataloguer
+ Daniela Mairhofer
+
+
+ Abbreviation and encoding
+ Alison Ray
@@ -37,13 +40,31 @@
1071
+ Visions; Miracles; Bertrandus de Turre, Sermones de mortuis. A) (fols 1–76) Trier, St Maximin, s. x4/4; B) (fols 77–93) South-West Germany, s. xiiex; C) (fols 94–113) Mainz Charterhouse (?), s. xiv2.
- Composite: fols. 1–76 || B || C
+ This description is abbreviated from Daniela Mairhofer,
Medieval Manuscripts from the Mainz Charterhouse in the Bodleian Library, Oxford: A Descriptive Catalogue (Oxford, 2018), pp. 1159–1174. For purposes of scholarly citation, reference to the printed catalogue is requested.
+ Composite: A) (fols 1–76) || B) (fols 77–93) || C) (fols 94–113)
+
+
+ parchment
+ 113 + ii (i, 17th-cent.; ii, modern) leaves
+ 1–115, in modern (19th-cent.) pencil
+ A) i 8 | ii 10 | iii–vi 8 | vii 10 | viii 8 | ix 12-4; B) x 8+1 | xi 8; C)xii 12 | xiii 8.
+
+
+
+
+ Brown tanned calf over laminated pulpboard for Abp. Laud, 1637–1639.
+
+
+
+ William Laud, 1573–1645 : The present book consists of three different parts, which were presumably consolidated only in the course of the Laudian binding. Ex-libris inscription of Archbishop Laud, dated 1638, at the lower margin of fol. 1v. A 17th-cent. list of contents at the upper half of fol. 1r.
+ Given to the Bodleian as part of his third donation, dispatched on 28 June 1639.
- [Summary description](https://medieval.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/about) abbreviated from the Quarto Catalogue (H. O. Coxe, Laudian Manuscripts , Quarto Catalogues II, repr. with corrections, 1969, from the original ed. of 1858–1885). Decoration, localization and date [part 1] follow Pächt and Alexander (1966).
+ See above. Previously described in the Quarto Catalogue (H. O. Coxe, Laudian Manuscripts , Quarto Catalogues II, repr. with corrections, 1969, from the original ed. of 1858–1885). Decoration, localization and date [part 1] follow Pächt and Alexander (1966).
Quarto Catalogue, cols. 301–2
Quarto Catalogue, p. 561
Summary Catalogue, vol. 2, part 1, p. 46
@@ -67,49 +88,77 @@
- MS. Laud Misc. 410 – Part 1
+ MS. Laud Misc. 410 – Part A) (fols 1–76)
+ (fols 1v–18r)
Vita S. Eustachii
+ With prologue (the present MS. edited by H. Varnhagen, ‘Zwei lateinische metrische Versionen der Legende von Placidus-Eustachius’, ZfdA 25 (1881) 1–25, at pp. 4–25; – BHL 2767; Walther, IC, 16700, citing this copy (s. xi); Hauréau, Initia, 5. 35*vb, this copy only; ICL 14237; M. Lapidge, ‘Æthelwold and the Vita s. Eustachii’, in Scire litteras. Forschungen zum mittelalterlichen Geistesleben, eds S. Krämer & M. Bernhard, ABAW, NF, H. 99 (Munich, 1988) 255–65, at pp. 257–59 & 265; repr. in his Anglo-Latin literature: 900–1066 (London & Rio Grande, 1993) 213–23, for this copy see pp. 215ff. & 222f.).
Latin
+ (fols 18r–40r)
Walahfrid Strabo
Visio Wettini
+ With praefatio ad Grimaldum capellanum, interlinear Latin and (six) Old High German glosses (ed.: PL 114. 1063A–82C; H. Knittel, Reichenauer Texte und Bilder 12 (Heidelberg, 2004), this copy (siglum ‘O’) at pp. 132 & 134f.; and F. Stella, La visione di Vetti. Il primo viaggio poetico nell’aldilà (Pisa, 2009)).
Latin with Old High German
+ (fols 40v–68r)
Nauigatio S. Brendani
+ With prologue (ed. C. Selmer, Navigatio sancti Brendani abbatis from early Latin manuscripts, Publications in Mediaeval Studies 16 (Notre Dame, 1959) 3–82, this copy MS. ‘O’, group (Lotharingian-Rhenish background), see especially pp. xxxix–xl, xlviii–xlix & p. 111, no. 33 (a); G. Orlandi & R. E. Guglielmetti, Per verba 30 (Florence, 2014) 00; – Hardy, Materials, 1. 458, this copy (incorrect date); BHL & BHL nov. suppl. 1437; Kenney, Sources, 414f. (no. 203, incorrect date); C. Selmer, ‘A study of the Latin manuscripts of the Navigatio sancti Brendani’, Scriptorium 3 (1949) 177–82; G. S. Burgess & C. Strijbosch, The legend of St Brendan: a critical bibliography (Dublin, 2000), citing the present MS. at p. 17 (incorrect, date, etc.)).
Latin
+ (fols 68v–73r)
Visio Drithelmi
- After Bede , Historia Ecclesiastica , V.12.
+ After Bede , Historia Ecclesiastica , 5. 12 (ed.: PL 95. 247B–52B; ed. B. Colgrave & R. A. B. Mynors, OMT (1969, repr. with corrections 1991) 488–98; A. Crépin et al., SChr 491 (2005) 68–84; CPL 1375; ‘Visio Drycthelmi’, 2VL 10 (1999) 400–02, esp. at cols 400f. [N. F. Palmer]).
Latin
+ (fols 73v–76v)
Visio Salvii episcopi
+ After Gregory of Tours , Historiae Francorum , (part of) lib. 7 (ed.: PL 71. 415A–18C; ed. B. Krusch & W. Levison, MGH SS. rer. Merov. 1/1 (21951) 323, l. 17–327, l. 6; BHL 7468 & 7469; Hauréau, Initia, 4, fol. 31vb; CPL 1023).
Latin
+ Insignis factis (fol. 2r)
parchment
+
+
+ : c.245–50
+ 164–67
+
+
+ i 8 | ii 10 | iii–vi 8 | vii 10 | viii 8 | ix 12-4.
+
+ Ruling in hard point, one column of 24 lines.
+ Ruled space
+
+ c.188–92
+ 133–36
+
+
+
+ late Carolingian minuscule, verging on protogothic script, Trier, St Maximin, s. x4/4, by presumably three different hands, above top line: A1) (fols 1v–26v & 40v–76v (?)); A2) (fols 27r–29r); A3) (fols 29v–40r).
- Fine initials. ([Pächt and Alexander](https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/000468709) i. 26, pl. III)
+ (fols 1v & 18v) Decorated initials in red with interlace designs on blue ground. ([Pächt and Alexander](https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/000468709) i. 26, pl. III)
+ Coloured initials in red and blue.
+ Rubrication.
- 10th century, end
+ 10th century, fourth quarter
- German , South-west
-
+ Germany , Trier, Benedictine abbey of St Maximin
@@ -117,63 +166,124 @@
- MS. Laud Misc. 410 – Part 2
+ MS. Laud Misc. 410 – Part B) (fols 77–93)
-
- Miracles of the Virgin.
+
+ (fol. 77r–v)
+ Missal
+ Fragment of a Missal written in Germany, s. xi/xii. For full description, see printed catalogue.
Latin
-
- Vita Theophili
+
+ (fols 78r–93v)
+ Miracula
Latin
+
+ (fols 78r–86v, 89r–v & 93r–v)
+ Miracles of the Virgin
+ Cap. 1–18 & 39, with prologue (pr.: B. Pez, Venerabilis Agnetis Blannbekin ... Vita et revelationes ... (Vienna, 1731) 305–40 & 414–18; ed. T. F. Crane, Liber de miraculis sanctae dei genitricis Mariae (Ithaca, NY, etc., 1925; repr. of B. Pez, Vienna 1731, with introduction and notes) 3–21; 62–64; BHL 5357). Text wrongly attributed by Pez to Boto of Prüfening .
+ (fol. 85v, lower margin) Antifeminist verses.
+
+ (fols 86v–89r; 90r–93r; 93v)
+ Miracula
+ Various miracles, including Vita Theophili and extracts from Gregory of Tours , Libri miraculorum . See printed catalogue for full listing.
+
+ Quem dum transire (fol. 79r)
- parchment
+ parchment; occasional natural flaws, (fols 81 & 87) stitched up with plain thread.
+
+
+ : c.240–44
+ 151–65
+
+
+ x 8+1 | xi 8.
+
+ Ruling (fols 78r–93v) in lead or hard point; one column of c.29–42 lines.
+ Ruled space
+
+ c.187–92
+ 114–24
+
+
+
+ (fols 78r–93v, item 7) German protogothic script, s. xiiex, one main hand, occasionally interrupted, mostly above top line.A hand of s. xv from the Mainz Charterhouse occasionally added marginalia.
+ (fols 78r & 90r) Decorated initials in red, parted, decorated with acanthus leaves. Coloured initials in red. Rubrication.
- 12th century
+ 12th century, end
+
+ Germany , South-west
+
+
+ Mainz, Carthusian abbey of St Michael : the 15th-cent. ex-libris inscription at the upper margin of fol. 93v: ‘Iste liber est carthusiensium prope mogunciam.’
- MS. Laud Misc. 410 – Part 3
+ MS. Laud Misc. 410 – Part C) (fols 94–113)
-
+
+ (fols 95r–113v)
Bertrandus de Turre
Sermones de mortuis
- (imperfect)
+ Imperfect (Smalley, English friars, 242–44, citing the present MS. at p. 242, n. 3; Schneyer 1. 577f.; Hauréau, Initia, 3. 123ra, this copy only; Mohan 188*). There is text loss between fols 105/106 (part of Schneyer nos 1057 & 1063, and the whole of nos 1058–1062 missing); see also the catchword ‘luce clarius’ in the lower margin of fol. 105v, which does not match the first words of the following page. It appears likely that a whole quire is lost.
Latin
+ per domicianum (fol. 96r)
- parchment
+ parchment; palimpsested: (fols 94–103) remnants of underscript visible, presumably in Latin, s. xii or xiii, text not identifiable.
+
+
+ : c.239–45
+ 161–67
+
+
+ xii 12 | xiii 8.
+
+ Ruling in lead point, one column of 39 or 40 lines.
+ Ruled space
+
+ c.185–87
+ 108–11
+
+
+
+ German bastarda, s. xiv2, by a single, possibly Carthusian, hand.
+ Coloured initials in red. Rubrication.
- 15th century
+ 15th century, second half
+ Germany , possibly written at the Mainz Charterhouse . The fascicle was originally larger, several quires at the end and one between fols 105/106 missing, with loss of text. The ex-libris inscription of the Mainz Charterhouse on fol. 95r (see below) indicates that these quires were already missing when the inscription was inserted, in the 15th century.
+
+ Mainz, Carthusian abbey of St Michael : the 15th-cent. ex-libris inscriptions at the upper margin of fol. 94v: ‘Iste liber pertinet ad fratres Carthusiensium prope mogunciam.’ and fol. 95r: ‘Isti duo sexterni [sic]. pertinent ad fratres Carthusiensium iuxta mogunciam.’
+ Description revised for Mainz digitization project to include additional information from Mairhofer catalogue.
First online publication.
James Cummings Up-converted the markup using [https://github.com/jamescummings/Bodleian-msDesc-ODD/blob/master/convertTolkien2Bodley.xsl](https://github.com/jamescummings/Bodleian-msDesc-ODD/blob/master/convertTolkien2Bodley.xsl)
diff --git a/collections/Laud_Misc/MS_Laud_Misc_411.xml b/collections/Laud_Misc/MS_Laud_Misc_411.xml
index 8922a08966..f4f556ff25 100644
--- a/collections/Laud_Misc/MS_Laud_Misc_411.xml
+++ b/collections/Laud_Misc/MS_Laud_Misc_411.xml
@@ -7,10 +7,13 @@
MS. Laud Misc. 411
MSS. Laud Misc. (Laud miscellaneous)
-
- Summary description
- Elizabeth Solopova
- Matthew Holford
+
+ Cataloguer
+ Daniela Mairhofer
+
+
+ Abbreviation and encoding
+ Alison Ray
@@ -37,29 +40,62 @@
1070
+ Philippus de Monte Calerio, Dominicale. Germany, s. xiv2.
+
+ This description is abbreviated from Daniela Mairhofer, Medieval Manuscripts from the Mainz Charterhouse in the Bodleian Library, Oxford: A Descriptive Catalogue (Oxford, 2018), pp. 1179–1193. For purposes of scholarly citation, reference to the printed catalogue is requested.
+
Phillipus de Monte Calerio
Dominicale
+ Abbreviated version of text (ed.: Little 89, this copy only; Hauréau, Initia, 2. 202vb/203ra, this copy only; Mohan 135*, this copy only, & 390*f.; G. de Martel, Répertoire des texts Latins relatifs au livre de Ruth (VIIe–XVe s.), Instrumenta Patristica 18 (Steenbrugge, 1990) 107f. (C 53), citing the present MS. at p. 108). Text is imperfect, as there are one or more quires missing at the end.
Latin
+ Tunc plangent
- parchment
+ parchment; remnants of medieval repair (stitching holes).
+ i (17th-cent.) + 138 + i (17th-cent.) leaves
+
+ : c.238–44
+ 175–80
+
+
+ i, 1–128 in modern (19th-cent.) pencil. no. 70 occurs four times (70, 70a–70c), nos 84 & 102 duplicated (84a & 84b; 102a & 102b), no. 117 occurs seven times (117a–117g).
+ 12 | ii–vii 10 | viii & ix 8 | x 10 | xi 8 | xii 14 | xiii 8 | xiv 10.
+
+ Ruling in ink and lead point, one column of c.40–50 both ruled and unruled lines. Ruled space
+ c.182–191
+ 125–28
+
+
+
+ German textualis, s. xiv2: seven hands, some of which write a cursive script; mostly below top line: 1) (fols 1r–41v, l. 36, 48v–53r, l. 3, & 71r–84av); 2) (fols 41v, l. 36–48r); 3) (fols 53r, l. 3–70v & 114r, l. 20–117av); 4) (fols 85r & 89r); 5) (fols 85v–86v & 89v–102av); 6) (fols 87r–88v & 103–114r, l. 19); 7) (fols 118r–127v). Several marginalia by contemporary hands of Mainz Charterhouse.
+ Initials (fols 1r–21v) either parted, in red and blue, with fleuronnée decoration in red, blue and/or purple; or in red, with fleuronnée in pale brown and/or purple.
+ Coloured initials in red.
+ Rubrication.
+
+
+ Brown tanned calf over laminated pulpboard for Archbp. Laud, 1637–1639
+
+
- 14th century
+ 14th century, second half Germany
+ Mainz, Carthusian abbey of St Michael : the 15th-cent. ex-libris inscriptions at the upper margin of fol. 1r: ‘Iste liber est Carthusiensium prope magunciam’ and, in the same hand, of 127v: ‘Iste liber est carthusiensium prope magunciam.’ Possibly identical with K I T in cat. ii.
+ William Laud, 1573–1645 : Ex-libris, dated 1638, at the lower half of fol. 1r.
+ Given to the Bodleian as part of his third donation, dispatched on 28 June 1639.
- [Summary description](https://medieval.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/about) abbreviated from the Quarto Catalogue (H. O. Coxe, Laudian Manuscripts , Quarto Catalogues II, repr. with corrections, 1969, from the original ed. of 1858–1885).
+ See above. Previously described in the Quarto Catalogue (H. O. Coxe, Laudian Manuscripts , Quarto Catalogues II, repr. with corrections, 1969, from the original ed. of 1858–1885).
Quarto Catalogue, col. 302
Quarto Catalogue, col. 303
Summary Catalogue, vol. 2, part 1, p. 46
@@ -78,6 +114,7 @@
+ Description revised for Mainz digitization project to include additional information from Mairhofer catalogue.
First online publication.
James Cummings Up-converted the markup using [https://github.com/jamescummings/Bodleian-msDesc-ODD/blob/master/convertTolkien2Bodley.xsl](https://github.com/jamescummings/Bodleian-msDesc-ODD/blob/master/convertTolkien2Bodley.xsl)
diff --git a/collections/Laud_Misc/MS_Laud_Misc_456.xml b/collections/Laud_Misc/MS_Laud_Misc_456.xml
index 17778ae6c9..3c95c57120 100644
--- a/collections/Laud_Misc/MS_Laud_Misc_456.xml
+++ b/collections/Laud_Misc/MS_Laud_Misc_456.xml
@@ -7,10 +7,13 @@
MS. Laud Misc. 456
MSS. Laud Misc. (Laud miscellaneous)
-
- Summary description
- Elizabeth Solopova
- Matthew Holford
+
+ Cataloguer
+ Daniela Mairhofer
+
+
+ Abbreviation and encoding
+ Alison Ray
@@ -37,10 +40,15 @@
1332
+ Odo of Cluny, Epitome Moralium s. Gregorii in Iob. France/South of the Loire, s. ix2/4.
+ This description is abbreviated from Daniela Mairhofer, Medieval Manuscripts from the Mainz Charterhouse in the Bodleian Library, Oxford: A Descriptive Catalogue (Oxford, 2018), pp. 1195–1200. For purposes of scholarly citation, reference to the printed catalogue is requested.
- Gregory the Great
- Moralia in Job
+ (fols 1r–201r)
+ Odo of Cluny
+ Epitome Moralium s. Gregorii in Iob
+ Bks 6–35. The text is imperfect at the beginning, starting with bk 6, v. 9. (pr.: M. Marrier (Paris, 1617) 99–766; ed.: PL 133. 159B–512D, etc.; Stegmüller, RB, 6118; M. Adriaen (ed.), Egloga quam scripsit Lathcen filius Baith de Moralibus Iob quas Gregorius fecit, CCSL 145 (1969), p. vi, n. 12).
+ (fol. 201r, l. 7–v) blank, except for notes and sketches on the verso. (fol. 201v, lower half) A possibile reference to a female scribe: ‘Anstrud sripsit [sic]’. See printed catalogue for full description.
Latin
Bible, Job
@@ -48,32 +56,58 @@
+ Occidit sol
- parchment
+ parchment. The first and last leaves of the volume appear to have directly faced the boards of a previous binding: (fols 1r–v, 198v–201v) several rust marks (the last two leaves partly damaged), from former binding furniture, including two fore-edge straps/clasps.
+ i (17th-cent.) + 201 + i (17th-cent.) leaves
+
+ : c.322–47
+ 231–41
+
+
+ i, 1–202, in modern (19th-cent.) pencil.
+ i 4 | ii 4-2 | iii 10-2 | iv & v 8 | vi 10 | vii 10-1 | viii 8 | ix 10-2 | x & xi 8 | xii 10-2 | xiii 8 | xiv 10-2 | xv 8 | xvi 10-2 | xvii 2 | xviii 8 | xix 10-2 | xx & xxi 8 | xxii 10-2 | xxiii & xxiv 8 | xxv 10-2 | xxvi 8 | xxvii 6.
+
+ Ruling in hard point, one column of 31 or 32 lines. Ruled space
+ c.240–258
+ 162–70
+
+
+
- 'Aystrud scripsit', fol. 201v.
+ Carolingian minuscule, s. ix3/4, by several hands. Occasional marginalia in lead point or ink, in contemporary and later, up to 15th-cent. hands.
+ 'Aystrud scripsit', fol. 201v. Note suggestive of a female scribe.
[Pächt and Alexander](https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/000468709) i. 13:
- Initials.
+ Decorated initials in red, green and yellow.
+ Rubrication.
Sketches and drawings.
+
+
+ Brown tanned calf over laminated pulpboard for Archbp. Laud, 1637–1639
+
+
- 9th century, first half
+ 9th century, second quarter.
- German
+ France , South of the Loire, possibly in a nunnery (see Script).
+ Mainz, Carthusian abbey of St Michael : the late 14th-cent. ex-libris inscription at the upper margin of fol. 1r: ‘Iste liber est fratrum montis sancti michahelis prope mogunciam ordinis Carthusiensis’ (faint) and, in a different hand, at the upper right margin of fol. 200v: ‘Iste liber est Cartusiensium prope mogunciam’. A German hand of s. xiv2/4 inserted in the left-hand margin of fol. 52v a note alluding to the Battle of Mühldorf (Battle of Ampfing), near Mühldorf am Inn, fought on September 28, 1322, between the Duchy of (Upper) Bavaria and Austria (king Louis of Wittelsbach led the Bavarians, while his cousin, the anti-king Frederick of Habsburg, commanded the Austrians): ‘Anno Domni Mo | CCC XXII Lo|dewicus rex ro|manorum et dux austrie habebant | in baubaria | conflictum magnum’. The manuscript may therefore be located in Southern Germany/territory of Mainz in the second quarter of the 14th century, and it seems very likely that it was already in the possession of the Mainz Charterhouse at that time (cf. G. Braga, ‘Problemi di autenticità per Oddone di Cluny: l’Epitome dei “Moralia” di Gregorio Magno’, Studi medievali, 3rd ser., 18/2 (1977), p. 127).
+ William Laud, 1573–1645 : Ex-libris, dated 1638, at the lower part of fol. 1r.
+ Given to the Bodleian as part of his third donation, dispatched on 28 June 1639.
- [Summary description](https://medieval.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/about) abbreviated from the Quarto Catalogue (H. O. Coxe, Laudian Manuscripts , Quarto Catalogues II, repr. with corrections, 1969, from the original ed. of 1858–1885). Decoration, localization and date follow Pächt and Alexander (1966).
+ See above. Previously described in the Quarto Catalogue (H. O. Coxe, Laudian Manuscripts , Quarto Catalogues II, repr. with corrections, 1969, from the original ed. of 1858–1885). Decoration, localization and date follow Pächt and Alexander (1966).
Quarto Catalogue, col. 328
Quarto Catalogue, p. 563
Summary Catalogue, vol. 2, part 1, p. 57
@@ -92,6 +126,7 @@
+ Description revised for Mainz digitization project to include additional information from Mairhofer catalogue.
First online publication.
James Cummings Up-converted the markup using [https://github.com/jamescummings/Bodleian-msDesc-ODD/blob/master/convertTolkien2Bodley.xsl](https://github.com/jamescummings/Bodleian-msDesc-ODD/blob/master/convertTolkien2Bodley.xsl)
diff --git a/collections/Laud_Misc/MS_Laud_Misc_472.xml b/collections/Laud_Misc/MS_Laud_Misc_472.xml
index 54f9b2a8d2..17de2a8088 100644
--- a/collections/Laud_Misc/MS_Laud_Misc_472.xml
+++ b/collections/Laud_Misc/MS_Laud_Misc_472.xml
@@ -7,10 +7,13 @@
MS. Laud Misc. 472
MSS. Laud Misc. (Laud miscellaneous)
-
- Summary description
- Elizabeth Solopova
- Matthew Holford
+
+ Cataloguer
+ Daniela Mairhofer
+
+
+ Abbreviation and encoding
+ Alison Ray
@@ -37,29 +40,84 @@
1041
+ Conrad Holtnicker of Saxony, Sermones. Germany, s. xiv1.
+ This description is abbreviated from Daniela Mairhofer, Medieval Manuscripts from the Mainz Charterhouse in the Bodleian Library, Oxford: A Descriptive Catalogue (Oxford, 2018), pp. 1202–1215. For purposes of scholarly citation, reference to the printed catalogue is requested.
+ (fols 1ra–103rb)
Conrad Holtnicker
Sermons
+ Selection (pr. as Bonaventure, Paris 1521, etc.; Schneyer, Wegweiser, 224; Schneyer 1. 748–777, citing the present MS. at pp. 764 & 778; Distelbrink 208).
+ Latin
+
+ (fols 1ra–58vb)
+ Sermones de tempore (Schneyer 1. 748–764, citing the present MS. at p. 764).
+
+ (fols 59ra–89avb)
+ Sermones de sanctis (Schneyer 1. 765–771).
+
+ (fols 90ra–103rb)
+ Sermones de communi sanctorum (Schneyer 1. 771–777, citing the present MS. at p. 778).
+
+
+ (fols 103va–104rb)
+ St Augustine of Hippo
+ Extracts
+ For full listing, see printed catalogue.
+ Latin
+
+
+ (fol. 104v)
+ Pauline Epistles
+ Extract from Romans.
Latin
+ -dinem. Quarti
- parchment
+ parchment; sometimes remnants of medieval repair (stitching holes). Bookmarks made of red-coloured leather strips, glued to both sides of the outer margins of fols 29, 59 & 90 (the latter two damaged), to distinguish (fol. 29) winter- from summertime and to mark the beginning of (fol. 59) Sanctorale and (fol. 90) Communale. (fol. 103v) One, (fol. 104r & v) two small rust marks at the centre of the outer margin, from the fore-edge catch or anchor plate of a previous binding.
+ i (17th-cent.) + 109 + i (17th-cent.) leaves
+
+ : c.190–93
+ 125–31
+
+
+ i, 1–105, in modern (19th-cent.) pencil. The blanks between fols 89a & 90 originally unfoliated and are now numbered 89b to 89a.
+ i–iv 10 | v 8 | vi–viii 10 | ix & x 8 | xi 10 | xii 6-1.
+
+ Ruling in lead point; two columns of 32–40, mostly 39 lines. Ruled space
+ c.146–54
+ 91–95
+
+
+
+ German textualis, s. xiv1, by four hands: 1) (fols 1ra–8ra, l. 26); 2) (fols 8ra, l. 27–9vb, l. 3; 22vb, l. 32–73rb); 3) (fols 9vb, l. 4–22vb, l. 31); 4) (fols 73va–89avb, 90ra–103rb). (fols 103va–104rb) Item 2: addition in a contemporary hand. (fol. 104v) Item 3: written in bastarda s. xv, in a hand from the Mainz Charterhouse.
+ Coloured initials in red; (fol. 1ra) secondarily decorated with fleuronnée.
+ Rubrication.
+
+
+ Brown tanned calf over laminated pulpboard for Archbp. Laud, 1637–1639
+
+
- 16th century
+ 14th century, second half
+ Germany
+
+ Mainz, Carthusian abbey of St Michael : the late 14th-cent. ex-libris inscription at the upper margin of fol. 1r, following the title, and framed: ‘... et est carthusiensium moguncie’, and the 15th-cent. ex-libris inscription at the upper margin of fol. 104v: ‘Iste liber est fratrum Cartusiensium prope Magunciam’.
+ William Laud, 1573–1645 : Ex-libris, dated 1638, at the lower margin of fol. i verso.
+ Given to the Bodleian as part of his third donation, dispatched on 28 June 1639.
- [Summary description](https://medieval.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/about) abbreviated from the Quarto Catalogue (H. O. Coxe, Laudian Manuscripts , Quarto Catalogues II, repr. with corrections, 1969, from the original ed. of 1858–1885).
+ See above. Previously described in the Quarto Catalogue (H. O. Coxe, Laudian Manuscripts , Quarto Catalogues II, repr. with corrections, 1969, from the original ed. of 1858–1885).
Quarto Catalogue, col. 344
Summary Catalogue, vol. 2, part 1, p. 44
@@ -77,6 +135,7 @@
+ Description revised for Mainz digitization project to include additional information from Mairhofer catalogue.
First online publication.
James Cummings Up-converted the markup using [https://github.com/jamescummings/Bodleian-msDesc-ODD/blob/master/convertTolkien2Bodley.xsl](https://github.com/jamescummings/Bodleian-msDesc-ODD/blob/master/convertTolkien2Bodley.xsl)
diff --git a/collections/Laud_Misc/MS_Laud_Misc_473.xml b/collections/Laud_Misc/MS_Laud_Misc_473.xml
index 7166d77cf4..bf386dfa7c 100644
--- a/collections/Laud_Misc/MS_Laud_Misc_473.xml
+++ b/collections/Laud_Misc/MS_Laud_Misc_473.xml
@@ -7,10 +7,13 @@
MS. Laud Misc. 473
MSS. Laud Misc. (Laud miscellaneous)
-
- Summary description
- Elizabeth Solopova
- Matthew Holford
+
+ Cataloguer
+ Daniela Mairhofer
+
+
+ Abbreviation and encoding
+ Alison Ray
@@ -37,44 +40,121 @@
1046
+ Hugo Ripelinus, Compendium theologicae veritatis; Medela animae vulneratae, etc. Northern France (Paris?), s. xiv2/4.
+ This description is abbreviated from Daniela Mairhofer, Medieval Manuscripts from the Mainz Charterhouse in the Bodleian Library, Oxford: A Descriptive Catalogue (Oxford, 2018), pp. 1217–1225. For purposes of scholarly citation, reference to the printed catalogue is requested.
+ (fol. 1ra–rb)
+ Later added notes, see printed catalogue for full description.
+ Latin
+
+
+ (fols 2va–149vb)
Hugo Ripelinus
Compendium ueritatis theologicae
+ With prologue (pr.: GW 596–611; ed.: AMO 34 (1895) 1–261; – Little 269 (anonymous); Glorieux, Rép., 6dq & 14fc; Stegmüller, RS, 368, citing the present MS.; Distelbrink 75; Kaeppeli 1982, citing the present MS.; Mohan 485*; Bloomfield 1537, 6399, citing the present MS. (incorrect folio nos), and suppl.; Steer, Hugo Ripelin, with a list of MSS at pp. 47–146, this copy at p. 116 (no. 322)).
+ (fol. 2va) list of chapter titles to bks 1–7.
Latin
-
+
+ (fols 150ra–165va)
Medella animae vulnerate
- (treatise on penance)
+ Treatise on penance, with prologue (Little 122, citing the present MS.; Michaud-Quantin, Sommes, 92 (& 118, index) (‘Medicina animae vulneratae’); Hauréau, Initia, 3. 161va, this copy only; Bloomfield 2652, this copy).
+ Latin
+
+
+ (fol. 165va–vb)
+ Theological treatise
+ De utilitate et merito taciturnitatis.
+ Latin
+
+
+ (fols 165vb–166ra)
+ Sermon
+ Sermo de Nativitate christi..
+ Latin
+
+
+ (fol. 166ra–rb)
+ Theological treatise
+ De forma Christi (ed. E. v. Dobschütz, Christusbilder. Untersuchungen zur christlichen Legende, Texte und Untersuchungen zur Geschichte der altchristlichen Literatur NF 3, H. 1/2 (Leipzig, 1899) 319** (a); cf. Vienna, ÖnB, Cod. Ser. n. 509, De dispositione Iesu Christi (Hauréau, Initia, 4. 15vb)).
+ Latin
+
+
+ (fol. 166rb–va)
+ Theological treatise
+ De forma beatae virginis.
+ Latin
+
+
+ (fols 166va–172rb)
+ Theological treatise
+ De modo remissionis.
+ Latin
+
+
+ (fol. 172rb–vb)
+ Peter Lombard
+ Sententiarum libri IV
+ 4. 11. 5 & 6 and 12. 4, excerpt (ed.: PL 192. 864 (fol. 172rb–va, l. 31) & 866 (fol. 172va, l. 32–vb); ed. I. Brady, Spicilegium Bonaventurianum 5 (Grottaferrata, 31981) 302, l. 8–303, l. 12; 308, ll. 6–11).
+ Latin
+
+
+ (fols 173ra–178vb)
+ Table of contents to Item 2.
Latin
+ uoluntate. De (fol. 3ra)
- parchment
+ parchment; (fol. 4) the lower right-hand corner repaired, before the decoration was inserted, (fol. 179) the lower margin. Bookmarks to items 2 (and to bks 2–7), 3 & 10: parchment strips, glued to both sides of the outer margins of fols 3, 24, 43, 64, 83, 112, 134 (broken off), 150 & 173.
+ i (17th-cent.) + 180 + i (17th-cent.) leaves
+
+ : c.181–89
+ 127–32
+
+
+ i, 1–181, in modern (19th-cent.) pencil.
+ i 1+12 | ii 12 | iii 14 | iv–x 12 | xi 14 | xii & xiii 12 | xiv 12-1 (?) | xv 10-2 (?).
+
+ Ruling in ink, two columns of (quires i–xiii) 33, (quires xiv & xv) 37 lines. Ruled space
+ c.133–40
+ 92–96
+
+
+
+ (fols 2v ff.) French textualis, s. xiv2/4, by a single hand. Marginal annotations and corrections in several hands of s. xv; some of these are Carthusian, from Mainz.
Under French influence. [Pächt and Alexander](https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/000468709) i. 135:
- Fine borders.
- Fine historiated initials,
- Fine fleuronnée initials,
+ Decorated borders in red and blue; (fol. 4ra) illuminated border with floral decorations and animal grotesques.
+ (fol. 4ra) historiated initial in rose and gold, with depiction of a man reading.
+ Fleuronnée initials in red and blue.
+ Coloured initials in red and blue.
+
+
+ Brown tanned calf over laminated pulpboard for Archbp. Laud, 1637–1639
+
+
- 14th century, beginning
-
- German , West
-
+ 14th century, second quarter
+ France , North (Paris ?).
+ Mainz, Carthusian abbey of St Michael : the 15th-cent. ex-libris inscription at the upper margin of fol. 2r: ‘Iste liber est fratrum Cartusiensium prope moguntiam’.
+ William Laud, 1573–1645 : Ex-libris, dated 1638, at the lower margin of fol. 3r.
+ Given to the Bodleian as part of his third donation, dispatched on 28 June 1639.
- [Summary description](https://medieval.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/about) abbreviated from the Quarto Catalogue (H. O. Coxe, Laudian Manuscripts , Quarto Catalogues II, repr. with corrections, 1969, from the original ed. of 1858–1885). Decoration, localization and date follow Pächt and Alexander (1966).
+ See above. Previously described in the Quarto Catalogue (H. O. Coxe, Laudian Manuscripts , Quarto Catalogues II, repr. with corrections, 1969, from the original ed. of 1858–1885). Decoration further described in Pächt and Alexander (1966).
Quarto Catalogue, col. 344
Summary Catalogue, vol. 2, part 1, p. 44
@@ -92,6 +172,7 @@
+ Description revised for Mainz digitization project to include additional information from Mairhofer catalogue.
First online publication.
James Cummings Up-converted the markup using [https://github.com/jamescummings/Bodleian-msDesc-ODD/blob/master/convertTolkien2Bodley.xsl](https://github.com/jamescummings/Bodleian-msDesc-ODD/blob/master/convertTolkien2Bodley.xsl)
diff --git a/works.xml b/works.xml
index 1718fe84bf..ec81a12a94 100644
--- a/works.xml
+++ b/works.xml
@@ -127,6 +127,12 @@
+
+ Odo, Saint, Abbot of Cluny, approximately 879–942
+ Odo, Saint, Abbot of Cluny, approximately 879–942: Epitome Moralium s. Gregorii in Iob [Latin]
+
+
+
Bonaventure, Saint, Cardinal, approximately 1217–1274, pseudo
Bonaventure, Saint, Cardinal, approximately 1217–1274, pseudo: Compendium de virtute humilitatis [Latin]