feat(eks): support eks with k8s 1.31

[pahud]

Issue # (if applicable)

Closes #31695

Reason for this change

• Similar to feat(eks): support for Kubernetes version 1.30 #30454, this PR adds 1.31 support.
• Update all existing integ tests for V1_30 and make sure they deploy with V1_31.

Description of changes

Description of how you validated changes

import * as ec2 from 'aws-cdk-lib/aws-ec2';
import * as iam from 'aws-cdk-lib/aws-iam';
import { App, Stack, StackProps } from 'aws-cdk-lib';
import { KubectlV31Layer } from '@aws-cdk/lambda-layer-kubectl-v31';
import * as eks from 'aws-cdk-lib/aws-eks';
import { Construct } from 'constructs';

export class EksClusterLatestVersion extends Stack {
  constructor(scope: Construct, id: string, props: StackProps) {
    super(scope, id, props);

    const vpc = new ec2.Vpc(this, 'Vpc', { natGateways: 1 });
    const mastersRole = new iam.Role(this, 'Role', {
      assumedBy: new iam.AccountRootPrincipal(),
    });

    new eks.Cluster(this, 'Cluster', {
      vpc,
      mastersRole,
      version: eks.KubernetesVersion.V1_31,
      kubectlLayer: new KubectlV31Layer(this, 'KubectlLayer'),
      defaultCapacity: 1,
    });
  }
}

const app = new App();
new EksClusterLatestVersion(app, 'v31-stack', {
  env: {
    account: process.env.CDK_DEFAULT_ACCOUNT,
    region: process.env.CDK_DEFAULT_REGION,
  },
})

verify

$ kubectl get no
NAME                           STATUS   ROLES    AGE     VERSION
ip-10-0-183-173.ec2.internal   Ready    <none>   4m25s   v1.31.0-eks-a737599

Checklist

• My code adheres to the CONTRIBUTING GUIDE and DESIGN GUIDELINES

---

By submitting this pull request, I confirm that my contribution is made under the terms of the Apache-2.0 license

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AWS CodeBuild CI Report

• CodeBuild project: AutoBuildv2Project1C6BFA3F-wQm2hXv2jqQv
• Commit ID: 6d349e4
• Result: SUCCEEDED
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