Surface dedicated errors for .python-version conflict with `require…

…s-python` (#7218)

## Summary

I got confused because I had a `.python-version` file that conflicted
with my `requires-python`.

crates/uv-python/src/version_files.rs

@@ -129,6 +129,12 @@ impl PythonVersionFile {
         &self.path
     }
 
+    /// Return the file name of the version file (guaranteed to be one of `.python-version` or
+    /// `.python-versions`).
+    pub fn file_name(&self) -> &str {
+        self.path.file_name().unwrap().to_str().unwrap()
+    }
+
     /// Set the versions for the file.
     #[must_use]
     pub fn with_versions(self, versions: Vec<PythonRequest>) -> Self {

crates/uv/src/commands/project/mod.rs

@@ -63,11 +63,36 @@ pub(crate) enum ProjectError {
     #[error("The current Python platform is not compatible with the lockfile's supported environments: {0}")]
     LockedPlatformIncompatibility(String),
 
-    #[error("The requested Python interpreter ({0}) is incompatible with the project Python requirement: `{1}`")]
+    #[error("The requested interpreter resolved to Python {0}, which is incompatible with the project's Python requirement: `{1}`")]
     RequestedPythonIncompatibility(Version, RequiresPython),
 
-    #[error("The requested Python interpreter ({0}) is incompatible with the project Python requirement: `{1}`. However, a workspace member (`{member}`) supports Python {3}. To install the workspace member on its own, navigate to `{path}`, then run `{venv}` followed by `{install}`.", member = _2.cyan(), venv = format!("uv venv --python {_0}").green(), install = "uv pip install -e .".green(), path = _4.user_display().cyan() )]
-    RequestedMemberPythonIncompatibility(
+    #[error("The Python request from `{0}` resolved to Python {1}, which incompatible with the project's Python requirement: `{2}`")]
+    DotPythonVersionPythonIncompatibility(String, Version, RequiresPython),
+
+    #[error("The resolved Python interpreter (Python {0}) is incompatible with the project's Python requirement: `{1}`")]
+    RequiresPythonIncompatibility(Version, RequiresPython),
+
+    #[error("The requested interpreter resolved to Python {0}, which is incompatible with the project's Python requirement: `{1}`. However, a workspace member (`{member}`) supports Python {3}. To install the workspace member on its own, navigate to `{path}`, then run `{venv}` followed by `{install}`.", member = _2.cyan(), venv = format!("uv venv --python {_0}").green(), install = "uv pip install -e .".green(), path = _4.user_display().cyan() )]
+    RequestedMemberIncompatibility(
+        Version,
+        RequiresPython,
+        PackageName,
+        VersionSpecifiers,
+        PathBuf,
+    ),
+
+    #[error("The Python request from `{0}` resolved to Python {1}, which incompatible with the project's Python requirement: `{2}`. However, a workspace member (`{member}`) supports Python {4}. To install the workspace member on its own, navigate to `{path}`, then run `{venv}` followed by `{install}`.", member = _3.cyan(), venv = format!("uv venv --python {_1}").green(), install = "uv pip install -e .".green(), path = _5.user_display().cyan() )]
+    DotPythonVersionMemberIncompatibility(
+        String,
+        Version,
+        RequiresPython,
+        PackageName,
+        VersionSpecifiers,
+        PathBuf,
+    ),
+
+    #[error("The resolved Python interpreter (Python {0}) is incompatible with the project's Python requirement: `{1}`. However, a workspace member (`{member}`) supports Python {3}. To install the workspace member on its own, navigate to `{path}`, then run `{venv}` followed by `{install}`.", member = _2.cyan(), venv = format!("uv venv --python {_0}").green(), install = "uv pip install -e .".green(), path = _4.user_display().cyan() )]
+    RequiresPythonMemberIncompatibility(
         Version,
         RequiresPython,
         PackageName,
@@ -161,38 +186,75 @@ pub(crate) fn validate_requires_python(
     interpreter: &Interpreter,
     workspace: &Workspace,
     requires_python: &RequiresPython,
+    source: &WorkspacePythonSource,
 ) -> Result<(), ProjectError> {
-    if !requires_python.contains(interpreter.python_version()) {
-        // If the Python version is compatible with one of the workspace _members_, raise
-        // a dedicated error. For example, if the workspace root requires Python >=3.12, but
-        // a library in the workspace is compatible with Python >=3.8, the user may attempt
-        // to sync on Python 3.8. This will fail, but we should provide a more helpful error
-        // message.
-        for (name, member) in workspace.packages() {
-            let Some(project) = member.pyproject_toml().project.as_ref() else {
-                continue;
-            };
-            let Some(specifiers) = project.requires_python.as_ref() else {
-                continue;
+    if requires_python.contains(interpreter.python_version()) {
+        return Ok(());
+    }
+
+    // If the Python version is compatible with one of the workspace _members_, raise
+    // a dedicated error. For example, if the workspace root requires Python >=3.12, but
+    // a library in the workspace is compatible with Python >=3.8, the user may attempt
+    // to sync on Python 3.8. This will fail, but we should provide a more helpful error
+    // message.
+    for (name, member) in workspace.packages() {
+        let Some(project) = member.pyproject_toml().project.as_ref() else {
+            continue;
+        };
+        let Some(specifiers) = project.requires_python.as_ref() else {
+            continue;
+        };
+        if specifiers.contains(interpreter.python_version()) {
+            return match source {
+                WorkspacePythonSource::UserRequest => {
+                    Err(ProjectError::RequestedMemberIncompatibility(
+                        interpreter.python_version().clone(),
+                        requires_python.clone(),
+                        name.clone(),
+                        specifiers.clone(),
+                        member.root().clone(),
+                    ))
+                }
+                WorkspacePythonSource::DotPythonVersion(file) => {
+                    Err(ProjectError::DotPythonVersionMemberIncompatibility(
+                        file.to_string(),
+                        interpreter.python_version().clone(),
+                        requires_python.clone(),
+                        name.clone(),
+                        specifiers.clone(),
+                        member.root().clone(),
+                    ))
+                }
+                WorkspacePythonSource::RequiresPython => {
+                    Err(ProjectError::RequiresPythonMemberIncompatibility(
+                        interpreter.python_version().clone(),
+                        requires_python.clone(),
+                        name.clone(),
+                        specifiers.clone(),
+                        member.root().clone(),
+                    ))
+                }
             };
-            if specifiers.contains(interpreter.python_version()) {
-                return Err(ProjectError::RequestedMemberPythonIncompatibility(
-                    interpreter.python_version().clone(),
-                    requires_python.clone(),
-                    name.clone(),
-                    specifiers.clone(),
-                    member.root().clone(),
-                ));
-            }
         }
+    }
 
-        return Err(ProjectError::RequestedPythonIncompatibility(
+    match source {
+        WorkspacePythonSource::UserRequest => Err(ProjectError::RequestedPythonIncompatibility(
+            interpreter.python_version().clone(),
+            requires_python.clone(),
+        )),
+        WorkspacePythonSource::DotPythonVersion(file) => {
+            Err(ProjectError::DotPythonVersionPythonIncompatibility(
+                file.to_string(),
+                interpreter.python_version().clone(),
+                requires_python.clone(),
+            ))
+        }
+        WorkspacePythonSource::RequiresPython => Err(ProjectError::RequiresPythonIncompatibility(
             interpreter.python_version().clone(),
             requires_python.clone(),
-        ));
+        )),
     }
-
-    Ok(())
 }
 
 /// Find the virtual environment for the current project.
@@ -210,9 +272,21 @@ pub(crate) enum FoundInterpreter {
     Environment(PythonEnvironment),
 }
 
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+pub(crate) enum WorkspacePythonSource {
+    /// The request was provided by the user.
+    UserRequest,
+    /// The request was inferred from a `.python-version` or `.python-versions` file.
+    DotPythonVersion(String),
+    /// The request was inferred from a `pyproject.toml` file.
+    RequiresPython,
+}
+
 /// The resolved Python request and requirement for a [`Workspace`].
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
 pub(crate) struct WorkspacePython {
+    /// The source of the Python request.
+    source: WorkspacePythonSource,
     /// The resolved Python request, computed by considering (1) any explicit request from the user
     /// via `--python`, (2) any implicit request from the user via `.python-version`, and (3) any
     /// `Requires-Python` specifier in the `pyproject.toml`.
@@ -230,25 +304,32 @@ impl WorkspacePython {
     ) -> Result<Self, ProjectError> {
         let requires_python = find_requires_python(workspace)?;
 
-        // (1) Explicit request from user
-        let python_request = if let Some(request) = python_request {
-            Some(request)
-            // (2) Request from `.python-version`
-        } else if let Some(request) =
-            PythonVersionFile::discover(workspace.install_path(), false, false)
-                .await?
-                .and_then(PythonVersionFile::into_version)
+        let (source, python_request) = if let Some(request) = python_request {
+            // (1) Explicit request from user
+            let source = WorkspacePythonSource::UserRequest;
+            let request = Some(request);
+            (source, request)
+        } else if let Some(file) =
+            PythonVersionFile::discover(workspace.install_path(), false, false).await?
         {
-            Some(request)
-            // (3) `Requires-Python` in `pyproject.toml`
+            // (2) Request from `.python-version`
+            let source = WorkspacePythonSource::DotPythonVersion(file.file_name().to_string());
+            let request = file.into_version();
+            (source, request)
         } else {
-            requires_python
+            // (3) `Requires-Python` in `pyproject.toml`
+            let request = requires_python
                 .as_ref()
                 .map(RequiresPython::specifiers)
-                .map(|specifiers| PythonRequest::Version(VersionRequest::Range(specifiers.clone())))
+                .map(|specifiers| {
+                    PythonRequest::Version(VersionRequest::Range(specifiers.clone()))
+                });
+            let source = WorkspacePythonSource::RequiresPython;
+            (source, request)
         };
 
         Ok(Self {
+            source,
             python_request,
             requires_python,
         })
@@ -269,6 +350,7 @@ impl FoundInterpreter {
     ) -> Result<Self, ProjectError> {
         // Resolve the Python request and requirement for the workspace.
         let WorkspacePython {
+            source,
             python_request,
             requires_python,
         } = WorkspacePython::from_request(python_request, workspace).await?;
@@ -346,7 +428,7 @@ impl FoundInterpreter {
         }
 
         if let Some(requires_python) = requires_python.as_ref() {
-            validate_requires_python(&interpreter, workspace, requires_python)?;
+            validate_requires_python(&interpreter, workspace, requires_python, &source)?;
         }
 
         Ok(Self::Interpreter(interpreter))

crates/uv/src/commands/project/run.rs

@@ -358,6 +358,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn run(
 
                 // Resolve the Python request and requirement for the workspace.
                 let WorkspacePython {
+                    source,
                     python_request,
                     requires_python,
                 } = WorkspacePython::from_request(
@@ -379,7 +380,12 @@ pub(crate) async fn run(
                 .into_interpreter();
 
                 if let Some(requires_python) = requires_python.as_ref() {
-                    validate_requires_python(&interpreter, project.workspace(), requires_python)?;
+                    validate_requires_python(
+                        &interpreter,
+                        project.workspace(),
+                        requires_python,
+                        &source,
+                    )?;
                 }
 
                 // Create a virtual environment

crates/uv/tests/lock.rs

@@ -12581,3 +12581,50 @@ fn lock_strip_fragment() -> Result<()> {
 
     Ok(())
 }
+
+#[test]
+fn lock_request_requires_python() -> Result<()> {
+    let context = TestContext::new("3.12");
+
+    let pyproject_toml = context.temp_dir.child("pyproject.toml");
+    pyproject_toml.write_str(
+        r#"
+        [project]
+        name = "project"
+        version = "0.1.0"
+        requires-python = ">=3.8, <=3.10"
+        dependencies = ["iniconfig"]
+
+        [build-system]
+        requires = ["setuptools>=42"]
+        build-backend = "setuptools.build_meta"
+        "#,
+    )?;
+
+    // Request a version that conflicts with `--requires-python`.
+    uv_snapshot!(context.filters(), context.lock().arg("--python").arg("3.12"), @r###"
+    success: false
+    exit_code: 2
+    ----- stdout -----
+
+    ----- stderr -----
+    Using Python 3.12.[X] interpreter at: [PYTHON-3.12]
+    error: The requested interpreter resolved to Python 3.12.[X], which is incompatible with the project's Python requirement: `>=3.8, <=3.10`
+    "###);
+
+    // Add a `.python-version` file that conflicts.
+    let python_version = context.temp_dir.child(".python-version");
+    python_version.write_str("3.12")?;
+
+    uv_snapshot!(context.filters(), context.lock(), @r###"
+    success: false
+    exit_code: 2
+    ----- stdout -----
+
+    ----- stderr -----
+    Using Python 3.12.[X] interpreter at: [PYTHON-3.12]
+    error: The Python request from `.python-version` resolved to Python 3.12.[X], which incompatible with the project's Python requirement: `>=3.8, <=3.10`
+    "###);
+
+    Ok(())
+}

crates/uv/tests/run.rs

@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ fn run_with_python_version() -> Result<()> {
 
     ----- stderr -----
     Using Python 3.8.[X] interpreter at: [PYTHON-3.8]
-    error: The requested Python interpreter (3.8.[X]) is incompatible with the project Python requirement: `>=3.11, <4`
+    error: The requested interpreter resolved to Python 3.8.[X], which is incompatible with the project's Python requirement: `>=3.11, <4`
     "###);
 
     Ok(())
@@ -1657,7 +1657,7 @@ fn run_isolated_incompatible_python() -> Result<()> {
 
     ----- stderr -----
     Using Python 3.8.[X] interpreter at: [PYTHON-3.8]
-    error: The requested Python interpreter (3.8.[X]) is incompatible with the project Python requirement: `>=3.12`
+    error: The Python request from `.python-version` resolved to Python 3.8.[X], which incompatible with the project's Python requirement: `>=3.12`
     "###);
 
     // ...even if `--isolated` is provided.
@@ -1667,7 +1667,7 @@ fn run_isolated_incompatible_python() -> Result<()> {
     ----- stdout -----
 
     ----- stderr -----
-    error: The requested Python interpreter (3.8.[X]) is incompatible with the project Python requirement: `>=3.12`
+    error: The Python request from `.python-version` resolved to Python 3.8.[X], which incompatible with the project's Python requirement: `>=3.12`
     "###);
 
     Ok(())

crates/uv/tests/sync.rs

@@ -378,7 +378,7 @@ fn mixed_requires_python() -> Result<()> {
 
     ----- stderr -----
     Using Python 3.8.[X] interpreter at: [PYTHON-3.8]
-    error: The requested Python interpreter (3.8.[X]) is incompatible with the project Python requirement: `>=3.12`. However, a workspace member (`bird-feeder`) supports Python >=3.8. To install the workspace member on its own, navigate to `packages/bird-feeder`, then run `uv venv --python 3.8.[X]` followed by `uv pip install -e .`.
+    error: The requested interpreter resolved to Python 3.8.[X], which is incompatible with the project's Python requirement: `>=3.12`. However, a workspace member (`bird-feeder`) supports Python >=3.8. To install the workspace member on its own, navigate to `packages/bird-feeder`, then run `uv venv --python 3.8.[X]` followed by `uv pip install -e .`.
     "###);
 
     Ok(())