[fix](bloom filter)Fix drop column with bloom filter (#41369)

fe/fe-core/src/main/java/org/apache/doris/alter/SchemaChangeHandler.java

@@ -411,6 +411,18 @@ private boolean processDropColumn(DropColumnClause alterClause, OlapTable olapTa
                 throw new DdlException("Column does not exists: " + dropColName);
             }
 
+            // drop bloom filter column
+            Set<String> bfCols = olapTable.getCopiedBfColumns();
+            if (bfCols != null) {
+                Set<String> newBfCols = new HashSet<>();
+                for (String bfCol : bfCols) {
+                    if (!bfCol.equalsIgnoreCase(dropColName)) {
+                        newBfCols.add(bfCol);
+                    }
+                }
+                olapTable.setBloomFilterInfo(newBfCols, olapTable.getBfFpp());
+            }
+
             for (int i = 1; i < indexIds.size(); i++) {
                 List<Column> rollupSchema = indexSchemaMap.get(indexIds.get(i));
                 Iterator<Column> iter = rollupSchema.iterator();

regression-test/data/bloom_filter_p0/test_bloom_filter_drop_column.out

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+-- This file is automatically generated. You should know what you did if you want to edit this
+-- !select --
+1	1
+
+-- !select --
+1	\N
+2	\N
+

regression-test/suites/bloom_filter_p0/test_bloom_filter_drop_column.groovy

@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+suite("test_bloom_filter_drop_column") {
+    def table_name = "test_bloom_filter_drop_column"
+
+    sql """drop TABLE if exists ${table_name}"""
+
+    sql """CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS ${table_name} (
+      `a` varchar(150) NULL,
+      `c1` varchar(10)
+    ) ENGINE=OLAP
+    DUPLICATE KEY(`a`)
+    DISTRIBUTED BY HASH(`a`) BUCKETS 1
+    PROPERTIES (
+    "replication_allocation" = "tag.location.default: 1",
+    "bloom_filter_columns" = "c1",
+    "in_memory" = "false",
+    "storage_format" = "V2"
+    )"""
+
+    sql """INSERT INTO ${table_name} values ('1', '1')"""
+
+    qt_select """select * from ${table_name} order by a"""
+
+    // drop column c1
+    sql """ALTER TABLE ${table_name} DROP COLUMN c1"""
+    // show create table
+    def res = sql """SHOW CREATE TABLE ${table_name}"""
+    assert res[0][1].contains("\"bloom_filter_columns\" = \"\"")
+
+    // add new column c1
+    sql """ALTER TABLE ${table_name} ADD COLUMN c1 ARRAY<STRING>"""
+    // insert data
+    sql """INSERT INTO ${table_name} values ('2', null)"""
+    // select data
+    qt_select """select * from ${table_name} order by a"""
+}