diff --git a/ci/docker/conda-python.dockerfile b/ci/docker/conda-python.dockerfile
index 3897a7217d975..c08b69e6ef813 100644
--- a/ci/docker/conda-python.dockerfile
+++ b/ci/docker/conda-python.dockerfile
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ COPY ci/conda_env_python.txt \
 RUN mamba install -q -y \
         --file arrow/ci/conda_env_python.txt \
         $([ "$python" == $(gdb --batch --eval-command 'python import sys; print(f"{sys.version_info.major}.{sys.version_info.minor}")') ] && echo "gdb") \
-        "python=${python}.*=*_cpython" \
+        "python=${python}.*=*_cp*" \
         nomkl && \
     mamba clean --all
 
diff --git a/dev/tasks/tasks.yml b/dev/tasks/tasks.yml
index d7ea2fd85014e..9137181466383 100644
--- a/dev/tasks/tasks.yml
+++ b/dev/tasks/tasks.yml
@@ -1208,7 +1208,7 @@ tasks:
         UBUNTU: 22.04
       image: ubuntu-cpp-emscripten
 
-{% for python_version in ["3.9", "3.10", "3.11", "3.12"] %}
+{% for python_version in ["3.9", "3.10", "3.11", "3.12", "3.13"] %}
   test-conda-python-{{ python_version }}:
     ci: github
     template: docker-tests/github.linux.yml