Investigate using Docker Bake to build Antrea image chain

[antoninbas]

Bake a feature of Docker Buildx that lets you define your build configuration using a declarative file, as opposed to specifying a complex CLI expression.

It may be a good alternative to our multiple build scripts (e.g., https://github.com/antrea-io/antrea/blob/main/hack/build-antrea-linux-all.sh). Using Bake could also help avoid issues such as this one: #6559, as when building a new image you retain access to previous images (targets) built in the same bake invokation.

Some things to look into:

• version requirements to run Bake (all the docker versions we use in CI may not support it).
• multi-platform support (see also Migrate Arm image building and testing to this repo #6453): can we build the image "chain" for different architectures on different machines, then create a multi-platform manifest? We would want to push a multi-platform manifest for each image in the chain.
• does registry-based caching work well, to enable fast local and CI builds? Unlikely to be an issue.
• can we use it to build the antrea-agent Windows image as well?

[github-actions]

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