Passing args of failed validator as attributes on Errors

[ek5000]

This is actually pretty closely related to #53, and may even be a duplicate of
that issue. When using a core validator, there is no way to get back to the
original attributes. For our use case, we actually want the metadata, rather
than an actual message. There are a couple of workarounds, such as the
following

from voluptuous import Invalid, Range, Schema

s = Schema(Range(0, 10, msg={'min': 0, 'max': 10}))
try:
  s(42)
except Invalid as e:
  print(e.msg['min'], e.msg['max']) # 0 10

However, this feels like it should be more core than that. I could submit a PR,
that updates most of the validator/invalid pairs to be like the following.

from voluptuous import Invalid, MultipleInvalid, Schema

class RangeInvalid(Invalid):
    """The value is not in given range."""
    def __init__(self, message, min=None, max=None, min_included=None, max_included=None, *args, **kwargs):
        super(RangeInvalid, self).__init__(message, *args, **kwargs)
        self.min = min
        self.max = max
        self.min_included = min_included
        self.max_included = max_included

class Range(object):
    def __init__(self, min=None, max=None, min_included=True, max_included=True, msg=None):
        self.min = min
        self.max = max
        self.min_included = min_included
        self.max_included = max_included
        self.msg = msg

    def __call__(self, v):
        if self.min_included:
            if self.min is not None and not v >= self.min:
                raise RangeInvalid(
                    self.msg or 'value must be at least %s' % self.min,
                    min=self.min,
                    max=self.max,
                    min_included=self.min_included,
                    max_included=self.max_included)
        else:
            if self.min is not None and not v > self.min:
                raise RangeInvalid(
                    self.msg or 'value must be higher than %s' % self.min,
                    min=self.min,
                    max=self.max,
                    min_included=self.min_included,
                    max_included=self.max_included)
        if self.max_included:
            if self.max is not None and not v <= self.max:
                raise RangeInvalid(
                    self.msg or 'value must be at most %s' % self.max,
                    min=self.min,
                    max=self.max,
                    min_included=self.min_included,
                    max_included=self.max_included)
        else:
            if self.max is not None and not v < self.max:
                raise RangeInvalid(
                    self.msg or 'value must be lower than %s' % self.max,
                    min=self.min,
                    max=self.max,
                    min_included=self.min_included,
                    max_included=self.max_included)
        return v

s = Schema(Range(0, 10))
try:
    s(42)
except MultipleInvalid as errors:
    e = errors.errors[0]
    print(e.min, e.max) # 0 10