From 19d8bff27515a6f299412828e61b311fa3f0d523 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Yao You Date: Tue, 3 Oct 2023 22:28:47 -0500 Subject: [PATCH] feat: change default hi_res model to yolox quantized (#1607) --- CHANGELOG.md | 5 +- .../partition/pdf-image/test_image.py | 2 +- .../partition/pdf-image/test_pdf.py | 4 +- test_unstructured/partition/test_auto.py | 3 +- ...iomedical-Data-Scientists-2-pages.pdf.json | 140 +- .../azure/IRS-form-1987.pdf.json | 1018 +++++-- .../azure/IRS-form-1987.png.json | 470 +++- .../biomed-api/65/11/main.PMC6312790.pdf.json | 1010 ++----- .../biomed-api/75/29/main.PMC6312793.pdf.json | 312 ++- .../07/07/sbaa031.073.PMC7234218.pdf.json | 22 +- .../layout-parser-paper.pdf.json | 752 ++++-- .../898538f2-26e1-4de7-81e6-354045d4d007.json | 28 + .../2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf.json | 2184 +++++---------- .../small-pdf-set/Silent-Giant-(1).pdf.json | 2378 +++-------------- .../recalibrating-risk-report.pdf.json | 790 ++---- unstructured/__version__.py | 2 +- unstructured/documents/elements.py | 3 +- unstructured/partition/pdf.py | 13 +- 18 files changed, 3587 insertions(+), 5549 deletions(-) create mode 100644 test_unstructured_ingest/expected-structured-output/notion/898538f2-26e1-4de7-81e6-354045d4d007.json diff --git a/CHANGELOG.md b/CHANGELOG.md index 09437d9523..8a1f7b1110 100644 --- a/CHANGELOG.md +++ b/CHANGELOG.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -## 0.10.19-dev9 +## 0.10.19-dev10 ### Enhancements @@ -8,8 +8,7 @@ * **Adds data source properties to SharePoint, Outlook, Onedrive, Reddit, and Slack connectors** These properties (date_created, date_modified, version, source_url, record_locator) are written to element metadata during ingest, mapping elements to information about the document source from which they derive. This functionality enables downstream applications to reveal source document applications, e.g. a link to a GDrive doc, Salesforce record, etc. * **Adds Table support for the `add_chunking_strategy` decorator to partition functions.** In addition to combining elements under Title elements, user's can now specify the `max_characters=` argument to chunk Table elements into TableChunk elements with `text` and `text_as_html` of length characters. This means partitioned Table results are ready for use in downstream applications without any post processing. * **Expose endpoint url for s3 connectors** By allowing for the endpoint url to be explicitly overwritten, this allows for any non-AWS data providers supporting the s3 protocol to be supported (i.e. minio). - -### Features +* **change default `hi_res` model for pdf/image partition to `yolox`** Now partitioning pdf/image using `hi_res` strategy utilizes `yolox_quantized` model isntead of `detectron2_onnx` model. This new default model has better recall for tables and produces more detailed categories for elements. ### Features diff --git a/test_unstructured/partition/pdf-image/test_image.py b/test_unstructured/partition/pdf-image/test_image.py index 721eed64dd..bdbb24df8f 100644 --- a/test_unstructured/partition/pdf-image/test_image.py +++ b/test_unstructured/partition/pdf-image/test_image.py @@ -440,7 +440,7 @@ def test_partition_image_formats_languages_for_tesseract(): ocr_languages="jpn_vert", ocr_mode="entire_page", extract_tables=False, - model_name="detectron2_onnx", + model_name=pdf.default_hi_res_model(), ) diff --git a/test_unstructured/partition/pdf-image/test_pdf.py b/test_unstructured/partition/pdf-image/test_pdf.py index 37af371598..b33b1ca337 100644 --- a/test_unstructured/partition/pdf-image/test_pdf.py +++ b/test_unstructured/partition/pdf-image/test_pdf.py @@ -407,7 +407,7 @@ def test_partition_pdf_with_dpi(): ocr_languages="eng", ocr_mode="entire_page", extract_tables=False, - model_name="detectron2_onnx", + model_name=pdf.default_hi_res_model(), pdf_image_dpi=100, ) @@ -858,7 +858,7 @@ def test_partition_pdf_formats_languages_for_tesseract(): ocr_languages="eng", ocr_mode="entire_page", extract_tables=False, - model_name="detectron2_onnx", + model_name=pdf.default_hi_res_model(), ) diff --git a/test_unstructured/partition/test_auto.py b/test_unstructured/partition/test_auto.py index a0c907aad3..e8404537c1 100644 --- a/test_unstructured/partition/test_auto.py +++ b/test_unstructured/partition/test_auto.py @@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ from unstructured.partition import auto from unstructured.partition.auto import _get_partition_with_extras, partition from unstructured.partition.common import convert_office_doc +from unstructured.partition.pdf import default_hi_res_model from unstructured.staging.base import elements_to_json DIRECTORY = pathlib.Path(__file__).parent.resolve() @@ -382,7 +383,7 @@ def test_auto_partition_formats_languages_for_tesseract(): ocr_languages="chi_sim+chi_sim_vert+chi_tra+chi_tra_vert", ocr_mode="entire_page", extract_tables=False, - model_name="detectron2_onnx", + model_name=default_hi_res_model(), ) diff --git a/test_unstructured_ingest/expected-structured-output/azure/Core-Skills-for-Biomedical-Data-Scientists-2-pages.pdf.json b/test_unstructured_ingest/expected-structured-output/azure/Core-Skills-for-Biomedical-Data-Scientists-2-pages.pdf.json index b37185fd27..79e18453bf 100644 --- a/test_unstructured_ingest/expected-structured-output/azure/Core-Skills-for-Biomedical-Data-Scientists-2-pages.pdf.json +++ b/test_unstructured_ingest/expected-structured-output/azure/Core-Skills-for-Biomedical-Data-Scientists-2-pages.pdf.json @@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ "text": "Lisa Federer, MLIS, Data Science Training Coordinator" }, { - "type": "Title", + "type": "NarrativeText", "element_id": "d9644fb4b85468d186b132c91ca64f31", "metadata": { "data_source": { @@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ }, { "type": "Title", - "element_id": "53d548aa01fc3eb72da15a5be7f235e2", + "element_id": "c8e51fdc53c202393adad77f7f93ee5a", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "abfs://container1/Core-Skills-for-Biomedical-Data-Scientists-2-pages.pdf", @@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ }, { "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "d94c6241299e6eff20ee6499cb9f64de", + "element_id": "04ff84b51fab69c07381ac794b740243", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "abfs://container1/Core-Skills-for-Biomedical-Data-Scientists-2-pages.pdf", @@ -130,11 +130,87 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 1 }, - "text": "1. General biomedical subject matter knowledge: biomedical data scientists should have a general working knowledge of the principles of biology, bioinformatics, and basic clinical science; 2. Programming language expertise: biomedical data scientists should be fluent in at least one programming language (typically R and/or Python); 3. Predictive analytics, modeling, and machine learning: while a range of statistical methods may be useful, predictive analytics, modeling, and machine learning emerged as especially important skills in biomedical data science; 4. Team science and scientific communication: “soft” skills, like the ability to work well on teams and communicate effectively in both verbal and written venues, may be as important as the more technical skills typically associated with data science. 5. Responsible data stewardship: a successful data scientist must be able to implement best practices for data management and stewardship, as well as conduct research in an ethical manner that maintains data security and privacy." + "text": "1. General biomedical subject matter knowledge: biomedical data scientists should have a general working knowledge of the principles of biology, bioinformatics, and basic clinical science;" }, { - "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "34b28172088bba51c6764df6d4e87674", + "type": "ListItem", + "element_id": "0b2857001b1a9eba5e46e26cba08e2ac", + "metadata": { + "data_source": { + "url": "abfs://container1/Core-Skills-for-Biomedical-Data-Scientists-2-pages.pdf", + "version": 167189396509615428390709838081557906335, + "record_locator": { + "protocol": "abfs", + "remote_file_path": "container1/Core-Skills-for-Biomedical-Data-Scientists-2-pages.pdf" + }, + "date_created": "2023-03-10T09:32:44+00:00", + "date_modified": "2023-03-10T09:32:44+00:00" + }, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 1 + }, + "text": "2. Programming language expertise: biomedical data scientists should be fluent in at least one programming language (typically R and/or Python);" + }, + { + "type": "ListItem", + "element_id": "8b02f539eb8ccee5b3fc24f66858188c", + "metadata": { + "data_source": { + "url": "abfs://container1/Core-Skills-for-Biomedical-Data-Scientists-2-pages.pdf", + "version": 167189396509615428390709838081557906335, + "record_locator": { + "protocol": "abfs", + "remote_file_path": "container1/Core-Skills-for-Biomedical-Data-Scientists-2-pages.pdf" + }, + "date_created": "2023-03-10T09:32:44+00:00", + "date_modified": "2023-03-10T09:32:44+00:00" + }, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 1 + }, + "text": "3. Predictive analytics, modeling, and machine learning: while a range of statistical methods may be useful, predictive analytics, modeling, and machine learning emerged as especially important skills in biomedical data science;" + }, + { + "type": "ListItem", + "element_id": "469e981f34d1e6f2b420574ed8e932d2", + "metadata": { + "data_source": { + "url": "abfs://container1/Core-Skills-for-Biomedical-Data-Scientists-2-pages.pdf", + "version": 167189396509615428390709838081557906335, + "record_locator": { + "protocol": "abfs", + "remote_file_path": "container1/Core-Skills-for-Biomedical-Data-Scientists-2-pages.pdf" + }, + "date_created": "2023-03-10T09:32:44+00:00", + "date_modified": "2023-03-10T09:32:44+00:00" + }, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 1 + }, + "text": "4. Team science and scientific communication: “soft” skills, like the ability to work well on teams and communicate effectively in both verbal and written venues, may be as important as the more technical skills typically associated with data science." + }, + { + "type": "ListItem", + "element_id": "4b8fc76cbba0e2fef79ff8bc668b1401", + "metadata": { + "data_source": { + "url": "abfs://container1/Core-Skills-for-Biomedical-Data-Scientists-2-pages.pdf", + "version": 167189396509615428390709838081557906335, + "record_locator": { + "protocol": "abfs", + "remote_file_path": "container1/Core-Skills-for-Biomedical-Data-Scientists-2-pages.pdf" + }, + "date_created": "2023-03-10T09:32:44+00:00", + "date_modified": "2023-03-10T09:32:44+00:00" + }, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 1 + }, + "text": "5. Responsible data stewardship: a successful data scientist must be able to implement best practices for data management and stewardship, as well as conduct research in an ethical manner that maintains data security and privacy." + }, + { + "type": "NarrativeText", + "element_id": "69da7754428f154ee3b2906214d31ad9", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "abfs://container1/Core-Skills-for-Biomedical-Data-Scientists-2-pages.pdf", @@ -153,7 +229,7 @@ }, { "type": "Title", - "element_id": "89b1f4c3df983454e25b233320781610", + "element_id": "37486ef32cbf05082d5dbff0581db762", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "abfs://container1/Core-Skills-for-Biomedical-Data-Scientists-2-pages.pdf", @@ -209,7 +285,7 @@ "text": "Core Skills for Biomedical Data Scientists _____________________________________________________________________________________________" }, { - "type": "Title", + "type": "NarrativeText", "element_id": "edd5f2f5a60a83c8899e533ac8bcd03c", "metadata": { "data_source": { @@ -247,7 +323,7 @@ "text": "Methodology" }, { - "type": "Title", + "type": "NarrativeText", "element_id": "987542acede56f098db655f02fb814a7", "metadata": { "data_source": { @@ -267,7 +343,7 @@ }, { "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "fdd38e2d80cc964e9bf3c7e09a760e21", + "element_id": "2e3cec7bff1e8c8d8e0087f0bcfa89f0", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "abfs://container1/Core-Skills-for-Biomedical-Data-Scientists-2-pages.pdf", @@ -282,10 +358,29 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 2 }, - "text": "a) Responses to a 2017 Kaggle' survey’ of over 16,000 self-identified data scientists working across many industries. Analysis of the Kaggle survey responses from the current data science workforce provided insights into the current generation of data scientists, including how they were trained and what programming and analysis skills they use. b) Data science skills taught in BD2K-funded training programs. A qualitative content analysis was applied to the descriptions of required courses offered under the 12 BD2kK-funded training programs. Each course was coded using qualitative data analysis software, with each skill that was present in the description counted once. The coding schema of data science-related skills was inductively developed and was organized into four major categories: (1) statistics and math skills; (2) computer science; (3) subject knowledge; (4) general skills, like communication and teamwork. The coding schema is detailed in Appendix A. c) Desired skills identified from data science-related job ads. 59 job ads from government (8.5%), academia (42.4%), industry (83.9%), and the nonprofit sector (15.3%) were sampled from websites like Glassdoor, Linkedin, and Ziprecruiter. The" + "text": "a) Responses to a 2017 Kaggle1 survey2 of over 16,000 self-identified data scientists working across many industries. Analysis of the Kaggle survey responses from the current data science workforce provided insights into the current generation of data scientists, including how they were trained and what programming and analysis skills they use." }, { - "type": "NarrativeText", + "type": "ListItem", + "element_id": "c6865d507571ccb14d37791134f27f61", + "metadata": { + "data_source": { + "url": "abfs://container1/Core-Skills-for-Biomedical-Data-Scientists-2-pages.pdf", + "version": 167189396509615428390709838081557906335, + "record_locator": { + "protocol": "abfs", + "remote_file_path": "container1/Core-Skills-for-Biomedical-Data-Scientists-2-pages.pdf" + }, + "date_created": "2023-03-10T09:32:44+00:00", + "date_modified": "2023-03-10T09:32:44+00:00" + }, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 2 + }, + "text": "b) Data science skills taught in BD2K-funded training programs. A qualitative content analysis was applied to the descriptions of required courses offered under the 12 BD2K-funded training programs. Each course was coded using qualitative data analysis software, with each skill that was present in the description counted once. The coding schema of data science-related skills was inductively developed and was organized into four major categories: (1) statistics and math skills; (2) computer science; (3) subject knowledge; (4) general skills, like communication and teamwork. The coding schema is detailed in Appendix A." + }, + { + "type": "ListItem", "element_id": "3f14cc0782485365bad0539f7b1bbb22", "metadata": { "data_source": { @@ -324,7 +419,7 @@ }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "8e6dc8d9bc74e032451cc1a6a0da4d10", + "element_id": "f39ddfa6365e505947527153b0ea60d8", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "abfs://container1/Core-Skills-for-Biomedical-Data-Scientists-2-pages.pdf", @@ -341,6 +436,25 @@ }, "text": "1 Kaggle is an online community for data scientists, serving as a platform for collaboration, competition, and learning: http://kaggle.com 2 In August 2017, Kaggle conducted an industry-wide survey to gain a clearer picture of the state of data science and machine learning. A standard set of questions were asked of all respondents, with more specific questions related to work for employed data scientists and questions related to learning for data scientists in training. Methodology and results: https://www.kaggle.com/kaggle/kaggle-survey-2017" }, + { + "type": "Footer", + "element_id": "d4735e3a265e16eee03f59718b9b5d03", + "metadata": { + "data_source": { + "url": "abfs://container1/Core-Skills-for-Biomedical-Data-Scientists-2-pages.pdf", + "version": 167189396509615428390709838081557906335, + "record_locator": { + "protocol": "abfs", + "remote_file_path": "container1/Core-Skills-for-Biomedical-Data-Scientists-2-pages.pdf" + }, + "date_created": "2023-03-10T09:32:44+00:00", + "date_modified": "2023-03-10T09:32:44+00:00" + }, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 2 + }, + "text": "2" + }, { "type": "UncategorizedText", "element_id": "d4735e3a265e16eee03f59718b9b5d03", diff --git a/test_unstructured_ingest/expected-structured-output/azure/IRS-form-1987.pdf.json b/test_unstructured_ingest/expected-structured-output/azure/IRS-form-1987.pdf.json index 9a30d93103..1aec242c3e 100644 --- a/test_unstructured_ingest/expected-structured-output/azure/IRS-form-1987.pdf.json +++ b/test_unstructured_ingest/expected-structured-output/azure/IRS-form-1987.pdf.json @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ [ { "type": "Title", - "element_id": "720a6f5640af3333283ae0a2b6ef5d4d", + "element_id": "8b115710b659086909de658b116dd719", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "abfs://container1/IRS-form-1987.pdf", @@ -16,11 +16,600 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 1 }, - "text": "a Department of the Treasury Internal Revenue Service" + "text": "a Department of the Treasury Internal Revenue Service Instructions for Form 3115 (Rev. November 1987) Application for Change in Accounting Method" + }, + { + "type": "NarrativeText", + "element_id": "766cf1d1243ef2cdbb0db5ad32d7f9c9", + "metadata": { + "data_source": { + "url": "abfs://container1/IRS-form-1987.pdf", + "version": 307846589923949318200712033143133817358, + "record_locator": { + "protocol": "abfs", + "remote_file_path": "container1/IRS-form-1987.pdf" + }, + "date_created": "2023-03-10T09:36:30+00:00", + "date_modified": "2023-03-10T09:36:30+00:00" + }, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 1 + }, + "text": "(Section references are to the Internal Revenue Code unless otherwise noted.)" + }, + { + "type": "Title", + "element_id": "61ed58fa51293f429f87e8cf1896c9e4", + "metadata": { + "data_source": { + "url": "abfs://container1/IRS-form-1987.pdf", + "version": 307846589923949318200712033143133817358, + "record_locator": { + "protocol": "abfs", + "remote_file_path": "container1/IRS-form-1987.pdf" + }, + "date_created": "2023-03-10T09:36:30+00:00", + "date_modified": "2023-03-10T09:36:30+00:00" + }, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 1 + }, + "text": "Paperwork Reduction Act Notice" + }, + { + "type": "NarrativeText", + "element_id": "b00492d57199616b7b5459cdf57a58d2", + "metadata": { + "data_source": { + "url": "abfs://container1/IRS-form-1987.pdf", + "version": 307846589923949318200712033143133817358, + "record_locator": { + "protocol": "abfs", + "remote_file_path": "container1/IRS-form-1987.pdf" + }, + "date_created": "2023-03-10T09:36:30+00:00", + "date_modified": "2023-03-10T09:36:30+00:00" + }, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 1 + }, + "text": "Internal Revenue laws of the United States. We need it to ensure that taxpayers are complying with these laws and to allow us to figure and collect the right amount of tax. You are required to us this information." + }, + { + "type": "NarrativeText", + "element_id": "5d18f0234e23bc96198c9fb19601056a", + "metadata": { + "data_source": { + "url": "abfs://container1/IRS-form-1987.pdf", + "version": 307846589923949318200712033143133817358, + "record_locator": { + "protocol": "abfs", + "remote_file_path": "container1/IRS-form-1987.pdf" + }, + "date_created": "2023-03-10T09:36:30+00:00", + "date_modified": "2023-03-10T09:36:30+00:00" + }, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 1 + }, + "text": "We ask for this information to carry out the" + }, + { + "type": "NarrativeText", + "element_id": "0895a532e404a5c9ea96eac7982d268f", + "metadata": { + "data_source": { + "url": "abfs://container1/IRS-form-1987.pdf", + "version": 307846589923949318200712033143133817358, + "record_locator": { + "protocol": "abfs", + "remote_file_path": "container1/IRS-form-1987.pdf" + }, + "date_created": "2023-03-10T09:36:30+00:00", + "date_modified": "2023-03-10T09:36:30+00:00" + }, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 1 + }, + "text": "give" + }, + { + "type": "Title", + "element_id": "a1547a4ed1611eee44b15e99120fb978", + "metadata": { + "data_source": { + "url": "abfs://container1/IRS-form-1987.pdf", + "version": 307846589923949318200712033143133817358, + "record_locator": { + "protocol": "abfs", + "remote_file_path": "container1/IRS-form-1987.pdf" + }, + "date_created": "2023-03-10T09:36:30+00:00", + "date_modified": "2023-03-10T09:36:30+00:00" + }, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 1 + }, + "text": "General Instructions" + }, + { + "type": "Title", + "element_id": "68a3289177b49b285e133a5267eb355f", + "metadata": { + "data_source": { + "url": "abfs://container1/IRS-form-1987.pdf", + "version": 307846589923949318200712033143133817358, + "record_locator": { + "protocol": "abfs", + "remote_file_path": "container1/IRS-form-1987.pdf" + }, + "date_created": "2023-03-10T09:36:30+00:00", + "date_modified": "2023-03-10T09:36:30+00:00" + }, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 1 + }, + "text": "Purpose of Form" + }, + { + "type": "NarrativeText", + "element_id": "fdb8017fc73bdc12f7200dece8b76c99", + "metadata": { + "data_source": { + "url": "abfs://container1/IRS-form-1987.pdf", + "version": 307846589923949318200712033143133817358, + "record_locator": { + "protocol": "abfs", + "remote_file_path": "container1/IRS-form-1987.pdf" + }, + "date_created": "2023-03-10T09:36:30+00:00", + "date_modified": "2023-03-10T09:36:30+00:00" + }, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 1 + }, + "text": "File this form to request a change in your accounting method, including the accounting treatment of any item. If you are requesting a change in accounting period, use Form 1128, Application for Change in Accounting Period. For more information, see Publication 538, Accounting Periods and Methods." + }, + { + "type": "NarrativeText", + "element_id": "7e3ae97a65f12ef0bb8b4d6b5f721f54", + "metadata": { + "data_source": { + "url": "abfs://container1/IRS-form-1987.pdf", + "version": 307846589923949318200712033143133817358, + "record_locator": { + "protocol": "abfs", + "remote_file_path": "container1/IRS-form-1987.pdf" + }, + "date_created": "2023-03-10T09:36:30+00:00", + "date_modified": "2023-03-10T09:36:30+00:00" + }, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 1 + }, + "text": "filing taxpayers are reminded to determine if IRS has published a ruling or procedure dealing with the specific type of change since November 1987 (the current revision date of Form 3115)," + }, + { + "type": "Title", + "element_id": "cf9c7aa24a26aac4f0ec4b6395cbfdcc", + "metadata": { + "data_source": { + "url": "abfs://container1/IRS-form-1987.pdf", + "version": 307846589923949318200712033143133817358, + "record_locator": { + "protocol": "abfs", + "remote_file_path": "container1/IRS-form-1987.pdf" + }, + "date_created": "2023-03-10T09:36:30+00:00", + "date_modified": "2023-03-10T09:36:30+00:00" + }, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 1 + }, + "text": "When" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "2127f2ab4fc4feb4d32460c8317bf02f", + "metadata": { + "data_source": { + "url": "abfs://container1/IRS-form-1987.pdf", + "version": 307846589923949318200712033143133817358, + "record_locator": { + "protocol": "abfs", + "remote_file_path": "container1/IRS-form-1987.pdf" + }, + "date_created": "2023-03-10T09:36:30+00:00", + "date_modified": "2023-03-10T09:36:30+00:00" + }, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 1 + }, + "text": "Form 3115," + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "e53657178cb6855ac4b2029197a64b0c", + "metadata": { + "data_source": { + "url": "abfs://container1/IRS-form-1987.pdf", + "version": 307846589923949318200712033143133817358, + "record_locator": { + "protocol": "abfs", + "remote_file_path": "container1/IRS-form-1987.pdf" + }, + "date_created": "2023-03-10T09:36:30+00:00", + "date_modified": "2023-03-10T09:36:30+00:00" + }, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 1 + }, + "text": "A." + }, + { + "type": "NarrativeText", + "element_id": "faf2673a7d6b6f7c5bf7cae6770a4130", + "metadata": { + "data_source": { + "url": "abfs://container1/IRS-form-1987.pdf", + "version": 307846589923949318200712033143133817358, + "record_locator": { + "protocol": "abfs", + "remote_file_path": "container1/IRS-form-1987.pdf" + }, + "date_created": "2023-03-10T09:36:30+00:00", + "date_modified": "2023-03-10T09:36:30+00:00" + }, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 1 + }, + "text": "Generally, applicants must complete Section In addition, complete the appropriate sections (B-1 through H) for which a change Is desired." + }, + { + "type": "NarrativeText", + "element_id": "bf2a070cb9d03d056e70b26bebf1ef79", + "metadata": { + "data_source": { + "url": "abfs://container1/IRS-form-1987.pdf", + "version": 307846589923949318200712033143133817358, + "record_locator": { + "protocol": "abfs", + "remote_file_path": "container1/IRS-form-1987.pdf" + }, + "date_created": "2023-03-10T09:36:30+00:00", + "date_modified": "2023-03-10T09:36:30+00:00" + }, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 1 + }, + "text": "You must give all relevant facts, including a detailed description of your present and proposed methods. You must also state the reason(s) you believe approval to make the requested change should be granted. Attach additional pages if more space is needed for explanations. Each page should show your name, address, and identifying number." + }, + { + "type": "NarrativeText", + "element_id": "10626f80b0f7b25e661f8f82f5d7c454", + "metadata": { + "data_source": { + "url": "abfs://container1/IRS-form-1987.pdf", + "version": 307846589923949318200712033143133817358, + "record_locator": { + "protocol": "abfs", + "remote_file_path": "container1/IRS-form-1987.pdf" + }, + "date_created": "2023-03-10T09:36:30+00:00", + "date_modified": "2023-03-10T09:36:30+00:00" + }, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 1 + }, + "text": "State whether you desire a conference in National Office if the Service proposes to disapprove your application." + }, + { + "type": "Title", + "element_id": "b9776d7ddf459c9ad5b0e1d6ac61e27b", + "metadata": { + "data_source": { + "url": "abfs://container1/IRS-form-1987.pdf", + "version": 307846589923949318200712033143133817358, + "record_locator": { + "protocol": "abfs", + "remote_file_path": "container1/IRS-form-1987.pdf" + }, + "date_created": "2023-03-10T09:36:30+00:00", + "date_modified": "2023-03-10T09:36:30+00:00" + }, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 1 + }, + "text": "the" + }, + { + "type": "Title", + "element_id": "242a9dba10a04654d4adef9c58ff96f6", + "metadata": { + "data_source": { + "url": "abfs://container1/IRS-form-1987.pdf", + "version": 307846589923949318200712033143133817358, + "record_locator": { + "protocol": "abfs", + "remote_file_path": "container1/IRS-form-1987.pdf" + }, + "date_created": "2023-03-10T09:36:30+00:00", + "date_modified": "2023-03-10T09:36:30+00:00" + }, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 1 + }, + "text": "Changes to Accounting Methods Required Under the Tax Reform Act of 1986" + }, + { + "type": "NarrativeText", + "element_id": "582deac2def308ecc5250773e1683052", + "metadata": { + "data_source": { + "url": "abfs://container1/IRS-form-1987.pdf", + "version": 307846589923949318200712033143133817358, + "record_locator": { + "protocol": "abfs", + "remote_file_path": "container1/IRS-form-1987.pdf" + }, + "date_created": "2023-03-10T09:36:30+00:00", + "date_modified": "2023-03-10T09:36:30+00:00" + }, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 1 + }, + "text": "Uniform capitalization rules and limitation on cash method.—If you are required to change your method of accounting under section,263A (relating to the capitalization and inclusion in inventory costs of certain expenses) or 448 (limiting the use of the cash method of accounting by certain taxpayers) as added by the Tax Reform Act of 1986 (“Act”), the change 1s treated as initiated by the taxpayer, approved by the Commissioner, and the period for taking the adjustments under section 481(a) into account will not exceed 4 years. (Hospitals required to change from the cash method under section 448 have 10 years to take the adjustrnents into account.) Complete Section A and the appropriate sections (B-1 or C and D) for which the change is required." + }, + { + "type": "NarrativeText", + "element_id": "550f9e99054c657264fb9bb26d3023de", + "metadata": { + "data_source": { + "url": "abfs://container1/IRS-form-1987.pdf", + "version": 307846589923949318200712033143133817358, + "record_locator": { + "protocol": "abfs", + "remote_file_path": "container1/IRS-form-1987.pdf" + }, + "date_created": "2023-03-10T09:36:30+00:00", + "date_modified": "2023-03-10T09:36:30+00:00" + }, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 1 + }, + "text": "Disregard the instructions under Time and Place for Filing and Late Applications. Instead, attach Form 3115 to your income tax return for the year of change; do not file it separately. Also include on a separate statement accompanying the Form 3115 the period over which the section 481(a) adjustment will be taken into account and the basis for that conclusion. Identify the automatic change being made at the top of page 1 of Form 3115 (e.g., “Automatic Change to Accrual Method—Section 448\"). See Temporary Regulations sections 1.263A-1T and 1.448-1T for additional information." + }, + { + "type": "NarrativeText", + "element_id": "c7c37f80c11190ab9416495a0d9b7c6e", + "metadata": { + "data_source": { + "url": "abfs://container1/IRS-form-1987.pdf", + "version": 307846589923949318200712033143133817358, + "record_locator": { + "protocol": "abfs", + "remote_file_path": "container1/IRS-form-1987.pdf" + }, + "date_created": "2023-03-10T09:36:30+00:00", + "date_modified": "2023-03-10T09:36:30+00:00" + }, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 1 + }, + "text": "you change your method of accounting for long-term contracts under section 460, see Notice 87-61 (9/21/87), 1987-38 IRB 40, for the notification procedures that must be followed." + }, + { + "type": "Title", + "element_id": "093856d810a56c1557ce2b24c65abf3d", + "metadata": { + "data_source": { + "url": "abfs://container1/IRS-form-1987.pdf", + "version": 307846589923949318200712033143133817358, + "record_locator": { + "protocol": "abfs", + "remote_file_path": "container1/IRS-form-1987.pdf" + }, + "date_created": "2023-03-10T09:36:30+00:00", + "date_modified": "2023-03-10T09:36:30+00:00" + }, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 1 + }, + "text": "Long-term contracts. —If" + }, + { + "type": "NarrativeText", + "element_id": "4a1ba7ce20dde03bf464633002f14b10", + "metadata": { + "data_source": { + "url": "abfs://container1/IRS-form-1987.pdf", + "version": 307846589923949318200712033143133817358, + "record_locator": { + "protocol": "abfs", + "remote_file_path": "container1/IRS-form-1987.pdf" + }, + "date_created": "2023-03-10T09:36:30+00:00", + "date_modified": "2023-03-10T09:36:30+00:00" + }, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 1 + }, + "text": "are required to" + }, + { + "type": "NarrativeText", + "element_id": "6272a6df76820c927d081a1041e3c079", + "metadata": { + "data_source": { + "url": "abfs://container1/IRS-form-1987.pdf", + "version": 307846589923949318200712033143133817358, + "record_locator": { + "protocol": "abfs", + "remote_file_path": "container1/IRS-form-1987.pdf" + }, + "date_created": "2023-03-10T09:36:30+00:00", + "date_modified": "2023-03-10T09:36:30+00:00" + }, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 1 + }, + "text": "Other methods.—Unless the Service has published a regulation or procedure to the contrary, all other changes !n accounting methods required by the Act are automatically considered to be approved by the Commissioner. Examples of method changes automatically approved by the Commissioner are those changes required to effect: (1) the repeal of the reserve method for bad debts of taxpayers other than financial institutions (Act section 805); (2) the repeal of the installment method for sales under a revolving credit plan (Act section 812); (3) the Inclusion of income attributable to the sale or furnishing of utility services no later than the year In which the services were provided to customers (Act section 821); and (4) the repeal of the deduction for qualified discount coupons (Act section 823). Do not file Form 3115 for these" + }, + { + "type": "Title", + "element_id": "d3eda7d7ed44b4b43fcbfa6f83f6fad3", + "metadata": { + "data_source": { + "url": "abfs://container1/IRS-form-1987.pdf", + "version": 307846589923949318200712033143133817358, + "record_locator": { + "protocol": "abfs", + "remote_file_path": "container1/IRS-form-1987.pdf" + }, + "date_created": "2023-03-10T09:36:30+00:00", + "date_modified": "2023-03-10T09:36:30+00:00" + }, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 1 + }, + "text": "changes." + }, + { + "type": "Title", + "element_id": "5756fb398995bb6518a87637f24f426e", + "metadata": { + "data_source": { + "url": "abfs://container1/IRS-form-1987.pdf", + "version": 307846589923949318200712033143133817358, + "record_locator": { + "protocol": "abfs", + "remote_file_path": "container1/IRS-form-1987.pdf" + }, + "date_created": "2023-03-10T09:36:30+00:00", + "date_modified": "2023-03-10T09:36:30+00:00" + }, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 1 + }, + "text": "Time and Place for Filing" + }, + { + "type": "NarrativeText", + "element_id": "af8bdf713f162b09567c8d1a3a2d4de7", + "metadata": { + "data_source": { + "url": "abfs://container1/IRS-form-1987.pdf", + "version": 307846589923949318200712033143133817358, + "record_locator": { + "protocol": "abfs", + "remote_file_path": "container1/IRS-form-1987.pdf" + }, + "date_created": "2023-03-10T09:36:30+00:00", + "date_modified": "2023-03-10T09:36:30+00:00" + }, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 1 + }, + "text": "Generally, applicants must file this form within the first 180 days of the tax year in which it is desired to make the change." + }, + { + "type": "NarrativeText", + "element_id": "9dda11db48254f5e0d0000afb5d1dd9b", + "metadata": { + "data_source": { + "url": "abfs://container1/IRS-form-1987.pdf", + "version": 307846589923949318200712033143133817358, + "record_locator": { + "protocol": "abfs", + "remote_file_path": "container1/IRS-form-1987.pdf" + }, + "date_created": "2023-03-10T09:36:30+00:00", + "date_modified": "2023-03-10T09:36:30+00:00" + }, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 1 + }, + "text": "Taxpayers, other than exempt organizations, should file Form 3115 with the Commissioner of Internal Revenue, Attention: CC:C:4, 1111 Constitution Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20224, Exempt organizations should file with the Assistant Commissioner (Employee Plans and Exempt Organizations), 1111 Constitution Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20224." + }, + { + "type": "NarrativeText", + "element_id": "4d063cdbd131401fa29e1d0e824dc017", + "metadata": { + "data_source": { + "url": "abfs://container1/IRS-form-1987.pdf", + "version": 307846589923949318200712033143133817358, + "record_locator": { + "protocol": "abfs", + "remote_file_path": "container1/IRS-form-1987.pdf" + }, + "date_created": "2023-03-10T09:36:30+00:00", + "date_modified": "2023-03-10T09:36:30+00:00" + }, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 1 + }, + "text": "You should normally receive an acknowledgment of receipt of your application within 30 days. If you do not hear from IRS within 30 days of submitting your completed Form 3115, you may inquire as to the receipt of your application by writing to: Control Clerk, CC:C:4, Internal Revenue Service, Room 5040, 1111 Constitution Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20224." + }, + { + "type": "Title", + "element_id": "ea325d761f98c6b73320e442b67f2a35", + "metadata": { + "data_source": { + "url": "abfs://container1/IRS-form-1987.pdf", + "version": 307846589923949318200712033143133817358, + "record_locator": { + "protocol": "abfs", + "remote_file_path": "container1/IRS-form-1987.pdf" + }, + "date_created": "2023-03-10T09:36:30+00:00", + "date_modified": "2023-03-10T09:36:30+00:00" + }, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 1 + }, + "text": "an" + }, + { + "type": "NarrativeText", + "element_id": "c56ebb2883fe0c95b8564fa3969f7010", + "metadata": { + "data_source": { + "url": "abfs://container1/IRS-form-1987.pdf", + "version": 307846589923949318200712033143133817358, + "record_locator": { + "protocol": "abfs", + "remote_file_path": "container1/IRS-form-1987.pdf" + }, + "date_created": "2023-03-10T09:36:30+00:00", + "date_modified": "2023-03-10T09:36:30+00:00" + }, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 1 + }, + "text": "See section 5.03 of Rev. Proc. 84-74 for filing early application." + }, + { + "type": "NarrativeText", + "element_id": "12f877f0bd47f9b761ed7e74be1afacd", + "metadata": { + "data_source": { + "url": "abfs://container1/IRS-form-1987.pdf", + "version": 307846589923949318200712033143133817358, + "record_locator": { + "protocol": "abfs", + "remote_file_path": "container1/IRS-form-1987.pdf" + }, + "date_created": "2023-03-10T09:36:30+00:00", + "date_modified": "2023-03-10T09:36:30+00:00" + }, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 1 + }, + "text": "Note: /f this form is being filed in accordance with Rev. Proc. 74-11, see Section G below." }, { "type": "Title", - "element_id": "88591a76b54e47215c0827ae8838ec13", + "element_id": "a4316c02df07840f1beb56609cb09735", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "abfs://container1/IRS-form-1987.pdf", @@ -35,11 +624,30 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 1 }, - "text": "Instructions for Form 3115 (Rev. November 1987)" + "text": "Late Applications" }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "4a17cc01a68e2bf011ba1458d70f369a", + "element_id": "02dd043b5686a46b2f03cfe8cf56aae9", + "metadata": { + "data_source": { + "url": "abfs://container1/IRS-form-1987.pdf", + "version": 307846589923949318200712033143133817358, + "record_locator": { + "protocol": "abfs", + "remote_file_path": "container1/IRS-form-1987.pdf" + }, + "date_created": "2023-03-10T09:36:30+00:00", + "date_modified": "2023-03-10T09:36:30+00:00" + }, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 1 + }, + "text": "If your application is filed after the 180-day period, it is late. The application will be considered for processing only upon a showing of “good cause” and if it can be shown to the satisfaction of the Commissioner that granting you an extension will not jeopardize the Government's interests. For further information, see Rev, Proc. 79-63." + }, + { + "type": "Title", + "element_id": "025a65465b6fd9635316e92633b24c7e", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "abfs://container1/IRS-form-1987.pdf", @@ -54,11 +662,11 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 1 }, - "text": "Application for Change in Accounting Method" + "text": "Identifying Number" }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "766cf1d1243ef2cdbb0db5ad32d7f9c9", + "element_id": "8605ee209656c311cec7ce4b001caab2", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "abfs://container1/IRS-form-1987.pdf", @@ -73,11 +681,11 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 1 }, - "text": "(Section references are to the Internal Revenue Code unless otherwise noted.)" + "text": "Individuals.—An individual should enter his or her social security number in this block. If the application is made on behalf of a husband and wife who file their income tax return jointly, enter the social security numbers of both." }, { "type": "Title", - "element_id": "61ed58fa51293f429f87e8cf1896c9e4", + "element_id": "ea325d761f98c6b73320e442b67f2a35", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "abfs://container1/IRS-form-1987.pdf", @@ -92,11 +700,11 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 1 }, - "text": "Paperwork Reduction Act Notice" + "text": "an" }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "828767cbc922e731b59894afba55fe10", + "element_id": "7d82c5876c5c1a3596338ae8cfbd1a50", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "abfs://container1/IRS-form-1987.pdf", @@ -111,11 +719,11 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 1 }, - "text": "We ask for this information to carry out the Internal Revenue laws of the United States. We need it to ensure that taxpayers are complying with these laws and to allow us to figure and collect the right amount of tax. You are required to give us this information." + "text": "Others.-—The employer identification number applicant other than an individual should be entered in this block." }, { "type": "Title", - "element_id": "a1547a4ed1611eee44b15e99120fb978", + "element_id": "28391d3bc64ec15cbb090426b04aa6b7", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "abfs://container1/IRS-form-1987.pdf", @@ -130,11 +738,11 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 1 }, - "text": "General Instructions" + "text": "of" }, { "type": "Title", - "element_id": "68a3289177b49b285e133a5267eb355f", + "element_id": "f1a73e2204a114077f988c9da98d7f8b", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "abfs://container1/IRS-form-1987.pdf", @@ -149,11 +757,11 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 1 }, - "text": "Purpose of Form" + "text": "Signature" }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "2ef3cbc8d359155433a0028e73251f95", + "element_id": "dc1531183c8e3f45a78f110ec1efe15f", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "abfs://container1/IRS-form-1987.pdf", @@ -168,11 +776,11 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 1 }, - "text": "File this form to request a change in your accounting method, including the accounting treatment of any item. If you are requesting a change in accounting period, use Form 1128, Application for Change in Accounting Period. For more information, see Publication 538, Accounting Periods and Methods. When filing Form 3115, taxpayers are reminded to determine if IRS has published a ruling or procedure dealing with the specific type of change since November 1987 (the current revision date of Form 3115)," + "text": "Individuals. —An individual desiring the change should sign the application. If the application pertains to a husband and wife filing a joint income tax return, the names of both should appear in the heading and both should sign." }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "84e7e32f584e2ee9f47ba593bf86c559", + "element_id": "7d3a67d75914a504a52ec53998b796af", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "abfs://container1/IRS-form-1987.pdf", @@ -187,11 +795,11 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 1 }, - "text": "Generally, applicants must complete Section A. In addition, complete the appropriate sections (B-1 through H) for which a change Is desired." + "text": "Partnerships.—The form should be signed with the partnership name followed by the signature of one of the general partners and the words “General Partner.”" }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "ed7dba38aff5b289c7b6c8a58e800279", + "element_id": "9de285e8e3b042aa9ac86edde98a21a9", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "abfs://container1/IRS-form-1987.pdf", @@ -206,11 +814,11 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 1 }, - "text": "You must give all relevant facts, including a detailed description of your present and proposed methods. You must also state the reason(s) you believe approval to make the requested change should be granted. Attach additional pages if more space is needed for explanations. Each page should show your name, address, and identifying number. State whether you desire a conference in the National Office if the Service proposes to disapprove your application." + "text": "Corporations, cooperatives, and insurance companies.—The form should show the name of the corporation, cooperative, or insurance company and the signature of the president, vice president, treasurer, assistant treasurer, or chief accounting officer (such as tax officer) authorized to sign, and his or her official title. Receivers, trustees, or assignees must sign any application they are required to file. For a subsidiary corporation filing a consolidated return with its parent, the form should be signed by an officer of the parent corporation." }, { "type": "Title", - "element_id": "242a9dba10a04654d4adef9c58ff96f6", + "element_id": "f5ea55c27511707a88f8efadcdf50b55", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "abfs://container1/IRS-form-1987.pdf", @@ -225,11 +833,11 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 1 }, - "text": "Changes to Accounting Methods Required Under the Tax Reform Act of 1986" + "text": "Fiduciaries.—The-form" }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "0b320308ba52d4a9625d29cadfc941a9", + "element_id": "ca02af326f3caed052e30728481fc4fe", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "abfs://container1/IRS-form-1987.pdf", @@ -244,11 +852,30 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 1 }, - "text": "Uniform capitalization rules and limitation on cash method.—If you are required to change your method of accounting under section,263A (relating to the capitalization and inclusion in inventory costs of certain expenses) or 448 (limiting the use of the cash method of accounting by certain taxpayers) as added by the Tax Reform Act of 1986 (“Act”), the change 1s treated as initiated by the taxpayer, approved by the Commissioner, and the period for taking the adjustments under section 481(a) into account will not exceed 4 years. (Hospitals required to change from the cash method under section 448 have 10 years to take the adjustrnents into account.) Complete Section A and the appropriate sections (B-1 or C and D) for which the change is required. Disregard the instructions under Time and" + "text": "should show the name of the estate or trust and be signed by the fiduciary, personal representative, executor, executrix, administrator, administratrix, etc., having legal authority to sign, and his or her title." }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "eb076cfd3d47e546c28611750afedc49", + "element_id": "52e2b8e4b8527ae448e9db2dfd0c43c7", + "metadata": { + "data_source": { + "url": "abfs://container1/IRS-form-1987.pdf", + "version": 307846589923949318200712033143133817358, + "record_locator": { + "protocol": "abfs", + "remote_file_path": "container1/IRS-form-1987.pdf" + }, + "date_created": "2023-03-10T09:36:30+00:00", + "date_modified": "2023-03-10T09:36:30+00:00" + }, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 1 + }, + "text": "Preparer other than partner, officer, etc.—The signature of the individual preparing the application should appear in the space provided on page 6." + }, + { + "type": "Title", + "element_id": "ca978112ca1bbdcafac231b39a23dc4d", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "abfs://container1/IRS-form-1987.pdf", @@ -263,11 +890,30 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 1 }, - "text": "Place for Filing and Late Applications. Instead, attach Form 3115 to your income tax return for the year of change; do not file it separately. Also include on a separate statement accompanying the Form 3115 the period over which the section 481(a) adjustment will be taken into account and" + "text": "a" }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "ee134711b01cac75692565ae4f785fd4", + "element_id": "12a24aabbcef2cabc07babe12d9c82c5", + "metadata": { + "data_source": { + "url": "abfs://container1/IRS-form-1987.pdf", + "version": 307846589923949318200712033143133817358, + "record_locator": { + "protocol": "abfs", + "remote_file_path": "container1/IRS-form-1987.pdf" + }, + "date_created": "2023-03-10T09:36:30+00:00", + "date_modified": "2023-03-10T09:36:30+00:00" + }, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 1 + }, + "text": "If the individual or firm is also authorized to represent the applicant before the IRS, receive copy of the requested ruling, or perform any other act(s), the power of attorney must reflect such authorization(s)." + }, + { + "type": "Title", + "element_id": "8b06cd6e2bf7fc15130d5d9ed7e66283", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "abfs://container1/IRS-form-1987.pdf", @@ -282,11 +928,11 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 1 }, - "text": "the basis for that conclusion. Identify the automatic change being made at the top of page 1 of Form 3115 (e.g., “Automatic Change to Accrual Method—Section 448\"). See Temporary Regulations sections 1.263A-1T and 1.448-1T for additional information." + "text": "Affiliated Groups" }, { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "7b7c33680de5c4a7cb165c103752579e", + "type": "NarrativeText", + "element_id": "58e977f2200b46ac8b372586dfd781bf", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "abfs://container1/IRS-form-1987.pdf", @@ -301,11 +947,11 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 1 }, - "text": "Long-term contracts. —If you are required to change your method of accounting for long-term contracts under section 460, see Notice 87-61 (9/21/87), 1987-38 IRB 40, for the notification procedures that must be followed. Other methods.—Unless the Service has published a regulation or procedure to the contrary, all other changes !n accounting methods required by the Act are automatically considered to be approved by the Commissioner. Examples of method changes automatically approved by the Commissioner are those changes required to effect: (1) the repeal of the reserve method for bad debts of taxpayers other than financial institutions (Act section 805); (2) the repeal of the installment method for sales under a revolving credit plan (Act section 812); (3) the Inclusion of income attributable to the sale or furnishing of utility services no later than the year In which the services were provided to customers (Act section 821); and (4) the repeal of the deduction for qualified discount coupons (Act section 823). Do not file Form 3115 for these changes." + "text": "Taxpayers that are members of an affiliated group filing a consolidated return that seeks to change to the same accounting method for more than one member of the group must file a separate Form 3115 for each such member," }, { "type": "Title", - "element_id": "5756fb398995bb6518a87637f24f426e", + "element_id": "8b838d95f7d4f66b5453307de1353ff4", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "abfs://container1/IRS-form-1987.pdf", @@ -320,11 +966,11 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 1 }, - "text": "Time and Place for Filing" + "text": "Specific Instructions" }, { "type": "Title", - "element_id": "af8bdf713f162b09567c8d1a3a2d4de7", + "element_id": "bc272940e494acf9441070d3eb4b79f6", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "abfs://container1/IRS-form-1987.pdf", @@ -339,11 +985,11 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 1 }, - "text": "Generally, applicants must file this form within the first 180 days of the tax year in which it is desired to make the change." + "text": "Section A" }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "2aebd5bbfbc983d52ed7aee8eb7bc7cc", + "element_id": "b57b7502430c59194bb865cfa1bcfab5", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "abfs://container1/IRS-form-1987.pdf", @@ -358,11 +1004,11 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 1 }, - "text": "Taxpayers, other than exempt organizations, should file Form 3115 with the Commissioner of Internal Revenue, Attention: CC:C:4, 1111 Constitution Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20224, Exempt organizations should file with the Assistant Commissioner (Employee Plans and Exempt Organizations), 1111 Constitution Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20224. You should normally receive an acknowledgment of receipt of your application within 30 days. If you do not hear from IRS within 30 days of submitting your completed Form 3115, you may inquire as to the receipt of your application by writing to: Control Clerk, CC:C:4, Internal Revenue Service, Room 5040, 1111 Constitution Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20224." + "text": "Item 5a, page 1.—“Taxable income or (loss) from operations” is to be entered before application of any net operating loss deduction under section 172(a)." }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "0ec978b05caa71414e2f4429b1d18f09", + "element_id": "9eefeb9556d95a8dd563ff3270cae7f4", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "abfs://container1/IRS-form-1987.pdf", @@ -377,11 +1023,11 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 1 }, - "text": "See section 5.03 of Rev. Proc. 84-74 for filing an early application." + "text": "Item 6, page 2.—The term “gross receipts” includes total sales (net of returns and allowances) and all amounts received for services. In addition, gross receipts include any income from investments and from incidental or outside sources (e.g., interest, dividends, rents, royalties, and annuities). However, if you are a resaler of personal property, exclude from gross receipts any amounts not derived in the ordinary course of a trade or business. Gross receipts do not include amounts received for sales taxes if, under the applicable state or local law, the tax is legally imposed on the purchaser of the good or service, and the taxpayer merely collects and remits the tax to the taxing authority." }, { - "type": "Title", - "element_id": "12f877f0bd47f9b761ed7e74be1afacd", + "type": "NarrativeText", + "element_id": "3e63f740940cd3ab94c17d2bbf48b13a", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "abfs://container1/IRS-form-1987.pdf", @@ -396,11 +1042,49 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 1 }, - "text": "Note: /f this form is being filed in accordance with Rev. Proc. 74-11, see Section G below." + "text": "Item 7b, page 2.—If item 7b 1s “Yes,” indicate on a separate sheet the following for each separate trade or business: Nature of business" + }, + { + "type": "NarrativeText", + "element_id": "3db206c935841c3dcd5b3a1d41e56b84", + "metadata": { + "data_source": { + "url": "abfs://container1/IRS-form-1987.pdf", + "version": 307846589923949318200712033143133817358, + "record_locator": { + "protocol": "abfs", + "remote_file_path": "container1/IRS-form-1987.pdf" + }, + "date_created": "2023-03-10T09:36:30+00:00", + "date_modified": "2023-03-10T09:36:30+00:00" + }, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 2 + }, + "text": "(manufacturing, retailer, wholesaler, etc.), employer identification number, overall method of accounting, and whether, in the last 6 years, that business has changed its accounting method, or is also changing its accounting method as part of this request or as a separate request." + }, + { + "type": "NarrativeText", + "element_id": "48ddf405e03a362566cdbc32cc5cd11c", + "metadata": { + "data_source": { + "url": "abfs://container1/IRS-form-1987.pdf", + "version": 307846589923949318200712033143133817358, + "record_locator": { + "protocol": "abfs", + "remote_file_path": "container1/IRS-form-1987.pdf" + }, + "date_created": "2023-03-10T09:36:30+00:00", + "date_modified": "2023-03-10T09:36:30+00:00" + }, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 2 + }, + "text": "Item 11, page 2.—If you cannot provide the requested information, you may sign a statement under penalties of perjury that:" }, { "type": "Title", - "element_id": "a4316c02df07840f1beb56609cb09735", + "element_id": "28391d3bc64ec15cbb090426b04aa6b7", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "abfs://container1/IRS-form-1987.pdf", @@ -413,13 +1097,13 @@ "date_modified": "2023-03-10T09:36:30+00:00" }, "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 1 + "page_number": 2 }, - "text": "Late Applications" + "text": "of" }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "02dd043b5686a46b2f03cfe8cf56aae9", + "element_id": "81f087b1fcf4c9870324336c6bc0de78", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "abfs://container1/IRS-form-1987.pdf", @@ -432,13 +1116,13 @@ "date_modified": "2023-03-10T09:36:30+00:00" }, "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 1 + "page_number": 2 }, - "text": "If your application is filed after the 180-day period, it is late. The application will be considered for processing only upon a showing of “good cause” and if it can be shown to the satisfaction of the Commissioner that granting you an extension will not jeopardize the Government's interests. For further information, see Rev, Proc. 79-63." + "text": "(1) Gives your best estimate of the percentage the section 481(a) adjustment that would have been required if the requested change had been made for each of the 3 preceding years; and" }, { "type": "Title", - "element_id": "025a65465b6fd9635316e92633b24c7e", + "element_id": "b9776d7ddf459c9ad5b0e1d6ac61e27b", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "abfs://container1/IRS-form-1987.pdf", @@ -451,13 +1135,13 @@ "date_modified": "2023-03-10T09:36:30+00:00" }, "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 1 + "page_number": 2 }, - "text": "Identifying Number" + "text": "the" }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "8605ee209656c311cec7ce4b001caab2", + "element_id": "cde0777402fde810d0fb24b15df92b2b", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "abfs://container1/IRS-form-1987.pdf", @@ -470,13 +1154,13 @@ "date_modified": "2023-03-10T09:36:30+00:00" }, "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 1 + "page_number": 2 }, - "text": "Individuals.—An individual should enter his or her social security number in this block. If the application is made on behalf of a husband and wife who file their income tax return jointly, enter the social security numbers of both." + "text": "(2) Explains in detail why you cannot provide requested information." }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "742730130f9c14403ad272eec208a456", + "element_id": "c855d896f610600602f04d9e31253c91", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "abfs://container1/IRS-form-1987.pdf", @@ -489,13 +1173,13 @@ "date_modified": "2023-03-10T09:36:30+00:00" }, "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 1 + "page_number": 2 }, - "text": "Others.-—The employer identification number of an applicant other than an individual should be entered in this block." + "text": "See section 5.06(2) of Rev. Proc. 84-74 for required perjury statement that must be attached." }, { "type": "Title", - "element_id": "f1a73e2204a114077f988c9da98d7f8b", + "element_id": "b9776d7ddf459c9ad5b0e1d6ac61e27b", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "abfs://container1/IRS-form-1987.pdf", @@ -508,13 +1192,13 @@ "date_modified": "2023-03-10T09:36:30+00:00" }, "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 1 + "page_number": 2 }, - "text": "Signature" + "text": "the" }, { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "ede9004eceddf828c2c928f62d0687a0", + "type": "Title", + "element_id": "b9776d7ddf459c9ad5b0e1d6ac61e27b", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "abfs://container1/IRS-form-1987.pdf", @@ -527,13 +1211,13 @@ "date_modified": "2023-03-10T09:36:30+00:00" }, "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 1 + "page_number": 2 }, - "text": "Signature Individuals. —An individual desiring the change should sign the application. If the application pertains to a husband and wife filing a joint income tax return, the names of both should appear in the heading and both should sign. Partnerships.—The form should be signed with the partnership name followed by the signature of one of the general partners and the words “General Partner.” Corporations, cooperatives, and insurance companies.—The form should show the name of the corporation, cooperative, or insurance company and the signature of the president, vice president, treasurer, assistant treasurer, or chief accounting officer (such as tax officer) authorized to sign, and his or her official title. Receivers, trustees, or assignees must sign any application they are required to file. For a subsidiary corporation filing a consolidated return with its parent, the form should be signed by an officer of the parent corporation. Fiduciaries.—The-form should show the name of the estate or trust and be signed by the fiduciary, personal representative, executor, executrix, administrator, administratrix, etc., having legal authority to sign, and his or her title. Preparer other than partner, officer, etc.—The signature of the individual preparing the application should appear in the space provided on page 6. If the individual or firm is also authorized to" + "text": "the" }, { - "type": "Title", - "element_id": "1df7107903f249d938fbf3710f50283a", + "type": "NarrativeText", + "element_id": "1734a701c8a3139ddcb5b857f697318f", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "abfs://container1/IRS-form-1987.pdf", @@ -546,13 +1230,13 @@ "date_modified": "2023-03-10T09:36:30+00:00" }, "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 1 + "page_number": 2 }, - "text": "If the individual or firm is also authorized to represent the applicant before the IRS, receive a copy of the requested ruling, or perform any other act(s), the power of attorney must reflect such authorization(s)." + "text": "If IRS later examines your return for the year change or for later years, it has the right to verify your statement at that time." }, { "type": "Title", - "element_id": "8b06cd6e2bf7fc15130d5d9ed7e66283", + "element_id": "28391d3bc64ec15cbb090426b04aa6b7", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "abfs://container1/IRS-form-1987.pdf", @@ -565,13 +1249,13 @@ "date_modified": "2023-03-10T09:36:30+00:00" }, "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 1 + "page_number": 2 }, - "text": "Affiliated Groups" + "text": "of" }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "58e977f2200b46ac8b372586dfd781bf", + "element_id": "751abc8c6a0fa412c3e8c18345f57f95", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "abfs://container1/IRS-form-1987.pdf", @@ -584,13 +1268,13 @@ "date_modified": "2023-03-10T09:36:30+00:00" }, "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 1 + "page_number": 2 }, - "text": "Taxpayers that are members of an affiliated group filing a consolidated return that seeks to change to the same accounting method for more than one member of the group must file a separate Form 3115 for each such member," + "text": "Item 13, page 2.—Insert the actual number of tax years. Use of the term “since inception” 1s not acceptable. However, “more than 6 years” Is acceptable." }, { "type": "Title", - "element_id": "58703de56debc34a1d68e6ed6f8fd067", + "element_id": "136a59b0c53731bc299206fda46e0888", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "abfs://container1/IRS-form-1987.pdf", @@ -603,13 +1287,13 @@ "date_modified": "2023-03-10T09:36:30+00:00" }, "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 1 + "page_number": 2 }, - "text": "Specific Instructions Section A" + "text": "Section B-1" }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "33b0dd2cec2ea60810343af08d53ded2", + "element_id": "e4a695ea83818204438fe08add6d1554", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "abfs://container1/IRS-form-1987.pdf", @@ -622,13 +1306,13 @@ "date_modified": "2023-03-10T09:36:30+00:00" }, "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 1 + "page_number": 2 }, - "text": "Item 5a, page 1.—“Taxable income or (loss) from operations” is to be entered before application of any net operating loss deduction under section 172(a). Item 6, page 2.—The term “gross receipts” includes total sales (net of returns and allowances) and all amounts received for services. In addition, gross receipts include any income from investments and from incidental or outside sources (e.g., interest, dividends, rents, royalties, and annuities). However, if you are a resaler of personal property, exclude from gross receipts any amounts not derived in the ordinary course of a trade or business. Gross receipts do not include amounts received for sales taxes if, under the applicable state or local law, the tax is legally imposed on the purchaser of the good or service, and the taxpayer merely collects and remits the tax to the taxing authority. Item 7b, page 2.—If item 7b 1s “Yes,” indicate on a separate sheet the following for each separate trade or business: Nature of business" + "text": "Item 1b, page 2.—Include any amounts reported as income ina prior year although the income had not been accrued (earned) or received in the prior year; for example, discount on installment loans reported as income for the year in which the loans were made instead of for the year or years in which the income was received or earned. Advance payments under Rev. Proc. 71-21 or Regulations section 1.451-5 must be fully explained and all pertinent information must be submitted with this application." }, { - "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "c51052c424ee3b8b5a219015f66d4846", + "type": "Title", + "element_id": "f63f53aab435b8c9789ab7d6b982db3f", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "abfs://container1/IRS-form-1987.pdf", @@ -643,11 +1327,11 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 2 }, - "text": "(manufacturing, retailer, wholesaler, etc.), employer identification number, overall method of accounting, and whether, in the last 6 years, that business has changed its accounting method, or is also changing its accounting method as part of this request or as a separate request. Item 11, page 2.—If you cannot provide the requested information, you may sign a statement under penalties of perjury that:" + "text": "Sections B-2 and B-3" }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "1bbe995811e9fd4c3ce1b218cb641f4e", + "element_id": "eac562ca19f6198691856c695e2790bd", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "abfs://container1/IRS-form-1987.pdf", @@ -662,11 +1346,11 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 2 }, - "text": "(1) Gives your best estimate of the percentage of the section 481(a) adjustment that would have been required if the requested change had been made for each of the 3 preceding years; and" + "text": "Limitation on the Use of the Cash Method of Accounting. —Except as provided below, C corporations, partnerships with a C corporation as a partner, and tax shelters may not use the cash method of accounting. For purposes of this limitation, a trust subject to the tax on unrelated business income under section 511 1s treated as aC corporation with respect to its unrelated trade or business activities." }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "f7872ac379aa024934461d08fa31ebd9", + "element_id": "e5bed7fe04dd22cabe5e5c0362d37743", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "abfs://container1/IRS-form-1987.pdf", @@ -681,11 +1365,11 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 2 }, - "text": "(2) Explains in detail why you cannot provide the requested information." + "text": "The limitation on the use of the cash method (except for tax shelters) does not apply to—" }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "2de8f0b5003bcb8c12a4dc59c8e1f740", + "element_id": "69bd87b2ad5873c030748e62adf61b89", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "abfs://container1/IRS-form-1987.pdf", @@ -700,11 +1384,11 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 2 }, - "text": "See section 5.06(2) of Rev. Proc. 84-74 for the required perjury statement that must be attached." + "text": "(1) Farming businesses.—F or this purpose, the term “farming business” 1s defined in section 263A(e)(4), but it also includes the raising, harvesting, or growing of trees to which section 263A(c)(5) applies. Notwithstanding this exception, section 447 requires certain C corporations and partnerships with a C corporation as a partner to use the accrual method." }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "678ecc0340dc8848f891bf12a555a3fd", + "element_id": "44902073e7cc4fa753f25d40e009dcef", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "abfs://container1/IRS-form-1987.pdf", @@ -719,11 +1403,11 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 2 }, - "text": "If IRS later examines your return for the year of the change or for later years, it has the right to verify your statement at that time." + "text": "substantially all of the stock of which is owned by employees performing the services, retired employees who had performed the services, any estate of any individual who had performed the services listed above, or any person who acquired stock of the corporation as a result of the death of an employee or retiree described above if the acquisition occurred within 2 years of death." }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "751abc8c6a0fa412c3e8c18345f57f95", + "element_id": "b68a5b5b0d59122e0df42a96d68d2b5e", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "abfs://container1/IRS-form-1987.pdf", @@ -738,11 +1422,11 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 2 }, - "text": "Item 13, page 2.—Insert the actual number of tax years. Use of the term “since inception” 1s not acceptable. However, “more than 6 years” Is acceptable." + "text": "(3) Entities with gross receipts of $5,000,000 or less. —To qualify for this exception, the C corporation's or partnership’s annual average gross receipts for the three years ending with the prior tax year may not exceed $5,000,000. If the corporation or partnership was not in existence for the entire 3-year period, the period of existence is used to determine whether the corporation or partnership qualifies. If any tax year in the 3-year period is a short tax year, the corporation or partnership must annualize the gross receipts by multiplying the gross receipts by 12 and dividing the result by the number of months in the short period." }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "64758ada28beed36481b14ce8dc67472", + "element_id": "a50ed92585ec98497171f56bc829c16a", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "abfs://container1/IRS-form-1987.pdf", @@ -757,7 +1441,7 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 2 }, - "text": "substantially all of the stock of which is owned by employees performing the services, retired employees who had performed the services, any estate of any individual who had performed the services listed above, or any person who acquired stock of the corporation as a result of the death of an employee or retiree described above if the acquisition occurred within 2 years of death. (3) Entities with gross receipts of $5,000,000 or less. —To qualify for this exception, the C corporation's or partnership’s annual average gross receipts for the three years ending with the prior tax year may not exceed $5,000,000. If the corporation or partnership was not in existence for the entire 3-year period, the period of existence is used to determine whether the corporation or partnership qualifies. If any tax year in the 3-year period is a short tax year, the corporation or partnership must annualize the gross receipts by multiplying the gross receipts by 12 and dividing the result by the number of months in the short period. For more information, see section 448 and Temporary Regulations section 1.448-1T." + "text": "For more information, see section 448 and Temporary Regulations section 1.448-1T." }, { "type": "Title", @@ -779,8 +1463,8 @@ "text": "Section C" }, { - "type": "Title", - "element_id": "8d6743276d5bc8e32d0b05ba0b232db8", + "type": "NarrativeText", + "element_id": "a9e8c96063f3fea7ea05eb3cd41ebe7a", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "abfs://container1/IRS-form-1987.pdf", @@ -795,11 +1479,11 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 2 }, - "text": "Section E" + "text": "Applicants must give complete details about the present method of valuing inventory and the proposed method. State whether all or part of your inventory ts involved in the change." }, { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "86fab9f7b35d56a2d48baf0782b7c53d", + "type": "NarrativeText", + "element_id": "7e90b155b5cdb2481b1dfbb1118142c5", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "abfs://container1/IRS-form-1987.pdf", @@ -814,11 +1498,11 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 2 }, - "text": "Section 460(f) provides that the term “long-term contract” means any contract for the manufacturing, building, installation, or construction of property that is not completed within the tax year in which it 1s entered into. However, a manufacturing contract will not qualify as a long-term contract unless the contract involves the manufacture of: (1) a unique item not normally included in your finished goods inventory, or (2) any item that normally requires more than 12 calendar months to complete." + "text": "Inventories of retail merchants.—The retail method of pricing inventories does not contemplate valuation of goods at the retail selling price. The retail selling price of goods on hand must be reduced to approximate cost or cost or market, whichever Is lower, by the adjustments required in Regulations section 1.471-8." }, { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "84cea2af17bb3760234b42f4ea78e175", + "type": "Title", + "element_id": "1e3abf61a37e3cad36b11b459b1cc39e", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "abfs://container1/IRS-form-1987.pdf", @@ -833,11 +1517,11 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 2 }, - "text": "All long-term contracts entered into after February 28, 1986, except for real property construction contracts expected to be completed within 2 years by contractors whose average annual gross receipts for the 3 prior tax years do not exceed $10,000,000, must be accounted for using either the percentage of completion- capitalized cost method or the percentage of completion method. See section 460. Caution: At the time these instructions were printed, Congress was considering legislation that would repeal the use of the percentage of completion-capitalized cost method for certain long-term contracts." + "text": "If" }, { - "type": "Title", - "element_id": "136a59b0c53731bc299206fda46e0888", + "type": "NarrativeText", + "element_id": "bbd0f86d34b7622cfff546da0c15584d", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "abfs://container1/IRS-form-1987.pdf", @@ -852,11 +1536,11 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 2 }, - "text": "Section B-1" + "text": "LIFO inventory changes.—Attach a schedule with all the required computations when changing the method of figuring LIFO inventories. you are changing from LIFO to a non-LIFO method, attach a schedule with the following additional information:" }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "e4a695ea83818204438fe08add6d1554", + "element_id": "347f638641329c72c971a522ec07f6b1", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "abfs://container1/IRS-form-1987.pdf", @@ -871,11 +1555,11 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 2 }, - "text": "Item 1b, page 2.—Include any amounts reported as income ina prior year although the income had not been accrued (earned) or received in the prior year; for example, discount on installment loans reported as income for the year in which the loans were made instead of for the year or years in which the income was received or earned. Advance payments under Rev. Proc. 71-21 or Regulations section 1.451-5 must be fully explained and all pertinent information must be submitted with this application." + "text": "(1) The specific types and classes of goods in the LIFO inventories involved in the proposed changes and the comparative value of such Inventories as of the end of the tax year preceding the year of change determined by: (a) the LIFO method, and (b) the proposed method and basis (such as FIFO cost or lower of cost or market)." }, { - "type": "Title", - "element_id": "f63f53aab435b8c9789ab7d6b982db3f", + "type": "NarrativeText", + "element_id": "aca21cfeadca7d527dd36f01005ff44a", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "abfs://container1/IRS-form-1987.pdf", @@ -890,11 +1574,11 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 2 }, - "text": "Sections B-2 and B-3" + "text": "(2) proposed and valuation methods conform to the inventory method currently used with respect to non-LIFO Inventories, if any, or how such method is otherwise consistent with Regulations section 1.4726." }, { "type": "Title", - "element_id": "4688916bf1d6b205af02a0e954156688", + "element_id": "e850deb3f1e65c13e7cd728279a472bf", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "abfs://container1/IRS-form-1987.pdf", @@ -909,11 +1593,11 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 2 }, - "text": "Limitation on the Use of the Cash Method of Accounting. —Except as provided below, C" + "text": "State whether the" }, { - "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "aaf93c2be8f4f2db87bd760783fedfa5", + "type": "Title", + "element_id": "fd3dfa76050e048e229d35a01da6974a", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "abfs://container1/IRS-form-1987.pdf", @@ -928,11 +1612,11 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 2 }, - "text": "corporations, partnerships with a C corporation as a partner, and tax shelters may not use the cash method of accounting. For purposes of this limitation, a trust subject to the tax on unrelated business income under section 511 1s treated as aC corporation with respect to its unrelated trade or business activities." + "text": "identification" }, { - "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "e5bed7fe04dd22cabe5e5c0362d37743", + "type": "Title", + "element_id": "a7e2d26e8d15814dd9c6a1bdc90585c8", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "abfs://container1/IRS-form-1987.pdf", @@ -947,11 +1631,11 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 2 }, - "text": "The limitation on the use of the cash method (except for tax shelters) does not apply to—" + "text": "by" }, { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "69bd87b2ad5873c030748e62adf61b89", + "type": "NarrativeText", + "element_id": "4a9430201a20b0868ab81c8c9e71b881", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "abfs://container1/IRS-form-1987.pdf", @@ -966,11 +1650,11 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 2 }, - "text": "(1) Farming businesses.—F or this purpose, the term “farming business” 1s defined in section 263A(e)(4), but it also includes the raising, harvesting, or growing of trees to which section 263A(c)(5) applies. Notwithstanding this exception, section 447 requires certain C corporations and partnerships with a C corporation as a partner to use the accrual method." + "text": "(3) The termination event statement required section 5.10 of Rev. Proc. 84-74 and an explanation if there has been a termination event." }, { - "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "6d2d2cfa00e5a8caec71ba799f60f8c6", + "type": "Title", + "element_id": "92e21a61e1d872dbbe3e3221a920b409", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "abfs://container1/IRS-form-1987.pdf", @@ -985,11 +1669,11 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 2 }, - "text": "Applicants must give complete details about the present method of valuing inventory and the proposed method. State whether all or part of your inventory ts involved in the change. Inventories of retail merchants.—The retail method of pricing inventories does not contemplate valuation of goods at the retail selling price. The retail selling price of goods on hand must be reduced to approximate cost or cost or market, whichever Is lower, by the adjustments required in Regulations section 1.471-8." + "text": "Section D" }, { - "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "357d52f500b965abc29ea60039de4fd8", + "type": "Title", + "element_id": "8d6743276d5bc8e32d0b05ba0b232db8", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "abfs://container1/IRS-form-1987.pdf", @@ -1004,11 +1688,11 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 2 }, - "text": "LIFO inventory changes.—Attach a schedule with all the required computations when changing the method of figuring LIFO inventories. If you are changing from LIFO to a non-LIFO method, attach a schedule with the following additional information:" + "text": "Section E" }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "1ac3e7aa5a6139bd80f05a7ac1f63ddf", + "element_id": "86fab9f7b35d56a2d48baf0782b7c53d", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "abfs://container1/IRS-form-1987.pdf", @@ -1023,11 +1707,11 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 2 }, - "text": "(1) The specific types and classes of goods in the LIFO inventories involved in the proposed changes and the comparative value of such Inventories as of the end of the tax year preceding the year of change determined by: (a) the LIFO method, and (b) the proposed method and basis (such as FIFO cost or lower of cost or market). (2) State whether the proposed identification and valuation methods conform to the inventory method currently used with respect to non-LIFO Inventories, if any, or how such method is otherwise consistent with Regulations section 1.4726." + "text": "Section 460(f) provides that the term “long-term contract” means any contract for the manufacturing, building, installation, or construction of property that is not completed within the tax year in which it 1s entered into. However, a manufacturing contract will not qualify as a long-term contract unless the contract involves the manufacture of: (1) a unique item not normally included in your finished goods inventory, or (2) any item that normally requires more than 12 calendar months to complete." }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "6028c579dc843bb5aa2c704f46085914", + "element_id": "825f9197a40400f76d2a527e8d7a2c71", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "abfs://container1/IRS-form-1987.pdf", @@ -1042,11 +1726,11 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 2 }, - "text": "(3) The termination event statement required by section 5.10 of Rev. Proc. 84-74 and an explanation if there has been a termination event." + "text": "All long-term contracts entered into after February 28, 1986, except for real property construction contracts expected to be completed within 2 years by contractors whose average annual gross receipts for the 3 prior tax years do not exceed $10,000,000, must be accounted for using either the percentage of completion- capitalized cost method or the percentage of completion method. See section 460." }, { - "type": "Title", - "element_id": "92e21a61e1d872dbbe3e3221a920b409", + "type": "NarrativeText", + "element_id": "dcf589bb37d079ecce4b375abc332606", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "abfs://container1/IRS-form-1987.pdf", @@ -1061,7 +1745,7 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 2 }, - "text": "Section D" + "text": "Caution: At the time these instructions were printed, Congress was considering legislation that would repeal the use of the percentage of completion-capitalized cost method for certain long-term contracts." }, { "type": "Title", @@ -1084,7 +1768,7 @@ }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "fa41a857716f30d6bbee384eada72a90", + "element_id": "cf5e2bc86b7c77533924eb940fd522d5", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "abfs://container1/IRS-form-1987.pdf", @@ -1099,11 +1783,11 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 2 }, - "text": "This section Is to be used only to request a change in a method of accounting for depreciation under section 167. Rev. Proc. 74-11 provides a procedure whereby applicants are considered to have obtained the consent of the Commissioner to change their method of accounting for depreciation. You must file Form 3115 with the Service Center where your return will be filed within the first 180 days of the tax year in which it is desired to make the change. Attach a copy of the form to the income tax return for the tax year of the change. Note: Do not use Form 3115 to make an election under section 168. Such an election may be made only on the tax return for the year in which the property 1s placed in service. In addition, Form 3115 is not to be used to request approval to revoke an election made under section 168. Such a request must be made in accordance with Rev. Proc. 87-1 (updated annually)." + "text": "This section Is to be used only to request a change in a method of accounting for depreciation under section 167." }, { - "type": "Title", - "element_id": "a8155ab3bed92cc259ab58331619e0e1", + "type": "NarrativeText", + "element_id": "b8355dc568ea042f9da586188b404bca", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "abfs://container1/IRS-form-1987.pdf", @@ -1118,11 +1802,11 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 2 }, - "text": "Section H" + "text": "Rev. Proc. 74-11 provides a procedure whereby applicants are considered to have obtained the consent of the Commissioner to change their method of accounting for depreciation. You must file Form 3115 with the Service Center where your return will be filed within the first 180 days of the tax year in which it is desired to make the change. Attach a copy of the form to the income tax return for the tax year of the change." }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "cb1f664a186a87f6560cde136d70b558", + "element_id": "319882ba6726e29222f5522c53887960", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "abfs://container1/IRS-form-1987.pdf", @@ -1137,11 +1821,11 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 2 }, - "text": "Generally, this section should be used for requesting changes In a method of accounting for which provision has not been made elsewhere on this form. Attach additional pages if more space ts needed for a full explanation of the present method used and the proposed change requested." + "text": "Note: Do not use Form 3115 to make an election under section 168. Such an election may be made only on the tax return for the year in which the property 1s placed in service. In addition, Form 3115 is not to be used to request approval to revoke an election made under section 168. Such a request must be made in accordance with Rev. Proc. 87-1 (updated annually)." }, { - "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "86d11953bb813a770ecd242ff97d4e43", + "type": "Title", + "element_id": "a8155ab3bed92cc259ab58331619e0e1", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "abfs://container1/IRS-form-1987.pdf", @@ -1156,11 +1840,11 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 2 }, - "text": "If you are making an election under section 458, show the applicable information under Regulations section 1.458-10." + "text": "Section H" }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "0607edfa2419dd0cdc80f457872fe238", + "element_id": "cb1f664a186a87f6560cde136d70b558", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "abfs://container1/IRS-form-1987.pdf", @@ -1175,11 +1859,11 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 2 }, - "text": "(2) Qualified personal service corporations. — A “qualified personal service corporation” is any corporation: (a) substantially all of the activities of which involve the performance of services in the fields of health, law," + "text": "Generally, this section should be used for requesting changes In a method of accounting for which provision has not been made elsewhere on this form. Attach additional pages if more space ts needed for a full explanation of the present method used and the proposed change requested." }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "50d16fd6b40a428c3befaf6dd19c2dcd", + "element_id": "86d11953bb813a770ecd242ff97d4e43", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "abfs://container1/IRS-form-1987.pdf", @@ -1194,11 +1878,11 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 2 }, - "text": "engineering, architecture, accounting, actuarial science, performing arts, or consulting, and (b)" + "text": "If you are making an election under section 458, show the applicable information under Regulations section 1.458-10." }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "a8e72799229bc2d754f44ea167a6e7d6", + "element_id": "df67e4b3a4a1352209c2648b87d675e2", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "abfs://container1/IRS-form-1987.pdf", @@ -1213,11 +1897,11 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 2 }, - "text": "Applicants requesting to change their method of valuing property produced, property acquired for resale, or long-term contracts under section 263A or 460 MUST complete section D showing the treatment under both the present and proposed methods." + "text": "(2) Qualified personal service corporations. — A “qualified personal service corporation” is any corporation: (a) substantially all of the activities of which involve the performance of services in the fields of health, law, engineering, architecture, accounting, actuarial science, performing arts, or consulting, and (b)" }, { - "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "c0a5f5aa4012d18970939d7bb8299e38", + "type": "NarrativeText", + "element_id": "3167823c1d2039b4c48efe2f6c89b5c2", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "abfs://container1/IRS-form-1987.pdf", @@ -1232,11 +1916,11 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 2 }, - "text": "% U.S." + "text": "Applicants requesting change valuing property produced, property acquired for resale, or long-term contracts under section 263A or 460 MUST complete section D showing the treatment under both the present and proposed methods." }, { "type": "Title", - "element_id": "c71e90d2f497062ba8d068af0bed2a3d", + "element_id": "663ea1bfffe5038f3f0cf667f14c4257", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "abfs://container1/IRS-form-1987.pdf", @@ -1251,11 +1935,11 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 2 }, - "text": "Government" + "text": "to" }, { "type": "Title", - "element_id": "c0f169737344e28e87eb123df627ba6a", + "element_id": "7574058dd32c12eb33bc649b5e36bdcb", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "abfs://container1/IRS-form-1987.pdf", @@ -1270,11 +1954,11 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 2 }, - "text": "Printing" + "text": "their method of" }, { - "type": "Title", - "element_id": "749720aad1daf3c5dfeda1d87555ff87", + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "bbf3f11cb5b43e700273a78d12de55e4", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "abfs://container1/IRS-form-1987.pdf", @@ -1289,11 +1973,11 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 2 }, - "text": "Office:" + "text": "%" }, { - "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "de444aa0e8db0c05d86ad56e28d5fb26", + "type": "NarrativeText", + "element_id": "4bde94dc330268d2f63a09423409c6d4", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "abfs://container1/IRS-form-1987.pdf", @@ -1308,7 +1992,7 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 2 }, - "text": "1987—201-993/60166" + "text": "U.S. Government Printing Office: 1987—201-993/60166" }, { "type": "Title", diff --git a/test_unstructured_ingest/expected-structured-output/azure/IRS-form-1987.png.json b/test_unstructured_ingest/expected-structured-output/azure/IRS-form-1987.png.json index 2034680177..6874f8d561 100644 --- a/test_unstructured_ingest/expected-structured-output/azure/IRS-form-1987.png.json +++ b/test_unstructured_ingest/expected-structured-output/azure/IRS-form-1987.png.json @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ [ { "type": "Title", - "element_id": "9e4a454d91ac1f220324c6d1a0377093", + "element_id": "92405c82f76df8b2cbbc6047bd10e0ff", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "abfs://container1/IRS-form-1987.png", @@ -16,11 +16,11 @@ "filetype": "image/png", "page_number": 1 }, - "text": "rh Department of the Treasury Internal Revenue Service" + "text": "rh Department of the Treasury Internal Revenue Service Instructions for Form 3115 (Rev. November 1987) Application for Change in Accoun ig Method" }, { - "type": "Title", - "element_id": "88591a76b54e47215c0827ae8838ec13", + "type": "NarrativeText", + "element_id": "766cf1d1243ef2cdbb0db5ad32d7f9c9", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "abfs://container1/IRS-form-1987.png", @@ -35,11 +35,11 @@ "filetype": "image/png", "page_number": 1 }, - "text": "Instructions for Form 3115 (Rev. November 1987)" + "text": "(Section references are to the Internal Revenue Code unless otherwise noted.)" }, { - "type": "Title", - "element_id": "f91d5fcc0fb964060b132e98f23cf182", + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "e16bce609163ec96985ae522ca81502a", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "abfs://container1/IRS-form-1987.png", @@ -54,11 +54,11 @@ "filetype": "image/png", "page_number": 1 }, - "text": "Application for Change in Accoun ig Method" + "text": "‘A." }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "766cf1d1243ef2cdbb0db5ad32d7f9c9", + "element_id": "c9bc33e913a25aaffa8367aa11bc8ed9", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "abfs://container1/IRS-form-1987.png", @@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ "filetype": "image/png", "page_number": 1 }, - "text": "(Section references are to the Internal Revenue Code unless otherwise noted.)" + "text": "Internal Revenue laws of the United States. We need it to ensure that taxpayers are complying with these laws an¢ to allow us to figure and collect the nght amount of tax. You are required to this information." }, { "type": "Title", @@ -96,7 +96,26 @@ }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "4660422c06dddc914ab634c5e4045dec", + "element_id": "5d18f0234e23bc96198c9fb19601056a", + "metadata": { + "data_source": { + "url": "abfs://container1/IRS-form-1987.png", + "version": 328871203465633719836776597535876541325, + "record_locator": { + "protocol": "abfs", + "remote_file_path": "container1/IRS-form-1987.png" + }, + "date_created": "2023-03-10T09:44:55+00:00", + "date_modified": "2023-03-10T09:44:55+00:00" + }, + "filetype": "image/png", + "page_number": 1 + }, + "text": "We ask for this information to carry out the" + }, + { + "type": "NarrativeText", + "element_id": "84ab8a2c9ef5f989df144a0ca4576c45", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "abfs://container1/IRS-form-1987.png", @@ -111,7 +130,7 @@ "filetype": "image/png", "page_number": 1 }, - "text": "We ask for this information to carry out the Internal Revenue laws of the United States. We need it to ensure that taxpayers are complying with these laws an¢ to allow us to figure and collect the nght amount of tax. You are required to give us this information." + "text": "give us" }, { "type": "Title", @@ -172,7 +191,45 @@ }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "b3859f2f29884b1d3ba0892e52859a99", + "element_id": "06658399dddcd1d4d4fda8f9fa90fd53", + "metadata": { + "data_source": { + "url": "abfs://container1/IRS-form-1987.png", + "version": 328871203465633719836776597535876541325, + "record_locator": { + "protocol": "abfs", + "remote_file_path": "container1/IRS-form-1987.png" + }, + "date_created": "2023-03-10T09:44:55+00:00", + "date_modified": "2023-03-10T09:44:55+00:00" + }, + "filetype": "image/png", + "page_number": 1 + }, + "text": "filing taxpayers are reminded to determine if IRS has published a ruling or procedure dealing with the specific type of change since November 1987 (the current. revision date of Form 3115)" + }, + { + "type": "Title", + "element_id": "cf9c7aa24a26aac4f0ec4b6395cbfdcc", + "metadata": { + "data_source": { + "url": "abfs://container1/IRS-form-1987.png", + "version": 328871203465633719836776597535876541325, + "record_locator": { + "protocol": "abfs", + "remote_file_path": "container1/IRS-form-1987.png" + }, + "date_created": "2023-03-10T09:44:55+00:00", + "date_modified": "2023-03-10T09:44:55+00:00" + }, + "filetype": "image/png", + "page_number": 1 + }, + "text": "When" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "2127f2ab4fc4feb4d32460c8317bf02f", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "abfs://container1/IRS-form-1987.png", @@ -187,11 +244,11 @@ "filetype": "image/png", "page_number": 1 }, - "text": "When filing Form 3115, taxpayers are reminded to determine if IRS has published a ruling or procedure dealing with the specific type of change since November 1987 (the current. revision date of Form 3115)" + "text": "Form 3115," }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "e5a95dc10d4071983b70898a21f11175", + "element_id": "067f3707c33a901f968188d9592065e9", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "abfs://container1/IRS-form-1987.png", @@ -206,7 +263,7 @@ "filetype": "image/png", "page_number": 1 }, - "text": "Generally, applicants must complete Section ‘A. In addition, complete the appropriate sections (B:1 through H) for which a change is desired." + "text": "Generally, applicants must complete Section In addition, complete the appropriate sections (B:1 through H) for which a change is desired." }, { "type": "NarrativeText", @@ -266,8 +323,27 @@ "text": "Changes to Accounting Methods Required Under the Tax Reform Act of 1986" }, { - "type": "Title", - "element_id": "11c98a9cbd6a200fbc5b93fed15007ac", + "type": "NarrativeText", + "element_id": "c10c0c63b05172dff854d1d0e570c588", + "metadata": { + "data_source": { + "url": "abfs://container1/IRS-form-1987.png", + "version": 328871203465633719836776597535876541325, + "record_locator": { + "protocol": "abfs", + "remote_file_path": "container1/IRS-form-1987.png" + }, + "date_created": "2023-03-10T09:44:55+00:00", + "date_modified": "2023-03-10T09:44:55+00:00" + }, + "filetype": "image/png", + "page_number": 1 + }, + "text": "Uniform capitalization rules and limitation on cash method.—If you are required to change your method of accounting under section, 263A (relating to the capitalization and inclusion in inventory costs of certain expenses) or 448 (imiting the use of the cash method of accounting by certain taxpayers) as added by the Tax Reform Act of 1986 (\"Act\"), the change is treated as initiated by the taxpayer, approved by the Commissioner, and the period for taking the adjustments under section 481(a) into account will not exceed 4 years. (Hospitals required to cchange from the cash method under section 448 have 10 years to take the adjustments into account.) Complete Section A and the appropriate sections (B-1 or C and D) for which the change is required" + }, + { + "type": "NarrativeText", + "element_id": "fc2252774c86adc22225761fc0bee985", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "abfs://container1/IRS-form-1987.png", @@ -282,11 +358,11 @@ "filetype": "image/png", "page_number": 1 }, - "text": "Uniform capitalization rules and limitation on" + "text": "Disregard the instructions under Time and Place for Filing and Late Applications. instead, attach Form 3115 to your income tax return for the year of change; do not file it separately. Also include on a separate statement accompanying the Form 3115 the period over which the section 481(2) adjustment will be taken into account and the basis for that conclusion. Identify the automatic change being made at the top of page 1 of Form 3118 eg. “Automatic Change to Accrual Method—Section 448”). See Temporary Regulations sections 1.263A-1T and 1.448-1T for additional information" }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "b07efea243933525e9ec04a90622508d", + "element_id": "dbf06d87f9be9871dfd64bd0a7bba567", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "abfs://container1/IRS-form-1987.png", @@ -301,11 +377,11 @@ "filetype": "image/png", "page_number": 1 }, - "text": "cash method.—If you are required to change your method of accounting under section, 263A (relating to the capitalization and inclusion in inventory costs of certain expenses) or 448 (imiting the use of the cash method of accounting by certain taxpayers) as added by the Tax Reform Act of 1986 (\"Act\"), the change is treated as initiated by the taxpayer, approved by the Commissioner, and the period for taking the adjustments under section 481(a) into account will not exceed 4 years. (Hospitals required to cchange from the cash method under section 448 have 10 years to take the adjustments into account.) Complete Section A and the appropriate sections (B-1 or C and D) for which the change is required" + "text": "change your method of accounting for long-term contracts under section 460, see Notice 87-61 (9/21/87), 1987-38 IRB 40, for the notification procedures that must be followed." }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "39458f370b98a606db29ac6dee975e07", + "element_id": "03c4a83e399f2f669047b3fcfeae5867", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "abfs://container1/IRS-form-1987.png", @@ -320,11 +396,11 @@ "filetype": "image/png", "page_number": 1 }, - "text": "Disregard the instructions under Time and Place for Filing and Late Applications. instead, attach Form 3115 to your income tax return for the year of change; do not file it separately. Also include on a separate statement accompanying the Form 3115 the period over which the section 481(2) adjustment will be taken into account and" + "text": "Long-term contracts.—If you are required to" }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "663dd3791cc24190a45998ca7914f88e", + "element_id": "463ce4107785bb9854ad10b81d93dc7f", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "abfs://container1/IRS-form-1987.png", @@ -339,11 +415,11 @@ "filetype": "image/png", "page_number": 1 }, - "text": "the basis for that conclusion. Identify the automatic change being made at the top of page 1 of Form 3118 eg. “Automatic Change to Accrual Method—Section 448”). See Temporary Regulations sections 1.263A-1T and 1.448-1T for additional information" + "text": "Other methods. —Unless the Service has published a regulation or procedure to the contrary, all other changes in accounting methods required by the Act are automatically considered to be approved by the Commissioner. Examples of method changes automatically approved by the Commissioner are those changes required to effect: (1) the repeal of the reserve method for bad debts of taxpayers other than financial institutions (Act section 805); (2) the repeal of the installment method for sales under a revolving credit plan (Act section 812); (3) the Inclusion of mcome attributable to the sale or furnishing of utility services no later than the year in which the services were provided to customers (Act section 821); and (4) the repeal of the deduction for qualified discount coupons (Act section 823). Do not file Form 3115 for these" }, { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "4e4069c49822cae18add18758619535b", + "type": "Title", + "element_id": "d3eda7d7ed44b4b43fcbfa6f83f6fad3", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "abfs://container1/IRS-form-1987.png", @@ -358,7 +434,7 @@ "filetype": "image/png", "page_number": 1 }, - "text": "Long-term contracts.—If you are required to change your method of accounting for long-term contracts under section 460, see Notice 87-61 (9/21/87), 1987-38 IRB 40, for the notification procedures that must be followed. Other methods. —Unless the Service has published a regulation or procedure to the contrary, all other changes in accounting methods required by the Act are automatically considered to be approved by the Commissioner. Examples of method changes automatically approved by the Commissioner are those changes required to effect: (1) the repeal of the reserve method for bad debts of taxpayers other than financial institutions (Act section 805); (2) the repeal of the installment method for sales under a revolving credit plan (Act section 812); (3) the Inclusion of mcome attributable to the sale or furnishing of utility services no later than the year in which the services were provided to customers (Act section 821); and (4) the repeal of the deduction for qualified discount coupons (Act section 823). Do not file Form 3115 for these changes." + "text": "changes." }, { "type": "Title", @@ -381,7 +457,7 @@ }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "83042962477fa38e403e861f8edfdd4b", + "element_id": "7941057d83c91b25cee4374b3ab06eaa", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "abfs://container1/IRS-form-1987.png", @@ -396,11 +472,11 @@ "filetype": "image/png", "page_number": 1 }, - "text": "Generally, applicants must file this form within the first 180 days of the tax year in which itis desired to make the change. Taxpayers, other than exempt organizations, should file Form 3115 with the Commissioner of Internal Revenue, Attention: CC:C:4, 1111 Constitution Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20224, Exempt organizations should file with the Assistant Commissioner (Employee Plans and Exempt Organizations), 1111 Constitution Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20224. You should normally receive an acknowledgment of receipt of your application within 30 days. If you do not hear from IRS within 30 days of submitting your completed Form 3115, you may inquire as to the receipt of your application by writing to: Control Clerk, CC:C:4, Internal Revenue Service, Room 5040, 1111 Constitution Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20224." + "text": "Generally, applicants must file this form within the first 180 days of the tax year in which itis desired to make the change." }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "df0e66d1a434e95e4051ddcb968c94c9", + "element_id": "9dda11db48254f5e0d0000afb5d1dd9b", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "abfs://container1/IRS-form-1987.png", @@ -415,7 +491,83 @@ "filetype": "image/png", "page_number": 1 }, - "text": "See section 5.03 of Rev. Proc. 84-74 for filing an early application, Note: If this form is being filed in accordance with Rey. Proc. 74-11, see Section G below." + "text": "Taxpayers, other than exempt organizations, should file Form 3115 with the Commissioner of Internal Revenue, Attention: CC:C:4, 1111 Constitution Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20224, Exempt organizations should file with the Assistant Commissioner (Employee Plans and Exempt Organizations), 1111 Constitution Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20224." + }, + { + "type": "NarrativeText", + "element_id": "4d063cdbd131401fa29e1d0e824dc017", + "metadata": { + "data_source": { + "url": "abfs://container1/IRS-form-1987.png", + "version": 328871203465633719836776597535876541325, + "record_locator": { + "protocol": "abfs", + "remote_file_path": "container1/IRS-form-1987.png" + }, + "date_created": "2023-03-10T09:44:55+00:00", + "date_modified": "2023-03-10T09:44:55+00:00" + }, + "filetype": "image/png", + "page_number": 1 + }, + "text": "You should normally receive an acknowledgment of receipt of your application within 30 days. If you do not hear from IRS within 30 days of submitting your completed Form 3115, you may inquire as to the receipt of your application by writing to: Control Clerk, CC:C:4, Internal Revenue Service, Room 5040, 1111 Constitution Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20224." + }, + { + "type": "Title", + "element_id": "ea325d761f98c6b73320e442b67f2a35", + "metadata": { + "data_source": { + "url": "abfs://container1/IRS-form-1987.png", + "version": 328871203465633719836776597535876541325, + "record_locator": { + "protocol": "abfs", + "remote_file_path": "container1/IRS-form-1987.png" + }, + "date_created": "2023-03-10T09:44:55+00:00", + "date_modified": "2023-03-10T09:44:55+00:00" + }, + "filetype": "image/png", + "page_number": 1 + }, + "text": "an" + }, + { + "type": "NarrativeText", + "element_id": "e3e2ccf4f0d1524d4f5ce42e8f2d1efa", + "metadata": { + "data_source": { + "url": "abfs://container1/IRS-form-1987.png", + "version": 328871203465633719836776597535876541325, + "record_locator": { + "protocol": "abfs", + "remote_file_path": "container1/IRS-form-1987.png" + }, + "date_created": "2023-03-10T09:44:55+00:00", + "date_modified": "2023-03-10T09:44:55+00:00" + }, + "filetype": "image/png", + "page_number": 1 + }, + "text": "See section 5.03 of Rev. Proc. 84-74 for filing early application," + }, + { + "type": "NarrativeText", + "element_id": "11cb901986e9621aadbd76e6f7400809", + "metadata": { + "data_source": { + "url": "abfs://container1/IRS-form-1987.png", + "version": 328871203465633719836776597535876541325, + "record_locator": { + "protocol": "abfs", + "remote_file_path": "container1/IRS-form-1987.png" + }, + "date_created": "2023-03-10T09:44:55+00:00", + "date_modified": "2023-03-10T09:44:55+00:00" + }, + "filetype": "image/png", + "page_number": 1 + }, + "text": "Note: If this form is being filed in accordance with Rey. Proc. 74-11, see Section G below." }, { "type": "Title", @@ -493,9 +645,85 @@ }, "text": "Individuals. —An individual should enter his or her social security number in this block. If the application is made on behalf of a husband and wife who file their income tax return jointly, enter the social security numbers of both." }, + { + "type": "Title", + "element_id": "ea325d761f98c6b73320e442b67f2a35", + "metadata": { + "data_source": { + "url": "abfs://container1/IRS-form-1987.png", + "version": 328871203465633719836776597535876541325, + "record_locator": { + "protocol": "abfs", + "remote_file_path": "container1/IRS-form-1987.png" + }, + "date_created": "2023-03-10T09:44:55+00:00", + "date_modified": "2023-03-10T09:44:55+00:00" + }, + "filetype": "image/png", + "page_number": 1 + }, + "text": "an" + }, + { + "type": "NarrativeText", + "element_id": "e72d9c8a779a47796c4362b7885aa80b", + "metadata": { + "data_source": { + "url": "abfs://container1/IRS-form-1987.png", + "version": 328871203465633719836776597535876541325, + "record_locator": { + "protocol": "abfs", + "remote_file_path": "container1/IRS-form-1987.png" + }, + "date_created": "2023-03-10T09:44:55+00:00", + "date_modified": "2023-03-10T09:44:55+00:00" + }, + "filetype": "image/png", + "page_number": 1 + }, + "text": "Others.-—The employer identification number applicant other than an individual should be entered in this block," + }, + { + "type": "Title", + "element_id": "28391d3bc64ec15cbb090426b04aa6b7", + "metadata": { + "data_source": { + "url": "abfs://container1/IRS-form-1987.png", + "version": 328871203465633719836776597535876541325, + "record_locator": { + "protocol": "abfs", + "remote_file_path": "container1/IRS-form-1987.png" + }, + "date_created": "2023-03-10T09:44:55+00:00", + "date_modified": "2023-03-10T09:44:55+00:00" + }, + "filetype": "image/png", + "page_number": 1 + }, + "text": "of" + }, + { + "type": "Title", + "element_id": "6a7faddb3ac8b6e14dad65f081428865", + "metadata": { + "data_source": { + "url": "abfs://container1/IRS-form-1987.png", + "version": 328871203465633719836776597535876541325, + "record_locator": { + "protocol": "abfs", + "remote_file_path": "container1/IRS-form-1987.png" + }, + "date_created": "2023-03-10T09:44:55+00:00", + "date_modified": "2023-03-10T09:44:55+00:00" + }, + "filetype": "image/png", + "page_number": 1 + }, + "text": "Signature Individieale" + }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "9240bfa889b87dc2fb3fa746ca4eeeb4", + "element_id": "48cd565f152ff17bab8eba19eb23db34", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "abfs://container1/IRS-form-1987.png", @@ -510,11 +738,49 @@ "filetype": "image/png", "page_number": 1 }, - "text": "Others.-—The employer identification number of an applicant other than an individual should be entered in this block," + "text": "Individuals.—An individual desiring the change should sign the application. Ifthe application pertains to a husband and wife filing a joint Income tax return, the names of both should appear in the heading and both should" }, { "type": "Title", - "element_id": "55d4f33b09f24dd3b27865a5f34bfeb9", + "element_id": "0b6f395ca14ac202374d5cff678b7115", + "metadata": { + "data_source": { + "url": "abfs://container1/IRS-form-1987.png", + "version": 328871203465633719836776597535876541325, + "record_locator": { + "protocol": "abfs", + "remote_file_path": "container1/IRS-form-1987.png" + }, + "date_created": "2023-03-10T09:44:55+00:00", + "date_modified": "2023-03-10T09:44:55+00:00" + }, + "filetype": "image/png", + "page_number": 1 + }, + "text": "sign" + }, + { + "type": "NarrativeText", + "element_id": "7d3a67d75914a504a52ec53998b796af", + "metadata": { + "data_source": { + "url": "abfs://container1/IRS-form-1987.png", + "version": 328871203465633719836776597535876541325, + "record_locator": { + "protocol": "abfs", + "remote_file_path": "container1/IRS-form-1987.png" + }, + "date_created": "2023-03-10T09:44:55+00:00", + "date_modified": "2023-03-10T09:44:55+00:00" + }, + "filetype": "image/png", + "page_number": 1 + }, + "text": "Partnerships.—The form should be signed with the partnership name followed by the signature of one of the general partners and the words “General Partner.”" + }, + { + "type": "NarrativeText", + "element_id": "ee6a9bcef7e5e33bc26f419812e2c77a", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "abfs://container1/IRS-form-1987.png", @@ -529,11 +795,11 @@ "filetype": "image/png", "page_number": 1 }, - "text": "Signature tea" + "text": "Corporations, cooperatives, and insurance companies.—The form should show the name of the corporation, cooperative, or insurance Company and the signature of the president, vice president, treasurer, assistant treasurer, or chief accounting officer (such as tax officer) authorized tosign, and his or her official title. Receivers, trustees, or assignees must sign any application they are required to file, For a subsidiary corporation filing a consolidated return with its parent, the form should be signed by an officer of the parent corporation," }, { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "f8e8c87d2e958a23153d7f25b159f0ee", + "type": "NarrativeText", + "element_id": "ba7f9dc18be2bf9219e020112b426526", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "abfs://container1/IRS-form-1987.png", @@ -548,11 +814,11 @@ "filetype": "image/png", "page_number": 1 }, - "text": "Individuals.—An individual desiring the change should sign the application. Ifthe application pertains to a husband and wife filing a joint Income tax return, the names of both should appear in the heading and both should sign Partnerships.—The form should be signed with the partnership name followed by the signature of one of the general partners and the words “General Partner.” Corporations, cooperatives, and insurance companies.—The form should show the name of the corporation, cooperative, or insurance Company and the signature of the president, vice president, treasurer, assistant treasurer, or chief accounting officer (such as tax officer) authorized tosign, and his or her official title. Receivers, trustees, or assignees must sign any application they are required to file, For a subsidiary corporation filing a consolidated return with its parent, the form should be signed by an officer of the parent corporation, Fiduciaries.—The-form should show the name of the estate or trust and be signed by the fiduciary, personal representative, executor, executrix, administrator, administratrx, etc’, having legal authority to'sign, and his or her ttle. Preparer other than partner, officer, etc.—The signature of the individual preparing the application should appear in the space provided on page 6." + "text": "Fiduciaries.—The-form should show the" }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "35f1273e073cf159019550bc35b6692c", + "element_id": "e3c8d21cabd10cc36b53107e58a5be8d", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "abfs://container1/IRS-form-1987.png", @@ -567,7 +833,64 @@ "filetype": "image/png", "page_number": 1 }, - "text": "Ifthe individual or firm is also authorized to represent the applicant before the IRS, receive a copy of the requested ruling, or perform any other act(s), the power of attorney must reflect such authorization(s)." + "text": "name of the estate or trust and be signed by the fiduciary, personal representative, executor, executrix, administrator, administratrx, etc’, having legal authority to'sign, and his or her ttle." + }, + { + "type": "NarrativeText", + "element_id": "52e2b8e4b8527ae448e9db2dfd0c43c7", + "metadata": { + "data_source": { + "url": "abfs://container1/IRS-form-1987.png", + "version": 328871203465633719836776597535876541325, + "record_locator": { + "protocol": "abfs", + "remote_file_path": "container1/IRS-form-1987.png" + }, + "date_created": "2023-03-10T09:44:55+00:00", + "date_modified": "2023-03-10T09:44:55+00:00" + }, + "filetype": "image/png", + "page_number": 1 + }, + "text": "Preparer other than partner, officer, etc.—The signature of the individual preparing the application should appear in the space provided on page 6." + }, + { + "type": "Title", + "element_id": "ca978112ca1bbdcafac231b39a23dc4d", + "metadata": { + "data_source": { + "url": "abfs://container1/IRS-form-1987.png", + "version": 328871203465633719836776597535876541325, + "record_locator": { + "protocol": "abfs", + "remote_file_path": "container1/IRS-form-1987.png" + }, + "date_created": "2023-03-10T09:44:55+00:00", + "date_modified": "2023-03-10T09:44:55+00:00" + }, + "filetype": "image/png", + "page_number": 1 + }, + "text": "a" + }, + { + "type": "NarrativeText", + "element_id": "8200352b4e91b1be4f14e9248d50380a", + "metadata": { + "data_source": { + "url": "abfs://container1/IRS-form-1987.png", + "version": 328871203465633719836776597535876541325, + "record_locator": { + "protocol": "abfs", + "remote_file_path": "container1/IRS-form-1987.png" + }, + "date_created": "2023-03-10T09:44:55+00:00", + "date_modified": "2023-03-10T09:44:55+00:00" + }, + "filetype": "image/png", + "page_number": 1 + }, + "text": "Ifthe individual or firm is also authorized to represent the applicant before the IRS, receive copy of the requested ruling, or perform any other act(s), the power of attorney must reflect such authorization(s)." }, { "type": "Title", @@ -609,7 +932,64 @@ }, { "type": "Title", - "element_id": "58703de56debc34a1d68e6ed6f8fd067", + "element_id": "8b838d95f7d4f66b5453307de1353ff4", + "metadata": { + "data_source": { + "url": "abfs://container1/IRS-form-1987.png", + "version": 328871203465633719836776597535876541325, + "record_locator": { + "protocol": "abfs", + "remote_file_path": "container1/IRS-form-1987.png" + }, + "date_created": "2023-03-10T09:44:55+00:00", + "date_modified": "2023-03-10T09:44:55+00:00" + }, + "filetype": "image/png", + "page_number": 1 + }, + "text": "Specific Instructions" + }, + { + "type": "Title", + "element_id": "bc272940e494acf9441070d3eb4b79f6", + "metadata": { + "data_source": { + "url": "abfs://container1/IRS-form-1987.png", + "version": 328871203465633719836776597535876541325, + "record_locator": { + "protocol": "abfs", + "remote_file_path": "container1/IRS-form-1987.png" + }, + "date_created": "2023-03-10T09:44:55+00:00", + "date_modified": "2023-03-10T09:44:55+00:00" + }, + "filetype": "image/png", + "page_number": 1 + }, + "text": "Section A" + }, + { + "type": "NarrativeText", + "element_id": "a6c53a8898025076b8c0397178f95fa3", + "metadata": { + "data_source": { + "url": "abfs://container1/IRS-form-1987.png", + "version": 328871203465633719836776597535876541325, + "record_locator": { + "protocol": "abfs", + "remote_file_path": "container1/IRS-form-1987.png" + }, + "date_created": "2023-03-10T09:44:55+00:00", + "date_modified": "2023-03-10T09:44:55+00:00" + }, + "filetype": "image/png", + "page_number": 1 + }, + "text": "Item 5a, page 1.—“Taxable income or (loss) from operations” is to be entered before application of any net operating loss deduction under section 172(a)" + }, + { + "type": "NarrativeText", + "element_id": "e9278d083996ccb1f39236b8064b28cd", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "abfs://container1/IRS-form-1987.png", @@ -624,11 +1004,11 @@ "filetype": "image/png", "page_number": 1 }, - "text": "Specific Instructions Section A" + "text": "Item 6, page 2.—The term “gross receipts” Includes total sales (net of returns and allowances) and all amounts received for services. in addition, gross receipts include any income from investments and from incidental or outside sources (e.g., interest, dividends, rents, royalties, and annuities). However, if you area resaler of personal property, exclude from gross receipts any amounts not derived in the ordinary course of a trade or business. Gross receipts do not include amounts received for sales taxes if, tunder the applicable state or local law, the taxis legally imposed on the purchaser of the good or service, and the taxpayer merely collects and remits the tax to the taxing authority." }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "5e7793489f88d7c9187dad66e787898f", + "element_id": "4b4424f821633ea87deab36702d4c113", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "abfs://container1/IRS-form-1987.png", @@ -643,6 +1023,6 @@ "filetype": "image/png", "page_number": 1 }, - "text": "Item 5a, page 1.—“Taxable income or (loss) from operations” is to be entered before application of any net operating loss deduction under section 172(a) Item 6, page 2.—The term “gross receipts” Includes total sales (net of returns and allowances) and all amounts received for services. in addition, gross receipts include any income from investments and from incidental or outside sources (e.g., interest, dividends, rents, royalties, and annuities). However, if you area resaler of personal property, exclude from gross receipts any amounts not derived in the ordinary course of a trade or business. Gross receipts do not include amounts received for sales taxes if, tunder the applicable state or local law, the taxis legally imposed on the purchaser of the good or service, and the taxpayer merely collects and remits the tax to the taxing authority. Item 7b, page 2.—If item 7b 1s \"Yes,\" indicate ona separate sheet the following for each separate trade or business: Nature of business" + "text": "Item 7b, page 2.—If item 7b 1s \"Yes,\" indicate ona separate sheet the following for each separate trade or business: Nature of business" } ] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/test_unstructured_ingest/expected-structured-output/biomed-api/65/11/main.PMC6312790.pdf.json b/test_unstructured_ingest/expected-structured-output/biomed-api/65/11/main.PMC6312790.pdf.json index 35d4a581e4..399ba6c1ab 100644 --- a/test_unstructured_ingest/expected-structured-output/biomed-api/65/11/main.PMC6312790.pdf.json +++ b/test_unstructured_ingest/expected-structured-output/biomed-api/65/11/main.PMC6312790.pdf.json @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ [ { - "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "0e58869830c7b4461a4d1879223e4139", + "type": "Header", + "element_id": "c1f4b5ba045830c1866db8f8aa0b54ac", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", @@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "b0658ce9dccc0acba9a472c2bb992cc9", + "element_id": "869adddb184177031536477262e0dde0", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", @@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ }, { "type": "Title", - "element_id": "f2fe9c33b7e8535efebf7c20ebce297c", + "element_id": "e6fa42b5b4d85001b900e47c050b645b", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", @@ -30,8 +30,8 @@ "text": "Data in Brief" }, { - "type": "Title", - "element_id": "0ca3f075fdccf9232449ff461b63ceb9", + "type": "NarrativeText", + "element_id": "9234133787d0a6b3976b16569c0b5cf3", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", @@ -40,8 +40,8 @@ "text": "journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/dib" }, { - "type": "Title", - "element_id": "0ccb3a9876bbc64a1ca09fa40c4f844d", + "type": "NarrativeText", + "element_id": "ac01687ab870e4bb6e7313db4654928a", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", @@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ "text": "(Jee" }, { - "type": "NarrativeText", + "type": "Title", "element_id": "4f14d967ea87a75ad1acee27ff34e59e", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, @@ -90,864 +90,434 @@ "text": "Department of Chemical, Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa" }, { - "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "fbd221e3c1f82c8601661213b98b0962", + "type": "Title", + "element_id": "3d71760ba4f1cc95873ee36178f97d82", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 1 }, - "text": "a r t i c l e i n f o" + "text": "ARTICLE INFO" }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "d6923075e35e5f3296e0d24ceb70a2bb", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 1 - }, - "text": "a b s t r a c t" - }, - { - "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "c382dd715a85d683f056834c4af7be85", + "element_id": "fbd221e3c1f82c8601661213b98b0962", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 1 }, - "text": "Article history: Received 31 August 2018 Received in revised form 17 November 2018 Accepted 27 November 2018 Available online 30 November 2018" + "text": "a r t i c l e i n f o" }, { "type": "Title", - "element_id": "abe4641521caf8385f30e81099f3a8c6", + "element_id": "3d1626989d3e923485561f1e5bdeaa58", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 1 }, - "text": "Keywords: Corrosion Stainless steel Inhibitor Sulphuric acid" + "text": "ABSTRACT" }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "26c73759c3d3cc29d683910c034432da", + "element_id": "d6923075e35e5f3296e0d24ceb70a2bb", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 1 }, - "text": "This data article contains data related to the research article entitled “enhanced corrosion resistance of stainless steel Type 316 in sulphuric acid solution using eco-friendly waste product” (Sanni et al., 2018). In this data article, a comprehensive effect of waste product and optimized process parameter of the inhibitor in 0.5 M H2SO4 solution was presented using weight loss and potentiody- the inhibitor namic polarization techniques. The presence of (egg shell powder) influenced corrosion resistance of stainless steel. Inhibition efficiency value of 94.74% was recorded as a result of inhibition of the steel by the ionized molecules of the inhibiting compound of the egg shell powder influencing the redox mechan- ism reactions responsible for corrosion and surface deterioration." + "text": "a b s t r a c t" }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "260cf1397ece5718c2d35900917688de", + "element_id": "4a03002c97925cd9397927ac823369e7", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 1 }, - "text": "& 2018 Published by Elsevier Inc. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)." - }, - { - "type": "Title", - "element_id": "8c625bd30cfb1b77c8ba8d4e863d0bb3", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 1 - }, - "text": "Specification table" - }, - { - "type": "Title", - "element_id": "ac89a2886224c42ad15982cd34421ff8", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 1 - }, - "text": "Subject area More specific subject area Surface science and engineering Type of data" + "text": "Article history: Received 31 August 2018 Received in revised form 17 November 2018 Accepted 27 November 2018 Available online 30 November 2018" }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "0a789b33a0101a46f5a01d22d9a6ce2b", + "element_id": "08bb309957586c280660c11c337dc6d7", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 1 }, - "text": "* Corresponding author. tayo.sanni@yahoo.com; SanniO@tut.ac.za E-mail address: tayo.sanni@yahoo.com (O. Sanni)." + "text": "Keywords: Corrosion Stainless steel Inhibitor Sulphuric acid" }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "511abaee4573f467ba654d2a697efb03", + "element_id": "26c73759c3d3cc29d683910c034432da", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 1 }, - "text": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2018.11.134 2352-3409/& 2018 Published by Elsevier Inc. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)." - }, - { - "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "549a2fac47d713cc00f2db498ad6b557", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 2 - }, - "text": "452" + "text": "This data article contains data related to the research article entitled “enhanced corrosion resistance of stainless steel Type 316 in sulphuric acid solution using eco-friendly waste product” (Sanni et al., 2018). In this data article, a comprehensive effect of waste product and optimized process parameter of the inhibitor in 0.5 M H2SO4 solution was presented using weight loss and potentiody- the inhibitor namic polarization techniques. The presence of (egg shell powder) influenced corrosion resistance of stainless steel. Inhibition efficiency value of 94.74% was recorded as a result of inhibition of the steel by the ionized molecules of the inhibiting compound of the egg shell powder influencing the redox mechan- ism reactions responsible for corrosion and surface deterioration." }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "9ca201e648ed74cfc838b6661f59addf", + "element_id": "62e4907f12a32a7b9ccd57ed477eb54a", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 2 + "page_number": 1 }, - "text": "O. Sanni, A.P.I. Popoola / Data in Brief 22 (2019) 451–457" + "text": "reactions responsible for corrosion and surface deterioration. © 2018 Published by Elsevier Inc. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license" }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "6928b78d26af54b6acb804ed319b5c05", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 2 - }, - "text": "How data were acquired" - }, - { - "type": "Title", - "element_id": "41e0fa358cefcadbb2633ec45ff2d129", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 2 - }, - "text": "Data format Experimental factors" - }, - { - "type": "Title", - "element_id": "9769bb23c49762a84b464e817703bc35", + "element_id": "260cf1397ece5718c2d35900917688de", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 2 + "page_number": 1 }, - "text": "Experimental features Data source location" + "text": "& 2018 Published by Elsevier Inc. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)." }, { "type": "Title", - "element_id": "aa43321cb45fb76debb7e732249d42a5", + "element_id": "5abba9b1f2c341e0b299fa43a90d0e14", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 2 + "page_number": 1 }, - "text": "Accessibility Related research article" + "text": "Specification table" }, { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "82bf7851faa53c3a4965d4cdfe8d0bce", + "type": "NarrativeText", + "element_id": "ac89a2886224c42ad15982cd34421ff8", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 2 + "page_number": 1 }, - "text": "The cleaned and weighed specimen was suspended in beakers con- taining 0.5 M H2SO4 solution of different concentrations of egg shell powder. The pre-weighed stainless steel samples were retrieved from the test solutions after every 24 h, cleaned appropriately, dried and reweighed. Raw, analyzed The difference between the weight at a given time and the initial weight of the specimen was taken as the weight loss, which was used to calculate the corrosion rate and inhibition efficiency. Inhibitor concentration, exposure time Department of Chemical, Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa Data are available within this article O. Sanni, A. P. I. Popoola, and O. S. I. Fayomi, Enhanced corrosion resistance of stainless steel type 316 in sulphuric acid solution using eco-friendly waste product, Results in Physics, 9 (2018) 225–230." + "text": "Subject area More specific subject area Surface science and engineering Type of data" }, { "type": "Title", - "element_id": "596eda178f8c5adefbae7cfe1bec78c3", + "element_id": "e4359c72057b318ddf5a64f9b97539c4", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 2 + "page_number": 1 }, - "text": "Value of the data" + "text": "n Corresponding author. tayo.sanni@yahoo.com; SanniO@tut.ac.za" }, { "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "7def44ffc91f3f064b85dc04b23767ec", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 2 - }, - "text": "© Data presented here provide optimum conditions of waste material as inhibitor for stainless steel Type 316 in 0.5M H2SO4 medium. The given data describe the inhibitive performance of eco-friendly egg shell powder on austenitic stainless steel Type 316 corrosion in sulphuric acid environment. © The data obtained for the inhibition of waste product (egg shell powder) on stainless steel Type 316 can be used as basis in determining the inhibitive performance of the same inhibitor in other environments. © The data can be used to examine the relationship between the process variable as it affect the nature of inhibition of metals." - }, - { - "type": "Title", - "element_id": "1c3f3de4e65aae5bd147f84779712a65", + "element_id": "6190ca95b973d4a03fdf4c3b0b260af0", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 2 + "page_number": 1 }, - "text": "1. Data" + "text": "Corresponding author. tayo.sanni@yahoo.com; SanniO@tut.ac.za E-mail address: tayo.sanni@yahoo.com (O. Sanni)." }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "5034c7315aface0b263361d0eae1dd15", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 2 - }, - "text": "The results of the experiment are presented in this session. The results obtained from weight loss method for stainless steel Type 316 immersed in 0.5 M H2SO4 solution in the absence and presence of different concentrations of egg shell powder (ES) are presented in Figs. 1–3 respectively. It can be seen clearly from these Figures that the efficiency of egg shell powder increase with the inhibitor con- centration, The increase in its efficiency could be as a result of increase in the constituent molecule" - }, - { - "type": "Title", - "element_id": "e28e0dc941accc8694040c63091b580c", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 2 - }, - "text": ") g m" - }, - { - "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "32ebb1abcc1c601ceb9c4e3c4faba0ca", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 2 - }, - "text": "(" - }, - { - "type": "Title", - "element_id": "b780e72bd4f737713ae202feb46b5d55", + "element_id": "511abaee4573f467ba654d2a697efb03", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 2 + "page_number": 1 }, - "text": "s s o" + "text": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2018.11.134 2352-3409/& 2018 Published by Elsevier Inc. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)." }, { - "type": "Title", - "element_id": "acac86c0e609ca906f632b0e2dacccb2", + "type": "Header", + "element_id": "78f135d64d5e1307cac651608256a418", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 2 }, - "text": "l" + "text": "452" }, { - "type": "Title", - "element_id": "1bd621f0b71079e0948b0aad011a7f4b", + "type": "NarrativeText", + "element_id": "9ca201e648ed74cfc838b6661f59addf", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 2 }, - "text": "t h g e W" + "text": "O. Sanni, A.P.I. Popoola / Data in Brief 22 (2019) 451–457" }, { "type": "Title", - "element_id": "de7d1b721a1e0632b7cf04edf5032c8e", + "element_id": "41e0fa358cefcadbb2633ec45ff2d129", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 2 }, - "text": "i" + "text": "Data format Experimental factors" }, { "type": "Title", - "element_id": "b30b3a63451a0f3f43bad0781c1e9ad8", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 2 - }, - "text": "(mg)" - }, - { - "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "624b60c58c9d8bfb6ff1886c2fd605d2", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 2 - }, - "text": "30" - }, - { - "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "f5ca38f748a1d6eaf726b8a42fb575c3", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 2 - }, - "text": "20" - }, - { - "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "4a44dc15364204a80fe80e9039455cc1", + "element_id": "9769bb23c49762a84b464e817703bc35", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 2 }, - "text": "10" + "text": "Experimental features Data source location" }, { "type": "Title", - "element_id": "d300d49efc4cd0982dd6bc3377759ae8", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 2 - }, - "text": "10g 8g 6g 4g 2g Control" - }, - { - "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "98010bd9270f9b100b6214a21754fd33", + "element_id": "aa43321cb45fb76debb7e732249d42a5", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 2 }, - "text": "48" + "text": "Accessibility Related research article" }, { - "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "7b1a278f5abe8e9da907fc9c29dfd432", + "type": "NarrativeText", + "element_id": "6928b78d26af54b6acb804ed319b5c05", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 2 }, - "text": "96" + "text": "How data were acquired" }, { - "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "5ec1a0c99d428601ce42b407ae9c675e", + "type": "Table", + "element_id": "5eb814dac721c11581f011fbca57a17e", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 2 }, - "text": "144" + "text": "How data were acquired Data format Experimental factors Experimental features Data source location Accessibility Related research article The cleaned and weighed specimen was suspended in beakers con- taining 0.5 M H2SO, solution of different concentrations of egg shell powder. The pre-weighed stainless steel samples were retrieved from the test solutions after every 24h, cleaned appropriately, dried and reweighed. Raw, analyzed The difference between the weight at a given time and the initial weight of the specimen was taken as the weight loss, which was used to calculate the corrosion rate and inhibition efficiency. Inhibitor concentration, exposure time Department of Chemical, Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa Data are available within this article O. Sanni, A. P. I. Popoola, and O. S. I. Fayomi, Enhanced corrosion resistance of stainless steel type 316 in sulphuric acid solution using eco-friendly waste product, Results in Physics, 9 (2018) 225-230." }, { - "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "eb3be230bbd2844b1f5d8f2e4fab9ffb", + "type": "NarrativeText", + "element_id": "7ce6ee1aa50d28b85acf544f1db3e25c", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 2 }, - "text": "192" + "text": "The cleaned and weighed specimen was suspended in beakers con- taining 0.5 M H2SO4 solution of different concentrations of egg shell powder. The pre-weighed stainless steel samples were retrieved from the test solutions after every 24 h, cleaned appropriately, dried and reweighed. Raw, analyzed The difference between the weight at a given time and the initial weight of the specimen was taken as the weight loss, which was used to calculate the corrosion rate and inhibition efficiency. Inhibitor concentration, exposure time Department of Chemical, Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa Data are available within this article O. Sanni, A. P. I. Popoola, and O. S. I. Fayomi, Enhanced corrosion resistance of stainless steel type 316 in sulphuric acid solution using eco-friendly waste product, Results in Physics, 9 (2018) 225–230." }, { "type": "Title", - "element_id": "a955dcf1d740ce40d62415d9f16da436", + "element_id": "e63f0ed399f0537c9ffeadfcae3baed6", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 2 }, - "text": "Exposure Time (Hours)" + "text": "Value of the data" }, { - "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "45cd54c64e38abe8c1128a5979ca8cd5", + "type": "ListItem", + "element_id": "1daeb29ccbc793481f453c7f76b8795b", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 2 }, - "text": "Fig. 1. Weight loss versus exposure time for stainless steel immersed in 0.5M H2SO, solution in the absence and presence of ES." - }, - { - "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "9ca201e648ed74cfc838b6661f59addf", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 3 - }, - "text": "O. Sanni, A.P.I. Popoola / Data in Brief 22 (2019) 451–457" - }, - { - "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "d83c7ee736be931d85b78a4a60881ced", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 3 - }, - "text": "453" - }, - { - "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "e5d46bc8ceb17f88e1cff33ecac97067", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 3 - }, - "text": "Fig. 2. Corrosion rate versus exposure time for stainless steel immersed in 0.5 M H2SO4 solution in the absence and presence of ES." - }, - { - "type": "Title", - "element_id": "de7d1b721a1e0632b7cf04edf5032c8e", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 3 - }, - "text": "i" - }, - { - "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "4f0139b605dfdd9eb93e920a6115e1b5", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 3 - }, - "text": ") r a e y / m m" - }, - { - "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "49e7364ce1027887460959b2a757b184", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 3 - }, - "text": "( e t a r n o s o r r o C" - }, - { - "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "74599fca46202613cccb12e97774b306", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 3 - }, - "text": "E n o i t i b h n I" - }, - { - "type": "Title", - "element_id": "de7d1b721a1e0632b7cf04edf5032c8e", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 3 - }, - "text": "i" - }, - { - "type": "Title", - "element_id": "de7d1b721a1e0632b7cf04edf5032c8e", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 3 - }, - "text": "i" - }, - { - "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "bbe120714b80df07396e808f98b3f354", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 3 - }, - "text": "y c n e c i f f" - }, - { - "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "32ebb1abcc1c601ceb9c4e3c4faba0ca", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 3 - }, - "text": "(" - }, - { - "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "bbf3f11cb5b43e700273a78d12de55e4", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 3 - }, - "text": "%" - }, - { - "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "ba5ec51d07a4ac0e951608704431d59a", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 3 - }, - "text": ")" - }, - { - "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "0faf54c7569cac28ec5462f872384f7c", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 3 - }, - "text": "2.7" - }, - { - "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "a97b042d7bd59d92a46e8ab17f7dff73", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 3 - }, - "text": "1.8" + "text": "(cid:1) Data presented here provide optimum conditions of waste material as inhibitor for stainless steel Type 316 in 0.5 M H2SO4 medium. The given data describe the inhibitive performance of eco-friendly egg shell powder on austenitic stainless steel Type 316 corrosion in sulphuric acid environment." }, { - "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "8139b33952401b3ee0e2ca84651cb9a1", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 3 - }, - "text": "0.9" - }, - { - "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "ad57366865126e55649ecb23ae1d4888", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 3 - }, - "text": "100" - }, - { - "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "525fbe4b6760bd759bfeeae2ee487f12", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 3 - }, - "text": "(mm/year) 100 4 80 4 Efficiency (%) 1 _—__. —o— SS v- —a— 74 —~X_ Senn, —y— ~~. —6~ —__, ~ —o- ol, T T T T T T T 1" - }, - { - "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "4a44dc15364204a80fe80e9039455cc1", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 3 - }, - "text": "10" - }, - { - "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "624b60c58c9d8bfb6ff1886c2fd605d2", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 3 - }, - "text": "30" - }, - { - "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "f5ca38f748a1d6eaf726b8a42fb575c3", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 3 - }, - "text": "20" - }, - { - "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "69f59c273b6e669ac32a6dd5e1b2cb63", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 3 - }, - "text": "90" - }, - { - "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "d59eced1ded07f84c145592f65bdf854", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 3 - }, - "text": "40" - }, - { - "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "48449a14a4ff7d79bb7a1b6f3d488eba", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 3 - }, - "text": "80" - }, - { - "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "1a6562590ef19d1045d06c4055742d38", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 3 - }, - "text": "50" - }, - { - "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "ff5a1ae012afa5d4c889c50ad427aaf5", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 3 - }, - "text": "70" - }, - { - "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "39fa9ec190eee7b6f4dff1100d6343e1", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 3 - }, - "text": "60" - }, - { - "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "c2356069e9d1e79ca924378153cfbbfb", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 3 - }, - "text": "24" - }, - { - "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "98010bd9270f9b100b6214a21754fd33", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 3 - }, - "text": "48" - }, - { - "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "8722616204217eddb39e7df969e0698a", + "type": "ListItem", + "element_id": "7aad924d1c00e3d50bc0c24beb00a9e5", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 3 + "page_number": 2 }, - "text": "72" + "text": "(cid:1) The data obtained for the inhibition of waste product (egg shell powder) on stainless steel Type 316 can be used as basis in determining the inhibitive performance of the same inhibitor in other environments." }, { - "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "7b1a278f5abe8e9da907fc9c29dfd432", + "type": "NarrativeText", + "element_id": "39b6040280a179e1f8e4f4fb5ec4ae05", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 3 + "page_number": 2 }, - "text": "96" + "text": "(cid:1) The data can be used to examine the relationship between the process variable as it affect the" }, { - "type": "Title", - "element_id": "239bb77f5ec344ce5e614979b8c49742", + "type": "ListItem", + "element_id": "b6cdef9ac2c39caf23c7413dcdb3c227", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 3 + "page_number": 2 }, - "text": "Exposure time" + "text": "© The data can be used to examine the relationship between the process variable as it affect the nature of inhibition of metals." }, { - "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "2abaca4911e68fa9bfbf3482ee797fd5", + "type": "Title", + "element_id": "1c3f3de4e65aae5bd147f84779712a65", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 3 + "page_number": 2 }, - "text": "120" + "text": "1. Data" }, { - "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "5ec1a0c99d428601ce42b407ae9c675e", + "type": "NarrativeText", + "element_id": "5034c7315aface0b263361d0eae1dd15", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 3 + "page_number": 2 }, - "text": "144" + "text": "The results of the experiment are presented in this session. The results obtained from weight loss method for stainless steel Type 316 immersed in 0.5 M H2SO4 solution in the absence and presence of different concentrations of egg shell powder (ES) are presented in Figs. 1–3 respectively. It can be seen clearly from these Figures that the efficiency of egg shell powder increase with the inhibitor con- centration, The increase in its efficiency could be as a result of increase in the constituent molecule" }, { - "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "80c3cd40fa35f9088b8741bd8be6153d", + "type": "Image", + "element_id": "6cbfbefb10bbbc9b57cd22704824934e", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 3 + "page_number": 2 }, - "text": "168" + "text": "Weight loss (mg) 96 144 192 Exposure Time (Hours)" }, { - "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "eb3be230bbd2844b1f5d8f2e4fab9ffb", + "type": "Title", + "element_id": "a955dcf1d740ce40d62415d9f16da436", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 3 + "page_number": 2 }, - "text": "192" + "text": "Exposure Time (Hours)" }, { - "type": "Title", - "element_id": "d300d49efc4cd0982dd6bc3377759ae8", + "type": "FigureCaption", + "element_id": "45cd54c64e38abe8c1128a5979ca8cd5", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 3 + "page_number": 2 }, - "text": "10g 8g 6g 4g 2g Control" + "text": "Fig. 1. Weight loss versus exposure time for stainless steel immersed in 0.5M H2SO, solution in the absence and presence of ES." }, { - "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "85b99d4e3d8e29e46e512f9cca7ba627", + "type": "NarrativeText", + "element_id": "8a54dcaa0e2720786903e26e84bd9e93", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 3 }, - "text": "2g 4g 6g 8g 10g" + "text": "O. Sanni, A.P.I. Popoola / Data in Brief 22 (2019) 451–457" }, { - "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "5feceb66ffc86f38d952786c6d696c79", + "type": "Header", + "element_id": "135be522765ce267b8ca6debeeec6dc4", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 3 }, - "text": "0" + "text": "453" }, { - "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "f5ca38f748a1d6eaf726b8a42fb575c3", + "type": "NarrativeText", + "element_id": "4f0139b605dfdd9eb93e920a6115e1b5", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 3 }, - "text": "20" + "text": ") r a e y / m m" }, { - "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "d59eced1ded07f84c145592f65bdf854", + "type": "NarrativeText", + "element_id": "49e7364ce1027887460959b2a757b184", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 3 }, - "text": "40" + "text": "( e t a r n o s o r r o C" }, { - "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "39fa9ec190eee7b6f4dff1100d6343e1", + "type": "Title", + "element_id": "de7d1b721a1e0632b7cf04edf5032c8e", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 3 }, - "text": "60" + "text": "i" }, { - "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "48449a14a4ff7d79bb7a1b6f3d488eba", + "type": "Image", + "element_id": "84d160dc9075c76de6f6d6c3f2651fe3", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 3 }, - "text": "80" + "text": " Corrosion rate (mm/year) 24 48 72 96 120 144 168 192 Exposure time" }, { - "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "ad57366865126e55649ecb23ae1d4888", + "type": "Title", + "element_id": "239bb77f5ec344ce5e614979b8c49742", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 3 }, - "text": "100" + "text": "Exposure time" }, { - "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "2abaca4911e68fa9bfbf3482ee797fd5", + "type": "FigureCaption", + "element_id": "e5d46bc8ceb17f88e1cff33ecac97067", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 3 }, - "text": "120" + "text": "Fig. 2. Corrosion rate versus exposure time for stainless steel immersed in 0.5 M H2SO4 solution in the absence and presence of ES." }, { "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "dbae772db29058a88f9bd830e957c695", + "element_id": "ad57366865126e55649ecb23ae1d4888", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 3 }, - "text": "140" + "text": "100" }, { "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "a512db2741cd20693e4b16f19891e72b", + "element_id": "57e2eb94df928d0cf17b2c0d41ae042e", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 3 }, - "text": "160" + "text": "100 4" }, { - "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "7b69759630f869f2723875f873935fed", + "type": "Image", + "element_id": "0616fd3aee2db0cdd1a1565987b925ae", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 3 }, - "text": "180" + "text": " 80 4 Inhibition Efficiency (%) a Ss 1 _—__. —o— 4g SS v- —a— 6g 74 —~X_ Senn, —y— 8g ~~. —6~ 10g —__, ~ —o- 2g ol, T T T T T T T 1 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 Exposure Time 1e (Hours)" }, { "type": "Title", @@ -960,7 +530,7 @@ "text": "Exposure Time (Hours)" }, { - "type": "NarrativeText", + "type": "FigureCaption", "element_id": "950ca7babbae92e76df97f7ee57bc05c", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, @@ -980,8 +550,8 @@ "text": "number of inhibitor adsorbed on the surface of stainless steel at higher concentration, in order for the active sites of the stainless steel to be protected with the inhibitor molecules. Cathodic and anodic polarized potential are measured in the presence and absence of ES. Fig. 4 shows the cathodic and anodic polarization curves for stainless steel in 0.5 M H2SO4 solution at different ES concentrations. The electrochemical variables such as polarization resistance (PR), corrosion potential (Ecorr), cor- rosion current (icorr), anodic Tafel constant (ba), cathodic Tafel constant (bc) and corrosion rate (mm/ year) values are presented in Table 1. From the polarization curves and electrochemical parameter, icorr value decreased with the addition of inhibitor in 0.5 M H2SO4. Conversely, the icorr further decrease with an increase in inhibitor concentration indicating that the inhibition effects increase with an increase in the egg shell concentration. The process of egg shell inhibition could be attributed to the formation of egg shell powder adsorbed on stainless steel surface protecting corrosion of stainless steel in H2SO4 medium. The likely mechanism is the egg shell adsorption on stainless steel surface through the heteroatoms electron pair and the conjugated systems in egg shell molecular structure as shown in Fig. 1. When the concentration of inhibitor was increased from 2 to 10 g, the corrosion rate values drastically decreased this result show that waste egg shell powder is an effective corrosion inhibitor for stainless steel in H2SO4 solution. The shift in corrosion potential of stainless steel from Tafel curves and electrochemical data indicate that the inhibitor is a mixed-type corrosion inhibitor." }, { - "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "48f89b630677c2cbb70e2ba05bf7a363", + "type": "Header", + "element_id": "8d9bcdac558e606c913189b6ce8db44c", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", @@ -991,7 +561,7 @@ }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "9ca201e648ed74cfc838b6661f59addf", + "element_id": "8a54dcaa0e2720786903e26e84bd9e93", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", @@ -1010,8 +580,8 @@ "text": "Potential (Vv)nm°in°}aryT T T0.00001 0.001 olCurrent Density (A/cm2)" }, { - "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "f0e5c879f7d220552d8ad5b3503bd038", + "type": "FigureCaption", + "element_id": "e8f34726e919c7e2f4d00f6fcf511ef8", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", @@ -1191,73 +761,13 @@ }, { "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "4a166cad507ccd016e6ad2d8652111e5", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 4 - }, - "text": "0 / C" - }, - { - "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "6b51d431df5d7f141cbececcf79edf3d", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 4 - }, - "text": "12" - }, - { - "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "4a44dc15364204a80fe80e9039455cc1", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 4 - }, - "text": "10" - }, - { - "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "2c624232cdd221771294dfbb310aca00", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 4 - }, - "text": "8" - }, - { - "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "e7f6c011776e8db7cd330b54174fd76f", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 4 - }, - "text": "6" - }, - { - "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "4b227777d4dd1fc61c6f884f48641d02", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 4 - }, - "text": "4" - }, - { - "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "a0dfa682f99b0794f40f195f9a7adfcd", + "element_id": "e2b6d7e2ab125149fa820500cedfffbb", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 4 }, - "text": "—=—Cc/0 2+ T T T 1" + "text": "—=—Cc/0" }, { "type": "UncategorizedText", @@ -1270,77 +780,17 @@ "text": "C/0" }, { - "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "d4735e3a265e16eee03f59718b9b5d03", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 4 - }, - "text": "2" - }, - { - "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "d4735e3a265e16eee03f59718b9b5d03", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 4 - }, - "text": "2" - }, - { - "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "4b227777d4dd1fc61c6f884f48641d02", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 4 - }, - "text": "4" - }, - { - "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "e7f6c011776e8db7cd330b54174fd76f", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 4 - }, - "text": "6" - }, - { - "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "2c624232cdd221771294dfbb310aca00", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 4 - }, - "text": "8" - }, - { - "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "4a44dc15364204a80fe80e9039455cc1", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 4 - }, - "text": "10" - }, - { - "type": "Title", - "element_id": "c74caf15453477bf544f86e069d90da7", + "type": "Image", + "element_id": "330ac6774a7bcf85ad0993abaab2a475", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 4 }, - "text": "Concentration (g)" + "text": " 12 2+ T T T 1 2 4 6 8 10 Concentration (g)" }, { - "type": "NarrativeText", + "type": "FigureCaption", "element_id": "8e9636a780701abc4f16c3f890b8a83f", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, @@ -1350,8 +800,8 @@ "text": "Fig. 5. Langmuir adsorption isotherm of ES." }, { - "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "9ca201e648ed74cfc838b6661f59addf", + "type": "Header", + "element_id": "8a54dcaa0e2720786903e26e84bd9e93", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", @@ -1360,8 +810,8 @@ "text": "O. Sanni, A.P.I. Popoola / Data in Brief 22 (2019) 451–457" }, { - "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "f626051bc94422f26f4b774a2bca105e", + "type": "Header", + "element_id": "b5c1fe3f2fa0ef8280a53620dcb31175", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", @@ -1400,7 +850,7 @@ "text": "°@¢Naafe«MgsSEM HY: 20.0KV 7 ETOP LU ULL UL OCT 0BEM IAAG: 400 x a" }, { - "type": "NarrativeText", + "type": "FigureCaption", "element_id": "ccc8ab2aeabd9a0f745b9f0f6fcbef6e", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, @@ -1410,7 +860,7 @@ "text": "Fig. 7. SEM/EDX image of stainless steel immersed in 0.5 M H2SO4 solution without inhibitor." }, { - "type": "NarrativeText", + "type": "FigureCaption", "element_id": "6121f41a05c15afa2efe50af3e838da4", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, @@ -1420,7 +870,7 @@ "text": "Fig. 6. SEM/EDX image of as-received stainless steel." }, { - "type": "NarrativeText", + "type": "FigureCaption", "element_id": "d8bc58d446376a881b51208b9a8ee7b7", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, @@ -1430,8 +880,8 @@ "text": "Fig. 8. SEM/EDX image of stainless steel immersed in 0.5 M H2SO4 solution with the presence of inhibitor." }, { - "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "b3a8e0e1f9ab1bfe3a36f231f676f78b", + "type": "Header", + "element_id": "cdfba543ee8ef7fdb3d8b587648cc22d", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", @@ -1440,8 +890,8 @@ "text": "456" }, { - "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "9ca201e648ed74cfc838b6661f59addf", + "type": "Header", + "element_id": "8a54dcaa0e2720786903e26e84bd9e93", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", @@ -1451,7 +901,7 @@ }, { "type": "Title", - "element_id": "a80826543c9e0d0e9f6c2108ae3c3f73", + "element_id": "e00efc537994ab576eaec5a387a5ebc0", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", @@ -1460,8 +910,8 @@ "text": "2. Experimental design, materials and methods" }, { - "type": "Title", - "element_id": "90b8c00ff7a1b170a14695aa51629f14", + "type": "NarrativeText", + "element_id": "d277e2ba1e8cbda383b0e51703c281c8", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", @@ -1471,7 +921,7 @@ }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "7c3b7c8c2993a59e71e009d051edd727", + "element_id": "c90848f07a922eff3615e5aa1ee78a2f", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", @@ -1480,8 +930,8 @@ "text": "Austenitic stainless steel Type 316 was used in this study with chemical composition reported in [1,2]. The chemicals used were of annular grade. The inhibitor concentrations are in the range of 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 g [3–5]. The structural formula of egg shell powder is shown in Fig. 9." }, { - "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "1dc2692eee9b01e9a960f80c4dabe07b", + "type": "FigureCaption", + "element_id": "c07eeb615f8b0f2d544348b7f0655301", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", @@ -1490,8 +940,8 @@ "text": "Fig. 9. Chemical structure of egg shell powder." }, { - "type": "Title", - "element_id": "b4a533760fabf85f66294a0441dacd1e", + "type": "NarrativeText", + "element_id": "63584e8d8b4c14d1542778c155ee4b78", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", @@ -1520,14 +970,14 @@ "text": "The corrosion rate (CR) was calculated using Eq. (1) [1–5]" }, { - "type": "Title", - "element_id": "cecb8b44c9af4b76e85155170c509729", + "type": "NarrativeText", + "element_id": "1cf628987e0d8ee743a4fd01f662cc01", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 6 }, - "text": "Corrosion rate CRð" + "text": ". 87.6W Corrosion rate(CR) = (ar" }, { "type": "UncategorizedText", @@ -1580,24 +1030,14 @@ "text": "where: W is weight loss in mg, A is specimen surface area, T is immersion period in hours and D is the specimen density. From the corrosion rate, the surface coverage (θ) and inhibition efficiencies (IE %) were determined using Eqs. (2) and (3) respectively" }, { - "type": "Title", - "element_id": "62127212535b62092159e4fe305c868d", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 6 - }, - "text": "θ ¼ CRo (cid:3) CR" - }, - { - "type": "Title", - "element_id": "5a6824cbd64b72c37057f7d1dbee2798", + "type": "Formula", + "element_id": "59664b2fe1b21e796c905c904f07faae", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 6 }, - "text": "CRo" + "text": "~ CRo" }, { "type": "Title", @@ -1610,54 +1050,14 @@ "text": "ð2Þ" }, { - "type": "Title", - "element_id": "c31b73fca4f97bb7e95a3d8634826d32", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 6 - }, - "text": "IE ð%Þ ¼ CRo (cid:3) CR" - }, - { - "type": "Title", - "element_id": "c13539d1568999137c4e0354795cd37b", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 6 - }, - "text": "CR" - }, - { - "type": "Title", - "element_id": "5a6824cbd64b72c37057f7d1dbee2798", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 6 - }, - "text": "CRo" - }, - { - "type": "Title", - "element_id": "2d711642b726b04401627ca9fbac32f5", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 6 - }, - "text": "x" - }, - { - "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "3a81feba075b8ca26d6f86f392ff06df", + "type": "Formula", + "element_id": "2ceed7a728acd831c0c4c14fc95a3db7", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 6 }, - "text": "100 1" + "text": "CRo=CR , 100 IE (0) = CR" }, { "type": "Title", @@ -1671,7 +1071,7 @@ }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "118f0531277e022b44f152b0bf2dee7c", + "element_id": "4e14cf7db9d9e827482861e7576a1d07", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", @@ -1680,8 +1080,8 @@ "text": "where: CRo and CR are the corrosion rate in absence and presence of inhibitor respectively." }, { - "type": "Title", - "element_id": "6aa7f759e077aa037614e7f42897f09a", + "type": "NarrativeText", + "element_id": "5dda1fad7e503afe6240d736d50bbe7a", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", @@ -1710,8 +1110,8 @@ "text": "O. Sanni, A.P.I. Popoola / Data in Brief 22 (2019) 451–457" }, { - "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "353767b239099863e13ca954e20a66c9", + "type": "Header", + "element_id": "b2dc92f9e9858319664f918c69457257", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", @@ -1721,7 +1121,7 @@ }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "24dcddab57a1cab7266a3c6b536ad2ff", + "element_id": "01f3f73499621b0a04142f29982336c1", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", @@ -1731,7 +1131,7 @@ }, { "type": "Title", - "element_id": "c9015d53b90846454375a2fdf2829c66", + "element_id": "9619869f5960ea0375b649dd8cc388a5", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", @@ -1741,76 +1141,86 @@ }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "63cd602e78daef9ac25a20bbab27ecbc", + "element_id": "dbfead4a6bc5e94c6d8f7de9666b6f30", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 7 }, - "text": "This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of South Africa and the Tshwane" + "text": "This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of South Africa and the Tshwane University of Technology Pretoria South Africa." }, { "type": "Title", - "element_id": "287fb148184f12ff62e9b0207567dac7", + "element_id": "81db7fab0806640b0cbbac862671704f", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 7 }, - "text": "University of Technology Pretoria South Africa." + "text": "Transparency document. Supporting information" }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "d202816913e482abce90d70d88f202c3", + "element_id": "eaf72c6c69d317c502026ecf01d28b09", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 7 }, - "text": "Transparency document. Supporting information" + "text": "Transparency document associated with this article can be found in the online version at https://doi. org/10.1016/j.dib.2018.11.134." }, { - "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "d434a0e19d0d34e92936b9566e1ebb45", + "type": "Title", + "element_id": "e56261e0bd30965b8e68ed2abb15b141", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 7 + }, + "text": "References" + }, + { + "type": "ListItem", + "element_id": "e275b10ccd88f5d2dbf9f2b2432eb64f", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 7 }, - "text": "Transparency document associated with this article can be found in the online version at https://doi." + "text": "[1] 0. Sanni, A.P.I. Popoola, O.S.I. Fayomi, Enhanced corrosion resistance of stainless steel type 316 in sulphuric acid solution using eco-friendly waste product, Results Phys. 9 (2018) 225-230." }, { - "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "2ca250dde10d732278a9fa586a97e40a", + "type": "ListItem", + "element_id": "5068dd4538c596c1d123fd612bdb99e3", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 7 }, - "text": "org/10.1016/j.dib.2018.11.134." + "text": "[2] O. Sanni, A.P.I. Popoola, A. Kolesnikov, Constitutive modeling for prediction of optimal process parameters in corrosion inhibition of austenitic stainless steel (Type 316)/acidic medium, Mater. Res. Express. 5 (10) (2018) 1-15." }, { - "type": "Title", - "element_id": "e56261e0bd30965b8e68ed2abb15b141", + "type": "ListItem", + "element_id": "76eb86296cfb136b12d4606217bd3ae3", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 7 }, - "text": "References" + "text": "[3] O. Sanni, A.P.I. Popoola, O.S.I. Fayomi, The inhibitive study of egg shell powder on UNS N08904 austenitic stainless steel corrosion in chloride solution, Def. Technol. 14 (2018) 463-468." }, { "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "86174db2f99ff948055caeda83334bb7", + "element_id": "a3b65d4f88d6909004419ec92682d14a", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 7 }, - "text": "[1] 0. Sanni, A.P.I. Popoola, O.S.I. Fayomi, Enhanced corrosion resistance of stainless steel type 316 in sulphuric acid solution using eco-friendly waste product, Results Phys. 9 (2018) 225-230. [2] O. Sanni, A.P.I. Popoola, A. Kolesnikov, Constitutive modeling for prediction of optimal process parameters in corrosion inhibition of austenitic stainless steel (Type 316)/acidic medium, Mater. Res. Express. 5 (10) (2018) 1-15. [3] O. Sanni, A.P.I. Popoola, O.S.I. Fayomi, The inhibitive study of egg shell powder on UNS N08904 austenitic stainless steel corrosion in chloride solution, Def. Technol. 14 (2018) 463-468. [4] O. Sanni, A.P.I. Popoola, 0.S.I. Fayomi, C.A. Loto, A comparative study of inhibitive effect of waste product on stainless steel corrosion in sodium chloride/sulfuric acid environments, Metallogr. Microstruct. Anal. (2018) 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1007/ $13632-018-0495-5, [5] O. Sanni, A-P.I. Popoola, O.S.1. Fayomi, Inhibition of engineering material in sulphuric acid solution using waste product, Contributed Papers from Materials Science and Technology (MS&T18), 2018. (lnttps://doi.org/10.7449/2018/MST_2018_254 261)." + "text": "[4] O. Sanni, A.P.I. Popoola, O.S.I. Fayomi, C.A. Loto, A comparative study of inhibitive effect of waste product on stainless steel corrosion in sodium chloride/sulfuric acid environments, Metallogr. Microstruct. Anal. (2018) 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1007/ s13632-018-0495-5." }, { - "type": "NarrativeText", + "type": "ListItem", "element_id": "3cd4caf23cd72a06fbf01b16df13ec1f", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, diff --git a/test_unstructured_ingest/expected-structured-output/biomed-api/75/29/main.PMC6312793.pdf.json b/test_unstructured_ingest/expected-structured-output/biomed-api/75/29/main.PMC6312793.pdf.json index 5d4295f490..d470025d1e 100644 --- a/test_unstructured_ingest/expected-structured-output/biomed-api/75/29/main.PMC6312793.pdf.json +++ b/test_unstructured_ingest/expected-structured-output/biomed-api/75/29/main.PMC6312793.pdf.json @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ [ { - "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "cfb3400e6eb0487eeb704674d40bf85c", + "type": "Header", + "element_id": "0af8327dc6c8a1694bd0fc75da243db4", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", @@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "b0658ce9dccc0acba9a472c2bb992cc9", + "element_id": "869adddb184177031536477262e0dde0", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", @@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ }, { "type": "Title", - "element_id": "f2fe9c33b7e8535efebf7c20ebce297c", + "element_id": "e6fa42b5b4d85001b900e47c050b645b", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", @@ -30,8 +30,8 @@ "text": "Data in Brief" }, { - "type": "Title", - "element_id": "0ca3f075fdccf9232449ff461b63ceb9", + "type": "NarrativeText", + "element_id": "9234133787d0a6b3976b16569c0b5cf3", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", @@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ }, { "type": "Title", - "element_id": "0ccb3a9876bbc64a1ca09fa40c4f844d", + "element_id": "ac01687ab870e4bb6e7313db4654928a", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", @@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ "text": "(eee" }, { - "type": "NarrativeText", + "type": "Title", "element_id": "adf50fc70e660740d796f43a2ba5f500", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, @@ -80,8 +80,8 @@ "text": "Sarang Kulkarni a,b,c,n, Mohan Krishnamoorthy d,e, Abhiram Ranade f, Andreas T. Ernst c, Rahul Patil b" }, { - "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "dcedfc380a2be599bf69af84d49d4803", + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "cd24a5d2989d27bd46eede4ea54cb41e", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", @@ -89,6 +89,16 @@ }, "text": "a IITB-Monash Research Academy, IIT Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India b SJM School of Management, IIT Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India c School of Mathematical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia d Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia e School of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, The University of Queensland, QLD 4072, Australia f Department of Computer Science and Engineering, IIT Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India" }, + { + "type": "Title", + "element_id": "3d71760ba4f1cc95873ee36178f97d82", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 1 + }, + "text": "ARTICLE INFO" + }, { "type": "NarrativeText", "element_id": "fbd221e3c1f82c8601661213b98b0962", @@ -110,8 +120,8 @@ "text": "a b s t r a c t" }, { - "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "ed0a4666ce85e6310a0984f37e0e98f8", + "type": "NarrativeText", + "element_id": "32133fc9f028473fb3d3d2ca24382c28", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", @@ -150,14 +160,14 @@ "text": "DOI of original article: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trb.2018.11.007 n Corresponding author at: IITB-Monash Research Academy, IIT Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India." }, { - "type": "Title", - "element_id": "5810d7d862f5f5d65e257a3ed9b102ac", + "type": "ListItem", + "element_id": "7373e1d1cb305b02bf37dc138ba774c4", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 1 }, - "text": "E-mail address: sarangkulkarni@iitb.ac.in (S. Kulkarni)." + "text": "Corresponding author at: IITB-Monash Research Academy, IIT Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, E-mail address: sarangkulkarni@iitb.ac.in (S. Kulkarni)." }, { "type": "NarrativeText", @@ -171,7 +181,7 @@ }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "0a1b09ff562f4d063703cbf021ee297f", + "element_id": "e326e74f4607af7d370e049bc5d9e66a", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", @@ -180,8 +190,8 @@ "text": "S. Kulkarni et al. / Data in Brief 22 (2019) 484–487" }, { - "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "5844a72aee9269a68da28cae55c706d8", + "type": "Header", + "element_id": "28b33efedc139452525a280e548c029b", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", @@ -191,7 +201,7 @@ }, { "type": "Title", - "element_id": "5af2c5326780fc58a48ca40c6b47bee5", + "element_id": "39826c423283dfd91f1dbd34664ce038", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", @@ -230,8 +240,18 @@ "text": "Subject area Operations research More specific subject area Vehicle scheduling Type of data How data were acquired" }, { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "b97bb84430abd87625f9a82f95423073", + "type": "Table", + "element_id": "765958cb90f3061bda61fe2f973b2acb", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 2 + }, + "text": "Subject area Operations research More specific subject area Vehicle scheduling Type of data Tables, text files How data were acquired Artificially generated by a C++ program on Intel\" Xeon” CPU E5- 2670 v2 with Linux operating system. Data format Raw Experimental factors Sixty randomly generated instances of the MDVSP with the number of depots in (8, 12, 16) and the number of trips in (1500, 2000, 2500, 3000) Experimental features Randomly generated instances Data source location IITB-Monash Research Academy, IIT Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, India. Data accessibility Data can be downloaded from https://orlib.uqcloud.net/ Related research article Kulkarni, S., Krishnamoorthy, M., Ranade, A., Ernst, A.T. and Patil, R., 2018. A new formulation and a column generation-based heuristic for the multiple depot vehicle scheduling problem. Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, 118, pp. 457-487 [3]." + }, + { + "type": "NarrativeText", + "element_id": "eed804f27c782a8a3643b5d5379099d4", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", @@ -241,7 +261,7 @@ }, { "type": "Title", - "element_id": "596eda178f8c5adefbae7cfe1bec78c3", + "element_id": "e63f0ed399f0537c9ffeadfcae3baed6", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", @@ -249,45 +269,75 @@ }, "text": "Value of the data" }, + { + "type": "NarrativeText", + "element_id": "f2fdefc49840022ffb3a88bd4a3512d0", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 2 + }, + "text": "(cid:2) The dataset contains 60 different problem instances of the MDVSP that can be used to evaluate the" + }, { "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "510d0bce379a0d3ba5ff46d536bdb7c5", + "element_id": "407d8a9e0bef6d906ec672c5b59a787f", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 2 }, - "text": "© The dataset contains 60 different problem instances of the MDVSP that can be used to evaluate the performance of the algorithms for the MDVSP. © The data provide all the information that is required to model the MDVSP by using the existing mathematical formulations. e All the problem instances are available for use without any restrictions. e The benchmark solutions and solution time for the problem instances are presented in [3] and can be used for the comparison. © The dataset includes a program that can generate similar problem instances of different sizes." + "text": "The dataset contains 60 different problem instances of the MDVSP that can be used to evaluate performance of the algorithms for the MDVSP." }, { - "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "f2fdefc49840022ffb3a88bd4a3512d0", + "type": "ListItem", + "element_id": "aaedb0d8a48db639a022b216035c56de", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 2 }, - "text": "(cid:2) The dataset contains 60 different problem instances of the MDVSP that can be used to evaluate the" + "text": "© The data provide all the information that is required to model the MDVSP by using the existing mathematical formulations." }, { - "type": "Title", - "element_id": "c2b2b778d53cc9a1cb4dc340476bc5aa", + "type": "NarrativeText", + "element_id": "e69dab6e2bc16d11cfd2d80a804d89fb", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 2 }, - "text": "1. Data" + "text": "(cid:2) All the problem instances are available for use without any restrictions. (cid:2) The benchmark solutions and solution time for the problem instances are presented in [3] and can" }, { "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "86e53159056da85c215281a9c68d46b9", + "element_id": "5d3c15437243e1c067415182c2314622", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 2 + }, + "text": "The benchmark solutions and solution time for the problem instances are presented in [3] and be used for the comparison." + }, + { + "type": "NarrativeText", + "element_id": "1c1d6b35ac0925a35ea3bb4d018e675f", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 2 }, - "text": "For each problem instance, the following information is provided: The number of depots (m), The number of trips (n), The number of locations (I), The number of vehicles at each depot, For each tripie 1,2,...,n,a start time, ft}, an end time, ff, a start location, i, and an end location, i, and" + "text": "(cid:2) The dataset includes a program that can generate similar problem instances of different sizes." + }, + { + "type": "Title", + "element_id": "1c3f3de4e65aae5bd147f84779712a65", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 2 + }, + "text": "1. Data" }, { "type": "NarrativeText", @@ -301,6 +351,36 @@ }, { "type": "NarrativeText", + "element_id": "d1e8a672b8efb9e58dcf4a40204c1687", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 2 + }, + "text": "For each tripie 1,2,...,n,a start time, ft}, an end time, ff, a start location, i, and an end location, i, and" + }, + { + "type": "NarrativeText", + "element_id": "33d26eae1edf215a9677101c7147d671", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 2 + }, + "text": "For each problem instance, the following information is provided: The number of depots mð The number of trips ðnÞ, The number of locations ðlÞ, The number of vehicles at each depot, For each trip i A 1; 2; …; n, a start time, ts" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "c6490fc185478150e7816c45ef8a48d5", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 2 + }, + "text": "Þ," + }, + { + "type": "ListItem", "element_id": "dcb60b2d7218e86946c2235aad0b6008", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, @@ -320,8 +400,8 @@ "text": "All times are in minutes and integers. The planning duration is from 5 a.m. to around midnight. Each instance has two classes of trips, short trips and long trips, with 40% short trips and 60% long trips. The duration of a short trip is less than a total of 45 min and the travel time between the start" }, { - "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "86b700fab5db37977a73700b53a0654b", + "type": "Header", + "element_id": "8d0736d21edd4e194e5db02347e129c7", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", @@ -330,8 +410,8 @@ "text": "486" }, { - "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "0a1b09ff562f4d063703cbf021ee297f", + "type": "Header", + "element_id": "e326e74f4607af7d370e049bc5d9e66a", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", @@ -341,7 +421,7 @@ }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "ab861dc146a84a52e48a75be2ba3f190", + "element_id": "9f77f0db3a785a5bb491fb79fe54cfa0", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", @@ -359,16 +439,6 @@ }, "text": "j , the vehicle must travel empty from le j (cid:3)te i Þ. A schedule is given by the sequence in which a vehicle can cover the trips. The MDVSP is to determine the minimum number of schedules to cover all trips that minimizes total time in waiting and empty travel. The following requirements must be satisfied:" }, - { - "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "a18dff87ecdbfa5d5d8a1ed56f7ce734", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 3 - }, - "text": "A trip j can be covered after trip i by the same vehicle, if ts j" - }, { "type": "ListItem", "element_id": "2d6b506bd58a7dd7bbf1c8599ef630c8", @@ -380,14 +450,14 @@ "text": "1. Each schedule should start and end at the same depot. 2. Each trip should be covered by only one vehicle. 3. The number of schedules that start from a depot should not exceed the number of vehicles at" }, { - "type": "Title", - "element_id": "e46a5a30f05d06e82d8b7d10448de683", + "type": "ListItem", + "element_id": "3f2b8351a07eef2caa1918b4b21d05af", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 3 }, - "text": "the depot." + "text": "The number of schedules that start from a depot should not exceed the number of vehicles the depot." }, { "type": "NarrativeText", @@ -401,23 +471,23 @@ }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "e731dc92fddc0512e142bfb2bed62bbf", + "element_id": "149eebcec86a1b9a43b93af13952870b", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 3 }, - "text": "The dataset also includes a program ‘GenerateInstance.cpp’ that can be used to generate new instances. The program takes three inputs, the number of depots ðmÞ, the number of trips ðnÞ, and the number of instances for each size ðm; nÞ." + "text": "The description of the file for each problem instance is presented in Table 2. The first line in the file provides the number of depots ðmÞ, the number of trips, ðnÞ, and the number of locations ðlÞ, in the problem instance. The next n lines present the information for n trips. Each line corresponds to a trip, i A 1; …; n g, and provides the start location, the start time, the end location, and the end time of trip i. The next l lines present the travel times between any two locations, i; jA 1; …; l" }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "92b491d0e108ec13f263b16646ecac65", + "element_id": "e731dc92fddc0512e142bfb2bed62bbf", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 3 }, - "text": "The description of the file for each problem instance is presented in Table 2. The first line in the file provides the number of depots (m), the number of trips, (n), and the number of locations (I), in the problem instance. The next n lines present the information for n trips. Each line corresponds to a trip, ie{1,...,n}, and provides the start location, the start time, the end location, and the end time of trip i. The next | lines present the travel times between any two locations, i,j e {1, wal}. The dataset also includes a program ‘Generatelnstance.cpp’ that can be used to generate new instances. The program takes three inputs, the number of depots (m), the number of trips (n), and the" + "text": "The dataset also includes a program ‘GenerateInstance.cpp’ that can be used to generate new instances. The program takes three inputs, the number of depots ðmÞ, the number of trips ðnÞ, and the number of instances for each size ðm; nÞ." }, { "type": "UncategorizedText", @@ -550,8 +620,8 @@ "text": "Possible empty travels" }, { - "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "0a1b09ff562f4d063703cbf021ee297f", + "type": "Header", + "element_id": "e326e74f4607af7d370e049bc5d9e66a", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", @@ -560,8 +630,8 @@ "text": "S. Kulkarni et al. / Data in Brief 22 (2019) 484–487" }, { - "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "9b19f9ab816598a0809e4afd5d60800f", + "type": "Header", + "element_id": "dd1252fa6e5f6c3f43669c9cc95952e7", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", @@ -580,34 +650,44 @@ "text": "Table 2 Description of file format for each problem instance." }, { - "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "444f48f6d4f0ee6d3a04b7bf76218980", + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "05f82fa1685502a356c0894aa45b404d", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 4 }, - "text": "Number of Number of columns in Description lines each line" + "text": "1 1 n" }, { - "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "05f82fa1685502a356c0894aa45b404d", + "type": "Title", + "element_id": "acac86c0e609ca906f632b0e2dacccb2", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 4 }, - "text": "1 1 n" + "text": "l" }, { "type": "Title", - "element_id": "acac86c0e609ca906f632b0e2dacccb2", + "element_id": "151e509ce97fe40eecae3822c78adcf5", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 4 }, - "text": "l" + "text": "Number of lines" + }, + { + "type": "Table", + "element_id": "e33daf2e73d705ed4b27cd4e8fee5f5f", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 4 + }, + "text": "Number of Number of columns in Description lines each line 1 3 The number of depots, the number of trips, and the number of locations. 1 m The number of vehicles rg at each depot d. n 4 One line for each trip, i= 1,2, ...,n. Each line provides the start location [?, the start time ¢%, the end location [F and the end time ¢¢ for the corresponding trip. I I Each element, 6j, where i,j ¢ 1,2, ...,1, refers to the travel time between location i and location j." }, { "type": "UncategorizedText", @@ -630,8 +710,28 @@ "text": "l" }, { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "f096a8499e50cac1f45ceb8340dace5a", + "type": "Title", + "element_id": "0d42fdb9458af19413eee0a1227f415c", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 4 + }, + "text": "Number of columns in each line" + }, + { + "type": "Title", + "element_id": "526e0087cc3f254d9f86f6c7d8e23d95", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 4 + }, + "text": "Description" + }, + { + "type": "NarrativeText", + "element_id": "d2660f6e66916959c5de8a941bfa89c7", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", @@ -641,7 +741,27 @@ }, { "type": "Title", - "element_id": "764eef872135149aaf95224bab69c844", + "element_id": "8ee69286d5f681913dbfdeb60bedc572", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 4 + }, + "text": "i , the end location le" + }, + { + "type": "Title", + "element_id": "08238905e7bba7115b7d7d58fef13ec6", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 4 + }, + "text": "i , the start" + }, + { + "type": "Title", + "element_id": "5b0294965f25f778012e27476e7ec042", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", @@ -670,7 +790,7 @@ "text": "Our dataset provides start/end location and time of trips as well as the travel time between any two locations. The location and time information is required to model the MDVSP on a time-space network. The feasible connections and the cost of connections between the trips can be obtained as discussed in [3]. Thus, the dataset has all the information that is required to model the MDVSP on the time-space network (see [2]) as well as the connection-network (see [5]). The benchmark solutions for all the problem instances are presented in [3]." }, { - "type": "NarrativeText", + "type": "Title", "element_id": "81db7fab0806640b0cbbac862671704f", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, @@ -681,42 +801,72 @@ }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "d434a0e19d0d34e92936b9566e1ebb45", + "element_id": "8f0264ba00616d29c2648dc51f24b439", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 4 }, - "text": "Transparency document associated with this article can be found in the online version at https://doi." + "text": "Transparency document associated with this article can be found in the online version at https://doi. org/10.1016/j.dib.2018.12.055." }, { - "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "fa783fbedd3cbd108b99d04da7fb7e8b", + "type": "Title", + "element_id": "e56261e0bd30965b8e68ed2abb15b141", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 4 }, - "text": "org/10.1016/j.dib.2018.12.055." + "text": "References" }, { - "type": "Title", - "element_id": "e56261e0bd30965b8e68ed2abb15b141", + "type": "ListItem", + "element_id": "6e1b1affc6fddc7c465dff0416c8a234", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 4 }, - "text": "References" + "text": "[1] G. Carpaneto, M. Dell'Amico, M. Fischetti, P. Toth, A branch and bound algorithm for the multiple depot vehicle scheduling problem, Networks 19 (5) (1989) 531-548." }, { - "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "ba0af0b44e7cc27de119a1771c07dfc2", + "type": "ListItem", + "element_id": "be401eb5b247632c2f3966e4c37dd8ae", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 4 + }, + "text": "[2] N. Kliewer, T. Mellouli, L. Suhl, A time-space network based exact optimization model for multi-depot bus scheduling, Eur. J. Oper. Res. 175 (3) (2006) 1616-1627." + }, + { + "type": "ListItem", + "element_id": "dd8920331ab639dbe3fd39605c0d583f", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 4 + }, + "text": "[3] S. Kulkarni, M. Krishnamoorthy, A. Ranade, A.T. Ernst, R. Patil, A new formulation and a column generation-based heuristic for the multiple depot vehicle scheduling problem, Transp. Res. Part B Methodol. 118 (2018) 457-487." + }, + { + "type": "ListItem", + "element_id": "33edf93e6f8900c4bccbff43de487158", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 4 + }, + "text": "[4] A.S. Pepin, G. Desaulniers, A. Hertz, D. Huisman, A comparison of five heuristics for the multiple depot vehicle scheduling problem, J. Sched. 12 (1) (2009) 17." + }, + { + "type": "ListItem", + "element_id": "ec1963edde66d2c57c5ff9f05b5829c8", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 4 }, - "text": "[1] G. Carpaneto, M. Dell'Amico, M. Fischetti, P. Toth, A branch and bound algorithm for the multiple depot vehicle scheduling problem, Networks 19 (5) (1989) 531-548. [2] N. Kliewer, T. Mellouli, L. Suhl, A time-space network based exact optimization model for multi-depot bus scheduling, Eur. J. Oper. Res. 175 (3) (2006) 1616-1627. [3] S. Kulkarni, M. Krishnamoorthy, A. Ranade, A.T. Ernst, R. Patil, A new formulation and a column generation-based heuristic for the multiple depot vehicle scheduling problem, Transp. Res. Part B Methodol. 118 (2018) 457-487. [4] A.S. Pepin, G. Desaulniers, A. Hertz, D. Huisman, A comparison of five heuristics for the multiple depot vehicle scheduling problem, J. Sched. 12 (1) (2009) 17. [5] C.C. Ribeiro, F. Soumis, A column generation approach to the multiple-depot vehicle scheduling problem, Oper. Res. 42 (1) (1994) 41-52." + "text": "[5] C.C. Ribeiro, F. Soumis, A column generation approach to the multiple-depot vehicle scheduling problem, Oper. Res. 42 (1) (1994) 41-52." } ] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/test_unstructured_ingest/expected-structured-output/biomed-path/07/07/sbaa031.073.PMC7234218.pdf.json b/test_unstructured_ingest/expected-structured-output/biomed-path/07/07/sbaa031.073.PMC7234218.pdf.json index 24ce361e7b..ea0709f203 100644 --- a/test_unstructured_ingest/expected-structured-output/biomed-path/07/07/sbaa031.073.PMC7234218.pdf.json +++ b/test_unstructured_ingest/expected-structured-output/biomed-path/07/07/sbaa031.073.PMC7234218.pdf.json @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ [ { - "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "055b9fd1463ee2c4481b4eb9e20d4b0f", + "type": "Header", + "element_id": "cda1ae2f061dbdafb3374e6411d3823e", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", @@ -10,8 +10,8 @@ "text": "S32" }, { - "type": "Title", - "element_id": "b8b976f4707d2af116239c70acf8f2be", + "type": "Header", + "element_id": "d7106f2241a37dc4e61314f45da1ff5b", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", @@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "d16d8a1280ba2acf52f98e9d3c9c2301", + "element_id": "f7573da2765829e5fcbc8eed02057106", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", @@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ "text": "Discussion: Our data confirm previous findings on reduced slow wave density in FEP, and expand them to acute subjects, before any treatment is prescribed. This is in line with available data on diffuse abnormalities of cortico-cortical and cortico-thalamic networks in these patients. Interestingly, our data also offer preliminary evidence that this deficit is specific for SCZ, as it appears to differentiate patients who developed SCZ from those with other diagnoses at follow-up. Given the traveling properties of slow waves, future research should establish their potential as markers of connectivity in SCZ." }, { - "type": "Title", + "type": "NarrativeText", "element_id": "c02ccab64d2a356a96f5394a2b92fa0b", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, @@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "6164e852cb79f9408e833e350240ac5c", + "element_id": "9e7cc386b1093b082bccf936861747aa", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", @@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ "text": "Background: Meta-analytic evidence showed increased levels of periph- eral endocannabinoid metabolites in psychotic illness. Alterations in the endocannabinoid system are believed to compromise glutamate and do- pamine transmission, which play a central role in pathophysiological models of psychosis. I will present preliminary data from an ongoing high-field proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) study aimed at investigating the association between peripheral levels of endocannabinoid system metabolites and central glutamate metabolism in individuals at their first non-affective psychotic episode (NA-FEP) and healthy controls. Methods: We expect to recruit 17 NA-FEP and 20 healthy controls by January 2020. Currently, we recruited 12 NA-FEP and 18 healthy controls from two different research facilities (Imperial College London and University of Oxford) as part of a cross-sectional study. Participants un- derwent MRS scanning at 7-T with voxels placed in right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (right-DLPFC), anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), and oc- cipital cortex. Neuro-metabolites will be calculated using the unsuppressed water signal as reference. Endocannabinoid metabolites were quantified from serum samples, collected during the same imaging session. Results: Analyses are ongoing. Based on previous evidence, expected findings are: (i) reduced glutamate levels in the ACC and right-DLPFC of NA-FEP compared to controls; (ii) increased peripheral endocannabinoid metabolites in NA-FEP compared to controls; and (iii) inverse association between peripheral endocannabinoid metabolites and glutamate levels in ACC and right-DLPFC in NA-FEP Discussion: This study will help clarifying the contribution of peripheral endocannabinoid system to central brain mechanisms of key relevance for psychotic illness. It will also add further evidence on the limited literature on high-resolution characterisation of brain metabolites in early psychosis. Strengths of the study include: (i) use of high-field MRS, which allows the estimation of glutamate-related compounds at higher precision than at lower field strength; (ii) reduced heterogeneity of the clinical sample (only male and NA-FEP). Limitations: small sample size and cross-sectional design." }, { - "type": "Title", + "type": "NarrativeText", "element_id": "80abb04ec613b1d325ce6b8d0bb3349d", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, @@ -120,8 +120,8 @@ "text": "Camila Loureiro*1, Corsi-Zuelli Fabiana1, Fachim Helene Aparecida1, Shuhama Rosana1, Menezes Paulo Rossi1, Dalton Caroline F2," }, { - "type": "Title", - "element_id": "3aa954bd1e29835edef83b7cd04e9769", + "type": "NarrativeText", + "element_id": "117f7774fd093a60d964cc5b461f3e22", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", @@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ }, { "type": "Title", - "element_id": "574d62523bf0c0a56967c26c82840550", + "element_id": "44b59a545030365cd1ad225ed05ff22d", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", diff --git a/test_unstructured_ingest/expected-structured-output/local-single-file-with-pdf-infer-table-structure/layout-parser-paper.pdf.json b/test_unstructured_ingest/expected-structured-output/local-single-file-with-pdf-infer-table-structure/layout-parser-paper.pdf.json index 99b11a3a14..a05bf96dd0 100644 --- a/test_unstructured_ingest/expected-structured-output/local-single-file-with-pdf-infer-table-structure/layout-parser-paper.pdf.json +++ b/test_unstructured_ingest/expected-structured-output/local-single-file-with-pdf-infer-table-structure/layout-parser-paper.pdf.json @@ -30,27 +30,27 @@ "text": "1 2 0 2" }, { - "type": "Title", - "element_id": "2e26dc2c4d8d6e4e53865d5697d3a983", + "type": "Header", + "element_id": "f03c6d91abe08ae952f1122ce62bb508", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 1 }, - "text": "n u J" + "text": "2103.15348v2 [cs.CV] 21 Jun" }, { "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "f71998fe363b9c29116c80b5eecf33a2", + "element_id": "2bc84f0cc92df12c750ef7cc180fa144", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 1 }, - "text": "1 2" + "text": "2 v 8 4 3 5 1 . 3 0 1 2 : v i X r a" }, { - "type": "ListItem", + "type": "NarrativeText", "element_id": "4fcc5b6364213b1efa9272bdce4f9fcd", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, @@ -60,154 +60,154 @@ "text": "1 Allen Institute for AI shannons@allenai.org 2 Brown University ruochen zhang@brown.edu 3 Harvard University {melissadell,jacob carlson}@fas.harvard.edu 4 University of Washington bcgl@cs.washington.edu 5 University of Waterloo w422li@uwaterloo.ca" }, { - "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "cfae0d4248f7142f7b17f826cd7a5192", + "type": "NarrativeText", + "element_id": "be90d2640470e975e3402d19ba2c66cf", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 1 }, - "text": "]" + "text": "Abstract. Recent advances in document image analysis (DIA) have been primarily driven by the application of neural networks. Ideally, research outcomes could be easily deployed in production and extended for further investigation. However, various factors like loosely organized codebases and sophisticated model configurations complicate the easy reuse of im- portant innovations by a wide audience. Though there have been on-going efforts to improve reusability and simplify deep learning (DL) model development in disciplines like natural language processing and computer vision, none of them are optimized for challenges in the domain of DIA. This represents a major gap in the existing toolkit, as DIA is central to academic research across a wide range of disciplines in the social sciences and humanities. This paper introduces LayoutParser, an open-source library for streamlining the usage of DL in DIA research and applica- tions. The core LayoutParser library comes with a set of simple and intuitive interfaces for applying and customizing DL models for layout de- tection, character recognition, and many other document processing tasks. To promote extensibility, LayoutParser also incorporates a community platform for sharing both pre-trained models and full document digiti- zation pipelines. We demonstrate that LayoutParser is helpful for both lightweight and large-scale digitization pipelines in real-word use cases. The library is publicly available at https://layout-parser.github.io." }, { - "type": "Title", - "element_id": "19d05c4115a6b94b3b470e7c10e29698", + "type": "NarrativeText", + "element_id": "e66a3d2b6c9a872c53e226d8e0cc0a0e", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 1 }, - "text": "V C . s c [" + "text": "Keywords: Document Image Analysis · Deep Learning · Layout Analysis · Character Recognition · Open Source library · Toolkit." }, { - "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "2bc84f0cc92df12c750ef7cc180fa144", + "type": "Title", + "element_id": "3fa53fc0dab8ef96d05d8fd4c7e41b49", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 1 }, - "text": "2 v 8 4 3 5 1 . 3 0 1 2 : v i X r a" + "text": "Introduction" }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "be90d2640470e975e3402d19ba2c66cf", + "element_id": "bca638b88125eed8a8003e46a6055618", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 1 }, - "text": "Abstract. Recent advances in document image analysis (DIA) have been primarily driven by the application of neural networks. Ideally, research outcomes could be easily deployed in production and extended for further investigation. However, various factors like loosely organized codebases and sophisticated model configurations complicate the easy reuse of im- portant innovations by a wide audience. Though there have been on-going efforts to improve reusability and simplify deep learning (DL) model development in disciplines like natural language processing and computer vision, none of them are optimized for challenges in the domain of DIA. This represents a major gap in the existing toolkit, as DIA is central to academic research across a wide range of disciplines in the social sciences and humanities. This paper introduces LayoutParser, an open-source library for streamlining the usage of DL in DIA research and applica- tions. The core LayoutParser library comes with a set of simple and intuitive interfaces for applying and customizing DL models for layout de- tection, character recognition, and many other document processing tasks. To promote extensibility, LayoutParser also incorporates a community platform for sharing both pre-trained models and full document digiti- zation pipelines. We demonstrate that LayoutParser is helpful for both lightweight and large-scale digitization pipelines in real-word use cases. The library is publicly available at https://layout-parser.github.io." + "text": "Deep Learning(DL)-based approaches are the state-of-the-art for a wide range of document image analysis (DIA) tasks including document image classification [11," }, { - "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "e66a3d2b6c9a872c53e226d8e0cc0a0e", + "type": "Title", + "element_id": "0119810584ee0b01e4d14dfd8c250bf2", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 1 + "page_number": 2 }, - "text": "Keywords: Document Image Analysis · Deep Learning · Layout Analysis · Character Recognition · Open Source library · Toolkit." + "text": "2 Z. Shen et al." }, { - "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "6b86b273ff34fce19d6b804eff5a3f57", + "type": "NarrativeText", + "element_id": "82d5520be5fd847464727f56151d316c", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 1 + "page_number": 2 }, - "text": "1" + "text": "37], layout detection [38, 22], table detection [26], and scene text detection [4]. A generalized learning-based framework dramatically reduces the need for the manual specification of complicated rules, which is the status quo with traditional methods. DL has the potential to transform DIA pipelines and benefit a broad spectrum of large-scale document digitization projects." }, { - "type": "Title", - "element_id": "3fa53fc0dab8ef96d05d8fd4c7e41b49", + "type": "NarrativeText", + "element_id": "836e6ef5cecc9a73356c0d5bee181829", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 1 + "page_number": 2 }, - "text": "Introduction" + "text": "LayoutParser provides a unified toolkit to support DL-based document image analysis and processing. To address the aforementioned challenges, LayoutParser is built with the following components:" }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "bca638b88125eed8a8003e46a6055618", + "element_id": "c1f1ba1630bc19bd24c1dfbc1548f2d8", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 1 + "page_number": 2 }, - "text": "Deep Learning(DL)-based approaches are the state-of-the-art for a wide range of document image analysis (DIA) tasks including document image classification [11," + "text": "However, there are several practical difficulties for taking advantages of re- cent advances in DL-based methods: 1) DL models are notoriously convoluted for reuse and extension. Existing models are developed using distinct frame- works like TensorFlow [1] or PyTorch [24], and the high-level parameters can be obfuscated by implementation details [8]. It can be a time-consuming and frustrating experience to debug, reproduce, and adapt existing models for DIA, and many researchers who would benefit the most from using these methods lack the technical background to implement them from scratch. 2) Document images contain diverse and disparate patterns across domains, and customized training is often required to achieve a desirable detection accuracy. Currently there is no full-fledged infrastructure for easily curating the target document image datasets and fine-tuning or re-training the models. 3) DIA usually requires a sequence of models and other processing to obtain the final outputs. Often research teams use DL models and then perform further document analyses in separate processes, and these pipelines are not documented in any central location (and often not documented at all). This makes it difficult for research teams to learn about how full pipelines are implemented and leads them to invest significant resources in reinventing the DIA wheel." }, { - "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "d4735e3a265e16eee03f59718b9b5d03", + "type": "NarrativeText", + "element_id": "1f0f5df7c23d4f8e8de4de3085abd7d8", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 2 }, - "text": "2" + "text": "The library implements simple and intuitive Python APIs without sacrificing generalizability and versatility, and can be easily installed via pip. Its convenient functions for handling document image data can be seamlessly integrated with existing DIA pipelines. With detailed documentations and carefully curated tutorials, we hope this tool will benefit a variety of end-users, and will lead to advances in applications in both industry and academic research." }, { - "type": "Title", - "element_id": "22364b7a1d2b35282b360d61ae08e2b9", + "type": "ListItem", + "element_id": "18b1855acfb386ae6e6a253da566e93b", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 2 }, - "text": "Z. Shen et al." + "text": "4. A DL model hub and community platform for the easy sharing, distribu- tion, and discussion of DIA models and pipelines, to promote reusability, reproducibility, and extensibility (Section 4)" }, { - "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "82d5520be5fd847464727f56151d316c", + "type": "ListItem", + "element_id": "22b127e6d05ce12ad9b9170909c64bbc", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 2 }, - "text": "37], layout detection [38, 22], table detection [26], and scene text detection [4]. A generalized learning-based framework dramatically reduces the need for the manual specification of complicated rules, which is the status quo with traditional methods. DL has the potential to transform DIA pipelines and benefit a broad spectrum of large-scale document digitization projects." + "text": "1. An off-the-shelf toolkit for applying DL models for recognition, and other DIA tasks (Section Bp ayout det ection, character" }, { - "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "c1f1ba1630bc19bd24c1dfbc1548f2d8", + "type": "ListItem", + "element_id": "569ce8891b02bc38f50a0cde0039e951", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 2 }, - "text": "However, there are several practical difficulties for taking advantages of re- cent advances in DL-based methods: 1) DL models are notoriously convoluted for reuse and extension. Existing models are developed using distinct frame- works like TensorFlow [1] or PyTorch [24], and the high-level parameters can be obfuscated by implementation details [8]. It can be a time-consuming and frustrating experience to debug, reproduce, and adapt existing models for DIA, and many researchers who would benefit the most from using these methods lack the technical background to implement them from scratch. 2) Document images contain diverse and disparate patterns across domains, and customized training is often required to achieve a desirable detection accuracy. Currently there is no full-fledged infrastructure for easily curating the target document image datasets and fine-tuning or re-training the models. 3) DIA usually requires a sequence of models and other processing to obtain the final outputs. Often research teams use DL models and then perform further document analyses in separate processes, and these pipelines are not documented in any central location (and often not documented at all). This makes it difficult for research teams to learn about how full pipelines are implemented and leads them to invest significant resources in reinventing the DIA wheel." + "text": "2. A rich repository of pre-trained neural network models (Model Zoo) that" }, { - "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "836e6ef5cecc9a73356c0d5bee181829", + "type": "ListItem", + "element_id": "18dcbc2839f9783d2c91cbce75d3e685", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 2 }, - "text": "LayoutParser provides a unified toolkit to support DL-based document image analysis and processing. To address the aforementioned challenges, LayoutParser is built with the following components:" + "text": "3. Comprehensive tools for efficient document image data annotation and model" }, { "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "dc2c331204369d29f5bdcd8dc88a8174", + "element_id": "e4b1d076c9e9c84a45bd11fcf816bddf", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 2 }, - "text": "1. An off-the-shelf toolkit for applying DL models for recognition, and other DIA tasks (Section Bp ayout det ection, character 2. A rich repository of pre-trained neural network models (Model Zoo) that underlies the off-the-shelf usage 3. Comprehensive tools for efficient document image tuning to support different levels of customization 4. A DL model hub and community platform for t tion, and discussion of DIA models and pipeline: reproducibility, and extensibility (Section [4) ne easy S. ata annotation and model haring, distribu- s, to promote reusability," + "text": "Comprehensive tools for efficient document image tuning to support different levels of customization ata annotation and model" }, { - "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "1f0f5df7c23d4f8e8de4de3085abd7d8", + "type": "ListItem", + "element_id": "90deab7b4ea81483c3431cebb1621c61", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 2 }, - "text": "The library implements simple and intuitive Python APIs without sacrificing generalizability and versatility, and can be easily installed via pip. Its convenient functions for handling document image data can be seamlessly integrated with existing DIA pipelines. With detailed documentations and carefully curated tutorials, we hope this tool will benefit a variety of end-users, and will lead to advances in applications in both industry and academic research." + "text": "A rich repository of pre-trained neural network models (Model Zoo) underlies the off-the-shelf usage" }, { "type": "NarrativeText", @@ -220,8 +220,8 @@ "text": "LayoutParser is well aligned with recent efforts for improving DL model reusability in other disciplines like natural language processing [8, 34] and com- puter vision [35], but with a focus on unique challenges in DIA. We show LayoutParser can be applied in sophisticated and large-scale digitization projects" }, { - "type": "Title", - "element_id": "69c327f77af9a7259f0febf0dffa7e1a", + "type": "Header", + "element_id": "4c2478cf439baab6ace34761eda527d9", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", @@ -229,16 +229,6 @@ }, "text": "LayoutParser: A Unified Toolkit for DL-Based DIA" }, - { - "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "4e07408562bedb8b60ce05c1decfe3ad", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 3 - }, - "text": "3" - }, { "type": "NarrativeText", "element_id": "74a7758f83612467af8eea9d20e4a6f7", @@ -300,8 +290,8 @@ "text": "Recent years have also seen numerous efforts to create libraries for promoting reproducibility and reusability in the field of DL. Libraries like Dectectron2 [35]," }, { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "bbde5bc98ffe50bc4557c848cb1a0473", + "type": "NarrativeText", + "element_id": "77ddbbd89513c49479cd4dad3261d07d", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", @@ -310,34 +300,24 @@ "text": "6 The number shown is obtained by specifying the search type as ‘code’. 7 https://ocr-d.de/en/about 8 https://github.com/BobLd/DocumentLayoutAnalysis 9 https://github.com/leonlulu/DeepLayout 10 https://github.com/hpanwar08/detectron2 11 https://github.com/JaidedAI/EasyOCR 12 https://github.com/PaddlePaddle/PaddleOCR" }, { - "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "4b227777d4dd1fc61c6f884f48641d02", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 4 - }, - "text": "4" - }, - { - "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "3993b330c2b3b86513c3edbcd33afc91", + "type": "ListItem", + "element_id": "90b6d90b1496cbc35cb08e310e03d063", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 4 }, - "text": "Z. Shen et al." + "text": "Shen et al. ~ N n" }, { - "type": "FigureCaption", + "type": "Image", "element_id": "812dcaaec927a84d57af36e20adb5ded", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 4 }, - "text": "Efficient Data Annotation Model Customization Document Images Community Platform ‘a >) ¥ DIA Model Hub i .) Customized Model Training] == | Layout Detection Models | ——= DIA Pipeline Sharing ~ OCR Module = { Layout Data stuctue ) = (storage Visualization VY" + "text": " Efficient Data Annotation Model Customization Document Images Community Platform ‘a >) ¥ DIA Model Hub i .) Customized Model Training] == | Layout Detection Models | ——= DIA Pipeline Sharing ~ OCR Module = { Layout Data stuctue ) = (storage Visualization VY " }, { "type": "NarrativeText", @@ -390,7 +370,7 @@ "text": "At the core of LayoutParser is an off-the-shelf toolkit that streamlines DL- based document image analysis. Five components support a simple interface with comprehensive functionalities: 1) The layout detection models enable using pre-trained or self-trained DL models for layout detection with just four lines of code. 2) The detected layout information is stored in carefully engineered" }, { - "type": "NarrativeText", + "type": "Header", "element_id": "4c2478cf439baab6ace34761eda527d9", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, @@ -400,34 +380,34 @@ "text": "LayoutParser: A Unified Toolkit for DL-Based DIA" }, { - "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "ef2d127de37b942baad06145e54b0c61", + "type": "FigureCaption", + "element_id": "b51f99cb953082a922ba43c09d4492b3", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 5 }, - "text": "5" + "text": "Table 1: Current layout detection models in the LayoutParser model zoo" }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "b51f99cb953082a922ba43c09d4492b3", + "element_id": "ec22445e13875ab6bbce602dd7f07c99", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 5 }, - "text": "Table 1: Current layout detection models in the LayoutParser model zoo" + "text": "PubLayNet [38] PRImA [3] Newspaper [17] TableBank [18] HJDataset [31]" }, { - "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "ec22445e13875ab6bbce602dd7f07c99", + "type": "Title", + "element_id": "4411e525721e7dd801755882fd2361b2", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 5 }, - "text": "PubLayNet [38] PRImA [3] Newspaper [17] TableBank [18] HJDataset [31]" + "text": "Dataset" }, { "type": "Table", @@ -436,20 +416,10 @@ "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 5, - "text_as_html": "
Dataset| Base Model'|Large Model| Notes
PubLayNet B8]|F/MMLayouts of modern scientific documents
M-Layouts of scanned modern magazines and scientific reports
F-Layouts of scanned US newspapers from the 20th century
TableBankFFnd business document. Table region on modern scientific
HJDatasetF/M-Layouts of history Japanese documents
" + "text_as_html": "
Dataset| Base Model'| Large Model| Notes
PubLayNet B8]|F/MMLayouts of modern scientific documents
PRImAM-Layouts of scanned modern magazines and scientific reports
NewspaperF-Layouts of scanned US newspapers from the 20th century
TableBankFFTable region on modern scientific and business document
HJDatasetF/M-Layouts of history Japanese documents
" }, "text": "Dataset | Base Model'| Large Model | Notes PubLayNet B8]| F/M M Layouts of modern scientific documents PRImA M - nned modern magazines and scientific reports Newspapei F - canned US newspapers from the 20th century TableBank F F Table region on modern scientific and business document HJDataset F/M - Layouts of history Japanese documents" }, - { - "type": "Title", - "element_id": "4411e525721e7dd801755882fd2361b2", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 5 - }, - "text": "Dataset" - }, { "type": "Title", "element_id": "e204034a86be67f09ca103677799d7af", @@ -491,7 +461,7 @@ "text": "Layouts of modern scientific documents Layouts of scanned modern magazines and scientific reports Layouts of scanned US newspapers from the 20th century Table region on modern scientific and business document Layouts of history Japanese documents" }, { - "type": "NarrativeText", + "type": "Footer", "element_id": "c24bcb2cf98d6226bd805b6f99d3b61a", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, @@ -512,26 +482,26 @@ }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "11dff8778699e76422be6b86c9eaa62a", + "element_id": "9fb9573af5bf767f81cdaf2cf1a72cd9", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 5 }, - "text": "In LayoutParser, a layout model takes a document image as an input and generates a list of rectangular boxes for the target content regions. Different from traditional methods, it relies on deep convolutional neural networks rather than manually curated rules to identify content regions. It is formulated as an object detection problem and state-of-the-art models like Faster R-CNN [28] and Mask R-CNN [12] are used. This yields prediction results of high accuracy and makes it possible to build a concise, generalized interface for layout detection. LayoutParser, built upon Detectron2 [35], provides a minimal API that can perform layout detection with only four lines of code in Python:" + "text": "layout data structures, which are optimized for efficiency and versatility. 3) When necessary, users can employ existing or customized OCR models via the unified API provided in the OCR module. 4) LayoutParser comes with a set of utility functions for the visualization and storage of the layout data. 5) LayoutParser is also highly customizable, via its integration with functions for layout data annotation and model training. We now provide detailed descriptions for each component." }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "9fb9573af5bf767f81cdaf2cf1a72cd9", + "element_id": "11dff8778699e76422be6b86c9eaa62a", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 5 }, - "text": "layout data structures, which are optimized for efficiency and versatility. 3) When necessary, users can employ existing or customized OCR models via the unified API provided in the OCR module. 4) LayoutParser comes with a set of utility functions for the visualization and storage of the layout data. 5) LayoutParser is also highly customizable, via its integration with functions for layout data annotation and model training. We now provide detailed descriptions for each component." + "text": "In LayoutParser, a layout model takes a document image as an input and generates a list of rectangular boxes for the target content regions. Different from traditional methods, it relies on deep convolutional neural networks rather than manually curated rules to identify content regions. It is formulated as an object detection problem and state-of-the-art models like Faster R-CNN [28] and Mask R-CNN [12] are used. This yields prediction results of high accuracy and makes it possible to build a concise, generalized interface for layout detection. LayoutParser, built upon Detectron2 [35], provides a minimal API that can perform layout detection with only four lines of code in Python:" }, { - "type": "ListItem", + "type": "NarrativeText", "element_id": "e416e69991bf6a4b338df18ebdb6e712", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, @@ -550,25 +520,15 @@ }, "text": "LayoutParser provides a wealth of pre-trained model weights using various datasets covering different languages, time periods, and document types. Due to domain shift [7], the prediction performance can notably drop when models are ap- plied to target samples that are significantly different from the training dataset. As document structures and layouts vary greatly in different domains, it is important to select models trained on a dataset similar to the test samples. A semantic syntax is used for initializing the model weights in LayoutParser, using both the dataset name and model name lp:///." }, - { - "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "e7f6c011776e8db7cd330b54174fd76f", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 6 - }, - "text": "6" - }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "3993b330c2b3b86513c3edbcd33afc91", + "element_id": "5c44994a44f74b706d8a5e74cd753a8b", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 6 }, - "text": "Z. Shen et al." + "text": "6 Z. Shen et al." }, { "type": "Image", @@ -590,16 +550,6 @@ }, "text": "3.2 Layout Data Structures" }, - { - "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "cafae07120d714f0822e89865adf62da", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 6 - }, - "text": "Fig. 2: The relationship between the three types of layout data structures. Coordinate supports three kinds of variation; TextBlock consists of the co- ordinate information and extra features like block text, types, and reading orders; a Layout object is a list of all possible layout elements, including other Layout objects. They all support the same set of transformation and operation APIs for maximum flexibility." - }, { "type": "NarrativeText", "element_id": "7461d30ee7c51c91bca8003792d43bfe", @@ -621,24 +571,24 @@ "text": "A critical feature of LayoutParser is the implementation of a series of data structures and operations that can be used to efficiently process and manipulate the layout elements. In document image analysis pipelines, various post-processing on the layout analysis model outputs is usually required to obtain the final outputs. Traditionally, this requires exporting DL model outputs and then loading the results into other pipelines. All model outputs from LayoutParser will be stored in carefully engineered data types optimized for further processing, which makes it possible to build an end-to-end document digitization pipeline within LayoutParser. There are three key components in the data structure, namely the Coordinate system, the TextBlock, and the Layout. They provide different levels of abstraction for the layout data, and a set of APIs are supported for transformations or operations on these classes." }, { - "type": "Title", - "element_id": "69c327f77af9a7259f0febf0dffa7e1a", + "type": "FigureCaption", + "element_id": "cafae07120d714f0822e89865adf62da", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 7 + "page_number": 6 }, - "text": "LayoutParser: A Unified Toolkit for DL-Based DIA" + "text": "Fig. 2: The relationship between the three types of layout data structures. Coordinate supports three kinds of variation; TextBlock consists of the co- ordinate information and extra features like block text, types, and reading orders; a Layout object is a list of all possible layout elements, including other Layout objects. They all support the same set of transformation and operation APIs for maximum flexibility." }, { - "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "7902699be42c8a8e46fbbb4501726517", + "type": "Title", + "element_id": "4c2478cf439baab6ace34761eda527d9", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 7 }, - "text": "7" + "text": "LayoutParser: A Unified Toolkit for DL-Based DIA" }, { "type": "Title", @@ -652,36 +602,36 @@ }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "e284bd66511cfa064681253e7ac57a9a", + "element_id": "f2a3e5fbb983d9132dddecc381ed6e0b", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 7 }, - "text": "LayoutParser provides a unified interface for existing OCR tools. Though there are many OCR tools available, they are usually configured differently with distinct APIs or protocols for using them. It can be inefficient to add new OCR tools into an existing pipeline, and difficult to make direct comparisons among the available tools to find the best option for a particular project. To this end, LayoutParser builds a series of wrappers among existing OCR engines, and provides nearly the same syntax for using them. It supports a plug-and-play style of using OCR engines, making it effortless to switch, evaluate, and compare different OCR modules:" + "text": "Coordinates are the cornerstones for storing layout information. Currently, three types of Coordinate data structures are provided in LayoutParser, shown in Figure 2. Interval and Rectangle are the most common data types and support specifying 1D or 2D regions within a document. They are parameterized with 2 and 4 parameters. A Quadrilateral class is also implemented to support a more generalized representation of rectangular regions when the document is skewed or distorted, where the 4 corner points can be specified and a total of 8 degrees of freedom are supported. A wide collection of transformations like shift, pad, and scale, and operations like intersect, union, and is_in, are supported for these classes. Notably, it is common to separate a segment of the image and analyze it individually. LayoutParser provides full support for this scenario via image cropping operations crop_image and coordinate transformations like relative_to and condition_on that transform coordinates to and from their relative representations. We refer readers to Table 2 for a more detailed description of these operations13." }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "eec800eef6e395c21feacd729868dd18", + "element_id": "e284bd66511cfa064681253e7ac57a9a", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 7 }, - "text": "Based on Coordinates, we implement the TextBlock class that stores both the positional and extra features of individual layout elements. It also supports specifying the reading orders via setting the parent field to the index of the parent object. A Layout class is built that takes in a list of TextBlocks and supports processing the elements in batch. Layout can also be nested to support hierarchical layout structures. They support the same operations and transformations as the Coordinate classes, minimizing both learning and deployment effort." + "text": "LayoutParser provides a unified interface for existing OCR tools. Though there are many OCR tools available, they are usually configured differently with distinct APIs or protocols for using them. It can be inefficient to add new OCR tools into an existing pipeline, and difficult to make direct comparisons among the available tools to find the best option for a particular project. To this end, LayoutParser builds a series of wrappers among existing OCR engines, and provides nearly the same syntax for using them. It supports a plug-and-play style of using OCR engines, making it effortless to switch, evaluate, and compare different OCR modules:" }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "f2a3e5fbb983d9132dddecc381ed6e0b", + "element_id": "eec800eef6e395c21feacd729868dd18", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 7 }, - "text": "Coordinates are the cornerstones for storing layout information. Currently, three types of Coordinate data structures are provided in LayoutParser, shown in Figure 2. Interval and Rectangle are the most common data types and support specifying 1D or 2D regions within a document. They are parameterized with 2 and 4 parameters. A Quadrilateral class is also implemented to support a more generalized representation of rectangular regions when the document is skewed or distorted, where the 4 corner points can be specified and a total of 8 degrees of freedom are supported. A wide collection of transformations like shift, pad, and scale, and operations like intersect, union, and is_in, are supported for these classes. Notably, it is common to separate a segment of the image and analyze it individually. LayoutParser provides full support for this scenario via image cropping operations crop_image and coordinate transformations like relative_to and condition_on that transform coordinates to and from their relative representations. We refer readers to Table 2 for a more detailed description of these operations13." + "text": "Based on Coordinates, we implement the TextBlock class that stores both the positional and extra features of individual layout elements. It also supports specifying the reading orders via setting the parent field to the index of the parent object. A Layout class is built that takes in a list of TextBlocks and supports processing the elements in batch. Layout can also be nested to support hierarchical layout structures. They support the same operations and transformations as the Coordinate classes, minimizing both learning and deployment effort." }, { - "type": "ListItem", + "type": "NarrativeText", "element_id": "55ab2654fa8c2c01de322b52f4fad508", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, @@ -712,7 +662,7 @@ }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "8bcb4c948fda07d2fdbf7d582983b93e", + "element_id": "9a44827ec5ebbf51ad441ff9927c6e83", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", @@ -721,84 +671,84 @@ "text": "13 This is also available in the LayoutParser documentation pages." }, { - "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "2c624232cdd221771294dfbb310aca00", + "type": "ListItem", + "element_id": "3993b330c2b3b86513c3edbcd33afc91", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 8 }, - "text": "8" + "text": "Z. Shen et al." }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "3993b330c2b3b86513c3edbcd33afc91", + "element_id": "6727ba436ddf5e47087d005ded6c049f", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 8 }, - "text": "Z. Shen et al." + "text": "Table 2: All operations supported by the layout elements. The same APIs are supported across different layout element classes including Coordinate types, TextBlock and Layout." }, { - "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "6727ba436ddf5e47087d005ded6c049f", + "type": "Title", + "element_id": "abf4059c5c98ff5bbd0dde9f8c2b7c75", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 8 }, - "text": "Table 2: All operations supported by the layout elements. The same APIs are supported across different layout element classes including Coordinate types, TextBlock and Layout." + "text": "Operation Name" }, { "type": "Title", - "element_id": "abf4059c5c98ff5bbd0dde9f8c2b7c75", + "element_id": "526e0087cc3f254d9f86f6c7d8e23d95", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 8 }, - "text": "Operation Name" + "text": "Description" }, { "type": "Title", - "element_id": "505791f52a5741b58f5dd02836da7b31", + "element_id": "8dcb74f5ee2eabd0d8e966d46bcdf3be", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 8 }, - "text": "block1.union(block2)" + "text": "block.scale(fx, fy)" }, { "type": "Title", - "element_id": "acfa5090fbb8986000a92d84d41d8140", + "element_id": "1c1464d6a8f85d78202f67293ee7ac42", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 8 }, - "text": "block1.is in(block2)" + "text": "block.shift(dx, dy)" }, { "type": "Title", - "element_id": "8dcb74f5ee2eabd0d8e966d46bcdf3be", + "element_id": "acfa5090fbb8986000a92d84d41d8140", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 8 }, - "text": "block.scale(fx, fy)" + "text": "block1.is in(block2)" }, { "type": "Title", - "element_id": "1c1464d6a8f85d78202f67293ee7ac42", + "element_id": "505791f52a5741b58f5dd02836da7b31", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 8 }, - "text": "block.shift(dx, dy)" + "text": "block1.union(block2)" }, { "type": "Title", @@ -832,14 +782,14 @@ }, { "type": "Table", - "element_id": "f81d4915b54758e0d4d52af3566bb813", + "element_id": "f73e2a20abbf1180916a4b29b15e3b32", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 8, - "text_as_html": "
Operation NameDescription
block.pad(top, bottom,right,left)| Enlarge the current block according to the input
block.scale(fx, fy)Scale the current block given the ratio ; in x and y direction
. block.shift(dx, dy)Move the current block with the shift : : a distances in x and y direction
block1.is_in(block2)Whether block] is inside of block2
. block1. intersect (block2)Return the intersection region of block1 and block2. . . . Coordinate type to be determined based on the inputs.
. block1.union(block2)Return the union region of block1 and block2. . . . Coordinate type to be determined based on the inputs.
. block1.relative_to(block2)Convert the absolute coordinates of block to ' ' relative coordinates to block2
. block1.condition_on(block2)Calculate the absolute coordinates of blockl given . the canvas block2’s absolute coordinates
block. crop_image (image)Obtain the image segments in the block region
" + "text_as_html": "
block.pad(top, bottom,right,left)Enlarge the current block according to the input
block.scale(fx, fy)Scale the current block given the ratio in x and y direction
block.shift(dx, dy)Move the current block with the shift distances in x and y direction
block1.is_in(block2)Whether block] is inside of block2
block1. intersect (block2)Return the intersection region of blockl and block2. Coordinate type to be determined based on the inputs.
block1.union(block2)Return the union region of blockl and block2. Coordinate type to be determined based on the inputs.
block1.relative_to(block2)Convert the absolute coordinates of block to relative coordinates to block2
block1.condition_on(block2) block. crop_image (image)Calculate the absolute coordinates of blockl given the canvas block2’s absolute coordinates Obtain the image segments in the block region
" }, - "text": "Operation Name Description block.pad(top, bottom, right, left) Enlarge the current block according to the input block.scale(fx, fy) Scale the current block given the ratio ion in x and y di block.shift(dx, dy) Move the current block with the shift distances in x and y direction block1.is_in(block2) Whether block] is inside of block2 ; Return the intersection region of block and block2. block1. intersect (block2) . . . Coordinate type to be determined based on the inputs. ; Return the union region of block1 and block2. block1.union(block2) . . . Coordinate type to be determined based on the inputs. Convert the absolute coordinates of block to block1.relative_to(block2) ' ' relative coordinates to block2 . Calculate the absolute coordinates of block1 given block1.condition_on(block2) . the canvas block2’s absolute coordinates block. crop_image (image) Obtain the image segments in the block region" + "text": "Operation Name Description block.pad(top, bottom, right, left) Enlarge the current block according to the input block.scale(fx, fy) Scale the current block given the ratio ion in x and y di block.shift(dx, dy) Move the current block with the shift distances in x and y direction block1.is_in(block2) Whether block] is inside of block2 ; Return the intersection region of block and block2. block1. intersect (block2) . . . Coordinate type to be determined based on the inputs. ; Return the union region of block1 and block2. block1.union(block2) . . . Coordinate type to be determined based on the inputs. Convert the absolute coordinates of block to block1.relative_to(block2) ' ' relative coordinates to block2 . Calculate the absolute coordinates of block1 given block1.condition_on(block2) . the canvas block2’s absolute coordinates block. (image) Obtain the in the block" }, { "type": "NarrativeText", @@ -851,16 +801,6 @@ }, "text": "block.pad(top, bottom, right, left) Enlarge the current block according to the input" }, - { - "type": "Title", - "element_id": "526e0087cc3f254d9f86f6c7d8e23d95", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 8 - }, - "text": "Description" - }, { "type": "NarrativeText", "element_id": "6bd7ba22b5bc477ef4c291a10f4745bc", @@ -1002,7 +942,7 @@ "text": "14 https://altoxml.github.io" }, { - "type": "NarrativeText", + "type": "ListItem", "element_id": "4c2478cf439baab6ace34761eda527d9", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, @@ -1011,16 +951,6 @@ }, "text": "LayoutParser: A Unified Toolkit for DL-Based DIA" }, - { - "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "19581e27de7ced00ff1ce50b2047e7a5", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 9 - }, - "text": "9" - }, { "type": "Image", "element_id": "6df6057f894a166cf24fd34f64267f09", @@ -1072,24 +1002,14 @@ "text": "After the training dataset is curated, LayoutParser supports different modes for training the layout models. Fine-tuning can be used for training models on a small newly-labeled dataset by initializing the model with existing pre-trained weights. Training from scratch can be helpful when the source dataset and target are significantly different and a large training set is available. However, as suggested in Studer et al.’s work[33], loading pre-trained weights on large-scale datasets like ImageNet [5], even from totally different domains, can still boost model performance. Through the integrated API provided by LayoutParser, users can easily compare model performances on the benchmark datasets." }, { - "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "4a44dc15364204a80fe80e9039455cc1", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 10 - }, - "text": "10" - }, - { - "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "3993b330c2b3b86513c3edbcd33afc91", + "type": "ListItem", + "element_id": "9bf176adca2cfa747e7f0255bfc3594a", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 10 }, - "text": "Z. Shen et al." + "text": "10 Z. Shen et al." }, { "type": "Image", @@ -1163,7 +1083,7 @@ }, { "type": "Title", - "element_id": "69c327f77af9a7259f0febf0dffa7e1a", + "element_id": "4c2478cf439baab6ace34761eda527d9", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", @@ -1171,16 +1091,6 @@ }, "text": "LayoutParser: A Unified Toolkit for DL-Based DIA" }, - { - "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "4fc82b26aecb47d2868c4efbe3581732", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 11 - }, - "text": "11" - }, { "type": "NarrativeText", "element_id": "5cdbcea58a81d8f7de9a4fa841107be1", @@ -1203,7 +1113,7 @@ }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "59e46c1089fd1f2c58bba66545420ad6", + "element_id": "fa19ab2536cbbb48c09de29fdebd52bd", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", @@ -1233,7 +1143,7 @@ }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "39ed00ce33ad04a4542357a1f912aed8", + "element_id": "3cbd8234ac0c6d29feb24e6202144aa8", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", @@ -1252,28 +1162,18 @@ "text": "& document page consists of eight rows like this. For simplicity we skip the row segmentation discussion and refer readers to the source code when available." }, { - "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "6b51d431df5d7f141cbececcf79edf3d", + "type": "Title", + "element_id": "de2a222ad7b9cf1e5e5432f53c15996d", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 12 }, - "text": "12" - }, - { - "type": "Title", - "element_id": "22364b7a1d2b35282b360d61ae08e2b9", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 12 - }, - "text": "Z. Shen et al." + "text": "12 Z. Shen et al." }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "164904dc2ff256763b3e64f1b56a784e", + "element_id": "7174760d4c8d9b7b13da3918015312dc", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", @@ -1321,35 +1221,45 @@ }, "text": "Overall, it is possible to create an intricate and highly accurate digitization pipeline for large-scale digitization using LayoutParser. The pipeline avoids specifying the complicated rules used in traditional methods, is straightforward to develop, and is robust to outliers. The DL models also generate fine-grained results that enable creative approaches like page reorganization for OCR." }, + { + "type": "NarrativeText", + "element_id": "d11adbfd88959ce24fbfdc7f8155e777", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 12 + }, + "text": "16 This measures the overlap between the detected and ground-truth characters, and" + }, { "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "122f0a4bde97c6e10e95c6e54479e34e", + "element_id": "e67f07837a2a4c207b21a168c4f0aa6c", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 12 }, - "text": "16 This measures the overlap between the detected and ground-truth characters, and the maximum is 1. '7 This measures the number of edits from the ground-truth text to the predicted text, and lower is better." + "text": "This measures the overlap between the detected and ground-truth characters, the maximum is 1." }, { - "type": "Title", - "element_id": "69c327f77af9a7259f0febf0dffa7e1a", + "type": "ListItem", + "element_id": "f06c47bb49334c82c636ac2d1fe9ec4e", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 13 + "page_number": 12 }, - "text": "LayoutParser: A Unified Toolkit for DL-Based DIA" + "text": "'7 This measures the number of edits from the ground-truth text to the predicted text, and lower is better." }, { - "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "3fdba35f04dc8c462986c992bcf87554", + "type": "ListItem", + "element_id": "4c2478cf439baab6ace34761eda527d9", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 13 }, - "text": "13" + "text": "LayoutParser: A Unified Toolkit for DL-Based DIA" }, { "type": "Image", @@ -1362,7 +1272,7 @@ "text": "(2) Partial table atthe bottom (&) Full page table (6) Partial table at the top (d) Mis-detected tet line" }, { - "type": "NarrativeText", + "type": "FigureCaption", "element_id": "1a2b9e59d53ac38ee6affb3ffcda6b8c", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, @@ -1373,7 +1283,7 @@ }, { "type": "Title", - "element_id": "555b11646d1541685d37f9a18773dd74", + "element_id": "76c98240da7b06b4b3fcf8109edbbaba", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", @@ -1412,28 +1322,18 @@ "text": "18 https://github.com/atlanhq/camelot, https://github.com/tabulapdf/tabula" }, { - "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "8527a891e224136950ff32ca212b45bc", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 14 - }, - "text": "14" - }, - { - "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "3993b330c2b3b86513c3edbcd33afc91", + "type": "ListItem", + "element_id": "91e724833d5794abbd5fd6ad6c54aa9f", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 14 }, - "text": "Z. Shen et al." + "text": "14 Z. 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IEEE (2019)" + }, + { + "type": "NarrativeText", + "element_id": "385c241b43ef196663b8d30a6b8768ed", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 16 + }, + "text": "[34] Wolf, T., Debut, L., Sanh, V., Chaumond, J., Delangue, C., Moi, A., Cistac, P., Rault, T., Louf, R., Funtowicz, M., et al.: Huggingface’s transformers: State-of- the-art natural language processing. arXiv preprint arXiv:1910.03771 (2019) [35] Wu, Y., Kirillov, A., Massa, F., Lo, W.Y., Girshick, R.: Detectron2. https://" + }, + { + "type": "ListItem", + "element_id": "6c94dd219ce339c358163833e20d099e", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 16 + }, + "text": "[36] Xu, Y., Xu, Y., Lv, T., Cui, L., Wei, F., Wang, G., Lu, Y., Florencio, D., Zhang, C., Che, W., et al.: Layoutlmv2: Multi-modal pre-training for visually-rich document understanding. arXiv preprint arXiv:2012.14740 (2020)" + }, + { + "type": "ListItem", + "element_id": "94ce48002d0ae80dc04f26a5dd2e8f11", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 16 + }, + "text": "Xu, Y., Li, M., Cui, L., Huang, S., Wei, F., Zhou, M.: Layoutlm: Pre-training of text and layout for document image understanding (2019)" + }, + { + "type": "ListItem", + "element_id": "5657166191992144b2b06f2bd05ffabf", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 16 + }, + "text": "github. com/facebookresearch/detectron2) (2019) Wu, Y., Kirillov, A., Massa, F., Lo, W.Y., Girshick, R.: Detectron2." + }, + { + "type": "ListItem", + "element_id": "c1780f7a01a76540c5eb5cecf1a2270d", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 16 + }, + "text": "Shen, Z., Zhao, J., Dell, M., Yu, Y., Li, W.: Olala: Object-level active learning based layout annotation. arXiv preprint arXiv:2010.01762 (2020)" + }, + { + "type": "Title", + "element_id": "21d399ba787aabbf69a8ca861cbcc4a3", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 16 + }, + "text": "[38] Zhong, X., Tang, J., Yepes, A.J.: Publaynet:" }, { "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "993f472d953f5d0e4054f1d4ad6fc4f0", + "element_id": "435e423f8ca655521a6fe38e8e0a3e1d", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 16 }, - "text": "23 github. com/facebookresearch/detectron2) (2019) Paszke, A., Gross, S., Chintala, S., Chanan, G., Yang, E., DeVito, Z., Lin, Z., Desmaison, A., Antiga, L., Lerer, A.: Automatic differentiation in pytorch (2017) Paszke, A., Gross, S., Massa, F., Lerer, A., Bradbury, J., Chanan, G., Killeen, T., Lin, Z., Gimelshein, N., Antiga, L., et al.: Pytorch: An imperative style, high-performance deep learning library. arXiv preprint arXiv:1912.01703 (2019) Pletschacher, S., Antonacopoulos, A.: The page (page analysis and ground-truth elements) format framework. In: 2010 20th International Conference on Pattern Recognition. pp. 257-260. IEEE (2010) Prasad, D., Gadpal, A., Kapadni, K., Visave, M., Sultanpure, K.: Cascadetabnet: An approach for end to end table detection and structure recognition from image- based documents. In: Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops. pp. 572-573 (2020) Qasim, S.R., Mahmood, H., Shafait, F.: Rethinking table recognition using graph neural networks. In: 2019 International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition (ICDAR). pp. 142-147. IEEE (2019) Ren, S., He, K., Girshick, R., Sun, J.: Faster r-cnn: Towards real-time object detection with region proposal networks. In: Advances in neural information processing systems. pp. 91-99 (2015) Scarselli, F., Gori, M., Tsoi, A.C., Hagenbuchner, M., Monfardini, G.: The graph neural network model. 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IEEE (Sep 2019). https: //doi.org/10.1109/ICDAR.2019.00166" + "text": "Zhong, X., Tang, J., Yepes, A.J.: Publaynet: largest dataset ever for doc- ument layout analysis. In: 2019 International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition (ICDAR). pp. 1015-1022. IEEE (Sep 2019). https: //doi.org/10.1109/ICDAR.2019.00166" } ] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/test_unstructured_ingest/expected-structured-output/notion/898538f2-26e1-4de7-81e6-354045d4d007.json b/test_unstructured_ingest/expected-structured-output/notion/898538f2-26e1-4de7-81e6-354045d4d007.json new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..cffc024be5 --- /dev/null +++ b/test_unstructured_ingest/expected-structured-output/notion/898538f2-26e1-4de7-81e6-354045d4d007.json @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +[ + { + "type": "Title", + "element_id": "94efbf7307081f8f45b11a183ad99254", + "metadata": { + "data_source": { + "date_created": "2023-08-04T18:31:00.000Z", + "date_modified": "2023-08-04T18:31:00.000Z" + }, + "filetype": "text/html", + "page_number": 1 + }, + "text": "Mission, Vision, Values" + }, + { + "type": "NarrativeText", + "element_id": "f116dc480f737022b3eef55d2095d808", + "metadata": { + "data_source": { + "date_created": "2023-08-04T18:31:00.000Z", + "date_modified": "2023-08-04T18:31:00.000Z" + }, + "filetype": "text/html", + "page_number": 1 + }, + "text": "💡\n \n Notion Tip: A company mission provides direction and purpose, aligning actions and decisions towards a common goal. It also helps attract like-minded individuals who share the same values and vision for the company." + } +] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/test_unstructured_ingest/expected-structured-output/s3/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf.json b/test_unstructured_ingest/expected-structured-output/s3/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf.json index a8cc14e267..6fd331f40f 100644 --- a/test_unstructured_ingest/expected-structured-output/s3/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf.json +++ b/test_unstructured_ingest/expected-structured-output/s3/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf.json @@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ "text": "WORLD ECONOMIC OUTLOOK UPDATE Inflation Peaking amid Low Growth" }, { - "type": "UncategorizedText", + "type": "Title", "element_id": "98e636ffa4ea25e037f659685a56f41d", "metadata": { "data_source": { @@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ }, { "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "4f0cdff19ccd9010b64eff87ced8e0b7", + "element_id": "9fe27138e05d3a42d1e5cc57bc1fbc54", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf", @@ -105,11 +105,11 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 2 }, - "text": "© Global growth is projected to fall from an estimated 3.4 percent in 2022 to 2.9 percent in 2023, then rise to 3.1 percent in 2024. The forecast for 2023 is 0.2 percentage point higher than predicted in the October 2022 World Economic Outlook (WEO) but below the historical (2000-19) average of 3.8 percent. The rise in central bank rates to fight inflation and Russia’s war in Ukraine continue to weigh on economic activity. The rapid spread of COVID-19 in China dampened growth in 2022, but the recent reopening has paved the way Jor a faster-than-expected recovery. Global inflation is expected to fall from 8.8 percent in 2022 to 6.6 percent in 2023 and 4.3 percent in 2024, still above pre-pandemic (2017-19) levels of about 3.5 percent. © = The balance of risks remains tilted to the downside, but adverse risks have moderated since the October 2022 WEO. On the upside, a stronger boost from pent-up demand in numerous economies or a faster fall in inflation are plausible. On the downside, severe health outcomes in China could hold back the recovery, Russia’s war in Ukraine could escalate, and tighter global financing conditions could worsen debt distress. Financial markets could also suddenly reprice in response to adverse inflation news, while further geopolitical fragmentation could hamper economic progress. © In most economies, amid the cost-of-living crisis, the priority remains achieving sustained disinflation. With tighter monetary conditions and lower growth potentially affecting financial and debt stability, it is necessary to deploy macroprudential tools and strengthen debt restructuring frameworks. Accelerating COVID-19 vaccinations in China would safeguard the recovery, with positive cross-border spillovers. Fiscal support should be better targeted at those most affected by elevated food and energy prices, and broad-based fiscal relief measures should be withdrawn. Stronger multilateral cooperation is essential to preserve the gains from the rules-based multilateral system and to mitigate climate change by limiting emissions and raising green investment." + "text": " Global growth is projected to fall from an estimated 3.4 percent in 2022 to 2.9 percent in 2023, then rise to 3.1 percent in 2024. The forecast for 2023 is 0.2 percentage point higher than predicted in the October 2022 World Economic Outlook (WEO) but below the historical (2000–19) average of 3.8 percent. The rise in central bank rates to fight inflation and Russia’s war in Ukraine continue to weigh on economic activity. The rapid spread of COVID-19 in China dampened growth in 2022, but the recent reopening has paved the way for a faster-than-expected recovery. Global inflation is expected to fall from 8.8 percent in 2022 to 6.6 percent in 2023 and 4.3 percent in 2024, still above pre-pandemic (2017–19) levels of about 3.5 percent." }, { - "type": "Title", - "element_id": "0953470500eb215048fd49263b8829a4", + "type": "ListItem", + "element_id": "56b3c7e61958b8308bb1ab927b6cdc2c", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf", @@ -123,11 +123,11 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 2 }, - "text": "Forces Shaping the Outlook" + "text": "© = The balance of risks remains tilted to the downside, but adverse risks have moderated since the October 2022 WEO. On the upside, a stronger boost from pent-up demand in numerous economies or a faster fall in inflation are plausible. On the downside, severe health outcomes in China could hold back the recovery, Russia’s war in Ukraine could escalate, and tighter global financing conditions could worsen debt distress. Financial markets could also suddenly reprice in response to adverse inflation news, while further geopolitical fragmentation could hamper economic progress." }, { - "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "bb50ad035681bfb501e33a52abe173ad", + "type": "ListItem", + "element_id": "cdf520693b6ec6dc4877bc4aedea746c", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf", @@ -141,11 +141,29 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 2 }, - "text": "The global fight against inflation, Russia’s war in Ukraine, and a resurgence of COVID-19 in China weighed on global economic activity in 2022, and the first two factors will continue to do so in 2023." + "text": "tighter monetary conditions and lower growth potentially affecting financial and debt stability, it is necessary to deploy macroprudential tools and strengthen debt restructuring frameworks. Accelerating COVID-19 vaccinations in China would safeguard the recovery, with positive cross-border spillovers. Fiscal support should be better targeted at those most affected by elevated food and energy prices, and broad-based fiscal relief measures should be withdrawn. Stronger multilateral cooperation is essential to preserve the gains from the rules-based multilateral system and to mitigate climate change by limiting emissions and raising green investment." + }, + { + "type": "Title", + "element_id": "0953470500eb215048fd49263b8829a4", + "metadata": { + "data_source": { + "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf", + "version": 265756457651539296174748931590365722430, + "record_locator": { + "protocol": "s3", + "remote_file_path": "utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf" + }, + "date_modified": "2023-02-14T07:31:28" + }, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 2 + }, + "text": "Forces Shaping the Outlook" }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "041668dbcf5b0c4114acae7ef393f5cd", + "element_id": "bb50ad035681bfb501e33a52abe173ad", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf", @@ -159,11 +177,11 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 2 }, - "text": "Despite these headwinds, real GDP was surprisingly strong in the third quarter of 2022 in numerous economies, including the United States, the euro area, and major emerging market and developing economies. The sources of these surprises were in many cases domestic: stronger-than-expected private consumption and investment amid tight labor markets and greater-than-anticipated fiscal support. Households spent more to satisfy pent-up demand, particularly on services, partly by drawing down their stock of savings as economies reopened. Business investment rose to meet demand. On the supply side, easing bottlenecks and declining transportation costs reduced pressures on input prices and allowed for a rebound in previously constrained sectors, such as motor vehicles. Energy markets have adjusted faster than expected to the shock from Russia’s invasion of Ukraine." + "text": "The global fight against inflation, Russia’s war in Ukraine, and a resurgence of COVID-19 in China weighed on global economic activity in 2022, and the first two factors will continue to do so in 2023." }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "42213af1ed4e31e1ce00eba6ce07ee5e", + "element_id": "041668dbcf5b0c4114acae7ef393f5cd", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf", @@ -177,11 +195,11 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 2 }, - "text": "In the fourth quarter of 2022, however, this uptick is estimated to have faded in most—though not all––major economies. US growth remains stronger than expected, with consumers continuing to spend from their stock of savings (the personal saving rate is at its lowest in more than 60 years, except for July 2005), unemployment near historic lows, and plentiful job opportunities. But elsewhere, high-frequency activity indicators (such as business and consumer sentiment, purchasing manager surveys, and mobility indicators) generally point to a slowdown." + "text": "Despite these headwinds, real GDP was surprisingly strong in the third quarter of 2022 in numerous economies, including the United States, the euro area, and major emerging market and developing economies. The sources of these surprises were in many cases domestic: stronger-than-expected private consumption and investment amid tight labor markets and greater-than-anticipated fiscal support. Households spent more to satisfy pent-up demand, particularly on services, partly by drawing down their stock of savings as economies reopened. Business investment rose to meet demand. On the supply side, easing bottlenecks and declining transportation costs reduced pressures on input prices and allowed for a rebound in previously constrained sectors, such as motor vehicles. Energy markets have adjusted faster than expected to the shock from Russia’s invasion of Ukraine." }, { - "type": "Title", - "element_id": "b3080428cb4e8896623bf36c001e868a", + "type": "NarrativeText", + "element_id": "42213af1ed4e31e1ce00eba6ce07ee5e", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf", @@ -195,11 +213,11 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 2 }, - "text": "International Monetary Fund | January 2023" + "text": "In the fourth quarter of 2022, however, this uptick is estimated to have faded in most—though not all––major economies. US growth remains stronger than expected, with consumers continuing to spend from their stock of savings (the personal saving rate is at its lowest in more than 60 years, except for July 2005), unemployment near historic lows, and plentiful job opportunities. But elsewhere, high-frequency activity indicators (such as business and consumer sentiment, purchasing manager surveys, and mobility indicators) generally point to a slowdown." }, { - "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "6b86b273ff34fce19d6b804eff5a3f57", + "type": "ListItem", + "element_id": "c99869e52743869e29fd645e9e0df6fb", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf", @@ -213,7 +231,7 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 2 }, - "text": "1" + "text": "International Monetary Fund | January 2023 1" }, { "type": "Title", @@ -289,7 +307,7 @@ }, { "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "28a5aa3897d66de6c31caba99a4c337e", + "element_id": "c2c7be4534a60790d1d18451c91dc138", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf", @@ -303,11 +321,11 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 3 }, - "text": "–2" + "text": "16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0" }, { "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "c2c7be4534a60790d1d18451c91dc138", + "element_id": "28a5aa3897d66de6c31caba99a4c337e", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf", @@ -321,11 +339,11 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 3 }, - "text": "16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0" + "text": "–2" }, { - "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "c7c72889cb49cf43d9bd1f892db1be2c", + "type": "Title", + "element_id": "323d79e74460eda1fb0f8d55a2e0ff42", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf", @@ -339,11 +357,11 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 3 }, - "text": "Jan. 2019" + "text": "Median country Brazil" }, { - "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "c7c72889cb49cf43d9bd1f892db1be2c", + "type": "Title", + "element_id": "49dca65f362fee401292ed7ada96f962", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf", @@ -357,11 +375,11 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 3 }, - "text": "Jan. 2019" + "text": "United States" }, { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "63e35649dd179389ecc7251e1503489a", + "type": "Title", + "element_id": "007b2203e9e86a49c3108e9ffd16fbbc", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf", @@ -375,11 +393,11 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 3 }, - "text": "1. Headline Inflation" + "text": "Euro area" }, { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "b790ab5fcad28bbedb50b568b3adeca2", + "type": "Title", + "element_id": "cc874418b59b7ecb37a2c938783fb5ce", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf", @@ -393,11 +411,11 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 3 }, - "text": "2. Core Inflation" + "text": "Nov. 22" }, { "type": "Title", - "element_id": "323d79e74460eda1fb0f8d55a2e0ff42", + "element_id": "cc874418b59b7ecb37a2c938783fb5ce", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf", @@ -411,11 +429,11 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 3 }, - "text": "Median country Brazil" + "text": "Nov. 22" }, { - "type": "Title", - "element_id": "646612b0a62b59fd13be769b4590a9ac", + "type": "NarrativeText", + "element_id": "6814df88a59d11e9fcf76a7ed0f5fdfc", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf", @@ -429,11 +447,11 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 3 }, - "text": "Jul. 19" + "text": "Winter comes to Europe. European economic growth in 2022 was more resilient than expected in the face of the large negative terms-of-trade shock from the war in Ukraine. This resilience––which is" }, { - "type": "Title", - "element_id": "646612b0a62b59fd13be769b4590a9ac", + "type": "ListItem", + "element_id": "3a162049bc9ee88b56d4d4bf5897368f", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf", @@ -447,11 +465,11 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 3 }, - "text": "Jul. 19" + "text": "2 International Monetary Fund | January 2023" }, { "type": "Title", - "element_id": "7a4f82ed474f82c26a8b867becaf89ba", + "element_id": "95af4f3feb2d03b2310ce31abc0c435d", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf", @@ -463,13 +481,13 @@ "date_modified": "2023-02-14T07:31:28" }, "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 3 + "page_number": 4 }, - "text": "Jan. 20" + "text": "WORLD ECONOMIC OUTLOOK UPDATE, JANUARY 2023" }, { - "type": "Title", - "element_id": "7a4f82ed474f82c26a8b867becaf89ba", + "type": "NarrativeText", + "element_id": "83ce77349b07c275543d551c2c016370", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf", @@ -481,13 +499,13 @@ "date_modified": "2023-02-14T07:31:28" }, "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 3 + "page_number": 4 }, - "text": "Jan. 20" + "text": "visible in consumption and investment data for the third quarter––partly reflects government support of about 1.2 percent of European Union GDP (net budgetary cost) to households and firms hit by the energy crisis, as well as dynamism from economies reopening. Gas prices have declined by more than expected amid higher non-Russian pipeline and liquefied natural gas flows, compression of demand for gas, and a warmer-than-usual winter. However, the boost from reopening appears to be fading. High-frequency indicators for the fourth quarter suggest that the manufacturing and services sectors are contracting. Consumer confidence and business sentiment have worsened. With inflation at about 10 percent or above in several euro area countries and the United Kingdom, household budgets remain stretched. The accelerated pace of rate increases by the Bank of England and the European Central Bank is tightening financial conditions and cooling demand in the housing sector and beyond." }, { "type": "Title", - "element_id": "6d2f5e3c057e12c92023d5501c3fd075", + "element_id": "26a20452d058d66ad402559f659cec7c", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf", @@ -499,13 +517,13 @@ "date_modified": "2023-02-14T07:31:28" }, "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 3 + "page_number": 4 }, - "text": "Jul. 20" + "text": "The Forecast" }, { "type": "Title", - "element_id": "6d2f5e3c057e12c92023d5501c3fd075", + "element_id": "5779b9b7d25794d3b4ed1fe4e61f6617", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf", @@ -517,13 +535,13 @@ "date_modified": "2023-02-14T07:31:28" }, "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 3 + "page_number": 4 }, - "text": "Jul. 20" + "text": "Growth Bottoming Out" }, { - "type": "Title", - "element_id": "49dca65f362fee401292ed7ada96f962", + "type": "NarrativeText", + "element_id": "22011dc596eec73711d7dac8d99b41b6", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf", @@ -535,13 +553,13 @@ "date_modified": "2023-02-14T07:31:28" }, "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 3 + "page_number": 4 }, - "text": "United States" + "text": "Global growth, estimated at 3.4 percent in 2022, is projected to fall to 2.9 percent in 2023 before rising to 3.1 percent in 2024 (Table 1). Compared with the October forecast, the estimate for 2022 and the forecast for 2023 are both higher by about 0.2 percentage point, reflecting positive surprises and greater-than-expected resilience in numerous economies. Negative growth in global GDP or global GDP per capita—which often happens when there is a global recession—is not expected. Nevertheless, global growth projected for 2023 and 2024 is below the historical (2000–19) annual average of 3.8 percent." }, { - "type": "Title", - "element_id": "f4a93992a1b09b3fa6200542fd6fde5a", + "type": "NarrativeText", + "element_id": "97e04ee873fea0151df00f7b1fb4ca42", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf", @@ -553,13 +571,13 @@ "date_modified": "2023-02-14T07:31:28" }, "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 3 + "page_number": 4 }, - "text": "Jan. 21" + "text": "The forecast of low growth in 2023 reflects the rise in central bank rates to fight inflation–– especially in advanced economies––as well as the war in Ukraine. The decline in growth in 2023 from 2022 is driven by advanced economies; in emerging market and developing economies, growth is estimated to have bottomed out in 2022. Growth is expected to pick up in China with the full reopening in 2023. The expected pickup in 2024 in both groups of economies reflects gradual recovery from the effects of the war in Ukraine and subsiding inflation. Following the path of global demand, world trade growth is expected to decline in 2023 to 2.4 percent, despite an easing of supply bottlenecks, before rising to 3.4 percent in 2024." }, { - "type": "Title", - "element_id": "f4a93992a1b09b3fa6200542fd6fde5a", + "type": "NarrativeText", + "element_id": "e08dfaba8a8dc7496a44cb172319d4ba", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf", @@ -571,13 +589,13 @@ "date_modified": "2023-02-14T07:31:28" }, "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 3 + "page_number": 4 }, - "text": "Jan. 21" + "text": "These forecasts are based on a number of assumptions, including on fuel and nonfuel commodity prices, which have generally been revised down since October, and on interest rates, which have been revised up. In 2023, oil prices are projected to fall by about 16 percent, while nonfuel commodity prices are expected to fall by, on average, 6.3 percent. Global interest rate assumptions are revised up, reflecting intensified actual and signaled policy tightening by major central banks since October." }, { - "type": "Title", - "element_id": "81db94f58819ee2fd6c05ddef2082ccc", + "type": "NarrativeText", + "element_id": "73a39336fb540e7d57ec85dfa8e92799", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf", @@ -589,13 +607,13 @@ "date_modified": "2023-02-14T07:31:28" }, "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 3 + "page_number": 4 }, - "text": "Jul. 21" + "text": "For advanced economies, growth is projected to decline sharply from 2.7 percent in 2022 to 1.2 percent in 2023 before rising to 1.4 percent in 2024, with a downward revision of 0.2 percentage point for 2024. About 90 percent of advanced economies are projected to see a decline in growth in 2023." }, { - "type": "Title", - "element_id": "81db94f58819ee2fd6c05ddef2082ccc", + "type": "ListItem", + "element_id": "e3b0c44298fc1c149afbf4c8996fb924", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf", @@ -607,13 +625,13 @@ "date_modified": "2023-02-14T07:31:28" }, "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 3 + "page_number": 4 }, - "text": "Jul. 21" + "text": "" }, { - "type": "Title", - "element_id": "babfe67b3ecc6b32db9adb9da08274bf", + "type": "ListItem", + "element_id": "e84075ae46df9d9ad37d947011c05a7f", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf", @@ -625,13 +643,13 @@ "date_modified": "2023-02-14T07:31:28" }, "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 3 + "page_number": 4 }, - "text": "Jan. 22" + "text": "In the United States, growth is projected to fall from 2.0 percent in 2022 to 1.4 percent in 2023 and 1.0 percent in 2024. With growth rebounding in the second half of 2024, growth in 2024 will be faster than in 2023 on a fourth-quarter-over-fourth-quarter basis, as in most advanced" }, { - "type": "Title", - "element_id": "007b2203e9e86a49c3108e9ffd16fbbc", + "type": "ListItem", + "element_id": "ab9d11a9dd37cfd5e1876f40777a4480", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf", @@ -643,13 +661,13 @@ "date_modified": "2023-02-14T07:31:28" }, "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 3 + "page_number": 4 }, - "text": "Euro area" + "text": "International Monetary Fund | January 2023 3" }, { "type": "Title", - "element_id": "babfe67b3ecc6b32db9adb9da08274bf", + "element_id": "95af4f3feb2d03b2310ce31abc0c435d", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf", @@ -661,13 +679,13 @@ "date_modified": "2023-02-14T07:31:28" }, "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 3 + "page_number": 5 }, - "text": "Jan. 22" + "text": "WORLD ECONOMIC OUTLOOK UPDATE, JANUARY 2023" }, { - "type": "Title", - "element_id": "82debf5a182b9b394ad3a9d584a870ef", + "type": "NarrativeText", + "element_id": "67f04acf5353c625d003fd003acb56f3", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf", @@ -679,13 +697,13 @@ "date_modified": "2023-02-14T07:31:28" }, "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 3 + "page_number": 5 }, - "text": "Jul. 22" + "text": "economies. There is a 0.4 percentage point upward revision for annual growth in 2023, reflecting carryover effects from domestic demand resilience in 2022, but a 0.2 percentage point downward revision of growth in 2024 due to the steeper path of Federal Reserve rate hikes, to a peak of about 5.1 percent in 2023." }, { - "type": "Title", - "element_id": "82debf5a182b9b394ad3a9d584a870ef", + "type": "ListItem", + "element_id": "075ec12daaf7e03f8ce608829f7ecdda", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf", @@ -697,13 +715,13 @@ "date_modified": "2023-02-14T07:31:28" }, "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 3 + "page_number": 5 }, - "text": "Jul. 22" + "text": "Growth in the ero area is projected to bottom out at 0.7 percent in 2023 before rising to 1.6 percent in 2024. The 0.2 percentage point upward revision to the forecast for 2023 reflects the effects of faster rate hikes by the European Central Bank and eroding real incomes, offset by the carryover from the 2022 outturn, lower wholesale energy prices, and additional announcements of fiscal purchasing power support in the form of energy price controls and cash transfers." }, { - "type": "Title", - "element_id": "cc874418b59b7ecb37a2c938783fb5ce", + "type": "ListItem", + "element_id": "531e21ce379680ba6ae82ebe340e897d", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf", @@ -715,13 +733,13 @@ "date_modified": "2023-02-14T07:31:28" }, "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 3 + "page_number": 5 }, - "text": "Nov. 22" + "text": "Growth in the United Kingdom is projected to be —0.6 percent in 2023, a 0.9 percentage point downward revision from October, reflecting tighter fiscal and monetary policies and financial conditions and still-high energy retail prices weighing on household budgets." }, { - "type": "Title", - "element_id": "cc874418b59b7ecb37a2c938783fb5ce", + "type": "ListItem", + "element_id": "968cc16a6f05e1f4c40da05632df9609", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf", @@ -733,13 +751,13 @@ "date_modified": "2023-02-14T07:31:28" }, "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 3 + "page_number": 5 }, - "text": "Nov. 22" + "text": "Growth in Japan is projected to rise to 1.8 percent in 2023, with continued monetary and fiscal policy support. High corporate profits from a depreciated yen and earlier delays in implementing previous projects will support business investment. In 2024, growth is expected to decline to 0.9 percent as the effects of past stimulus dissipate." }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "6814df88a59d11e9fcf76a7ed0f5fdfc", + "element_id": "497b28af5c258708a114b8a6766662ce", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf", @@ -751,13 +769,13 @@ "date_modified": "2023-02-14T07:31:28" }, "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 3 + "page_number": 5 }, - "text": "Winter comes to Europe. European economic growth in 2022 was more resilient than expected in the face of the large negative terms-of-trade shock from the war in Ukraine. This resilience––which is" + "text": "For emerging market and developing economies, growth is projected to rise modestly, from 3.9 percent in 2022 to 4.0 percent in 2023 and 4.2 percent in 2024, with an upward revision of 0.3 percentage point for 2023 and a downward revision of 0.1 percentage point for 2024. About half of emerging market and developing economies have lower growth in 2023 than in 2022." }, { - "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "d4735e3a265e16eee03f59718b9b5d03", + "type": "ListItem", + "element_id": "74af5288c060a6b7bc028cc0efcf59ea", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf", @@ -769,13 +787,13 @@ "date_modified": "2023-02-14T07:31:28" }, "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 3 + "page_number": 5 }, - "text": "2" + "text": "percent, respectively, after the deeper-than-expected slowdown in 2022 to 4.3 percent attributable to China’s economy. China’s real GDP slowdown in the fourth quarter of 2022 implies a 0.2 percentage point downgrade for 2022 growth to 3.0 percent—the first time in more than 40 years with China’s growth below the global average. Growth in China is projected to rise to 5.2 percent in 2023, reflecting rapidly improving mobility, and to fall to 4.5 percent in 2024 before settling at below 4 percent over the medium term amid declining business dynamism and slow progress on structural reforms. Growth in India is set to decline from 6.8 percent in 2022 to 6.1 percent in 2023 before picking up to 6.8 percent in 2024, with resilient domestic demand despite external headwinds. Growth in the ASEAN-5 countries (Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand) is similarly projected to slow to 4.3 percent in 2023 and then pick up to 4.7 percent in 2024." }, { - "type": "Title", - "element_id": "b3080428cb4e8896623bf36c001e868a", + "type": "ListItem", + "element_id": "e3b0c44298fc1c149afbf4c8996fb924", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf", @@ -787,13 +805,13 @@ "date_modified": "2023-02-14T07:31:28" }, "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 3 + "page_number": 5 }, - "text": "International Monetary Fund | January 2023" + "text": "" }, { - "type": "Title", - "element_id": "95af4f3feb2d03b2310ce31abc0c435d", + "type": "ListItem", + "element_id": "afde979c99a73646915fe253c85c5a9c", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf", @@ -805,13 +823,13 @@ "date_modified": "2023-02-14T07:31:28" }, "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 4 + "page_number": 5 }, - "text": "WORLD ECONOMIC OUTLOOK UPDATE, JANUARY 2023" + "text": "Growth in emerging and developing Europe is projected to have bottomed out in 2022 at 0.7 percent and, since the October forecast, has been revised up for 2023 by 0.9 percentage point to 1.5 percent. This reflects a smaller economic contraction in Russia in 2022 (estimated at –2.2 percent compared with a predicted –3.4 percent) followed by modestly positive growth in 2023. At the current oil price cap level of the Group of Seven, Russian crude oil export volumes are not expected to be significantly affected, with Russian trade continuing to be redirected from sanctioning to non-sanctioning countries. In Latin America and the Caribbean, growth is projected to decline from 3.9 percent in 2022 to 1.8 percent in 2023, with an upward revision for 2023 of 0.1 percentage point since October. The forecast revision reflects upgrades of 0.2 percentage point for Brazil and 0.5 percentage point for Mexico due to unexpected domestic demand resilience, higher-than-expected growth in" }, { - "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "83ce77349b07c275543d551c2c016370", + "type": "ListItem", + "element_id": "25072141a0ed1c9474256def9a721513", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf", @@ -823,13 +841,13 @@ "date_modified": "2023-02-14T07:31:28" }, "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 4 + "page_number": 5 }, - "text": "visible in consumption and investment data for the third quarter––partly reflects government support of about 1.2 percent of European Union GDP (net budgetary cost) to households and firms hit by the energy crisis, as well as dynamism from economies reopening. Gas prices have declined by more than expected amid higher non-Russian pipeline and liquefied natural gas flows, compression of demand for gas, and a warmer-than-usual winter. However, the boost from reopening appears to be fading. High-frequency indicators for the fourth quarter suggest that the manufacturing and services sectors are contracting. Consumer confidence and business sentiment have worsened. With inflation at about 10 percent or above in several euro area countries and the United Kingdom, household budgets remain stretched. The accelerated pace of rate increases by the Bank of England and the European Central Bank is tightening financial conditions and cooling demand in the housing sector and beyond." + "text": "4 International Monetary Fund | January 2023" }, { "type": "Title", - "element_id": "26a20452d058d66ad402559f659cec7c", + "element_id": "95af4f3feb2d03b2310ce31abc0c435d", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf", @@ -841,13 +859,13 @@ "date_modified": "2023-02-14T07:31:28" }, "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 4 + "page_number": 6 }, - "text": "The Forecast" + "text": "WORLD ECONOMIC OUTLOOK UPDATE, JANUARY 2023" }, { - "type": "Title", - "element_id": "5779b9b7d25794d3b4ed1fe4e61f6617", + "type": "NarrativeText", + "element_id": "c9b8a2f221ce7ec3213fcf4d9ce8879c", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf", @@ -859,13 +877,13 @@ "date_modified": "2023-02-14T07:31:28" }, "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 4 + "page_number": 6 }, - "text": "Growth Bottoming Out" + "text": "major trading partner economies, and in Brazil, greater-than-expected fiscal support. Growth in the region is projected to rise to 2.1 percent in 2024, although with a downward revision of 0.3 percentage point, reflecting tighter financial conditions, lower prices of exported commodities, and downward revisions to trading partner growth." }, { - "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "22011dc596eec73711d7dac8d99b41b6", + "type": "ListItem", + "element_id": "25e2f1dc031b5421b8a234945098e58b", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf", @@ -877,13 +895,13 @@ "date_modified": "2023-02-14T07:31:28" }, "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 4 + "page_number": 6 }, - "text": "Global growth, estimated at 3.4 percent in 2022, is projected to fall to 2.9 percent in 2023 before rising to 3.1 percent in 2024 (Table 1). Compared with the October forecast, the estimate for 2022 and the forecast for 2023 are both higher by about 0.2 percentage point, reflecting positive surprises and greater-than-expected resilience in numerous economies. Negative growth in global GDP or global GDP per capita—which often happens when there is a global recession—is not expected. Nevertheless, global growth projected for 2023 and 2024 is below the historical (2000–19) annual average of 3.8 percent." + "text": "Growth in the Middle East and Central Asia is projected to decline from 5.3 percent in 2022 to 3.2 percent in 2023, with a downward revision of 0.4 percentage point since October, mainly attributable to a steeper-than-expected growth slowdown in Saudi Arabia, from 8.7 percent in 2022 (which was stronger than expected by 1.1 percentage points) to 2.6 percent in 2023, with a negative revision of 1.1 percentage points. The downgrade for 2023 reflects mainly lower oil production in line with an agreement through OPEC+ (Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries, including Russia and other non-OPEC oil exporters), while non-oil growth is expected to remain robust. In sub-Saharan Africa, growth is projected to remain moderate at 3.8 percent in 2023 amid prolonged fallout from the COVID-19 pandemic, although with a modest upward revision since October, before picking up to 4.1 percent in 2024. The small upward revision for 2023 (0.1 percentage point) reflects Nigeria’s rising growth in 2023 due to measures to address insecurity issues in the oil sector. In South Africa, by contrast, after a COVID-19 reopening rebound in 2022, projected growth more than halves in 2023, to 1.2 percent, reflecting weaker external demand, power shortages, and structural constraints." }, { - "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "97e04ee873fea0151df00f7b1fb4ca42", + "type": "Title", + "element_id": "3dfc45d3333ae253d78008c8cde2d752", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf", @@ -895,13 +913,13 @@ "date_modified": "2023-02-14T07:31:28" }, "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 4 + "page_number": 6 }, - "text": "The forecast of low growth in 2023 reflects the rise in central bank rates to fight inflation–– especially in advanced economies––as well as the war in Ukraine. The decline in growth in 2023 from 2022 is driven by advanced economies; in emerging market and developing economies, growth is estimated to have bottomed out in 2022. Growth is expected to pick up in China with the full reopening in 2023. The expected pickup in 2024 in both groups of economies reflects gradual recovery from the effects of the war in Ukraine and subsiding inflation. Following the path of global demand, world trade growth is expected to decline in 2023 to 2.4 percent, despite an easing of supply bottlenecks, before rising to 3.4 percent in 2024." + "text": "Inflation Peaking" }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "e08dfaba8a8dc7496a44cb172319d4ba", + "element_id": "d24af8f44bd419665bb4ab6efef34fed", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf", @@ -913,13 +931,13 @@ "date_modified": "2023-02-14T07:31:28" }, "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 4 + "page_number": 6 }, - "text": "These forecasts are based on a number of assumptions, including on fuel and nonfuel commodity prices, which have generally been revised down since October, and on interest rates, which have been revised up. In 2023, oil prices are projected to fall by about 16 percent, while nonfuel commodity prices are expected to fall by, on average, 6.3 percent. Global interest rate assumptions are revised up, reflecting intensified actual and signaled policy tightening by major central banks since October." + "text": "About 84 percent of countries are expected to have lower headline (consumer price index) inflation in 2023 than in 2022. Global inflation is set to fall from 8.8 percent in 2022 (annual average) to 6.6 percent in 2023 and 4.3 percent in 2024––above pre-pandemic (2017–19) levels of about 3.5 percent. The projected disinflation partly reflects declining international fuel and nonfuel commodity prices due to weaker global demand. It also reflects the cooling effects of monetary policy tightening on underlying (core) inflation, which globally is expected to decline from 6.9 percent in the fourth quarter of 2022 (year over year) to 4.5 percent by the fourth quarter of 2023. Still, disinflation will take time: by 2024, projected annual average headline and core inflation will, respectively, still be above pre-pandemic levels in 82 percent and 86 percent of economies." }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "73a39336fb540e7d57ec85dfa8e92799", + "element_id": "72d289ea524eebcd8f195a8afda1c223", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf", @@ -931,13 +949,13 @@ "date_modified": "2023-02-14T07:31:28" }, "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 4 + "page_number": 6 }, - "text": "For advanced economies, growth is projected to decline sharply from 2.7 percent in 2022 to 1.2 percent in 2023 before rising to 1.4 percent in 2024, with a downward revision of 0.2 percentage point for 2024. About 90 percent of advanced economies are projected to see a decline in growth in 2023." + "text": "In advanced economies, annual average inflation is projected to decline from 7.3 percent in 2022 to 4.6 percent in 2023 and 2.6 percent in 2024––above target in several cases. In emerging market and developing economies, projected annual inflation declines from 9.9 percent in 2022 to 8.1 percent in 2023 and 5.5 percent in 2024, above the 4.9 percent pre-pandemic (2017–19) average. In low-income developing countries, inflation is projected to moderate from 14.2 percent in 2022 to 8.6 percent in 2024––still high, but close to the pre-pandemic average." }, { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "e3b0c44298fc1c149afbf4c8996fb924", + "type": "Title", + "element_id": "11ebd9f4c9a7cdbac41f8f7399d3950e", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf", @@ -949,13 +967,13 @@ "date_modified": "2023-02-14T07:31:28" }, "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 4 + "page_number": 6 }, - "text": "" + "text": "Risks to the Outlook" }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "e84075ae46df9d9ad37d947011c05a7f", + "element_id": "818b1bd0fa9714f9ce4623897ba422a8", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf", @@ -967,13 +985,13 @@ "date_modified": "2023-02-14T07:31:28" }, "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 4 + "page_number": 6 }, - "text": "In the United States, growth is projected to fall from 2.0 percent in 2022 to 1.4 percent in 2023 and 1.0 percent in 2024. With growth rebounding in the second half of 2024, growth in 2024 will be faster than in 2023 on a fourth-quarter-over-fourth-quarter basis, as in most advanced" + "text": "The balance of risks to the global outlook remains tilted to the downside, with scope for lower growth and higher inflation, but adverse risks have moderated since the October 2022 World Economic Outlook." }, { - "type": "Title", - "element_id": "b3080428cb4e8896623bf36c001e868a", + "type": "ListItem", + "element_id": "30c61ae1849c6b38dd09c21d3d4f5951", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf", @@ -985,13 +1003,13 @@ "date_modified": "2023-02-14T07:31:28" }, "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 4 + "page_number": 6 }, - "text": "International Monetary Fund | January 2023" + "text": "International Monetary Fund | January 2023. 5" }, { - "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "4e07408562bedb8b60ce05c1decfe3ad", + "type": "Title", + "element_id": "95af4f3feb2d03b2310ce31abc0c435d", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf", @@ -1003,13 +1021,13 @@ "date_modified": "2023-02-14T07:31:28" }, "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 4 + "page_number": 7 }, - "text": "3" + "text": "WORLD ECONOMIC OUTLOOK UPDATE, JANUARY 2023" }, { "type": "Title", - "element_id": "95af4f3feb2d03b2310ce31abc0c435d", + "element_id": "1ad611b76683e54171ae0b1fddd827ca", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf", @@ -1021,13 +1039,13 @@ "date_modified": "2023-02-14T07:31:28" }, "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 5 + "page_number": 7 }, - "text": "WORLD ECONOMIC OUTLOOK UPDATE, JANUARY 2023" + "text": "Table 1. Overview of the World Economic Outlook Projections (Percent change, unless noted otherwise)" }, { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "becf96ae2fa1045c14996c3de7a05bb8", + "type": "Title", + "element_id": "d11a1c04bd3a9891350b4bd94104df58", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf", @@ -1039,13 +1057,13 @@ "date_modified": "2023-02-14T07:31:28" }, "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 5 + "page_number": 7 }, - "text": "economies. There is a 0.4 percentage point upward revision for annual growth in 2023, reflecting carryover effects from domestic demand resilience in 2022, but a 0.2 percentage point downward revision of growth in 2024 due to the steeper path of Federal Reserve rate hikes, to a peak of about 5.1 percent in 2023. Growth in the ero area is projected to bottom out at 0.7 percent in 2023 before rising to 1.6 percent in 2024. The 0.2 percentage point upward revision to the forecast for 2023 reflects the effects of faster rate hikes by the European Central Bank and eroding real incomes, offset by the carryover from the 2022 outturn, lower wholesale energy prices, and additional announcements of fiscal purchasing power support in the form of energy price controls and cash transfers. Growth in the United Kingdom is projected to be —0.6 percent in 2023, a 0.9 percentage point downward revision from October, reflecting tighter fiscal and monetary policies and financial conditions and still-high energy retail prices weighing on household budgets. Growth in Japan is projected to rise to 1.8 percent in 2023, with continued monetary and fiscal policy support. High corporate profits from a depreciated yen and earlier delays in implementing previous projects will support business investment. In 2024, growth is expected to decline to 0.9 percent as the effects of past stimulus dissipate." + "text": "Year over Year" }, { - "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "497b28af5c258708a114b8a6766662ce", + "type": "Title", + "element_id": "aa22eb2e58c7cf45c528550d68e15c51", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf", @@ -1057,13 +1075,13 @@ "date_modified": "2023-02-14T07:31:28" }, "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 5 + "page_number": 7 }, - "text": "For emerging market and developing economies, growth is projected to rise modestly, from 3.9 percent in 2022 to 4.0 percent in 2023 and 4.2 percent in 2024, with an upward revision of 0.3 percentage point for 2023 and a downward revision of 0.1 percentage point for 2024. About half of emerging market and developing economies have lower growth in 2023 than in 2022." + "text": "Difference from October 2022" }, { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "2ba41350ae3c684802f0e2b785c2d11b", + "type": "Title", + "element_id": "8c327a62ae0e925498f5c68b819b32b4", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf", @@ -1075,13 +1093,13 @@ "date_modified": "2023-02-14T07:31:28" }, "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 5 + "page_number": 7 }, - "text": "Growth in emerging and developing Asia is expected to rise in 2023 and 2024 to 5.3 percent and 5.2" + "text": "Q4 over Q4 2/" }, { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "bba948699d4f21aaf5001520bb796e17", + "type": "Title", + "element_id": "fcadc00fe663ee0e7818b0ffc5c46948", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf", @@ -1093,13 +1111,13 @@ "date_modified": "2023-02-14T07:31:28" }, "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 5 + "page_number": 7 }, - "text": "Growth in emerging and developing Asia is expected to rise in 2023 and 2024 to 5.3 percent and 5.2 percent, respectively, after the deeper-than-expected slowdown in 2022 to 4.3 percent attributable to China’s economy. China’s real GDP slowdown in the fourth quarter of 2022 implies a 0.2 percentage point downgrade for 2022 growth to 3.0 percent—the first time in more than 40 years with China’s growth below the global average. Growth in China is projected to tise to 5.2 percent in 2023, reflecting rapidly improving mobility, and to fall to 4.5 percent in 2024 before settling at below 4 percent over the medium term amid declining business dynamism and slow progress on structural reforms. Growth in India is set to decline from 6.8 percent in 2022 to 6.1 percent in 2023 before picking up to 6.8 percent in 2024, with resilient domestic demand despite external headwinds. Growth in the ASEAN-5 countries (Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand) is similarly projected to slow to 4.3 percent in 2023 and then pick up to 4.7 percent in 2024. Growth in emerging and developing Europe is projected to have bottomed out in 2022 at 0.7 percent and, since the October forecast, has been revised up for 2023 by 0.9 percentage point to 1.5 percent. This reflects a smaller economic contraction in Rwssia in 2022 (estimated at —2.2 percent compared with a predicted —3.4 percent) followed by modestly positive growth in 2023. At the current oil price cap level of the Group of Seven, Russian crude oil export volumes are not expected to be significantly affected, with Russian trade continuing to be redirected from sanctioning to non-sanctioning countries. In Latin America and the Caribbean, growth is projected to decline from 3.9 percent in 2022 to 1.8 percent in 2023, with an upward revision for 2023 of 0.1 percentage point since October. The forecast revision reflects upgtades of 0.2 percentage point for Brazi/ and 0.5 percentage point for Mexico due to unexpected domestic demand resilience, higher-than-expected growth in" + "text": "World Output" }, { "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "4b227777d4dd1fc61c6f884f48641d02", + "element_id": "0c76bc4e35219e2a31b09428cd47d009", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf", @@ -1111,13 +1129,13 @@ "date_modified": "2023-02-14T07:31:28" }, "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 5 + "page_number": 7 }, - "text": "4" + "text": "World Trade Volume (goods and services) 6/ Advanced Economies Emerging Market and Developing Economies" }, { - "type": "Title", - "element_id": "b3080428cb4e8896623bf36c001e868a", + "type": "NarrativeText", + "element_id": "3c0578f4d944258ffa4ffac7615f1ff9", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf", @@ -1129,13 +1147,13 @@ "date_modified": "2023-02-14T07:31:28" }, "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 5 + "page_number": 7 }, - "text": "International Monetary Fund | January 2023" + "text": "Commodity Prices Oil 7/ Nonfuel (average based on world commodity import weights)" }, { "type": "Title", - "element_id": "95af4f3feb2d03b2310ce31abc0c435d", + "element_id": "b2800ff802361713acee893ebae272f6", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf", @@ -1147,13 +1165,13 @@ "date_modified": "2023-02-14T07:31:28" }, "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 6 + "page_number": 7 }, - "text": "WORLD ECONOMIC OUTLOOK UPDATE, JANUARY 2023" + "text": "Saudi Arabia Sub-Saharan Africa" }, { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "e0fc62fcfa1add3cf912fbaf3e0c9ba1", + "type": "Title", + "element_id": "6185fd66a4e106814e65c047c15dfb1f", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf", @@ -1165,13 +1183,13 @@ "date_modified": "2023-02-14T07:31:28" }, "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 6 + "page_number": 7 }, - "text": " Growth in the Middle East and Central Asia is projected to decline from 5.3 percent in 2022 to 3.2 percent in 2023, with a downward revision of 0.4 percentage point since October, mainly attributable to a steeper-than-expected growth slowdown in Saudi Arabia, from 8.7 percent in 2022 (which was stronger than expected by 1.1 percentage points) to 2.6 percent in 2023, with a negative revision of 1.1 percentage points. The downgrade for 2023 reflects mainly lower oil production in line with an agreement through OPEC+ (Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries, including Russia and other non-OPEC oil exporters), while non-oil growth is expected to remain robust. In sub-Saharan Africa, growth is projected to remain moderate at 3.8 percent in 2023 amid prolonged fallout from the COVID-19 pandemic, although with a modest upward revision since October, before picking up to 4.1 percent in 2024. The small upward revision for 2023 (0.1 percentage point) reflects Nigeria’s rising growth in 2023 due to measures to address insecurity issues in the oil sector. In South Africa, by contrast, after a COVID-19 reopening rebound in 2022, projected growth more than halves in 2023, to 1.2 percent, reflecting weaker external demand, power shortages, and structural constraints." + "text": "Advanced Economies United States Euro Area" }, { "type": "Title", - "element_id": "3dfc45d3333ae253d78008c8cde2d752", + "element_id": "24af2841400373443d80b6c91180918b", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf", @@ -1183,13 +1201,13 @@ "date_modified": "2023-02-14T07:31:28" }, "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 6 + "page_number": 7 }, - "text": "Inflation Peaking" + "text": "Middle East and Central Asia" }, { - "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "d24af8f44bd419665bb4ab6efef34fed", + "type": "Title", + "element_id": "7559320d044a32fbb21a7a8da25e9045", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf", @@ -1201,13 +1219,13 @@ "date_modified": "2023-02-14T07:31:28" }, "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 6 + "page_number": 7 }, - "text": "About 84 percent of countries are expected to have lower headline (consumer price index) inflation in 2023 than in 2022. Global inflation is set to fall from 8.8 percent in 2022 (annual average) to 6.6 percent in 2023 and 4.3 percent in 2024––above pre-pandemic (2017–19) levels of about 3.5 percent. The projected disinflation partly reflects declining international fuel and nonfuel commodity prices due to weaker global demand. It also reflects the cooling effects of monetary policy tightening on underlying (core) inflation, which globally is expected to decline from 6.9 percent in the fourth quarter of 2022 (year over year) to 4.5 percent by the fourth quarter of 2023. Still, disinflation will take time: by 2024, projected annual average headline and core inflation will, respectively, still be above pre-pandemic levels in 82 percent and 86 percent of economies." + "text": "Japan United Kingdom Canada Other Advanced Economies 3/" }, { - "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "72d289ea524eebcd8f195a8afda1c223", + "type": "Title", + "element_id": "ad1094978303f5aa32665083ee1ed934", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf", @@ -1219,13 +1237,13 @@ "date_modified": "2023-02-14T07:31:28" }, "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 6 + "page_number": 7 }, - "text": "In advanced economies, annual average inflation is projected to decline from 7.3 percent in 2022 to 4.6 percent in 2023 and 2.6 percent in 2024––above target in several cases. In emerging market and developing economies, projected annual inflation declines from 9.9 percent in 2022 to 8.1 percent in 2023 and 5.5 percent in 2024, above the 4.9 percent pre-pandemic (2017–19) average. In low-income developing countries, inflation is projected to moderate from 14.2 percent in 2022 to 8.6 percent in 2024––still high, but close to the pre-pandemic average." + "text": "Latin America and the Caribbean" }, { "type": "Title", - "element_id": "11ebd9f4c9a7cdbac41f8f7399d3950e", + "element_id": "8325885b8155742cebc672e0d7072a7d", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf", @@ -1237,13 +1255,13 @@ "date_modified": "2023-02-14T07:31:28" }, "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 6 + "page_number": 7 }, - "text": "Risks to the Outlook" + "text": "Emerging and Developing Europe" }, { - "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "818b1bd0fa9714f9ce4623897ba422a8", + "type": "Title", + "element_id": "a4ca51cd6c74adf51f6e9ce60165d047", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf", @@ -1255,13 +1273,13 @@ "date_modified": "2023-02-14T07:31:28" }, "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 6 + "page_number": 7 }, - "text": "The balance of risks to the global outlook remains tilted to the downside, with scope for lower growth and higher inflation, but adverse risks have moderated since the October 2022 World Economic Outlook." + "text": "Emerging Market and Developing Economies Emerging and Developing Asia" }, { - "type": "Title", - "element_id": "8ae18586f23aa212e66aeb12a5638609", + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "9e5246f529e197f84af65bbcd8e0d2a4", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf", @@ -1273,13 +1291,13 @@ "date_modified": "2023-02-14T07:31:28" }, "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 6 + "page_number": 7 }, - "text": "International Monetary Fund | January 2023." + "text": "Memorandum World Growth Based on Market Exchange Rates European Union ASEAN-5 5/ Middle East and North Africa Emerging Market and Middle-Income Economies Low-Income Developing Countries" }, { - "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "ef2d127de37b942baad06145e54b0c61", + "type": "Title", + "element_id": "e30a554d7d1cbf308651f8c267ad6872", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf", @@ -1291,13 +1309,13 @@ "date_modified": "2023-02-14T07:31:28" }, "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 6 + "page_number": 7 }, - "text": "5" + "text": "Brazil Mexico" }, { "type": "Title", - "element_id": "95af4f3feb2d03b2310ce31abc0c435d", + "element_id": "33a3d8ed92b0709ba525369922e51387", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf", @@ -1311,11 +1329,11 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 7 }, - "text": "WORLD ECONOMIC OUTLOOK UPDATE, JANUARY 2023" + "text": "Russia" }, { - "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "1ad611b76683e54171ae0b1fddd827ca", + "type": "Title", + "element_id": "d5d29f012a1237803ee7e623a134117a", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf", @@ -1329,11 +1347,11 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 7 }, - "text": "Table 1. Overview of the World Economic Outlook Projections (Percent change, unless noted otherwise)" + "text": "China India 4/" }, { "type": "Title", - "element_id": "d11a1c04bd3a9891350b4bd94104df58", + "element_id": "18231df9f753f2eca887585247231761", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf", @@ -1347,11 +1365,11 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 7 }, - "text": "Year over Year" + "text": "Germany France Italy Spain" }, { "type": "Title", - "element_id": "aa22eb2e58c7cf45c528550d68e15c51", + "element_id": "05704f84f4326b5f53a04d62f7ad62fc", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf", @@ -1365,11 +1383,11 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 7 }, - "text": "Difference from October 2022" + "text": "Nigeria South Africa" }, { - "type": "Title", - "element_id": "8c327a62ae0e925498f5c68b819b32b4", + "type": "Table", + "element_id": "af79981b9ad6dea2ab3fa92cb5954958", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf", @@ -1383,11 +1401,11 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 7 }, - "text": "Q4 over Q4 2/" + "text": "over Estimate___ Projections WEO Projections 1/ Estimate Projections 2021 2022 2023 2024 2023 2024 2022 2023 2024 World Output 6.2 34 29 34 0.2 0.1 1.9 3.2 3.0 Advanced Economies 5.4 27 1.2 14 04 0.2 1.3 14 1.6 United States 5.9 2.0 14 1.0 04 -0.2 07 1.0 13 Euro Area 5.3 3.5 07 16 0.2 -0.2 19 0.5 24 Germany 26 19 01 14 04 0.1 14 0.0 23 France 68 26 07 16 0.0 0.0 0.5 09 18 Italy 67 3.9 06 0.9 08 -04 21 0.1 1.0 Spain 5.5 5.2 14 24 -0.1 -0.2 21 13 28 Japan 21 14 18 0.9 0.2 -04 17 1.0 1.0 United Kingdom 76 41 -06 0.9 -0.9 03 04 -05 18 Canada 5.0 3.5 15 15 0.0 0.1 23 12 1.9 Other Advanced Economies 3/ 5.3 28 20 24 -03 02 14 2a 2.2 Emerging Market and Developing Economies 67 3.9 40 42 0.3 -0.1 25 5.0 4A Emerging and Developing Asia 74 43 5.3 5.2 04 0.0 3.4 6.2 49 China 84 3.0 5.2 45 08 0.0 29 5.9 41 India 4/ 87 68 61 68 0.0 0.0 43 70 7A Emerging and Developing Europe 69 07 15 26 0.9 01 -2.0 3.5 28 Russia 47 -2.2 0.3 21 26 06 441 1.0 2.0 Latin America and the Caribbean 7.0 3.9 18 2a 04 0.3 26 1.9 19 Brazil 5.0 34 12 15 0.2 -04 28 0.8 22 Mexico 47 34 47 16 05 -0.2 37 14 1.9 Middle East and Central Asia 45 5.3 3.2 37 -04 0.2 . . . Saudi Arabia 3.2 87 26 34 -11 0.5 46 27 35 Sub-Saharan Africa 47 38 38 41 04 0.0 = ao ao Nigeria 3.6 3.0 3.2 29 0.2 0.0 26 31 29 South Africa 49 26 12 13 01 0.0 3.0 0.5 18 Memorandum World Growth Based on Market Exchange Rates 6.0 3.41 24 25 03 -0.1 17 25 25 European Union 5.5 37 07 18 0.0 -0.3 18 1.2 2.0 ASEAN-5 5/ 3.8 5.2 43 47 0.2 -0.2 37 57 40 Middle East and North Africa 41 54 3.2 35 -04 0.2 a . . Emerging Market and Middle-Income Economies 70 38 40 44 04 0.0 25 5.0 44 Low-Income Developing Countries 441 49 49 56 0.0 01 World Trade Volume (goods and services) 6/ 10.4 5.4 24 3.4 -01 -0.3 Advanced Economies 94 66 23 27 0.0 -04 Emerging Market and Developing Economies 124 34 26 46 03 0.0 Commodity Prices 7/ 65.8 39.8 -16.2 71 33 -0.9 11.2 -98 59 Nonfuel (average based on world commodity import weights) 26.4 70 -6.3 -0.4 -01 03 -2.0 14 -0.2" }, { - "type": "Title", - "element_id": "fcadc00fe663ee0e7818b0ffc5c46948", + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "1bea20e1df19b12013976de2b5e0e3d1", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf", @@ -1401,11 +1419,11 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 7 }, - "text": "World Output" + "text": "2021" }, { "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "6bb1e757e09d7fa3aba323a375abd047", + "element_id": "b432234c878eb484525dbb0c9be461fe", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf", @@ -1419,11 +1437,11 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 7 }, - "text": "World Consumer Prices 8/ Advanced Economies 9/ Emerging Market and Developing Economies 8/" + "text": "65.8 26.4" }, { "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "0c76bc4e35219e2a31b09428cd47d009", + "element_id": "e4fe15854d6650b5b102d8b1c11eb0ba", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf", @@ -1437,11 +1455,11 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 7 }, - "text": "World Trade Volume (goods and services) 6/ Advanced Economies Emerging Market and Developing Economies" + "text": "10.4 9.4 12.1" }, { - "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "3c0578f4d944258ffa4ffac7615f1ff9", + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "2a9680555d457b6da4b6748492bb6f3d", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf", @@ -1455,11 +1473,11 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 7 }, - "text": "Commodity Prices Oil 7/ Nonfuel (average based on world commodity import weights)" + "text": "5.4 5.9 5.3 2.6 6.8 6.7 5.5 2.1 7.6 5.0 5.3" }, { - "type": "Title", - "element_id": "b2800ff802361713acee893ebae272f6", + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "a7143daa9de8af6e0c465ca1354d45b6", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf", @@ -1473,11 +1491,11 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 7 }, - "text": "Saudi Arabia Sub-Saharan Africa" + "text": "6.7 7.4 8.4 8.7 6.9 4.7 7.0 5.0 4.7 4.5 3.2 4.7 3.6 4.9" }, { - "type": "Title", - "element_id": "6185fd66a4e106814e65c047c15dfb1f", + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "dbc6d298b0672b8176de90a623844b7f", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf", @@ -1491,11 +1509,11 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 7 }, - "text": "Advanced Economies United States Euro Area" + "text": "6.0 5.5 3.8 4.1 7.0 4.1" }, { - "type": "Title", - "element_id": "24af2841400373443d80b6c91180918b", + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "69dfc187e2e6d907a0546f7e76f8ee3f", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf", @@ -1509,11 +1527,11 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 7 }, - "text": "Middle East and Central Asia" + "text": "6.2" }, { "type": "Title", - "element_id": "7559320d044a32fbb21a7a8da25e9045", + "element_id": "b88d850d87e55cb1fd14ae67e5644d57", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf", @@ -1527,11 +1545,11 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 7 }, - "text": "Japan United Kingdom Canada Other Advanced Economies 3/" + "text": "Estimate 2022" }, { - "type": "Title", - "element_id": "8325885b8155742cebc672e0d7072a7d", + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "53bcbc5ff007dd49a07f6fb79ef96ef9", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf", @@ -1545,11 +1563,11 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 7 }, - "text": "Emerging and Developing Europe" + "text": "3.9 4.3 3.0 6.8 0.7 –2.2 3.9 3.1 3.1 5.3 8.7 3.8 3.0 2.6" }, { - "type": "Title", - "element_id": "ad1094978303f5aa32665083ee1ed934", + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "1baf3bebf4d4c9418858185bd491eb8f", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf", @@ -1563,11 +1581,11 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 7 }, - "text": "Latin America and the Caribbean" + "text": "39.8 7.0" }, { "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "9e5246f529e197f84af65bbcd8e0d2a4", + "element_id": "743f3bc42f087068035515a8dec4f85a", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf", @@ -1581,11 +1599,11 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 7 }, - "text": "Memorandum World Growth Based on Market Exchange Rates European Union ASEAN-5 5/ Middle East and North Africa Emerging Market and Middle-Income Economies Low-Income Developing Countries" + "text": "3.1 3.7 5.2 5.4 3.8 4.9" }, { - "type": "Title", - "element_id": "a4ca51cd6c74adf51f6e9ce60165d047", + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "72d73db944cf6d9a5f11d6c073c1dce0", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf", @@ -1599,11 +1617,11 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 7 }, - "text": "Emerging Market and Developing Economies Emerging and Developing Asia" + "text": "3.4" }, { - "type": "Title", - "element_id": "33a3d8ed92b0709ba525369922e51387", + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "e352203d837b1096ee96e1977f1c3d0b", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf", @@ -1617,11 +1635,11 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 7 }, - "text": "Russia" + "text": "5.4 6.6 3.4" }, { - "type": "Title", - "element_id": "e30a554d7d1cbf308651f8c267ad6872", + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "6976f35f9f91b539b46743f37d94014a", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf", @@ -1635,11 +1653,11 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 7 }, - "text": "Brazil Mexico" + "text": "2.7 2.0 3.5 1.9 2.6 3.9 5.2 1.4 4.1 3.5 2.8" }, { - "type": "Title", - "element_id": "d5d29f012a1237803ee7e623a134117a", + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "7268a41308c4276447de2a707b5df73c", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf", @@ -1653,11 +1671,11 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 7 }, - "text": "China India 4/" + "text": "–16.2 –6.3" }, { "type": "Title", - "element_id": "18231df9f753f2eca887585247231761", + "element_id": "18665f77847d326417463628d8860261", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf", @@ -1671,11 +1689,11 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 7 }, - "text": "Germany France Italy Spain" + "text": "Projections 2023" }, { - "type": "Title", - "element_id": "05704f84f4326b5f53a04d62f7ad62fc", + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "d8236eb6a9bab4f3d37735048ab5aeee", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf", @@ -1689,11 +1707,11 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 7 }, - "text": "Nigeria South Africa" + "text": "1.2 1.4 0.7 0.1 0.7 0.6 1.1 1.8 –0.6 1.5 2.0" }, { - "type": "Table", - "element_id": "63bdc79def2500227001ac95d78727ab", + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "1ea8f3c3db2cb6c75f21ebf26acc28a5", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf", @@ -1707,11 +1725,11 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 7 }, - "text": "Difference from October 2022 Q4 over Q4 2/ Estimate___ Projections WEO Projections 1/ Estimate Projections 2021 2022 2023 2024 2023 2024 2022 2023 2024 World Output 6.2 34 29 34 0.2 0.1 1.9 3.2 3.0 Advanced Economies 5.4 27 1.2 14 04 0.2 1.3 14 1.6 United States 5.9 2.0 14 1.0 04 -0.2 07 1.0 13 Euro Area 5.3 3.5 07 16 0.2 -0.2 19 0.5 24 Germany 26 19 01 14 04 0.1 14 0.0 23 France 68 26 07 16 0.0 0.0 0.5 09 18 Italy 67 3.9 06 0.9 08 -04 21 0.1 1.0 Spain 5.5 5.2 14 24 -0.1 -0.2 21 13 28 Japan 21 14 18 0.9 0.2 -04 17 1.0 1.0 United Kingdom 76 41 -06 0.9 -0.9 03 04 -05 18 Canada 5.0 3.5 15 15 0.0 0.1 23 12 1.9 Other Advanced Economies 3/ 5.3 28 20 24 -03 02 14 2a 2.2 Emerging Market and Developing Economies 67 3.9 40 42 0.3 -0.1 25 5.0 4A Emerging and Developing Asia 74 43 5.3 5.2 04 0.0 3.4 6.2 49 China 84 3.0 5.2 45 08 0.0 29 5.9 41 India 4/ 87 68 61 68 0.0 0.0 43 70 7A Emerging and Developing Europe 69 07 15 26 0.9 01 -2.0 3.5 28 Russia 47 -2.2 0.3 21 26 06 441 1.0 2.0 Latin America and the Caribbean 7.0 3.9 18 2a 04 0.3 26 1.9 19 Brazil 5.0 34 12 15 0.2 -04 28 0.8 22 Mexico 47 34 47 16 05 -0.2 37 14 1.9 Middle East and Central Asia 45 5.3 3.2 37 -04 0.2 . . . Saudi Arabia 3.2 87 26 34 -11 0.5 46 27 35 Sub-Saharan Africa 47 38 38 41 04 0.0 = ao ao Nigeria 3.6 3.0 3.2 29 0.2 0.0 26 31 29 South Africa 49 26 12 13 01 0.0 3.0 0.5 18 Memorandum World Growth Based on Market Exchange Rates 6.0 3.41 24 25 03 -0.1 17 25 25 European Union 5.5 37 07 18 0.0 -0.3 18 1.2 2.0 ASEAN-5 5/ 3.8 5.2 43 47 0.2 -0.2 37 57 40 Middle East and North Africa 41 54 3.2 35 -04 0.2 a . . Emerging Market and Middle-Income Economies 70 38 40 44 04 0.0 25 5.0 44 Low-Income Developing Countries 441 49 49 56 0.0 01 World Trade Volume (goods and services) 6/ 10.4 5.4 24 3.4 -01 -0.3 Advanced Economies 94 66 23 27 0.0 -04 Emerging Market and Developing Economies 124 34 26 46 03 0.0 Commodity Prices Oil 7/ 65.8 39.8 -16.2 71 33 -0.9 11.2 -98 59 Nonfuel (average based on world commodity import weights) 26.4 70 -6.3 -0.4 -01 03 -2.0 14 -0.2 World Consumer Prices 8/ 47 88 6.6 43 04 0.2 9.2 5.0 3.5 Advanced Economies 9/ 34 73 46 26 0.2 02 78 31 23 Emerging Market and Developing Economies 8/ 5.9 99 84 5.5 0.0 02 10.4 66 45," + "text": "4.0 5.3 5.2 6.1 1.5 0.3 1.8 1.2 1.7 3.2 2.6 3.8 3.2 1.2" }, { "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "1bea20e1df19b12013976de2b5e0e3d1", + "element_id": "f491e65f8d4b8dbec7621fcedaf1b7a4", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf", @@ -1725,11 +1743,11 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 7 }, - "text": "2021" + "text": "2.9" }, { "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "e4fe15854d6650b5b102d8b1c11eb0ba", + "element_id": "96ccb4fe1ec705d9944d1c1ecf0938ab", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf", @@ -1743,11 +1761,11 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 7 }, - "text": "10.4 9.4 12.1" + "text": "2.4 0.7 4.3 3.2 4.0 4.9" }, { "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "b432234c878eb484525dbb0c9be461fe", + "element_id": "098d858ff74b2740723330ff6e43edf8", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf", @@ -1761,11 +1779,11 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 7 }, - "text": "65.8 26.4" + "text": "2.4 2.3 2.6" }, { "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "a7143daa9de8af6e0c465ca1354d45b6", + "element_id": "6557739a67283a8de383fc5c0997fbec", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf", @@ -1779,11 +1797,11 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 7 }, - 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}, - { - "type": "Title", - "element_id": "1968c7f7ac8a3b0483f733357bb50b16", + "element_id": "708c57a76a5cf81dc197cc1bd612adb2", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf", @@ -2301,11 +2283,11 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 7 }, - "text": "WEO Projections 1/" + "text": ". . . . . . . . ." }, { "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "d398b29d3dbbb9bf201d4c7e1c19ff9d", + "element_id": "eca06fdd26e513a7b8510c8660228504", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf", @@ -2319,11 +2301,11 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 7 }, - "text": "2023" + "text": "1.9" }, { - "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "84bc47d0d0703878a250620230630525", + "type": "Title", + "element_id": "18665f77847d326417463628d8860261", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf", @@ -2337,11 +2319,11 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 7 }, - 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"element_id": "dd295fca8aff81058c48312a022b69b2", - "metadata": { - "data_source": { - "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf", - "version": 265756457651539296174748931590365722430, - "record_locator": { - "protocol": "s3", - "remote_file_path": "utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf" - }, - "date_modified": "2023-02-14T07:31:28" - }, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 7 - }, - "text": "Note: Real effective exchange rates are assumed to remain constant at the levels prevailing during October 26, 2022--November 23, 2022. Economies are listed on the basis of economic size. The aggregated quarterly data are seasonally adjusted. WEO = World Economic Outlook. 1/ Difference based on rounded figures for the current and October 2022 WEO forecasts. Countries whose forecasts have been updated relative to October 2022 WEO forecasts account for approximately 90 percent of world GDP measured at purchasing-power-parity weights. 2/ For World Output (Emerging Market and Developing Economies), the quarterly estimates and projections account for approximately 90 percent (80 percent) of annual world (emerging market and developing economies') output at purchasing-power-parity weights. 3/ Excludes the Group of Seven (Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, United Kingdom, United States) and euro area countries. 4/ For India, data and projections are presented on a fiscal year basis, with FY 2022/23 (starting in April 2022) shown in the 2022 column. India's growth projections are 5.4 percent in 2023 and 6.8 percent in 2024 based on calendar year. 5/ Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand. 6/ Simple average of growth rates for export and import volumes (goods and services). 7/ Simple average of prices of UK Brent, Dubai Fateh, and West Texas Intermediate crude oil. The average assumed price of oil in US dollars a barrel, based on futures markets (as of November 29, 2022), is $81.13 in 2023 and $75.36 in 2024. 8/ Excludes Venezuela. 9/ The inflation rate for the euro area is 5.7% in 2023 and 3.3% in 2024, that for Japan is 2.8% in 2023 and 2.0% in 2024, and that for the United States is 4.0% in 2023 and 2.2% in 2024." - }, - { - "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "df59a495ef85c5f70c5ba5356caf764a", - "metadata": { - "data_source": { - "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf", - "version": 265756457651539296174748931590365722430, - "record_locator": { - "protocol": "s3", - "remote_file_path": "utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf" - }, - "date_modified": "2023-02-14T07:31:28" - }, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 7 - }, - "text": "Upside risks—Plausible upside risks include more favorable surprises to domestic spending—as in the third quarter of 2022—which, however, would increase inflation further. At the same time, there is room for an upside scenario with lower-than-expected inflation and less monetary tightening:" - }, - { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "cf20f95904c591b6ac4ccd5d43fa8a98", - "metadata": { - "data_source": { - "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf", - "version": 265756457651539296174748931590365722430, - "record_locator": { - "protocol": "s3", - "remote_file_path": "utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf" - }, - "date_modified": "2023-02-14T07:31:28" - }, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 7 - }, - "text": "Pent-up demand boost: Fueled by the stock of excess private savings from the pandemic fiscal" - }, - { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "000425958dcafe9c9a9c501237d8c4d3", - "metadata": { - "data_source": { - "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf", - "version": 265756457651539296174748931590365722430, - "record_locator": { - "protocol": "s3", - "remote_file_path": "utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf" - }, - "date_modified": "2023-02-14T07:31:28" - }, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 7 - }, - "text": "support and, in many cases, still-tight labor markets and solid wage growth, pent-up demand remains an upside risk to the growth outlook. In some advanced economies, recent data show that households are still on net adding to their stock of excess savings (as in some euro area countries and the United Kingdom) or have ample savings left (as in the United States). This leaves scope for a further boost to consumption—particularly of services, including tourism." - }, - { - "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "e7f6c011776e8db7cd330b54174fd76f", - "metadata": { - "data_source": { - "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf", - "version": 265756457651539296174748931590365722430, - "record_locator": { - "protocol": "s3", - "remote_file_path": "utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf" - }, - "date_modified": "2023-02-14T07:31:28" - }, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 7 - }, - "text": "6" - }, - { - "type": "Title", - "element_id": "b3080428cb4e8896623bf36c001e868a", - "metadata": { - "data_source": { - "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf", - "version": 265756457651539296174748931590365722430, - "record_locator": { - "protocol": "s3", - "remote_file_path": "utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf" - }, - "date_modified": "2023-02-14T07:31:28" - }, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 7 - }, - "text": "International Monetary Fund | January 2023" - }, - { - "type": "Title", - "element_id": "95af4f3feb2d03b2310ce31abc0c435d", - "metadata": { - "data_source": { - "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf", - "version": 265756457651539296174748931590365722430, - "record_locator": { - "protocol": "s3", - "remote_file_path": "utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf" - }, - "date_modified": "2023-02-14T07:31:28" - }, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 8 - }, - "text": "WORLD ECONOMIC OUTLOOK UPDATE, JANUARY 2023" - }, - { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "79a6a9353dc2a500e2e50e720cf8ab7c", - "metadata": { - "data_source": { - "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf", - "version": 265756457651539296174748931590365722430, - "record_locator": { - "protocol": "s3", - "remote_file_path": "utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf" - }, - "date_modified": "2023-02-14T07:31:28" - }, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 8 - }, - "text": "However, the boost to demand could stoke core inflation, leading to even tighter monetary policies and a stronger-than-expected slowdown later on. Pent-up demand could also fuel a stronger rebound in China. e Faster disinflation: An easing in labor market pressures in some advanced economies due to falling vacancies could cool wage inflation without necessarily increasing unemployment. A sharp fall in the prices of goods, as consumers shift back to services, could further push down inflation. Such developments could imply a “softer” landing with less monetary tightening." - }, - { - "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "a2f806b25a06969405637298b4c85139", - "metadata": { - "data_source": { - "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf", - "version": 265756457651539296174748931590365722430, - "record_locator": { - "protocol": "s3", - "remote_file_path": "utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf" - }, - "date_modified": "2023-02-14T07:31:28" - }, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 8 - }, - "text": "Downside risks—Numerous downside risks continue to weigh on the global outlook, lowering growth while, in a number of cases, adding further to inflation:" - }, - { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "e9fbac47e4ed0c2d153022a284a77919", - "metadata": { - "data_source": { - "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf", - "version": 265756457651539296174748931590365722430, - "record_locator": { - "protocol": "s3", - "remote_file_path": "utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf" - }, - "date_modified": "2023-02-14T07:31:28" - }, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 8 - }, - "text": "© = China’s recovery stalling: Amid still-low population immunity levels and insufficient hospital capacity, especially outside the major urban areas, significant health consequences could hamper the recovery. A deepening crisis in the real estate market remains a major source of vulnerability, with risks of widespread defaults by developers and resulting financial sector instability. Spillovers to the rest of the world would operate primarily through lower demand and potentially renewed supply chain problems. e = =War in Ukraine escalating: An escalation of the war in Ukraine remains a major source of vulnerability, particularly for Europe and lower-income countries. Europe is facing lower-than- anticipated gas prices, having stored enough gas to make shortages unlikely this winter. However, refilling storage with much-diminished Russian flows will be challenging ahead of next winter, particularly if it is a very cold one and China’s energy demand picks up, causing ptice spikes. A possible increase in food prices from a failed extension of the Black Sea grain initiative would put further pressure on lower-income countries that are experiencing food insecurity and have limited budgetary room to cushion the impact on households and businesses. With elevated food and fuel prices, social unrest may increase. e Debt distress: Since October, sovereign spreads for emerging market and developing economies have modestly declined on the back of an easing in global financial conditions (Box 1) and dollar depreciation. About 15 percent of low-income countries are estimated to be in debt distress, with an additional 45 percent at high risk of debt distress and about 25 percent of emerging market economies also at high risk. The combination of high debt levels from the pandemic, lower growth, and higher borrowing costs exacerbates the vulnerability of these economies, especially those with significant near-term dollar financing needs. e = Inflation persisting: Persistent labor market tightness could translate into stronger-than-expected wage growth. Higher-than-expected oil, gas, and food prices from the war in Ukraine or from a faster rebound in China’s growth could again raise headline inflation and pass through into underlying inflation. Such developments could cause inflation expectations to de-anchor and require an even tighter monetary policy. e = Sudden financial market repricing: A prematute easing in financial conditions in response to lower headline inflation data could complicate anti-inflation policies and necessitate additional monetary tightening. For the same reason, unfavorable inflation data releases could trigger sudden repricing of assets and increase volatility in financial markets. Such movements could strain liquidity and the functioning of critical markets, with ripple effects on the real economy. © Geopolitical fragmentation: The wat in Ukraine and the related international sanctions aimed at e pressuring Russia to end hostilities are splitting the world economy into blocs and reinforcing earlier geopolitical tensions, such as those associated with the US-China trade dispute." - }, - { - "type": "Title", - "element_id": "8ae18586f23aa212e66aeb12a5638609", - "metadata": { - "data_source": { - "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf", - "version": 265756457651539296174748931590365722430, - "record_locator": { - "protocol": "s3", - "remote_file_path": "utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf" - }, - "date_modified": "2023-02-14T07:31:28" - }, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 8 - }, - "text": "International Monetary Fund | January 2023." - }, - { - "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "7902699be42c8a8e46fbbb4501726517", - "metadata": { - "data_source": { - "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf", - "version": 265756457651539296174748931590365722430, - "record_locator": { - "protocol": "s3", - "remote_file_path": "utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf" - }, - "date_modified": "2023-02-14T07:31:28" - }, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 8 - }, - "text": "7" - }, - { - "type": "Title", - "element_id": "95af4f3feb2d03b2310ce31abc0c435d", - "metadata": { - "data_source": { - "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf", - "version": 265756457651539296174748931590365722430, - "record_locator": { - "protocol": "s3", - "remote_file_path": "utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf" - }, - "date_modified": "2023-02-14T07:31:28" - }, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 9 - }, - "text": "WORLD ECONOMIC OUTLOOK UPDATE, JANUARY 2023" - }, - { - "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "6684fee3e3cd949ec59e7444a0c3fd0c", - "metadata": { - "data_source": { - "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf", - "version": 265756457651539296174748931590365722430, - "record_locator": { - "protocol": "s3", - "remote_file_path": "utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf" - }, - "date_modified": "2023-02-14T07:31:28" - }, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 9 - }, - "text": "Fragmentation could intensify—with more restrictions on cross-border movements of capital, workers, and international payments—and could hamper multilateral cooperation on providing global public goods.1 The costs of such fragmentation are especially high in the short term, as replacing disrupted cross-border flows takes time." - }, - { - "type": "Title", - "element_id": "a81cc4e3ca23fd16254e2b858cdcb00a", - "metadata": { - "data_source": { - "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf", - "version": 265756457651539296174748931590365722430, - "record_locator": { - "protocol": "s3", - "remote_file_path": "utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf" - }, - "date_modified": "2023-02-14T07:31:28" - }, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 9 - }, - "text": "Policy Priorities" - }, - { - "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "1c464362698203e7245bdaf33c388a80", - "metadata": { - "data_source": { - "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf", - "version": 265756457651539296174748931590365722430, - "record_locator": { - "protocol": "s3", - "remote_file_path": "utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf" - }, - "date_modified": "2023-02-14T07:31:28" - }, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 9 - }, - "text": "Securing global disinflation: For most economies, the priority remains achieving a sustained reduction in inflation toward target levels. Raising real policy rates and keeping them above their neutral levels until underlying inflation is clearly declining would ward off risks of inflation expectations de- anchoring. Clear central bank communication and appropriate reactions to shifts in the data will help keep inflation expectations anchored and lessen wage and price pressures. Central banks’ balance sheets will need to be unwound carefully, amid market liquidity risks. Gradual and steady fiscal tightening would contribute to cooling demand and limit the burden on monetary policy in the fight against inflation. In countries where output remains below potential and inflation is in check, maintaining monetary and fiscal accommodation may be appropriate." - }, - { - "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "d6138134f71f953a9da2083154e2629e", - "metadata": { - "data_source": { - "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf", - "version": 265756457651539296174748931590365722430, - "record_locator": { - "protocol": "s3", - "remote_file_path": "utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf" - }, - "date_modified": "2023-02-14T07:31:28" - }, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 9 - }, - "text": "Containing the reemergence of COVID-19: Addressing the ongoing pandemic requires coordinated efforts to boost vaccination and medicine access in countries where coverage remains low as well as the deployment of pandemic preparedness measures—including a global push toward sequencing and sharing data. In China, focusing vaccination efforts on vulnerable groups and maintaining sufficiently high coverage of boosters and antiviral medicines would minimize the risks of severe health outcomes and safeguard the recovery, with favorable cross-border spillovers." - }, - { - "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "2457fbbf5aa862b5a8b45d070f9114cb", - "metadata": { - "data_source": { - "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf", - "version": 265756457651539296174748931590365722430, - "record_locator": { - "protocol": "s3", - "remote_file_path": "utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf" - }, - "date_modified": "2023-02-14T07:31:28" - }, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 9 - }, - "text": "Ensuring financial stability: Depending on country circumstances, macroprudential tools can be used to tackle pockets of elevated financial sector vulnerabilities. Monitoring housing sector developments and conducting stress tests in economies where house prices have increased significantly over the past few years are warranted. In China, central government action to resolve the property crisis and reduce the risk of spillovers to financial stability and growth is a priority, including by strengthening temporary mechanisms to protect presale homebuyers from the risk of non-delivery and by restructuring troubled developers. Globally, financial sector regulations introduced after the global financial crisis have contributed to the resilience of banking sectors throughout the pandemic, but there is a need to address data and supervisory gaps in the less-regulated nonbank financial sector, where risks may have built up inconspicuously. Recent turmoil in the crypto space also highlights the urgent need to introduce common standards and reinforce oversight of crypto assets." - }, - { - "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "bcef6ce9e3d4c015db21955dc4f6ce42", - "metadata": { - "data_source": { - "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf", - "version": 265756457651539296174748931590365722430, - "record_locator": { - "protocol": "s3", - "remote_file_path": "utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf" - }, - "date_modified": "2023-02-14T07:31:28" - }, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 9 - }, - "text": "Restoring debt sustainability: Lower growth and higher borrowing costs have raised public debt ratios in several economies. Where debt is unsustainable, implementing restructuring or reprofiling early on as part of a package of reforms (including fiscal consolidation and growth-enhancing supply-side reforms) can avert the need for more disruptive adjustment later." - }, - { - "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "defb87cb8f10236768732a1e5fe9519f", - "metadata": { - "data_source": { - "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf", - "version": 265756457651539296174748931590365722430, - "record_locator": { - "protocol": "s3", - "remote_file_path": "utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf" - }, - "date_modified": "2023-02-14T07:31:28" - }, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 9 - }, - "text": "Supporting the vulnerable: The surge in global energy and food prices triggered a cost-of-living crisis. Governments acted swiftly with support to households and firms, which helped cushion effects on growth and at times limited the pass-through from energy prices to headline inflation through price" - }, - { - "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "40430ee7d1dc6b176a60b88df18a66c9", - "metadata": { - "data_source": { - "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf", - "version": 265756457651539296174748931590365722430, - "record_locator": { - "protocol": "s3", - "remote_file_path": "utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf" - }, - "date_modified": "2023-02-14T07:31:28" - }, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 9 - }, - "text": "1 See “Geo-Economic Fragmentation and the Future of Multilateralism,” IMF Staff Discussion Note 2023/001." - }, - { - "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "2c624232cdd221771294dfbb310aca00", - "metadata": { - "data_source": { - "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf", - "version": 265756457651539296174748931590365722430, - "record_locator": { - "protocol": "s3", - "remote_file_path": "utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf" - }, - "date_modified": "2023-02-14T07:31:28" - }, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 9 - }, - "text": "8" - }, - { - "type": "Title", - "element_id": "b3080428cb4e8896623bf36c001e868a", - "metadata": { - "data_source": { - "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf", - "version": 265756457651539296174748931590365722430, - "record_locator": { - "protocol": "s3", - "remote_file_path": "utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf" - }, - "date_modified": "2023-02-14T07:31:28" - }, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 9 - }, - "text": "International Monetary Fund | January 2023" - }, - { - "type": "Title", - "element_id": "95af4f3feb2d03b2310ce31abc0c435d", - "metadata": { - "data_source": { - "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf", - "version": 265756457651539296174748931590365722430, - "record_locator": { - "protocol": "s3", - "remote_file_path": "utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf" - }, - "date_modified": "2023-02-14T07:31:28" - }, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 10 - }, - "text": "WORLD ECONOMIC OUTLOOK UPDATE, JANUARY 2023" - }, - { - "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "2e9a0eaddd75095d1bbb4fda6f2c4feb", - "metadata": { - "data_source": { - "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf", - "version": 265756457651539296174748931590365722430, - "record_locator": { - "protocol": "s3", - "remote_file_path": "utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf" - }, - "date_modified": "2023-02-14T07:31:28" - }, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 10 - }, - "text": "controls. The temporary and broad-based measures are becoming increasingly costly and should be withdrawn and replaced by targeted approaches. Preserving the energy price signal will encourage a reduction in energy consumption and limit the risks of shortages. Targeting can be achieved through social safety nets such as cash transfers to eligible households based on income or demographics or by transfers through electricity companies based on past energy consumption. Subsidies should be temporary and offset by revenue-generating measures, including one-time solidarity taxes on high- income households and companies, where appropriate." - }, - { - "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "da0ef04b13917f67583290e9ba57e375", - "metadata": { - "data_source": { - "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf", - "version": 265756457651539296174748931590365722430, - "record_locator": { - "protocol": "s3", - "remote_file_path": "utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf" - }, - "date_modified": "2023-02-14T07:31:28" - }, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 10 - }, - "text": "Reinforcing supply: Supply-side policies could address the key structural factors impeding growth— including market power, rent seeking, rigid regulation and planning, and inefficient education—and could help build resilience, reduce bottlenecks, and alleviate price pressures. A concerted push for investment along the supply chain of green energy technologies would bolster energy security and help advance progress on the green transition." - }, - { - "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "c64f29a38dae74989484539db014364f", - "metadata": { - "data_source": { - "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf", - "version": 265756457651539296174748931590365722430, - "record_locator": { - "protocol": "s3", - "remote_file_path": "utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf" - }, - "date_modified": "2023-02-14T07:31:28" - }, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 10 - }, - "text": "Strengthening multilateral cooperation—Urgent action is needed to limit the risks stemming from geopolitical fragmentation and to ensure cooperation on fundamental areas of common interest:" - }, - { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "8dbc8ad2da37799a3719a01d44d2e506", - "metadata": { - "data_source": { - "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf", - "version": 265756457651539296174748931590365722430, - "record_locator": { - "protocol": "s3", - "remote_file_path": "utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf" - }, - "date_modified": "2023-02-14T07:31:28" - }, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 10 - }, - "text": "e = Restraining the pandemic: Global coordination is needed to resolve bottlenecks in the global distribution of vaccines and treatments. Public support for the development of new vaccine technologies and the design of systematic responses to future epidemics also remains essential. e = Addressing debt distress: Progress has been made for countries that requested debt treatment under the Group of Twenty’s Common Framework initiative, and more will be needed to strengthen it. It is also necessary to agree on mechanisms to resolve debt in a broader set of economies, including middle-income countries that are not eligible under the Common Framework. Non— Paris Club and private creditors have a crucial role to play in ensuring coordinated, effective, and timely debt resolution processes. e — Strengthening global trade: Strengthening the global trading system would address risks associated with trade fragmentation. This can be achieved by rolling back restrictions on food exports and other essential items such as medicine, upgrading World Trade Organization (WTO) rules in critical areas such as agricultural and industrial subsidies, concluding and implementing new WTO-based agreements, and fully restoring the WTO dispute settlement system. e Using the global financial safety net: With the cascading of shocks to the global economy, using the global financial safety net to its fullest extent is appropriate, including by proactively utilizing the IMF’s precautionary financial arrangements and channeling aid from the international community to low-income countries facing shocks. e Speeding the green transition: To meet governments’ climate change goals, it is necessary to swiftly implement credible mitigation policies. International coordination on carbon pricing or equivalent policies would facilitate faster decarbonization. Global cooperation is needed to build resilience to climate shocks, including through aid to vulnerable countries." - }, - { - "type": "Title", - "element_id": "b3080428cb4e8896623bf36c001e868a", - "metadata": { - "data_source": { - "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf", - "version": 265756457651539296174748931590365722430, - "record_locator": { - "protocol": "s3", - "remote_file_path": "utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf" - }, - "date_modified": "2023-02-14T07:31:28" - }, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 10 - }, - "text": "International Monetary Fund | January 2023" - }, - { - "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "19581e27de7ced00ff1ce50b2047e7a5", - "metadata": { - "data_source": { - "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf", - "version": 265756457651539296174748931590365722430, - "record_locator": { - "protocol": "s3", - "remote_file_path": "utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf" - }, - "date_modified": "2023-02-14T07:31:28" - }, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 10 - }, - "text": "9" - }, - { - "type": "Image", - "element_id": "0e1f5e74082ed333d383fa20680f0909", - "metadata": { - "data_source": { - "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf", - "version": 265756457651539296174748931590365722430, - "record_locator": { - "protocol": "s3", - "remote_file_path": "utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf" - }, - "date_modified": "2023-02-14T07:31:28" - }, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 11 - }, - "text": "BOX 1. GLOBAL FINANCIAL STABILITY UPDATE" + "text": "4.7 3.1 5.9" }, { - "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "8b350f34fe437a1447f2722c30d1e418", + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "b7948d6976e997e76e343161b4b5d864", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf", @@ -3595,13 +2605,13 @@ "date_modified": "2023-02-14T07:31:28" }, "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 11 + "page_number": 7 }, - "text": "—— — other" + "text": "8.8 7.3 9.9" }, { - "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "a2fa3a13e51ab7dd0859ee2c869b70e5", + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "e7ac421147471fe341ae242e7544a44c", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf", @@ -3613,13 +2623,13 @@ "date_modified": "2023-02-14T07:31:28" }, "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 11 + "page_number": 7 }, - "text": "Overall, financial stability risks remain elevated as investors reassess their inflation and monetary policy outlook. Global financial conditions have eased somewhat since the October 2022 Global Financial Stability Report, driven largely by changing market expectations regarding the interest rate cycle (Figure 1.1). While the expected peak in policy rates—the terminal rate—has risen, markets now also expect the subsequent fall in rates will be significantly faster, and further, than what was forecast in October (Figure 1.2). As a result, global bond yields have recently declined, corporate spreads have tightened, and equity markets have rebounded. That said, central banks are likely to continue to tighten monetary policy to fight inflation, and concerns that this restrictive stance could tip the economy into a recession have increased in major advanced economies." + "text": "6.6 4.6 8.1" }, { "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "a43f5d32a34c9b54fe96097c3d491389", + "element_id": "4b48b0469ba9682a3e385ee7fbb6bbed", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf", @@ -3631,13 +2641,13 @@ "date_modified": "2023-02-14T07:31:28" }, "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 11 + "page_number": 7 }, - "text": "–3" + "text": "4.3 2.6 5.5" }, { "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "28a5aa3897d66de6c31caba99a4c337e", + "element_id": "5277334fd8abe869f6a8de2e43942c9d", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf", @@ -3649,13 +2659,13 @@ "date_modified": "2023-02-14T07:31:28" }, "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 11 + "page_number": 7 }, - "text": "–2" + "text": "0.1 0.2 0.0" }, { "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "467792e5d9b6bec26f556875e9ccab10", + "element_id": "44f0ab7953bb0b3696b9fa3cf0682f35", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf", @@ -3667,13 +2677,13 @@ "date_modified": "2023-02-14T07:31:28" }, "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 11 + "page_number": 7 }, - "text": "–1" + "text": "0.2 0.2 0.2" }, { "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "6b86b273ff34fce19d6b804eff5a3f57", + "element_id": "08e781dd2b6499b1ac8105a47f3520cc", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf", @@ -3685,13 +2695,13 @@ "date_modified": "2023-02-14T07:31:28" }, "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 11 + "page_number": 7 }, - "text": "1" + "text": "9.2 7.8 10.4" }, { "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "d4735e3a265e16eee03f59718b9b5d03", + "element_id": "e586cf66e92b356a4611ee2ffdf85a16", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf", @@ -3703,13 +2713,13 @@ "date_modified": "2023-02-14T07:31:28" }, "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 11 + "page_number": 7 }, - "text": "2" + "text": "5.0 3.1 6.6" }, { "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "4e07408562bedb8b60ce05c1decfe3ad", + "element_id": "41d85a7cc007a9c34136a786d6e61c15", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf", @@ -3721,13 +2731,13 @@ "date_modified": "2023-02-14T07:31:28" }, "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 11 + "page_number": 7 }, - "text": "3" + "text": "3.5 2.3 4.5" }, { - "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "5feceb66ffc86f38d952786c6d696c79", + "type": "NarrativeText", + "element_id": "46c8e0c55b163d73d3d2766be8d1bf8d", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf", @@ -3739,13 +2749,13 @@ "date_modified": "2023-02-14T07:31:28" }, "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 11 + "page_number": 7 }, - "text": "0" + "text": "Note: Real effective exchange rates are assumed to remain constant at the levels prevailing during October 26, 2022--November 23, 2022. Economies are listed on the basis of economic size. The aggregated quarterly data are seasonally adjusted. WEO = World Economic Outlook. 1/ Difference based on rounded figures for the current and October 2022 WEO forecasts. Countries whose forecasts have been updated relative to October 2022 WEO forecasts account for approximately 90 percent of world GDP measured at purchasing-power-parity weights. 2/ For World Output (Emerging Market and Developing Economies), the quarterly estimates and projections account for approximately 90 percent (80 percent) of annual world (emerging market and developing economies') output at purchasing-power-parity weights. 3/ Excludes the Group of Seven (Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, United Kingdom, United States) and euro area countries. 4/ For India, data and projections are presented on a fiscal year basis, with FY 2022/23 (starting in April 2022) shown in the 2022 column. India's growth projections are 5.4 percent in 2023 and 6.8 percent in 2024 based on calendar year. 5/ Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand. 6/ Simple average of growth rates for export and import volumes (goods and services). 7/ Simple average of prices of UK Brent, Dubai Fateh, and West Texas Intermediate crude oil. The average assumed price of oil in US dollars a barrel, based on futures markets (as of November 29, 2022), is $81.13 in 2023 and $75.36 in 2024. 8/ Excludes Venezuela. 9/ The inflation rate for the euro area is 5.7% in 2023 and 3.3% in 2024, that for Japan is 2.8% in 2023 and 2.0% in 2024, and that for the United States is 4.0% in 2023 and 2.2% in 2024." }, { - "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "ef2d127de37b942baad06145e54b0c61", + "type": "NarrativeText", + "element_id": "df59a495ef85c5f70c5ba5356caf764a", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf", @@ -3757,13 +2767,13 @@ "date_modified": "2023-02-14T07:31:28" }, "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 11 + "page_number": 7 }, - "text": "5" + "text": "Upside risks—Plausible upside risks include more favorable surprises to domestic spending—as in the third quarter of 2022—which, however, would increase inflation further. At the same time, there is room for an upside scenario with lower-than-expected inflation and less monetary tightening:" }, { - "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "e7f6c011776e8db7cd330b54174fd76f", + "type": "ListItem", + "element_id": "000425958dcafe9c9a9c501237d8c4d3", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf", @@ -3775,13 +2785,13 @@ "date_modified": "2023-02-14T07:31:28" }, "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 11 + "page_number": 7 }, - "text": "6" + "text": "support and, in many cases, still-tight labor markets and solid wage growth, pent-up demand remains an upside risk to the growth outlook. In some advanced economies, recent data show that households are still on net adding to their stock of excess savings (as in some euro area countries and the United Kingdom) or have ample savings left (as in the United States). This leaves scope for a further boost to consumption—particularly of services, including tourism." }, { - "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "4b227777d4dd1fc61c6f884f48641d02", + "type": "ListItem", + "element_id": "f7d988c7d799cc7eec1527f363785a8c", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf", @@ -3793,13 +2803,13 @@ "date_modified": "2023-02-14T07:31:28" }, "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 11 + "page_number": 7 }, - "text": "4" + "text": "6 International Monetary Fund | January 2023" }, { - "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "7902699be42c8a8e46fbbb4501726517", + "type": "Title", + "element_id": "95af4f3feb2d03b2310ce31abc0c435d", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf", @@ -3811,13 +2821,13 @@ "date_modified": "2023-02-14T07:31:28" }, "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 11 + "page_number": 8 }, - "text": "7" + "text": "WORLD ECONOMIC OUTLOOK UPDATE, JANUARY 2023" }, { - "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "4108466a9a52ce87e39eb1836a42f6f2", + "type": "NarrativeText", + "element_id": "a6e6e147daf229e8267d85c3e49f7250", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf", @@ -3829,13 +2839,13 @@ "date_modified": "2023-02-14T07:31:28" }, "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 11 + "page_number": 8 }, - "text": "2006 08 08" + "text": "However, the boost to demand could stoke core inflation, leading to even tighter monetary policies and a stronger-than-expected slowdown later on. Pent-up demand could also fuel a stronger rebound in China." }, { - "type": "Title", - "element_id": "57de33ba9eaa9e5980d4cf6da83abf46", + "type": "ListItem", + "element_id": "2bbe57e6c291db638d3fcddca9e0199a", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf", @@ -3847,13 +2857,13 @@ "date_modified": "2023-02-14T07:31:28" }, "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 11 + "page_number": 8 }, - "text": "Figure 1.1. Global Financial Conditions: Selected Regions (Standard deviations from mean)" + "text": "Faster disinflation: An easing in labor market pressures in some advanced economies due to" }, { - "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "1ac9d411aa1266cb68aba2a8a9b70379", + "type": "ListItem", + "element_id": "668cd3ea4f48a2f080b7b764c04ab011", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf", @@ -3865,13 +2875,13 @@ "date_modified": "2023-02-14T07:31:28" }, "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 11 + "page_number": 8 }, - "text": "Sources: Bloomberg Finance L.P.; Haver Analytics; national data sources; and IMF staff calculations. Note: AEs = advanced economies; EMs = emerging markets. GFSR = Global Financial Stability Report." + "text": "Faster disinflation: An easing in labor market pressures in some advanced economies due to falling vacancies could cool wage inflation without necessarily increasing unemployment. A sharp fall in the prices of goods, as consumers shift back to services, could further push down inflation. Such developments could imply a “softer” landing with less monetary tightening." }, { - "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "aacd834b5cdc64a329e27649143406dd", + "type": "NarrativeText", + "element_id": "ab2ac0c0c558600b645acb6349ccf2df", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf", @@ -3883,13 +2893,13 @@ "date_modified": "2023-02-14T07:31:28" }, "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 11 + "page_number": 8 }, - "text": "06" + "text": "Downside risks—Numerous downside risks continue to weigh on the global outlook, lowering growth while, in a number of cases, adding further to inflation:" }, { - "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "785329d8f1c63e8d0cdeedba9e6bc2ea", + "type": "ListItem", + "element_id": "1bbcee85386321e6e8235a64d4c34d73", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf", @@ -3901,13 +2911,13 @@ "date_modified": "2023-02-14T07:31:28" }, "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 11 + "page_number": 8 }, - "text": "10 10" + "text": "capacity, especially outside the major urban areas, significant health consequences could hamper the recovery. A deepening crisis in the real estate market remains a major source of vulnerability, with risks of widespread defaults by developers and resulting financial sector instability. Spillovers to the rest of the world would operate primarily through lower demand and potentially renewed supply chain problems." }, { - "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "1e46bf7c5134da75e3a2aae852d7bddf", + "type": "ListItem", + "element_id": "4e2bc46d4988ddde43a4f295d1d458c2", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf", @@ -3919,13 +2929,13 @@ "date_modified": "2023-02-14T07:31:28" }, "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 11 + "page_number": 8 }, - "text": "12 12" + "text": "vulnerability, particularly for Europe and lower-income countries. Europe is facing lower-than- anticipated gas prices, having stored enough gas to make shortages unlikely this winter. However, refilling storage with much-diminished Russian flows will be challenging ahead of next winter, particularly if it is a very cold one and China’s energy demand picks up, causing price spikes. A possible increase in food prices from a failed extension of the Black Sea grain initiative would put further pressure on lower-income countries that are experiencing food insecurity and have limited budgetary room to cushion the impact on households and businesses. With elevated food and fuel prices, social unrest may increase." }, { - "type": "Title", - "element_id": "4255f2d53f6408c450b02b249d53c220", + "type": "ListItem", + "element_id": "e3b0c44298fc1c149afbf4c8996fb924", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf", @@ -3937,13 +2947,13 @@ "date_modified": "2023-02-14T07:31:28" }, "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 11 + "page_number": 8 }, - "text": "United States Euro area China Other AEs Other EMs" + "text": "" }, { - "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "c81a1234a265c680bbc9e96e73073acd", + "type": "ListItem", + "element_id": "2d14934d52ff357c52e9ae1c38f7390e", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf", @@ -3955,13 +2965,13 @@ "date_modified": "2023-02-14T07:31:28" }, "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 11 + "page_number": 8 }, - "text": "14 16 14" + "text": "Debt distress: Since October, sovereign spreads for emerging market and developing economies have modestly declined on the back of an easing in global financial conditions (Box 1) and dollar depreciation. About 15 percent of low-income countries are estimated to be in debt distress, with an additional 45 percent at high risk of debt distress and about 25 percent of emerging market economies also at high risk. The combination of high debt levels from the pandemic, lower growth, and higher borrowing costs exacerbates the vulnerability of these economies, especially those with significant near-term dollar financing needs. Inflation persisting: Persistent labor market tightness could translate into stronger-than-expected wage growth. Higher-than-expected oil, gas, and food prices from the war in Ukraine or from a faster rebound in China’s growth could again raise headline inflation and pass through into underlying inflation. Such developments could cause inflation expectations to de-anchor and require an even tighter monetary policy." }, { - "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "b17ef6d19c7a5b1ee83b907c595526dc", + "type": "ListItem", + "element_id": "4ce40bcfac131ab024e535bf860f9495", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf", @@ -3973,13 +2983,13 @@ "date_modified": "2023-02-14T07:31:28" }, "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 11 + "page_number": 8 }, - "text": "16" + "text": " Sudden financial market repricing: A premature easing in financial conditions in response to lower headline inflation data could complicate anti-inflation policies and necessitate additional monetary tightening. For the same reason, unfavorable inflation data releases could trigger sudden repricing of assets and increase volatility in financial markets. Such movements could strain liquidity and the functioning of critical markets, with ripple effects on the real economy." }, { - "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "99cb7a0185216a0acb0ed918e7058868", + "type": "ListItem", + "element_id": "75bd22ee0ba778cc3a616ed0a9b42292", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf", @@ -3991,13 +3001,13 @@ "date_modified": "2023-02-14T07:31:28" }, "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 11 + "page_number": 8 }, - "text": "18 18" + "text": "Geopolitical fragmentation: The war in Ukraine and the related international sanctions aimed at  pressuring Russia to end hostilities are splitting the world economy into blocs and reinforcing" }, { - "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "0c5e98c11d7bb005adbaf731ebfbbb2c", + "type": "ListItem", + "element_id": "d1c38e022e1b399f4203ee41c6dc4e43", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf", @@ -4009,13 +3019,13 @@ "date_modified": "2023-02-14T07:31:28" }, "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 11 + "page_number": 8 }, - "text": "20 22 22" + "text": "pressuring Russia to end hostilities are splitting the world economy into blocs and reinforcing earlier geopolitical tensions, such as those associated with the US-China trade dispute." }, { - "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "f5ca38f748a1d6eaf726b8a42fb575c3", + "type": "ListItem", + "element_id": "7250b07d7951c2b7b39c79195f4e69e7", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf", @@ -4027,13 +3037,13 @@ "date_modified": "2023-02-14T07:31:28" }, "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 11 + "page_number": 8 }, - "text": "20" + "text": "International Monetary Fund | January 2023. 7" }, { "type": "Title", - "element_id": "53d79cec96694df67ce3baff95d8a2e3", + "element_id": "95af4f3feb2d03b2310ce31abc0c435d", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf", @@ -4045,13 +3055,13 @@ "date_modified": "2023-02-14T07:31:28" }, "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 11 + "page_number": 9 }, - "text": "October 2022 GFSR" + "text": "WORLD ECONOMIC OUTLOOK UPDATE, JANUARY 2023" }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "e118be83abfed92b8969eca98bb4d53b", + "element_id": "6684fee3e3cd949ec59e7444a0c3fd0c", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf", @@ -4063,13 +3073,13 @@ "date_modified": "2023-02-14T07:31:28" }, "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 11 + "page_number": 9 }, - "text": "Slowing aggregate demand and weaker-than-expected inflation prints in some major advanced economies have prompted investors’ anticipation of a further reduction in the pace of future policy rate hikes. Corporate earnings forecasts have been cut due to headwinds from slowing demand, and margins have contracted across most regions. In addition, survey-based probabilities of recession have been increasing, particularly in the United States and Europe. However, upside risks to the inflation outlook remain. Despite the recent moderation in headline inflation, core inflation remains stubbornly high across most regions, labor markets are still tight, energy prices remain pressured by Russia’s ongoing war in Ukraine, and supply chain disruptions may reappear. To keep these risks in check, financial conditions will likely need to tighten further. If not, central banks may need to increase policy rates even more in order to achieve their inflation objectives." + "text": "Fragmentation could intensify—with more restrictions on cross-border movements of capital, workers, and international payments—and could hamper multilateral cooperation on providing global public goods.1 The costs of such fragmentation are especially high in the short term, as replacing disrupted cross-border flows takes time." }, { - "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "e7f6c011776e8db7cd330b54174fd76f", + "type": "Title", + "element_id": "a81cc4e3ca23fd16254e2b858cdcb00a", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf", @@ -4081,13 +3091,13 @@ "date_modified": "2023-02-14T07:31:28" }, "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 11 + "page_number": 9 }, - "text": "6" + "text": "Policy Priorities" }, { - "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "ef2d127de37b942baad06145e54b0c61", + "type": "NarrativeText", + "element_id": "1c464362698203e7245bdaf33c388a80", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf", @@ -4099,13 +3109,13 @@ "date_modified": "2023-02-14T07:31:28" }, "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 11 + "page_number": 9 }, - "text": "5" + "text": "Securing global disinflation: For most economies, the priority remains achieving a sustained reduction in inflation toward target levels. Raising real policy rates and keeping them above their neutral levels until underlying inflation is clearly declining would ward off risks of inflation expectations de- anchoring. Clear central bank communication and appropriate reactions to shifts in the data will help keep inflation expectations anchored and lessen wage and price pressures. Central banks’ balance sheets will need to be unwound carefully, amid market liquidity risks. Gradual and steady fiscal tightening would contribute to cooling demand and limit the burden on monetary policy in the fight against inflation. In countries where output remains below potential and inflation is in check, maintaining monetary and fiscal accommodation may be appropriate." }, { - "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "4b227777d4dd1fc61c6f884f48641d02", + "type": "NarrativeText", + "element_id": "d6138134f71f953a9da2083154e2629e", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf", @@ -4117,13 +3127,13 @@ "date_modified": "2023-02-14T07:31:28" }, "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 11 + "page_number": 9 }, - "text": "4" + "text": "Containing the reemergence of COVID-19: Addressing the ongoing pandemic requires coordinated efforts to boost vaccination and medicine access in countries where coverage remains low as well as the deployment of pandemic preparedness measures—including a global push toward sequencing and sharing data. In China, focusing vaccination efforts on vulnerable groups and maintaining sufficiently high coverage of boosters and antiviral medicines would minimize the risks of severe health outcomes and safeguard the recovery, with favorable cross-border spillovers." }, { - "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "4e07408562bedb8b60ce05c1decfe3ad", + "type": "NarrativeText", + "element_id": "2457fbbf5aa862b5a8b45d070f9114cb", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf", @@ -4135,13 +3145,13 @@ "date_modified": "2023-02-14T07:31:28" }, "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 11 + "page_number": 9 }, - "text": "3" + "text": "Ensuring financial stability: Depending on country circumstances, macroprudential tools can be used to tackle pockets of elevated financial sector vulnerabilities. Monitoring housing sector developments and conducting stress tests in economies where house prices have increased significantly over the past few years are warranted. In China, central government action to resolve the property crisis and reduce the risk of spillovers to financial stability and growth is a priority, including by strengthening temporary mechanisms to protect presale homebuyers from the risk of non-delivery and by restructuring troubled developers. Globally, financial sector regulations introduced after the global financial crisis have contributed to the resilience of banking sectors throughout the pandemic, but there is a need to address data and supervisory gaps in the less-regulated nonbank financial sector, where risks may have built up inconspicuously. Recent turmoil in the crypto space also highlights the urgent need to introduce common standards and reinforce oversight of crypto assets." }, { - "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "d4735e3a265e16eee03f59718b9b5d03", + "type": "NarrativeText", + "element_id": "bcef6ce9e3d4c015db21955dc4f6ce42", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf", @@ -4153,13 +3163,13 @@ "date_modified": "2023-02-14T07:31:28" }, "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 11 + "page_number": 9 }, - "text": "2" + "text": "Restoring debt sustainability: Lower growth and higher borrowing costs have raised public debt ratios in several economies. Where debt is unsustainable, implementing restructuring or reprofiling early on as part of a package of reforms (including fiscal consolidation and growth-enhancing supply-side reforms) can avert the need for more disruptive adjustment later." }, { - "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "6b86b273ff34fce19d6b804eff5a3f57", + "type": "NarrativeText", + "element_id": "defb87cb8f10236768732a1e5fe9519f", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf", @@ -4171,13 +3181,13 @@ "date_modified": "2023-02-14T07:31:28" }, "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 11 + "page_number": 9 }, - "text": "1" + "text": "Supporting the vulnerable: The surge in global energy and food prices triggered a cost-of-living crisis. Governments acted swiftly with support to households and firms, which helped cushion effects on growth and at times limited the pass-through from energy prices to headline inflation through price" }, { - "type": "Title", - "element_id": "6ef230728534d871e5126e2a55e12b26", + "type": "NarrativeText", + "element_id": "bda037ffd6adfee8afa08544ca03a391", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf", @@ -4189,13 +3199,13 @@ "date_modified": "2023-02-14T07:31:28" }, "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 11 + "page_number": 9 }, - "text": "Figure 1.2. Market-Implied Expectations of Policy Rates (Percent)" + "text": "1 See “Geo-Economic Fragmentation and the Future of Multilateralism,” IMF Staff Discussion Note 2023/001." }, { - "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "3e48114b7946f4dd7a12ae0b2c1121af", + "type": "Footer", + "element_id": "a9811a5a7bebc1f7a97bf6ca7ca5c890", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf", @@ -4207,13 +3217,13 @@ "date_modified": "2023-02-14T07:31:28" }, "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 11 + "page_number": 9 }, - "text": "© ——" + "text": "8 International Monetary Fund | January 2023" }, { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "7d4f55875c970d850a152ba1d5ba02a5", + "type": "Title", + "element_id": "95af4f3feb2d03b2310ce31abc0c435d", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf", @@ -4225,13 +3235,13 @@ "date_modified": "2023-02-14T07:31:28" }, "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 11 + "page_number": 10 }, - "text": "1. United States" + "text": "WORLD ECONOMIC OUTLOOK UPDATE, JANUARY 2023" }, { - "type": "Title", - "element_id": "8730d3c2022abf1f9665e4ca1da43e4d", + "type": "NarrativeText", + "element_id": "2e9a0eaddd75095d1bbb4fda6f2c4feb", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf", @@ -4243,13 +3253,13 @@ "date_modified": "2023-02-14T07:31:28" }, "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 11 + "page_number": 10 }, - "text": "Latest" + "text": "controls. The temporary and broad-based measures are becoming increasingly costly and should be withdrawn and replaced by targeted approaches. Preserving the energy price signal will encourage a reduction in energy consumption and limit the risks of shortages. Targeting can be achieved through social safety nets such as cash transfers to eligible households based on income or demographics or by transfers through electricity companies based on past energy consumption. Subsidies should be temporary and offset by revenue-generating measures, including one-time solidarity taxes on high- income households and companies, where appropriate." }, { - "type": "Title", - "element_id": "53d79cec96694df67ce3baff95d8a2e3", + "type": "NarrativeText", + "element_id": "da0ef04b13917f67583290e9ba57e375", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf", @@ -4261,13 +3271,13 @@ "date_modified": "2023-02-14T07:31:28" }, "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 11 + "page_number": 10 }, - "text": "October 2022 GFSR" + "text": "Reinforcing supply: Supply-side policies could address the key structural factors impeding growth— including market power, rent seeking, rigid regulation and planning, and inefficient education—and could help build resilience, reduce bottlenecks, and alleviate price pressures. A concerted push for investment along the supply chain of green energy technologies would bolster energy security and help advance progress on the green transition." }, { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "8e655408cf212df5f74df13e05cdf02c", + "type": "NarrativeText", + "element_id": "9b451c78081780087a0e1e67cc0eaa1d", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf", @@ -4279,13 +3289,13 @@ "date_modified": "2023-02-14T07:31:28" }, "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 11 + "page_number": 10 }, - "text": "2. Euro area" + "text": "Strengthening multilateral cooperation—Urgent action is needed to limit the risks stemming from geopolitical fragmentation and to ensure cooperation on fundamental areas of common interest:" }, { - "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "ef2d127de37b942baad06145e54b0c61", + "type": "ListItem", + "element_id": "bd2ec14b604696a7f47651e97a351d31", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf", @@ -4297,13 +3307,13 @@ "date_modified": "2023-02-14T07:31:28" }, "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 11 + "page_number": 10 }, - "text": "5" + "text": "e = Restraining the pandemic: Global coordination is needed to resolve bottlenecks in the global distribution of vaccines and treatments. Public support for the development of new vaccine technologies and the design of systematic responses to future epidemics also remains essential." }, { - "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "4b227777d4dd1fc61c6f884f48641d02", + "type": "NarrativeText", + "element_id": "add6f9f296b6a99cf0ef86162b3c9cfc", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf", @@ -4315,13 +3325,13 @@ "date_modified": "2023-02-14T07:31:28" }, "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 11 + "page_number": 10 }, - "text": "4" + "text": "distribution of vaccines and treatments. Public support for the development of new vaccine technologies and the design of systematic responses to future epidemics also remains essential.  Addressing debt distress: Progress has been made for countries that requested debt treatment under the Group of Twenty’s Common Framework initiative, and more will be needed to strengthen it. It is also necessary to agree on mechanisms to resolve debt in a broader set of economies, including middle-income countries that are not eligible under the Common Framework. Non– Paris Club and private creditors have a crucial role to play in ensuring coordinated, effective, and timely debt resolution processes." }, { - "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "4e07408562bedb8b60ce05c1decfe3ad", + "type": "ListItem", + "element_id": "e0ee0812ef9249e53d6425e299200f5c", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf", @@ -4333,13 +3343,13 @@ "date_modified": "2023-02-14T07:31:28" }, "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 11 + "page_number": 10 }, - "text": "3" + "text": "e — Strengthening global trade: Strengthening the global trading system would address risks associated with trade fragmentation. This can be achieved by rolling back restrictions on food exports and other essential items such as medicine, upgrading World Trade Organization (WTO) rules in critical areas such as agricultural and industrial subsidies, concluding and implementing new WTO-based agreements, and fully restoring the WTO dispute settlement system." }, { - "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "d4735e3a265e16eee03f59718b9b5d03", + "type": "ListItem", + "element_id": "a5751b5964fbbc37b14db4811aeb37f4", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf", @@ -4351,13 +3361,13 @@ "date_modified": "2023-02-14T07:31:28" }, "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 11 + "page_number": 10 }, - "text": "2" + "text": " Using the global financial safety net: With the cascading of shocks to the global economy, using the global financial safety net to its fullest extent is appropriate, including by proactively utilizing the IMF’s precautionary financial arrangements and channeling aid from the international community to low-income countries facing shocks." }, { - "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "6b86b273ff34fce19d6b804eff5a3f57", + "type": "ListItem", + "element_id": "0a4c2d76937c64308220b20382ea68c6", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf", @@ -4369,13 +3379,13 @@ "date_modified": "2023-02-14T07:31:28" }, "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 11 + "page_number": 10 }, - "text": "1" + "text": "e Speeding the green transition: To meet governments’ climate change goals, it is necessary to swiftly implement credible mitigation policies. International coordination on carbon pricing or equivalent policies would facilitate faster decarbonization. Global cooperation is needed to build resilience to climate shocks, including through aid to vulnerable countries." }, { - "type": "Title", - "element_id": "49cf8421218222b21a0fc54ffce584c9", + "type": "ListItem", + "element_id": "cbb9553ae9412cc864f9f254b47c3efc", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf", @@ -4387,13 +3397,13 @@ "date_modified": "2023-02-14T07:31:28" }, "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 11 + "page_number": 10 }, - "text": "Oct. 22" + "text": "International Monetary Fund | January 2023 9" }, { - "type": "Title", - "element_id": "24a234895630131d612fc1b4605a256e", + "type": "Image", + "element_id": "0e1f5e74082ed333d383fa20680f0909", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf", @@ -4407,11 +3417,11 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 11 }, - "text": "Apr. 23" + "text": "BOX 1. GLOBAL FINANCIAL STABILITY UPDATE" }, { - "type": "Title", - "element_id": "914e31edcbd035dbe9f1cfb7b29089a9", + "type": "NarrativeText", + "element_id": "a2fa3a13e51ab7dd0859ee2c869b70e5", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf", @@ -4425,11 +3435,11 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 11 }, - "text": "Oct. 23" + "text": "Overall, financial stability risks remain elevated as investors reassess their inflation and monetary policy outlook. Global financial conditions have eased somewhat since the October 2022 Global Financial Stability Report, driven largely by changing market expectations regarding the interest rate cycle (Figure 1.1). While the expected peak in policy rates—the terminal rate—has risen, markets now also expect the subsequent fall in rates will be significantly faster, and further, than what was forecast in October (Figure 1.2). As a result, global bond yields have recently declined, corporate spreads have tightened, and equity markets have rebounded. That said, central banks are likely to continue to tighten monetary policy to fight inflation, and concerns that this restrictive stance could tip the economy into a recession have increased in major advanced economies." }, { - "type": "Title", - "element_id": "d8478f45b9790d52201238244d0e9698", + "type": "NarrativeText", + "element_id": "f79a09409db68af141e82d9ac113ded8", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf", @@ -4443,11 +3453,11 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 11 }, - "text": "Dec. 24" + "text": "Figure 1.1. Global Financial Conditions: Selected Regions (Standard deviations from mean)" }, { - "type": "Title", - "element_id": "fe1cc1c654c8a4fde402cfe2426326ef", + "type": "Image", + "element_id": "cdd008e3fd865bb8022a5facb083484d", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf", @@ -4461,11 +3471,11 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 11 }, - "text": "Dec. 26" + "text": " 7 United States Qclober 6 Euro area 2022 : —— China GFSR — other AEs 4 other EMs 3 2 1 0 " }, { - "type": "Title", - "element_id": "49cf8421218222b21a0fc54ffce584c9", + "type": "FigureCaption", + "element_id": "d78f392a386b26aa260548d71936abff", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf", @@ -4479,11 +3489,11 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 11 }, - "text": "Oct. 22" + "text": "Sources: Bloomberg Finance L.P.; Haver Analytics; national data sources; and IMF staff calculations. Note: AEs = advanced economies; EMs = emerging markets. GFSR = Global Financial Stability Report." }, { - "type": "Title", - "element_id": "24a234895630131d612fc1b4605a256e", + "type": "NarrativeText", + "element_id": "e118be83abfed92b8969eca98bb4d53b", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf", @@ -4497,11 +3507,11 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 11 }, - "text": "Apr. 23" + "text": "Slowing aggregate demand and weaker-than-expected inflation prints in some major advanced economies have prompted investors’ anticipation of a further reduction in the pace of future policy rate hikes. Corporate earnings forecasts have been cut due to headwinds from slowing demand, and margins have contracted across most regions. In addition, survey-based probabilities of recession have been increasing, particularly in the United States and Europe. However, upside risks to the inflation outlook remain. Despite the recent moderation in headline inflation, core inflation remains stubbornly high across most regions, labor markets are still tight, energy prices remain pressured by Russia’s ongoing war in Ukraine, and supply chain disruptions may reappear. To keep these risks in check, financial conditions will likely need to tighten further. If not, central banks may need to increase policy rates even more in order to achieve their inflation objectives." }, { "type": "Title", - "element_id": "914e31edcbd035dbe9f1cfb7b29089a9", + "element_id": "6ef230728534d871e5126e2a55e12b26", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf", @@ -4515,11 +3525,11 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 11 }, - "text": "Oct. 23" + "text": "Figure 1.2. Market-Implied Expectations of Policy Rates (Percent)" }, { - "type": "Title", - "element_id": "d8478f45b9790d52201238244d0e9698", + "type": "Image", + "element_id": "9a335b9a7fd0ccd069211c60419252fc", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf", @@ -4533,11 +3543,11 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 11 }, - "text": "Dec. 24" + "text": " Latest © —— October 2022 GFSR 6 1. United States 2. Euro area 5 1 1 Oct. Apr. Oct. Dec. Dec. Oct. Apr. Oct. Dec. Dec. 22 23 23 24 26 22 2B 2B 24 2 " }, { - "type": "Title", - "element_id": "fe1cc1c654c8a4fde402cfe2426326ef", + "type": "NarrativeText", + "element_id": "da431b9817da923cc48a538c4b3b8ade", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf", @@ -4551,11 +3561,11 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 11 }, - "text": "Dec. 26" + "text": "Given the tension between rising recession risks and monetary policy uncertainty, markets have seen significant volatility. While many central banks in advanced economies have stepped down the size of hikes, they have also explicitly stated they will need to keep rates higher, for a longer period of time, to tamp down inflation. Risk assets could face significant declines if earnings retrench further or if investors reassess their outlook for monetary policy given central bank communications. Globally, the partial reversal of the dollar rally has contributed to recent easing due to improved risk appetite, and some emerging market central banks have paused tightening amid tentative signs that inflation may have peaked." }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "2dd1b91ebd6543b4902626a579552919", + "element_id": "d073e054fbe8931eb0e200b268710187", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf", @@ -4569,7 +3579,7 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 11 }, - "text": "Given the tension between rising recession risks and monetary policy uncertainty, markets have seen significant volatility. While many central banks in advanced economies have stepped down the size of hikes, they have also explicitly stated they will need to keep rates higher, for a longer period of time, to tamp down inflation. Risk assets could face significant declines if earnings retrench further or if investors reassess their outlook for monetary policy given central bank communications. Globally, the partial reversal of the dollar rally has contributed to recent easing due to improved risk appetite, and some emerging market central banks have paused tightening amid tentative signs that inflation may have peaked." + "text": "Sources: Bloomberg Finance L.P.; and IMF staff calculations. Note: GFSR = Global Financial Stability Report." }, { "type": "NarrativeText", @@ -4590,7 +3600,7 @@ "text": "Financial market volatility is expected to remain elevated and could be exacerbated by poor market liquidity. For some asset classes (such as US Treasuries), liquidity has deteriorated to the March 2020 lows of the COVID-19 pandemic. With the process of central bank balance sheet reduction (quantitative tightening) underway, market liquidity is expected to remain challenging." }, { - "type": "Title", + "type": "ListItem", "element_id": "bab943d841e99d44807adb96ef9ef925", "metadata": { "data_source": { @@ -4608,8 +3618,8 @@ "text": "10 — International Monetary Fund | January 2023" }, { - "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "09b3166aab28edac8872d46b3b34ab02", + "type": "NarrativeText", + "element_id": "06d12185958a014c0c9d6afeab7426c2", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf", diff --git a/test_unstructured_ingest/expected-structured-output/s3/small-pdf-set/Silent-Giant-(1).pdf.json b/test_unstructured_ingest/expected-structured-output/s3/small-pdf-set/Silent-Giant-(1).pdf.json index fc40f88495..095afab414 100644 --- a/test_unstructured_ingest/expected-structured-output/s3/small-pdf-set/Silent-Giant-(1).pdf.json +++ b/test_unstructured_ingest/expected-structured-output/s3/small-pdf-set/Silent-Giant-(1).pdf.json @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ [ { "type": "Title", - "element_id": "57eef8242d3675c93268fde018dc9df3", + "element_id": "14547603bad3329c14c74b8c4e2ff8d9", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/Silent-Giant-(1).pdf", @@ -15,11 +15,11 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 1 }, - "text": "WORLD NUCLEAR //s88ciation" + "text": "//s88ciation" }, { "type": "Title", - "element_id": "9f8388cf868cb29d273fdd7328642ff8", + "element_id": "80f1cd7f1c8e281093a32842b1e5bbce", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/Silent-Giant-(1).pdf", @@ -33,11 +33,11 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 1 }, - "text": "The Silent Giant" + "text": "WORLD NUCLEAR" }, { "type": "Title", - "element_id": "f439367da08e61523302e29f153007e0", + "element_id": "51174df4a3a78fe261885b1818b66876", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/Silent-Giant-(1).pdf", @@ -51,11 +51,11 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 1 }, - "text": "The need for nuclear in a clean energy system" + "text": "The Silent Giant" }, { - "type": "Title", - "element_id": "53d548aa01fc3eb72da15a5be7f235e2", + "type": "NarrativeText", + "element_id": "e2b1006b190b699d597fdb0f1d73f8f9", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/Silent-Giant-(1).pdf", @@ -67,13 +67,13 @@ "date_modified": "2023-02-12T10:10:36" }, "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 3 + "page_number": 1 }, - "text": "Executive Summary" + "text": "The need for nuclear in a clean energy system" }, { - "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "1f4925fb064910ee923ccc1f6b20715b", + "type": "Title", + "element_id": "2fa985d0a50e61b09ec22c447cc4b2c9", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/Silent-Giant-(1).pdf", @@ -87,11 +87,11 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 3 }, - "text": "In a world centred on short-term fixes, many of the traits that make nuclear energy a key player in the transition to a sustainable world are not properly valued and often taken for granted. Reflecting on the popular discourse in the world of energy politics it would seem that renewables, and renewables alone, will be responsible for, and capable of, delivering a zero-carbon energy system – and that it is just a matter of time." + "text": "Executive Summary" }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "46385c950e7da4d8e588686a541335c2", + "element_id": "1f4925fb064910ee923ccc1f6b20715b", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/Silent-Giant-(1).pdf", @@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 3 }, - "text": "The reality today is that both global carbon dioxide emissions and fossil fuel use are still on the rise. This does not only make the battle against climate change much harder, but also results in hundreds of thousands of pollution deaths every year." + "text": "In a world centred on short-term fixes, many of the traits that make nuclear energy a key player in the transition to a sustainable world are not properly valued and often taken for granted. Reflecting on the popular discourse in the world of energy politics it would seem that renewables, and renewables alone, will be responsible for, and capable of, delivering a zero-carbon energy system – and that it is just a matter of time." }, { "type": "NarrativeText", @@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "ae77460bce2d3a52d823954ccb9c708f", + "element_id": "46385c950e7da4d8e588686a541335c2", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/Silent-Giant-(1).pdf", @@ -141,11 +141,11 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 3 }, - "text": "Energy is the essential agent for promoting human development, and global demand is projected to increase significantly in the coming decades. Securing access to modern and affordable energy is essential for lifting people out of poverty, and for promoting energy independence and economic growth." + "text": "The reality today is that both global carbon dioxide emissions and fossil fuel use are still on the rise. This does not only make the battle against climate change much harder, but also results in hundreds of thousands of pollution deaths every year." }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "c6d2fa859e6df9845dee4044d05ddbc5", + "element_id": "ae77460bce2d3a52d823954ccb9c708f", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/Silent-Giant-(1).pdf", @@ -159,11 +159,11 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 3 }, - "text": "Nuclear energy has shown – be it in France or Sweden – that it has the potential to be the catalyst for delivering sustainable energy transitions, long before climate change was on the agenda. The use of nuclear energy is the fast track to a high-powered and clean energy system, which not only delivers a healthier environment and an affordable supply of electricity, but also strengthens energy security and helps mitigate climate change." + "text": "Energy is the essential agent for promoting human development, and global demand is projected to increase significantly in the coming decades. Securing access to modern and affordable energy is essential for lifting people out of poverty, and for promoting energy independence and economic growth." }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "e055395659c9e1aa4d5c0afb188e4a9e", + "element_id": "c6d2fa859e6df9845dee4044d05ddbc5", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/Silent-Giant-(1).pdf", @@ -177,11 +177,11 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 3 }, - "text": "The global nuclear industry, led by World Nuclear Association, is ready to take on the challenge. As part of the Harmony Programme, we have set a target to build an additional 1000GWe of reactors across the world before 2050, bringing the global share of electricity production of nuclear to 25%." + "text": "Nuclear energy has shown – be it in France or Sweden – that it has the potential to be the catalyst for delivering sustainable energy transitions, long before climate change was on the agenda. The use of nuclear energy is the fast track to a high-powered and clean energy system, which not only delivers a healthier environment and an affordable supply of electricity, but also strengthens energy security and helps mitigate climate change." }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "33a2aba13d6b228d8d6f792f16caa684", + "element_id": "e055395659c9e1aa4d5c0afb188e4a9e", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/Silent-Giant-(1).pdf", @@ -195,11 +195,11 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 3 }, - "text": "In order to realise the full potential of nuclear energy we have identified three key areas where actions are required:" + "text": "The global nuclear industry, led by World Nuclear Association, is ready to take on the challenge. As part of the Harmony Programme, we have set a target to build an additional 1000GWe of reactors across the world before 2050, bringing the global share of electricity production of nuclear to 25%." }, { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "e18242a460d9d495ea7cffee38c1e647", + "type": "NarrativeText", + "element_id": "33a2aba13d6b228d8d6f792f16caa684", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/Silent-Giant-(1).pdf", @@ -213,11 +213,11 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 3 }, - "text": "° The need to create a level playing field that values reliability and energy security ° The need for harmony in the nuclear regulatory environment ° The need for a holistic safety paradigm for the whole electricity system." + "text": "In order to realise the full potential of nuclear energy we have identified three key areas where actions are required:" }, { - "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "6b86b273ff34fce19d6b804eff5a3f57", + "type": "ListItem", + "element_id": "9209d9a3c8ea19bed487dff9476428ee", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/Silent-Giant-(1).pdf", @@ -231,11 +231,11 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 3 }, - "text": "1" + "text": "• The need to create a level playing field that values reliability and energy security" }, { - "type": "Title", - "element_id": "257fa04b9d79fc46da551d720411595a", + "type": "ListItem", + "element_id": "ae74ee3ddcecd2ffb75672d469c80a0e", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/Silent-Giant-(1).pdf", @@ -247,13 +247,13 @@ "date_modified": "2023-02-12T10:10:36" }, "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 4 + "page_number": 3 }, - "text": "The drivers for a clean energy system" + "text": "• The need for harmony in the nuclear regulatory environment" }, { - "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "ca18f74506ddc1bca89179259f3ff4cb", + "type": "ListItem", + "element_id": "93e7dedc9d334470067ad2de1f9ee788", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/Silent-Giant-(1).pdf", @@ -265,13 +265,13 @@ "date_modified": "2023-02-12T10:10:36" }, "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 4 + "page_number": 3 }, - "text": "Electricity is central to modern life – it powers our daily lives, as well as our dreams and ambitions. Demand has grown steadily for more than 100 years, and will continue to do so as many parts of the world continue to develop, and electrification takes a central role in efforts to decarbonize (Figure 1). With nearly a billion people around the world still living in the dark, without access to electricity, humanity has a responsibility to learn from the past - everyone has the right to enjoy a modern lifestyle in a way that does not cause harm to people or the planet." + "text": "The need for a holistic safety paradigm for the whole electricity system." }, { - "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "b4af08fb653ae7dea99f3a48c2ff7f5d", + "type": "Footer", + "element_id": "6b86b273ff34fce19d6b804eff5a3f57", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/Silent-Giant-(1).pdf", @@ -283,13 +283,13 @@ "date_modified": "2023-02-12T10:10:36" }, "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 4 + "page_number": 3 }, - "text": "45,000" + "text": "1" }, { "type": "Title", - "element_id": "e29786b8cc565a047639f24f7171c30f", + "element_id": "257fa04b9d79fc46da551d720411595a", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/Silent-Giant-(1).pdf", @@ -303,11 +303,11 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 4 }, - "text": " Marine" + "text": "The drivers for a clean energy system" }, { - "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "9925953f1faef050547e5f7b811c3f7d", + "type": "NarrativeText", + "element_id": "ca18f74506ddc1bca89179259f3ff4cb", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/Silent-Giant-(1).pdf", @@ -321,11 +321,11 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 4 }, - "text": "40,000" + "text": "Electricity is central to modern life – it powers our daily lives, as well as our dreams and ambitions. Demand has grown steadily for more than 100 years, and will continue to do so as many parts of the world continue to develop, and electrification takes a central role in efforts to decarbonize (Figure 1). With nearly a billion people around the world still living in the dark, without access to electricity, humanity has a responsibility to learn from the past - everyone has the right to enjoy a modern lifestyle in a way that does not cause harm to people or the planet." }, { - "type": "Title", - "element_id": "d04999bf99ea28fc8a6b20318caac58c", + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "b4af08fb653ae7dea99f3a48c2ff7f5d", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/Silent-Giant-(1).pdf", @@ -339,7 +339,7 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 4 }, - "text": " CSP" + "text": "45,000" }, { "type": "Title", @@ -360,8 +360,8 @@ "text": "h W T" }, { - "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "4ebe55cc1aee6dd892d7182d797d105a", + "type": "Image", + "element_id": "d5aedf7912dfff3c661af8cd17426bac", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/Silent-Giant-(1).pdf", @@ -375,11 +375,11 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 4 }, - "text": "35,000" + "text": "45,000 © Marine 40,000 M™@ csp 35,000 zz Solar PV Geothermal 30,000 ~ Mi Wind 25,000 — Il Bioenergy 20,000 = BB Hydro Nuclear 15,000 — Gas 10,000 — oi 5,000 __ Coal 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040" }, { "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "422f240e43a3226f329ba4a0236f587c", + "element_id": "81a83544cf93c245178cbc1620030f11", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/Silent-Giant-(1).pdf", @@ -393,11 +393,11 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 4 }, - "text": "30,000" + "text": "2000" }, { "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "c7e6673590d2426f635c9be70bd8f057", + "element_id": "7d12ba56e9f8b3dc64f77c87318c4f37", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/Silent-Giant-(1).pdf", @@ -411,11 +411,11 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 4 }, - "text": "25,000" + "text": "2010" }, { "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "b6b53b7d4224992f9aa86411bbc3f74b", + "element_id": "73a2af8864fc500fa49048bf3003776c", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/Silent-Giant-(1).pdf", @@ -429,11 +429,11 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 4 }, - "text": "20,000" + "text": "2020" }, { "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "b2ee3509c1fa4f9741f894e592bda9ac", + "element_id": "8e1f192fe25ad49be764c3f55c68beb3", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/Silent-Giant-(1).pdf", @@ -447,11 +447,11 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 4 }, - "text": "15,000" + "text": "2030" }, { "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "28ec039832f5bc96c2be0eaee016dafe", + "element_id": "df34d853f2f2f1f14b92359f695426dc", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/Silent-Giant-(1).pdf", @@ -465,11 +465,11 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 4 }, - "text": "10,000" + "text": "2040" }, { - "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "b2008c37ee3a7cf7ba87f5ad50dd9e11", + "type": "FigureCaption", + "element_id": "578e73d091a9463a76ea7502a6a92503", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/Silent-Giant-(1).pdf", @@ -483,11 +483,11 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 4 }, - "text": "5,000" + "text": "Figure 1. IEA projected electricity production and sources to 2040 i" }, { - "type": "Title", - "element_id": "4a60bf7d4bc1e485744cf7e8d0860524", + "type": "NarrativeText", + "element_id": "427b54db6e4b434f92954bc67db93473", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/Silent-Giant-(1).pdf", @@ -501,11 +501,11 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 4 }, - "text": "zz" + "text": "The challenge before us, however, goes far beyond just electricity – we will need to find ways to decarbonize all parts of the economy, and we need solutions that are sustainable in the long-term. That means changing the way we heat our homes and power our industrial processes, as well as ensuring that the way we travel, export our products and ship our food moves away from fossil fuels." }, { - "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "7ace431cb61584cb9b8dc7ec08cf38ac", + "type": "NarrativeText", + "element_id": "92f6fd6a561b87154049d083b93b611d", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/Silent-Giant-(1).pdf", @@ -519,11 +519,11 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 4 }, - "text": "~" + "text": "Despite the very considerable efforts to decarbonize the economy and the countless billions spent, our world remains heavily addicted to fossil fuels. The trend is clear – instead of reducing our dependence on fossil fuels, we are increasing it (Figure 2). As a direct result, greenhouse gas emissions continue to rise when they need to drastically fall." }, { - "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "bda050585a00f0f6cb502350559d7553", + "type": "Title", + "element_id": "a5d60fc4dbbd484074d8389c35703cf7", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/Silent-Giant-(1).pdf", @@ -537,11 +537,11 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 4 }, - "text": "—" + "text": "h W G" }, { - "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "380918b946a526640a40df5dced65167", + "type": "Image", + "element_id": "81fe4504e383e98273c4a560382d82ee", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/Silent-Giant-(1).pdf", @@ -555,11 +555,11 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 4 }, - "text": "=" + "text": "30,000,000 |_| High-carbon HE Low-carbon 25,000,000 20,000,000 15,000,000 10,000,000 5,000,000 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015" }, { "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "bda050585a00f0f6cb502350559d7553", + "element_id": "a7be8e1fe282a37cd666e0632b17d933", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/Silent-Giant-(1).pdf", @@ -573,11 +573,11 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 4 }, - "text": "—" + "text": "1990" }, { "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "bda050585a00f0f6cb502350559d7553", + "element_id": "e78f27ab3ef177a9926e6b90e572b985", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/Silent-Giant-(1).pdf", @@ -591,65 +591,11 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 4 }, - "text": "—" + "text": "1995" }, { "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "9911f4d2b18457c4726664d309385072", - "metadata": { - "data_source": { - "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/Silent-Giant-(1).pdf", - "version": 177372694731575984083482917563244941766, - "record_locator": { - "protocol": "s3", - "remote_file_path": "utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/Silent-Giant-(1).pdf" - }, - "date_modified": "2023-02-12T10:10:36" - }, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 4 - }, - "text": "__" - }, - { - "type": "Title", - "element_id": "8af26217282646d0f64d3e3211f47512", - "metadata": { - "data_source": { - "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/Silent-Giant-(1).pdf", - "version": 177372694731575984083482917563244941766, - "record_locator": { - "protocol": "s3", - "remote_file_path": "utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/Silent-Giant-(1).pdf" - }, - "date_modified": "2023-02-12T10:10:36" - }, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 4 - }, - "text": " Solar PV" - }, - { - "type": "Title", - "element_id": "6e28663850f2b50ee6af2d4477b410be", - "metadata": { - "data_source": { - "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/Silent-Giant-(1).pdf", - "version": 177372694731575984083482917563244941766, - "record_locator": { - "protocol": "s3", - "remote_file_path": "utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/Silent-Giant-(1).pdf" - }, - "date_modified": "2023-02-12T10:10:36" - }, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 4 - }, - "text": " Geothermal" - }, - { - "type": "Title", - "element_id": "7e2f430d44cfb03dca12ffde615c36ec", + "element_id": "81a83544cf93c245178cbc1620030f11", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/Silent-Giant-(1).pdf", @@ -663,11 +609,11 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 4 }, - "text": " Wind" + "text": "2000" }, { - "type": "Title", - "element_id": "bde9df80639b681edb85ace46b4d4600", + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "a20a2b7bb0842d5cf8a0c06c626421fd", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/Silent-Giant-(1).pdf", @@ -681,11 +627,11 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 4 }, - "text": " Bioenergy" + "text": "2005" }, { - "type": "Title", - "element_id": "b449cd843dc44ab907e1e9ed9c30d92e", + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "7d12ba56e9f8b3dc64f77c87318c4f37", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/Silent-Giant-(1).pdf", @@ -699,11 +645,11 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 4 }, - "text": " Hydro" + "text": "2010" }, { - "type": "Title", - "element_id": "f35457739b3bd74c61625c986c844726", + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "a85e9db4851f7cd3efb8db7bf69a07cf", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/Silent-Giant-(1).pdf", @@ -717,11 +663,11 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 4 }, - "text": " Nuclear" + "text": "2015" }, { - "type": "Title", - "element_id": "0f3341ae76e0d4d7816d3620bd915110", + "type": "FigureCaption", + "element_id": "aa04bda99d06997f39a4b613c2c62be5", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/Silent-Giant-(1).pdf", @@ -735,11 +681,11 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 4 }, - "text": " Gas" + "text": "Figure 2. Worldwide electricity generation by fuel (1990-2016)ii" }, { - "type": "Title", - "element_id": "b001a2374d44e3085e712bb40f66270e", + "type": "Header", + "element_id": "53c234e5e8472b6ac51c1ae1cab3fe06", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/Silent-Giant-(1).pdf", @@ -753,11 +699,11 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 4 }, - "text": " Oil" + "text": "2" }, { - "type": "Title", - "element_id": "90ad0c8c14253135efd14645e0156145", + "type": "NarrativeText", + "element_id": "d841776bdfaae69274a3c8b898021653", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/Silent-Giant-(1).pdf", @@ -769,13 +715,13 @@ "date_modified": "2023-02-12T10:10:36" }, "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 4 + "page_number": 5 }, - "text": " Coal" + "text": "We need to deliver a worldwide transformation that is socially, economically and environmentally sustainable. We need a system that is affordable – no one should have to choose between heating their home, and essentials like eating – as well as helping to alleviate poverty, and ensure the realization of human potential globally. We need a power source that can not only help us mitigate the effects of climate change and environmental degradation, but can also help bring the enormous benefits of reliable electricity supply to the corners of the world that do not have access to it." }, { - "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "5feceb66ffc86f38d952786c6d696c79", + "type": "NarrativeText", + "element_id": "10a72512425bbe7a4cdd6529b0337d90", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/Silent-Giant-(1).pdf", @@ -787,13 +733,13 @@ "date_modified": "2023-02-12T10:10:36" }, "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 4 + "page_number": 5 }, - "text": "0" + "text": "Nuclear energy is already making a major contribution. By using nuclear energy rather than fossil fuels, we currently avoid the emission of more than 2500 million tonnes of carbon dioxide every year. To put that into perspective, it is the equivalent of removing about 400 million cars from the world’s roads." }, { - "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "81a83544cf93c245178cbc1620030f11", + "type": "NarrativeText", + "element_id": "030d3154a592248139651c5f8fbef1d5", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/Silent-Giant-(1).pdf", @@ -805,13 +751,13 @@ "date_modified": "2023-02-12T10:10:36" }, "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 4 + "page_number": 5 }, - "text": "2000" + "text": "Modern society is dependent on the steady supply of electricity, every day of the year – regardless of weather, season or time of day – and nuclear energy is particularly well-suited to providing this service. Given that the majority of baseload supply is fossil-based, an increase in the use of nuclear energy would result in a rapid decarbonization of the electricity system. The International Energy Agency’s (IEA) recent report III on nuclear energy highlighted the importance of dependable baseload electricity generators and the need to properly value and compensate them for the electricity security and reliability services they provide." }, { - "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "7d12ba56e9f8b3dc64f77c87318c4f37", + "type": "Footer", + "element_id": "4e07408562bedb8b60ce05c1decfe3ad", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/Silent-Giant-(1).pdf", @@ -823,13 +769,13 @@ "date_modified": "2023-02-12T10:10:36" }, "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 4 + "page_number": 5 }, - "text": "2010" + "text": "3" }, { - "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "73a2af8864fc500fa49048bf3003776c", + "type": "NarrativeText", + "element_id": "a53cecd93ffb9ec731b7974f1805e924", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/Silent-Giant-(1).pdf", @@ -841,13 +787,13 @@ "date_modified": "2023-02-12T10:10:36" }, "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 4 + "page_number": 6 }, - "text": "2020" + "text": "Despite impressive recent growth, the stark reality is that renewables alone will not be able to resolve our dependence on fossil fuels. Clearly, the sun does not always shine, and the wind does not always blow, and this is compounded by the fact that many times these periods coincide with when electricity demand is at its highest, but renewables can be complementary to nuclear energy. Storage solutions, such as batteries, will not be able to power our societies for days or weeks when the weather is not favourable. Natural gas is currently the most used solution for the intermittency problem, which only serves to reinforce our economy’s dependence of fossil fuels, and severely undermines the apparently ‘green credentials’ of many renewables." }, { - "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "8e1f192fe25ad49be764c3f55c68beb3", + "type": "Title", + "element_id": "899a2c517ba69726f3808d66f442e439", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/Silent-Giant-(1).pdf", @@ -859,13 +805,13 @@ "date_modified": "2023-02-12T10:10:36" }, "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 4 + "page_number": 6 }, - "text": "2030" + "text": "Moving to a sustainable future" }, { - "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "df34d853f2f2f1f14b92359f695426dc", + "type": "NarrativeText", + "element_id": "a8c17b6aa3cad915f2f7e0126706c2f5", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/Silent-Giant-(1).pdf", @@ -877,13 +823,13 @@ "date_modified": "2023-02-12T10:10:36" }, "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 4 + "page_number": 6 }, - "text": "2040" + "text": "The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) special report on Global Warming of 1.5°C iv examined a large number of different scenarios for limiting global warming to 1.5°C. Of those scenarios which would achieve the 1.5°C target, the mean increase in nuclear energy’s contribution to electricity production was 2.5 times higher compared to today. However, the ‘middle-of-the-road’ scenario – in which social, economic, and technological trends follow current patterns and would not require major changes to, for example, diet and travel habits – sees the need for nuclear increase by five times globally by 2050." }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "578e73d091a9463a76ea7502a6a92503", + "element_id": "7562e707e991f1fb634fff41f2cae0e4", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/Silent-Giant-(1).pdf", @@ -895,13 +841,13 @@ "date_modified": "2023-02-12T10:10:36" }, "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 4 + "page_number": 6 }, - "text": "Figure 1. IEA projected electricity production and sources to 2040 i" + "text": "The IEA has concluded that without an expanded contribution from nuclear energy, the already huge challenge of achieving emissions reductions will become drastically harder and more costly. In their latest report on nuclear energy v, published in 2019, they also conclude that not using nuclear would have negative implications for energy security and result in higher costs for the consumers. The IEA recommends policy reforms to ‘… ensure competition on a level playing field’ and that the ‘… focus should be on designing electricity markets in a way that values the clean energy and energy security attributes of low-carbon technologies, including nuclear power.’ Such reforms should also ensure that reliability of electricity production is properly valued and compensated." }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "427b54db6e4b434f92954bc67db93473", + "element_id": "1cde21cc10aa769a17ca11aa1e10823e", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/Silent-Giant-(1).pdf", @@ -913,13 +859,13 @@ "date_modified": "2023-02-12T10:10:36" }, "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 4 + "page_number": 6 }, - "text": "The challenge before us, however, goes far beyond just electricity – we will need to find ways to decarbonize all parts of the economy, and we need solutions that are sustainable in the long-term. That means changing the way we heat our homes and power our industrial processes, as well as ensuring that the way we travel, export our products and ship our food moves away from fossil fuels." + "text": "As part of the Harmony Programme, the world’s nuclear industry has identified three key policy areas for action to unlock the true potential of nuclear energy - the need for a level playing field, the harmonization of regulations and the establishment of an effective safety paradigm." }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "92f6fd6a561b87154049d083b93b611d", + "element_id": "af2424b7ec665072a2ee0bdcd901e244", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/Silent-Giant-(1).pdf", @@ -931,13 +877,13 @@ "date_modified": "2023-02-12T10:10:36" }, "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 4 + "page_number": 6 }, - "text": "Despite the very considerable efforts to decarbonize the economy and the countless billions spent, our world remains heavily addicted to fossil fuels. The trend is clear – instead of reducing our dependence on fossil fuels, we are increasing it (Figure 2). As a direct result, greenhouse gas emissions continue to rise when they need to drastically fall." + "text": "In regard to the need for a level playing field, we see that many of the world’s electricity markets operate in an unsustainable fashion, dominated by short-term thinking. 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}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 4 - }, - "text": "Figure 2. Worldwide electricity generation by fuel (1990-2016)ii" - }, - { - "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "d4735e3a265e16eee03f59718b9b5d03", - "metadata": { - "data_source": { - "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/Silent-Giant-(1).pdf", - "version": 177372694731575984083482917563244941766, - "record_locator": { - "protocol": "s3", - "remote_file_path": "utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/Silent-Giant-(1).pdf" - }, - "date_modified": "2023-02-12T10:10:36" - }, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 4 - }, - "text": "2" - }, - { - "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "d841776bdfaae69274a3c8b898021653", - "metadata": { - "data_source": { - "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/Silent-Giant-(1).pdf", - "version": 177372694731575984083482917563244941766, - "record_locator": { - "protocol": "s3", - "remote_file_path": "utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/Silent-Giant-(1).pdf" - }, - "date_modified": "2023-02-12T10:10:36" - }, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 5 - }, - "text": "We need to deliver a worldwide transformation that is socially, economically and environmentally sustainable. We need a system that is affordable – no one should have to choose between heating their home, and essentials like eating – as well as helping to alleviate poverty, and ensure the realization of human potential globally. We need a power source that can not only help us mitigate the effects of climate change and environmental degradation, but can also help bring the enormous benefits of reliable electricity supply to the corners of the world that do not have access to it." - }, - { - "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "10a72512425bbe7a4cdd6529b0337d90", - "metadata": { - "data_source": { - "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/Silent-Giant-(1).pdf", - "version": 177372694731575984083482917563244941766, - "record_locator": { - "protocol": "s3", - "remote_file_path": "utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/Silent-Giant-(1).pdf" - }, - "date_modified": "2023-02-12T10:10:36" - }, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 5 - }, - "text": "Nuclear energy is already making a major contribution. By using nuclear energy rather than fossil fuels, we currently avoid the emission of more than 2500 million tonnes of carbon dioxide every year. To put that into perspective, it is the equivalent of removing about 400 million cars from the world’s roads." - }, - { - "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "030d3154a592248139651c5f8fbef1d5", - "metadata": { - "data_source": { - "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/Silent-Giant-(1).pdf", - "version": 177372694731575984083482917563244941766, - "record_locator": { - "protocol": "s3", - "remote_file_path": "utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/Silent-Giant-(1).pdf" - }, - "date_modified": "2023-02-12T10:10:36" - }, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 5 - }, - "text": "Modern society is dependent on the steady supply of electricity, every day of the year – regardless of weather, season or time of day – and nuclear energy is particularly well-suited to providing this service. Given that the majority of baseload supply is fossil-based, an increase in the use of nuclear energy would result in a rapid decarbonization of the electricity system. The International Energy Agency’s (IEA) recent report III on nuclear energy highlighted the importance of dependable baseload electricity generators and the need to properly value and compensate them for the electricity security and reliability services they provide." - }, - { - "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "4e07408562bedb8b60ce05c1decfe3ad", - "metadata": { - "data_source": { - "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/Silent-Giant-(1).pdf", - "version": 177372694731575984083482917563244941766, - "record_locator": { - "protocol": "s3", - "remote_file_path": "utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/Silent-Giant-(1).pdf" - }, - "date_modified": "2023-02-12T10:10:36" - }, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 5 - }, - "text": "3" - }, - { - "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "a53cecd93ffb9ec731b7974f1805e924", - "metadata": { - "data_source": { - "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/Silent-Giant-(1).pdf", - "version": 177372694731575984083482917563244941766, - "record_locator": { - "protocol": "s3", - "remote_file_path": "utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/Silent-Giant-(1).pdf" - }, - "date_modified": "2023-02-12T10:10:36" - }, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 6 - }, - "text": "Despite impressive recent growth, the stark reality is that renewables alone will not be able to resolve our dependence on fossil fuels. Clearly, the sun does not always shine, and the wind does not always blow, and this is compounded by the fact that many times these periods coincide with when electricity demand is at its highest, but renewables can be complementary to nuclear energy. Storage solutions, such as batteries, will not be able to power our societies for days or weeks when the weather is not favourable. Natural gas is currently the most used solution for the intermittency problem, which only serves to reinforce our economy’s dependence of fossil fuels, and severely undermines the apparently ‘green credentials’ of many renewables." - }, - { - "type": "Title", - "element_id": "899a2c517ba69726f3808d66f442e439", - "metadata": { - "data_source": { - "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/Silent-Giant-(1).pdf", - "version": 177372694731575984083482917563244941766, - "record_locator": { - "protocol": "s3", - "remote_file_path": "utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/Silent-Giant-(1).pdf" - }, - "date_modified": "2023-02-12T10:10:36" - }, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 6 - }, - "text": "Moving to a sustainable future" - }, - { - "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "a8c17b6aa3cad915f2f7e0126706c2f5", - "metadata": { - "data_source": { - "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/Silent-Giant-(1).pdf", - "version": 177372694731575984083482917563244941766, - "record_locator": { - "protocol": "s3", - "remote_file_path": "utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/Silent-Giant-(1).pdf" - }, - "date_modified": "2023-02-12T10:10:36" - }, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 6 - }, - "text": "The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) special report on Global Warming of 1.5°C iv examined a large number of different scenarios for limiting global warming to 1.5°C. Of those scenarios which would achieve the 1.5°C target, the mean increase in nuclear energy’s contribution to electricity production was 2.5 times higher compared to today. However, the ‘middle-of-the-road’ scenario – in which social, economic, and technological trends follow current patterns and would not require major changes to, for example, diet and travel habits – sees the need for nuclear increase by five times globally by 2050." - }, - { - "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "7562e707e991f1fb634fff41f2cae0e4", - "metadata": { - "data_source": { - "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/Silent-Giant-(1).pdf", - "version": 177372694731575984083482917563244941766, - "record_locator": { - "protocol": "s3", - "remote_file_path": "utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/Silent-Giant-(1).pdf" - }, - "date_modified": "2023-02-12T10:10:36" - }, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 6 - }, - "text": "The IEA has concluded that without an expanded contribution from nuclear energy, the already huge challenge of achieving emissions reductions will become drastically harder and more costly. In their latest report on nuclear energy v, published in 2019, they also conclude that not using nuclear would have negative implications for energy security and result in higher costs for the consumers. The IEA recommends policy reforms to ‘… ensure competition on a level playing field’ and that the ‘… focus should be on designing electricity markets in a way that values the clean energy and energy security attributes of low-carbon technologies, including nuclear power.’ Such reforms should also ensure that reliability of electricity production is properly valued and compensated." - }, - { - "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "1cde21cc10aa769a17ca11aa1e10823e", - "metadata": { - "data_source": { - "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/Silent-Giant-(1).pdf", - "version": 177372694731575984083482917563244941766, - "record_locator": { - "protocol": "s3", - "remote_file_path": "utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/Silent-Giant-(1).pdf" - }, - "date_modified": "2023-02-12T10:10:36" - }, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 6 - }, - "text": "As part of the Harmony Programme, the world’s nuclear industry has identified three key policy areas for action to unlock the true potential of nuclear energy - the need for a level playing field, the harmonization of regulations and the establishment of an effective safety paradigm." - }, - { - "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "af2424b7ec665072a2ee0bdcd901e244", - "metadata": { - "data_source": { - "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/Silent-Giant-(1).pdf", - "version": 177372694731575984083482917563244941766, - "record_locator": { - "protocol": "s3", - "remote_file_path": "utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/Silent-Giant-(1).pdf" - }, - "date_modified": "2023-02-12T10:10:36" - }, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 6 - }, - "text": "In regard to the need for a level playing field, we see that many of the world’s electricity markets operate in an unsustainable fashion, dominated by short-term thinking. Electricity supply which is affordable, reliable and available 24/7 generates broad societal benefits, and as seen in Figure 3, nuclear is one of the most affordable electricity sources." - }, - { - "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "4b227777d4dd1fc61c6f884f48641d02", - "metadata": { - "data_source": { - "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/Silent-Giant-(1).pdf", - "version": 177372694731575984083482917563244941766, - "record_locator": { - "protocol": "s3", - "remote_file_path": "utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/Silent-Giant-(1).pdf" - }, - "date_modified": "2023-02-12T10:10:36" - }, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 6 - }, - "text": "4" - }, - { - "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "983bd614bb5afece5ab3b6023f71147c", - "metadata": { - "data_source": { - "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/Silent-Giant-(1).pdf", - "version": 177372694731575984083482917563244941766, - "record_locator": { - "protocol": "s3", - "remote_file_path": "utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/Silent-Giant-(1).pdf" - 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Comparative cost projections for main electricity generators vi" - }, - { - "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "9ad4cf48d0b9d0bbfd257214f3d050dd", - "metadata": { - "data_source": { - "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/Silent-Giant-(1).pdf", - "version": 177372694731575984083482917563244941766, - "record_locator": { - "protocol": "s3", - "remote_file_path": "utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/Silent-Giant-(1).pdf" - }, - "date_modified": "2023-02-12T10:10:36" - }, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 7 - }, - "text": "However, markets fail to give due credit to electricity generators, such as nuclear energy, that are able to meet these societal demands. This has resulted in situations where nuclear energy has struggled to compete with energy sources that have been subsidized, do not pay the hidden costs brought on by their intermittency (e.g. costly backup provisions and investments in the grid), or do not have to take responsibility for using our common atmosphere as a dumping ground." - }, - { - "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "4b3dad9b769c100e89b2c082e7d9e13e", - "metadata": { - "data_source": { - "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/Silent-Giant-(1).pdf", - "version": 177372694731575984083482917563244941766, - "record_locator": { - "protocol": "s3", - "remote_file_path": "utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/Silent-Giant-(1).pdf" - }, - "date_modified": "2023-02-12T10:10:36" - }, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 7 - }, - "text": "In regard to the need to harmonize regulations, multiple regulatory barriers stemming from diverse national licensing processes and safety requirements currently limit global nuclear trade and investment. A lack of international standardization places unnecessary regulatory burdens on nuclear activities and causes delays in the licensing of new designs, hindering innovation." - }, - { - "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "13ff2375260e277c2dfbc8826aa50a65", - "metadata": { - "data_source": { - "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/Silent-Giant-(1).pdf", - "version": 177372694731575984083482917563244941766, - "record_locator": { - "protocol": "s3", - "remote_file_path": "utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/Silent-Giant-(1).pdf" - }, - "date_modified": "2023-02-12T10:10:36" - }, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 7 - }, - "text": "Additionally, electricity markets fail to recognize the relative costs of different forms of electricity generation. Whilst the nuclear industry takes responsibility for its lifecycle costs (including decommissioning and waste management), other electricity generators do not. 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Comparison of number of fatalities due to electricity generation viii" - }, - { - "type": "Title", - "element_id": "98d83a387e3ac2261daaf8d936bf3e27", - "metadata": { - "data_source": { - "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/Silent-Giant-(1).pdf", - "version": 177372694731575984083482917563244941766, - "record_locator": { - "protocol": "s3", - "remote_file_path": "utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/Silent-Giant-(1).pdf" - }, - "date_modified": "2023-02-12T10:10:36" - }, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 8 - }, - "text": "Nuclear for a sustainable tomorrow" - }, - { - "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "1119369ba9a68924c64155762de72d8e", - "metadata": { - "data_source": { - "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/Silent-Giant-(1).pdf", - "version": 177372694731575984083482917563244941766, - "record_locator": { - "protocol": "s3", - "remote_file_path": "utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/Silent-Giant-(1).pdf" - }, - "date_modified": "2023-02-12T10:10:36" - }, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 8 - }, - "text": "Nuclear energy is already making a significant contribution to providing the world with clean and abundant electricity, and has a proven track record of being a reliable workhorse around the world. Countries like France, Sweden and Switzerland have proven that it is possible to divorce economic growth from an increase in damaging emissions and over the timescales required to effectively challenge climate change and environmental degradation (Figures 5 and 6). 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Comparative cost projections for main electricity generators vi" }, { - "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "48449a14a4ff7d79bb7a1b6f3d488eba", + "type": "NarrativeText", + "element_id": "13ff2375260e277c2dfbc8826aa50a65", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/Silent-Giant-(1).pdf", @@ -2677,13 +967,13 @@ "date_modified": "2023-02-12T10:10:36" }, "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 8 + "page_number": 7 }, - "text": "80" + "text": "Additionally, electricity markets fail to recognize the relative costs of different forms of electricity generation. Whilst the nuclear industry takes responsibility for its lifecycle costs (including decommissioning and waste management), other electricity generators do not. Fossil fuel generators are rarely required to pay the price in line with the environmental and health damage that their emissions cause, whilst the cost of wind and solar does not include the disposal of the sometimes toxic materials at the end of their life." }, { - "type": "Title", - "element_id": "9a1f49cd39fe9698fc556924b6b889da", + "type": "NarrativeText", + "element_id": "9ad4cf48d0b9d0bbfd257214f3d050dd", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/Silent-Giant-(1).pdf", @@ -2695,13 +985,13 @@ "date_modified": "2023-02-12T10:10:36" }, "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 8 + "page_number": 7 }, - "text": " Biofuels/Waste" + "text": "However, markets fail to give due credit to electricity generators, such as nuclear energy, that are able to meet these societal demands. This has resulted in situations where nuclear energy has struggled to compete with energy sources that have been subsidized, do not pay the hidden costs brought on by their intermittency (e.g. costly backup provisions and investments in the grid), or do not have to take responsibility for using our common atmosphere as a dumping ground." }, { - "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "ff5a1ae012afa5d4c889c50ad427aaf5", + "type": "NarrativeText", + "element_id": "4b3dad9b769c100e89b2c082e7d9e13e", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/Silent-Giant-(1).pdf", @@ -2713,13 +1003,13 @@ "date_modified": "2023-02-12T10:10:36" }, "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 8 + "page_number": 7 }, - "text": "70" + "text": "In regard to the need to harmonize regulations, multiple regulatory barriers stemming from diverse national licensing processes and safety requirements currently limit global nuclear trade and investment. A lack of international standardization places unnecessary regulatory burdens on nuclear activities and causes delays in the licensing of new designs, hindering innovation." }, { - "type": "Title", - "element_id": "c4fad0ce9772d241be8c8624896ada86", + "type": "NarrativeText", + "element_id": "0ce74aa5e786157de72d5ae801d86cc4", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/Silent-Giant-(1).pdf", @@ -2731,13 +1021,13 @@ "date_modified": "2023-02-12T10:10:36" }, "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 8 + "page_number": 7 }, - "text": " Wind/Solar" + "text": "The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) has highlighted the importance of addressing this issue, concluding that the lack of regulatory harmony ‘…causes many drawbacks for the entire nuclear industry, including developers, vendors, operators and even regulators themselves…This results in increased costs and reduced predictability in project execution’. vii It is therefore crucial that we harmonize the regulatory process to address these weaknesses, and avoid unnecessary duplication and inconsistencies." }, { - "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "39fa9ec190eee7b6f4dff1100d6343e1", + "type": "Footer", + "element_id": "ef2d127de37b942baad06145e54b0c61", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/Silent-Giant-(1).pdf", @@ -2749,13 +1039,13 @@ "date_modified": "2023-02-12T10:10:36" }, "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 8 + "page_number": 7 }, - "text": "60" + "text": "5" }, { - "type": "Title", - "element_id": "b449cd843dc44ab907e1e9ed9c30d92e", + "type": "NarrativeText", + "element_id": "2cf9c478a20b21f5792941a179d926e9", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/Silent-Giant-(1).pdf", @@ -2769,11 +1059,11 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 8 }, - "text": " Hydro" + "text": "In regard to the need for a holistic safety paradigm for the whole electricity system, we need to consider safety from a societal perspective, something the current energy system fails to do. The health, environmental and safety benefits of nuclear energy are not sufficiently understood and valued when compared with other electricity sources. Nuclear energy remains the safest form of electricity generation (Figure 4). Additionally, the use of nuclear consistently prevents many tens of thousands of deaths (mainly resulting from air pollution) every year by avoiding the use of coal - lifesaving measures which must be better recognised and valued." }, { - "type": "Title", - "element_id": "f35457739b3bd74c61625c986c844726", + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "dbae772db29058a88f9bd830e957c695", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/Silent-Giant-(1).pdf", @@ -2787,11 +1077,11 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 8 }, - "text": " Nuclear" + "text": "140" }, { - "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "bbf3f11cb5b43e700273a78d12de55e4", + "type": "NarrativeText", + "element_id": "e11247712b3df61756970b45f019ad68", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/Silent-Giant-(1).pdf", @@ -2805,11 +1095,11 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 8 }, - "text": "%" + "text": "r a e y" }, { - "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "1a6562590ef19d1045d06c4055742d38", + "type": "Title", + "element_id": "3f79bb7b435b05321651daefd374cdc6", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/Silent-Giant-(1).pdf", @@ -2823,11 +1113,11 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 8 }, - "text": "50" + "text": "e" }, { - "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "d59eced1ded07f84c145592f65bdf854", + "type": "Title", + "element_id": "f83714d89302473e0e4f5399bd50e7a9", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/Silent-Giant-(1).pdf", @@ -2841,11 +1131,11 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 8 }, - "text": "40" + "text": "W T" }, { "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "624b60c58c9d8bfb6ff1886c2fd605d2", + "element_id": "380918b946a526640a40df5dced65167", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/Silent-Giant-(1).pdf", @@ -2859,11 +1149,11 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 8 }, - "text": "30" + "text": "=" }, { - "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "f5ca38f748a1d6eaf726b8a42fb575c3", + "type": "NarrativeText", + "element_id": "f9bb49945b60897227abdd75b5f8d39b", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/Silent-Giant-(1).pdf", @@ -2877,11 +1167,11 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 8 }, - "text": "20" + "text": "r e p s e i t i l" }, { - "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "4a44dc15364204a80fe80e9039455cc1", + "type": "Title", + "element_id": "1fb2ec4fc8fc547c0de86ba79ba651e5", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/Silent-Giant-(1).pdf", @@ -2895,11 +1185,11 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 8 }, - "text": "10" + "text": "a t a F" }, { - "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "5feceb66ffc86f38d952786c6d696c79", + "type": "Image", + "element_id": "0fece208b80790baa3ae323ace21f818", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/Silent-Giant-(1).pdf", @@ -2913,11 +1203,11 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 8 }, - "text": "0" + "text": " 140 120 120 1 : 100 99.5 : 80 71.9 1 n 60 . 1 40 : “99 : 85 7g 0245 <0.01 0 : : : > S & 3} cs s\\ é fos < < Qg eS S ew ee © RS Rs ~a S Se fe) we" }, { - "type": "Title", - "element_id": "7a1ca4ef7515f7276bae7230545829c2", + "type": "FigureCaption", + "element_id": "445676822969fb5177c0081d07449a70", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/Silent-Giant-(1).pdf", @@ -2931,11 +1221,11 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 8 }, - "text": "France" + "text": "Figure 4. Comparison of number of fatalities due to electricity generation viii" }, { "type": "Title", - "element_id": "853637136575897a73cba3c5fb085e8c", + "element_id": "98d83a387e3ac2261daaf8d936bf3e27", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/Silent-Giant-(1).pdf", @@ -2949,11 +1239,11 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 8 }, - "text": "Sweden" + "text": "Nuclear for a sustainable tomorrow" }, { - "type": "Title", - "element_id": "2275583196d791405892aaca0d87743c", + "type": "NarrativeText", + "element_id": "1119369ba9a68924c64155762de72d8e", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/Silent-Giant-(1).pdf", @@ -2967,11 +1257,11 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 8 }, - "text": "Switzerland" + "text": "Nuclear energy is already making a significant contribution to providing the world with clean and abundant electricity, and has a proven track record of being a reliable workhorse around the world. Countries like France, Sweden and Switzerland have proven that it is possible to divorce economic growth from an increase in damaging emissions and over the timescales required to effectively challenge climate change and environmental degradation (Figures 5 and 6). Nuclear can ensure that fast-growing populations achieve rising standards of living – without having to sacrifice the planet or their own well-being." }, { - "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "fd1b6d076800203a708efab109d9393a", + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "ad57366865126e55649ecb23ae1d4888", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/Silent-Giant-(1).pdf", @@ -2985,11 +1275,11 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 8 }, - "text": "Figure 5. The importance of nuclear in ensuring clean energy systems in France, Sweden and Switzerland ix" + "text": "100" }, { "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "e7f6c011776e8db7cd330b54174fd76f", + "element_id": "bbf3f11cb5b43e700273a78d12de55e4", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/Silent-Giant-(1).pdf", @@ -3003,11 +1293,11 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 8 }, - "text": "6" + "text": "%" }, { - "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "284b7e6d788f363f910f7beb1910473e", + "type": "Image", + "element_id": "e56f1d3df6ddf93348f20c095337d639", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/Silent-Giant-(1).pdf", @@ -3019,13 +1309,13 @@ "date_modified": "2023-02-12T10:10:36" }, "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 9 + "page_number": 8 }, - "text": "600" + "text": " 100 90 IB Coal i Gas/Oil 80 IB Biofuels/Waste 70 i Wind/Solar @ Hydro 60 @ Nuclear 50 40 30 20 10 0) " }, { "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "0604cd3138feed202ef293e062da2f47", + "element_id": "5feceb66ffc86f38d952786c6d696c79", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/Silent-Giant-(1).pdf", @@ -3037,13 +1327,13 @@ "date_modified": "2023-02-12T10:10:36" }, "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 9 + "page_number": 8 }, - "text": "500" + "text": "0" }, { "type": "Title", - "element_id": "de7d1b721a1e0632b7cf04edf5032c8e", + "element_id": "7a1ca4ef7515f7276bae7230545829c2", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/Silent-Giant-(1).pdf", @@ -3055,13 +1345,13 @@ "date_modified": "2023-02-12T10:10:36" }, "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 9 + "page_number": 8 }, - "text": "i" + "text": "France" }, { - "type": "Title", - "element_id": "baa49be4a9f9fab3b991718e0adb565e", + "type": "FigureCaption", + "element_id": "853637136575897a73cba3c5fb085e8c", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/Silent-Giant-(1).pdf", @@ -3073,13 +1363,13 @@ "date_modified": "2023-02-12T10:10:36" }, "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 9 + "page_number": 8 }, - "text": " Non-hydro" + "text": "Sweden" }, { - "type": "Title", - "element_id": "293e9366a39d6ed33a894e4dbe0b8700", + "type": "FigureCaption", + "element_id": "2275583196d791405892aaca0d87743c", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/Silent-Giant-(1).pdf", @@ -3091,13 +1381,13 @@ "date_modified": "2023-02-12T10:10:36" }, "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 9 + "page_number": 8 }, - "text": "ren. & waste" + "text": "Switzerland" }, { - "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "26d228663f13a88592a12d16cf9587ca", + "type": "FigureCaption", + "element_id": "fd1b6d076800203a708efab109d9393a", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/Silent-Giant-(1).pdf", @@ -3109,13 +1399,13 @@ "date_modified": "2023-02-12T10:10:36" }, "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 9 + "page_number": 8 }, - "text": "400" + "text": "Figure 5. The importance of nuclear in ensuring clean energy systems in France, Sweden and Switzerland ix" }, { - "type": "Title", - "element_id": "30b160442c1de4494644bbb253d47d62", + "type": "Footer", + "element_id": "06e9d52c1720fca412803e3b07c4b228", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/Silent-Giant-(1).pdf", @@ -3127,13 +1417,13 @@ "date_modified": "2023-02-12T10:10:36" }, "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 9 + "page_number": 8 }, - "text": "z=" + "text": "6" }, { "type": "Title", - "element_id": "f35457739b3bd74c61625c986c844726", + "element_id": "563a2980d46c81119e1d7d952b375a41", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/Silent-Giant-(1).pdf", @@ -3147,11 +1437,11 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 9 }, - "text": " Nuclear" + "text": "h W T" }, { - "type": "Title", - "element_id": "f6e172956a9472fa43f9a895f99c2836", + "type": "Image", + "element_id": "77d8044f595648ff9853b27fadd6ef94", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/Silent-Giant-(1).pdf", @@ -3165,11 +1455,11 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 9 }, - "text": " Natural gas" + "text": " BB Non-hydro 500 i ren. & waste 400 z= Nuclear Natural gas 300 y -— EB Hydro i oil 200 —— -— BB Coal 100" }, { - "type": "Title", - "element_id": "563a2980d46c81119e1d7d952b375a41", + "type": "FigureCaption", + "element_id": "ff8db11f410c00860c60393cc143175f", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/Silent-Giant-(1).pdf", @@ -3183,11 +1473,11 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 9 }, - "text": "h W T" + "text": "1974 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2017" }, { - "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "983bd614bb5afece5ab3b6023f71147c", + "type": "FigureCaption", + "element_id": "3b5b3755bac62d7f53eb84cadc34c528", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/Silent-Giant-(1).pdf", @@ -3201,11 +1491,11 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 9 }, - "text": "300" + "text": "Figure 6. The lasting decarbonization of French electricity and nuclear’s ability to meet growing demand x" }, { - "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "27badc983df1780b60c2b3fa9d3a19a0", + "type": "NarrativeText", + "element_id": "4f5cc927b953f3c49c562a22c88f863f", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/Silent-Giant-(1).pdf", @@ -3219,11 +1509,11 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 9 }, - "text": "200" + "text": "The incredible energy density of uranium means that just a few kilos is all that is required to provide one person with enough power for a lifetime. Uranium is abundant and can be found in many parts of the world, as well as in seawater. Furthermore, spent nuclear fuel is well managed and can in most cases be recycled to produce even more power. By using nuclear energy, countries are able to take charge of their own destinies by decreasing their reliance on imported energy – enhanced independence and security in uncertain times." }, { - "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "0b06ee5051e3d7dd686665a41ae1f2d9", + "type": "Image", + "element_id": "36ca9b7cdbbcba729a46487cf86c07eb", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/Silent-Giant-(1).pdf", @@ -3237,11 +1527,11 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 9 }, - "text": "y ——" + "text": "One fuel pellet contains as much energy as a tonne of coal" }, { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "bda050585a00f0f6cb502350559d7553", + "type": "NarrativeText", + "element_id": "0e28734a89e6f2473c6bbd5c1bdaf50e", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/Silent-Giant-(1).pdf", @@ -3255,11 +1545,11 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 9 }, - "text": "—" + "text": "Unlike other power sources, nuclear energy helps us reduce our total footprint, going beyond just the environment. When accounting for factors such as cost (e.g. fuel and construction costs), carbon (lifecycle greenhouse gas emissions), water and land footprints, nuclear is far ahead of all other energy generators." }, { - "type": "Title", - "element_id": "b449cd843dc44ab907e1e9ed9c30d92e", + "type": "NarrativeText", + "element_id": "81a65c45b597c6647c9f984f7b2e3554", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/Silent-Giant-(1).pdf", @@ -3273,11 +1563,11 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 9 }, - "text": " Hydro" + "text": "Nuclear energy offers a multitude of services beyond just electricity. With nuclear, we can decarbonize the way we heat our homes, provide process heat for industry, and ensure access to clean water. As freshwater supplies come under increasing pressure worldwide, nuclear reactors can provide desalination, ensuring a reliable flow of fresh drinking water in areas where it is scarce." }, { - "type": "Title", - "element_id": "b001a2374d44e3085e712bb40f66270e", + "type": "Header", + "element_id": "7902699be42c8a8e46fbbb4501726517", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/Silent-Giant-(1).pdf", @@ -3291,11 +1581,11 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 9 }, - "text": " Oil" + "text": "7" }, { - "type": "Title", - "element_id": "90ad0c8c14253135efd14645e0156145", + "type": "NarrativeText", + "element_id": "4c23c5c4e459d5f3f6f62cc6a06a816a", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/Silent-Giant-(1).pdf", @@ -3307,13 +1597,13 @@ "date_modified": "2023-02-12T10:10:36" }, "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 9 + "page_number": 10 }, - "text": " Coal" + "text": "Nuclear energy can be relied upon to power the new mobility revolution taking place. Every day, we use almost 20 million barrels of oil to power our vehicles. By swapping to an electric or hydrogen-powered transport fleet – all powered by the atom – we are able to address one of the key challenges to a sustainable economy." }, { - "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "ad57366865126e55649ecb23ae1d4888", + "type": "NarrativeText", + "element_id": "cd055b546424c5003939bb047a56abf0", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/Silent-Giant-(1).pdf", @@ -3325,13 +1615,13 @@ "date_modified": "2023-02-12T10:10:36" }, "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 9 + "page_number": 10 }, - "text": "100" + "text": "We cannot afford to wait – we need every part of the puzzle to contribute towards solving some of the greatest challenges faced by humankind in a very long time. The impacts of climate change will hit the poorest and most vulnerable first, and failing to act will have significant humanitarian consequences." }, { - "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "5feceb66ffc86f38d952786c6d696c79", + "type": "NarrativeText", + "element_id": "a654080ea22f70c397bca52fee82b82f", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/Silent-Giant-(1).pdf", @@ -3343,13 +1633,13 @@ "date_modified": "2023-02-12T10:10:36" }, "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 9 + "page_number": 10 }, - "text": "0" + "text": "Nuclear power is the silent giant of today’s energy system – it runs quietly in the background, capable of delivering immense amounts of power, regardless of weather or season, allowing us to focus on everything else in life. It is a technology that is available now, and can be expanded quickly across the world to help us solve some of the most defining challenges we face. Nuclear energy holds the potential to herald a new, cleaner and truly sustainable world – enabling us to pass on a cleaner planet to our children." }, { - "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "ec54e99514663edb97adef400fbf34a7", + "type": "Title", + "element_id": "e56261e0bd30965b8e68ed2abb15b141", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/Silent-Giant-(1).pdf", @@ -3361,13 +1651,13 @@ "date_modified": "2023-02-12T10:10:36" }, "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 9 + "page_number": 10 }, - "text": "1974" + "text": "References" }, { - "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "a2c54f65d066210267b404e8386a7f4c", + "type": "Title", + "element_id": "de7d1b721a1e0632b7cf04edf5032c8e", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/Silent-Giant-(1).pdf", @@ -3379,13 +1669,13 @@ "date_modified": "2023-02-12T10:10:36" }, "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 9 + "page_number": 10 }, - "text": "1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010" + "text": "i" }, { - "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "46e67c525617663b392a53c0e94ba79e", + "type": "Title", + "element_id": "5d7f49449ab22deac22d767b89549c55", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/Silent-Giant-(1).pdf", @@ -3397,13 +1687,13 @@ "date_modified": "2023-02-12T10:10:36" }, "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 9 + "page_number": 10 }, - "text": "2017" + "text": "ii" }, { - "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "0ad07326f56e66781da5dbb9488eaa67", + "type": "Title", + "element_id": "f5557d4fcf727a981a3c315aca733eef", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/Silent-Giant-(1).pdf", @@ -3415,13 +1705,13 @@ "date_modified": "2023-02-12T10:10:36" }, "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 9 + "page_number": 10 }, - "text": "Figure 6. The lasting decarbonization of French electricity and nuclear’s ability to meet growing demand”" + "text": "iii" }, { - "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "4f5cc927b953f3c49c562a22c88f863f", + "type": "Title", + "element_id": "0ab306823035661bb8dba21cc2535231", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/Silent-Giant-(1).pdf", @@ -3433,13 +1723,13 @@ "date_modified": "2023-02-12T10:10:36" }, "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 9 + "page_number": 10 }, - "text": "The incredible energy density of uranium means that just a few kilos is all that is required to provide one person with enough power for a lifetime. Uranium is abundant and can be found in many parts of the world, as well as in seawater. Furthermore, spent nuclear fuel is well managed and can in most cases be recycled to produce even more power. By using nuclear energy, countries are able to take charge of their own destinies by decreasing their reliance on imported energy – enhanced independence and security in uncertain times." + "text": "iv" }, { - "type": "Image", - "element_id": "36ca9b7cdbbcba729a46487cf86c07eb", + "type": "Title", + "element_id": "d3fc2842ddfad4c8d3859f84d4439bfd", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/Silent-Giant-(1).pdf", @@ -3451,13 +1741,13 @@ "date_modified": "2023-02-12T10:10:36" }, "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 9 + "page_number": 10 }, - "text": "One fuel pellet contains as much energy as a tonne of coal" + "text": "Vv" }, { - "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "0e28734a89e6f2473c6bbd5c1bdaf50e", + "type": "Title", + "element_id": "4c94485e0c21ae6c41ce1dfe7b6bface", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/Silent-Giant-(1).pdf", @@ -3469,13 +1759,13 @@ "date_modified": "2023-02-12T10:10:36" }, "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 9 + "page_number": 10 }, - "text": "Unlike other power sources, nuclear energy helps us reduce our total footprint, going beyond just the environment. When accounting for factors such as cost (e.g. fuel and construction costs), carbon (lifecycle greenhouse gas emissions), water and land footprints, nuclear is far ahead of all other energy generators." + "text": "v" }, { - "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "81a65c45b597c6647c9f984f7b2e3554", + "type": "Title", + "element_id": "c0ff93ea8927a7366db0331e5fd9d19f", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/Silent-Giant-(1).pdf", @@ -3487,13 +1777,13 @@ "date_modified": "2023-02-12T10:10:36" }, "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 9 + "page_number": 10 }, - "text": "Nuclear energy offers a multitude of services beyond just electricity. With nuclear, we can decarbonize the way we heat our homes, provide process heat for industry, and ensure access to clean water. As freshwater supplies come under increasing pressure worldwide, nuclear reactors can provide desalination, ensuring a reliable flow of fresh drinking water in areas where it is scarce." + "text": "vi" }, { - "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "7902699be42c8a8e46fbbb4501726517", + "type": "Title", + "element_id": "c0ff93ea8927a7366db0331e5fd9d19f", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/Silent-Giant-(1).pdf", @@ -3505,13 +1795,13 @@ "date_modified": "2023-02-12T10:10:36" }, "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 9 + "page_number": 10 }, - "text": "7" + "text": "vi" }, { - "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "4c23c5c4e459d5f3f6f62cc6a06a816a", + "type": "Title", + "element_id": "c1d2906220d1eef1b17422b7132872a8", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/Silent-Giant-(1).pdf", @@ -3525,11 +1815,11 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 10 }, - "text": "Nuclear energy can be relied upon to power the new mobility revolution taking place. Every day, we use almost 20 million barrels of oil to power our vehicles. By swapping to an electric or hydrogen-powered transport fleet – all powered by the atom – we are able to address one of the key challenges to a sustainable economy." + "text": "vii" }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "cd055b546424c5003939bb047a56abf0", + "element_id": "de72de35f0092bdd3107011f3be18dc0", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/Silent-Giant-(1).pdf", @@ -3543,11 +1833,11 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 10 }, - "text": "We cannot afford to wait – we need every part of the puzzle to contribute towards solving some of the greatest challenges faced by humankind in a very long time. The impacts of climate change will hit the poorest and most vulnerable first, and failing to act will have significant humanitarian consequences." + "text": "International Energy Agency (2018), World Energy Outlook 2018. Data accessed from https://www.iea.org/weo/ – Based on the New Policies Scenario, which incorporates existing energy policies as well as an assessment of the results likely to stem from the implementation of announced policy intentions – with visual modification by World Nuclear Association. International Energy Agency (n.d.), Statistics. Accessed from: https://www.iea.org/statistics/?country=WORLD&year=2016&category=Electricity&indicator=ElecGenByFuel&mode =chart&dataTable=ELECTRICITYANDHEAT – with visual modifications by World Nuclear Association. International Energy Agency (2019), Nuclear Power in a Clean Energy System. Accessed from: https://www.iea.org/ publications/nuclear/ Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (2018), Special Report on Global Warming of 1.5 °C. Accessed from: https://www.ipcc.ch/sr15/ International Energy Agency (2019), Nuclear Power in a Clean Energy System. Accessed from: https://www.iea.org/ publications/nuclear/ International Energy Agency & OECD Nuclear Energy Agency (2015), Projected Costs of generating Electricity – 2015 Edition. Accessed from: https://www.oecd-nea.org/ndd/pubs/2015/7057-proj-costs-electricity-2015.pdf International Atomic Energy Agency (2015), Technical challenges in the application and licensing of digital instrumentation and control systems in nuclear power plants. Accessed from: https://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/ Publications/PDF/P1695_web.pdf" }, { - "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "a654080ea22f70c397bca52fee82b82f", + "type": "Title", + "element_id": "ed171375d0bf81eaa5512140c3a29b8f", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/Silent-Giant-(1).pdf", @@ -3561,11 +1851,11 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 10 }, - "text": "Nuclear power is the silent giant of today’s energy system – it runs quietly in the background, capable of delivering immense amounts of power, regardless of weather or season, allowing us to focus on everything else in life. It is a technology that is available now, and can be expanded quickly across the world to help us solve some of the most defining challenges we face. Nuclear energy holds the potential to herald a new, cleaner and truly sustainable world – enabling us to pass on a cleaner planet to our children." + "text": "ix" }, { - "type": "Title", - "element_id": "69824d3b0e70ca6aaa0da1613b65fd91", + "type": "ListItem", + "element_id": "c5693c397679aaeed0a80ac0c6b6dd20", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/Silent-Giant-(1).pdf", @@ -3579,11 +1869,11 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 10 }, - "text": "References" + "text": "x bid." }, { - "type": "Title", - "element_id": "de7d1b721a1e0632b7cf04edf5032c8e", + "type": "ListItem", + "element_id": "9ec2f70cbe42f5dc5073a88246db2b7a", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/Silent-Giant-(1).pdf", @@ -3597,11 +1887,11 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 10 }, - "text": "i" + "text": "and NRC SOARCA study 2015 Paul-Scherrer Institute. Data for nuclear accidents modified to reflect UNSCEAR findings/recommendations (2012)" }, { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "ffc47b19bb43cce8c23421b5c78b17b4", + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "5897aff759a5cc8d94710101c73af296", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/Silent-Giant-(1).pdf", @@ -3615,7 +1905,7 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 10 }, - "text": "i nternational Energy Agency (20 results Nuclear Association. ii nternational iii nternational Energy Agency (20 publications/nuclear/ 8), World Energy Outloo! Energy Agency (n.d.), Statistics. Accessed from: https://www.iea.org/statistics/?country=>WORLD&year=20 =chart&dataTable=ELECTRICITYANDHEAT - with visual modifications by World Nuclear Association. 9), Nuclear Power in a CI 2018. Data accessed from https://www.iea.org/weo/ — Based on the New Policies Scenario, which incorporates existing energy policies as well as an assessment of the ikely to stem from the implementation of announced policy intentions — with visual modification by World 6&category=Electricity&indicator=ElecGenByFuel&mode lean Energy System. Accessed from: https://www.iea.org/ iv Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (2018), Special Report on Global Warming of 1.5 °C. Accessed from: https:/Awww.ipce.ch/sr15/ Vv nternational Energy Agency (20 publications/nuclear/ vi nternational vii International Publications/PDF/P1695_web.pdf and NRC SOARCA study 2015 ix nternational x bid. 9), Nuclear Power in a CI Energy Agency & OECD Nuclear Energy Agency (2015), Projected Costs o 2015 Edition. Accessed from: https:/Awww.oecd-nea.org/ndd/pubs/2015/7057-proj-costs-electricity-2015.pdf Atomic Energy Agency (2015), Technical challenges in the application and instrumentation and control systems in nuclear power plants. Accessed from: https://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/ Energy Agency (2018), Electricity Information 2018 https://webstore.iea.org/electricity-information-2018-overview lean Energy System. Accessed from: https://www.iea.org/ generating Electricity — icensing of digital Paul-Scherrer Institute. Data for nuclear accidents modified to reflect UNSCEAR findings/recommendations (2012)" + "text": "and NRC SOARCA study 2015 International Energy Agency (2018), Electricity Information 2018 https://webstore.iea.org/electricity-information-2018-overview Ibid." }, { "type": "NarrativeText", @@ -3636,8 +1926,8 @@ "text": "Photo credits: Front cover: Mike Baird; page 2: Vattenfall; page 4: Getty Images; page 5: Adobe Stock; page 6: Rosatom; page 8: Dean Calma, IAEA; page 10: Kazatomprom; page 11: EDF." }, { - "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "2c624232cdd221771294dfbb310aca00", + "type": "Footer", + "element_id": "aa67a169b0bba217aa0aa88a65346920", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/Silent-Giant-(1).pdf", @@ -3654,8 +1944,8 @@ "text": "8" }, { - "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "481e5a54650b0a4ac7bc2568ddad436d", + "type": "NarrativeText", + "element_id": "c48603fd38d3449d3afcd2dc18903083", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/Silent-Giant-(1).pdf", @@ -3673,7 +1963,7 @@ }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "cff66c7267104eeade830b3dc8675acd", + "element_id": "de49f1c955d7c8a4d1d6d261c1cf21ba", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/Silent-Giant-(1).pdf", @@ -3690,8 +1980,8 @@ "text": "The Silent Giant © 2019 World Nuclear Association. Registered in England and Wales, company number 01215741" }, { - "type": "Title", - "element_id": "2ef1a5c0752085d3a6935132ad9e597c", + "type": "NarrativeText", + "element_id": "821daa4396c0087d9d5ee9240bc5c85c", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/Silent-Giant-(1).pdf", @@ -3709,7 +1999,7 @@ }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "20ef77d9aa66e60f1443750cdbaa9014", + "element_id": "705da4db5e220010ddfd03d9452855e4", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/Silent-Giant-(1).pdf", diff --git a/test_unstructured_ingest/expected-structured-output/s3/small-pdf-set/recalibrating-risk-report.pdf.json b/test_unstructured_ingest/expected-structured-output/s3/small-pdf-set/recalibrating-risk-report.pdf.json index 715b8fc617..6b44b1a62a 100644 --- a/test_unstructured_ingest/expected-structured-output/s3/small-pdf-set/recalibrating-risk-report.pdf.json +++ b/test_unstructured_ingest/expected-structured-output/s3/small-pdf-set/recalibrating-risk-report.pdf.json @@ -18,8 +18,8 @@ "text": "WORLD ASSOCIATION" }, { - "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "1536456ece03fdb7bdbb6b848116dfde", + "type": "Title", + "element_id": "d72f07e2c764ae90417305db928ebce1", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/recalibrating-risk-report.pdf", @@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "38ae4eaf24988f8ff8a9f5b2eaab7449", + "element_id": "c875f7e098e5ea1b337a189c28e80ac3", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/recalibrating-risk-report.pdf", @@ -54,8 +54,8 @@ "text": "Putting nuclear risk in context and perspective" }, { - "type": "Title", - "element_id": "e2371e8e756ef68aaf76eb397e9e8f32", + "type": "NarrativeText", + "element_id": "327be60d66a34747047e1365e6bab727", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/recalibrating-risk-report.pdf", @@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ }, { "type": "Title", - "element_id": "53d548aa01fc3eb72da15a5be7f235e2", + "element_id": "2fa985d0a50e61b09ec22c447cc4b2c9", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/recalibrating-risk-report.pdf", @@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "ee4ac543bf2035b86b6818e06e3a0a90", + "element_id": "f62c49fcf0a7960d0b509e37507d76d3", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/recalibrating-risk-report.pdf", @@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 3 }, - "text": "Expanding the use of nuclear energy is essential for solving some of the biggest challenges facing humanity. Nuclear power has already played a major role in avoiding the emission of air pollutants and greenhouse gases, a role that will have to be greatly expanded in the future to ensure global energy supplies are decarbonized by 2050. Nuclear energy will also play a major part in ensuring that the transition to a low-carbon future is done in an equitable fashion, providing people across the world with a high-powered and sustainable future." + "text": "Therefore, World Nuclear Association calls upon policymakers and regulators to adopt an all-hazards approach, where different risks associated with energy producing technologies are placed in perspective and the appropriate context, and examined in line with the latest scientific evidence. Policymakers and regulators must ensure that their decisions regarding radiation protection do not create greater risks elsewhere. This include the recalibration of existing regulations regarding nuclear power and radiation, weighing the cost of regulatory measures against the societal benefits provided by nuclear energy." }, { "type": "NarrativeText", @@ -181,7 +181,7 @@ }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "f62c49fcf0a7960d0b509e37507d76d3", + "element_id": "ee4ac543bf2035b86b6818e06e3a0a90", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/recalibrating-risk-report.pdf", @@ -195,10 +195,10 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 3 }, - "text": "Therefore, World Nuclear Association calls upon policymakers and regulators to adopt an all-hazards approach, where different risks associated with energy producing technologies are placed in perspective and the appropriate context, and examined in line with the latest scientific evidence. Policymakers and regulators must ensure that their decisions regarding radiation protection do not create greater risks elsewhere. This include the recalibration of existing regulations regarding nuclear power and radiation, weighing the cost of regulatory measures against the societal benefits provided by nuclear energy." + "text": "Expanding the use of nuclear energy is essential for solving some of the biggest challenges facing humanity. Nuclear power has already played a major role in avoiding the emission of air pollutants and greenhouse gases, a role that will have to be greatly expanded in the future to ensure global energy supplies are decarbonized by 2050. Nuclear energy will also play a major part in ensuring that the transition to a low-carbon future is done in an equitable fashion, providing people across the world with a high-powered and sustainable future." }, { - "type": "UncategorizedText", + "type": "Footer", "element_id": "6b86b273ff34fce19d6b804eff5a3f57", "metadata": { "data_source": { @@ -216,8 +216,8 @@ "text": "1" }, { - "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "f193ae2dc90e6bc6856125ad88fdab12", + "type": "Title", + "element_id": "6b3149c1769f5cd200ec2a0017b936dc", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/recalibrating-risk-report.pdf", @@ -235,7 +235,7 @@ }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "3cf0a9c5ad0cacc724f90abbe99664d9", + "element_id": "ce5bcf6b4fe24d62bd24d156d5bc965e", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/recalibrating-risk-report.pdf", @@ -249,11 +249,11 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 4 }, - "text": "In reality, radiation is a natural part of life; indeed, we are all exposed to radiation every day, on average receiving 2-3 millisieverts (mSv) per year. Most of this radiation is naturally occurring, with radon gas from the ground being the main source of exposure. The nuclear industry is responsible for a very small part of radiation exposure to the public, as seen in Figure 2. To put this into perspective, eating 10 bananas or two Brazil nuts results in the same radiation dose as living nearby a nuclear power plant for a year. Humans are also naturally radioactive, and the radiation dose from sleeping next to someone else each night for a year is ten times higher than the exposure from living nearby a nuclear power plant for the same time span." + "text": "It is widely accepted that humans have skewed perceptions of risks, and the way we respond to them is shaped by these perceptions, rather than the actual threats posed. Approximately 1.35 millioni people die every year because of traffic accidents, in comparison with 257 aviation fatalities in 2019ii, yet more people are nervous about flying, fearing a rare deadly crash, than being in a fatal traffic accident. These numbers tell a powerful and well-established story: evaluations of risk are largely the result of emotions, rather than logic or facts. Although it is hard to recognize and accept that our perceptions may mislead us and curtail effective decision making, this is a well-established characteristic of humanity." }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "ce5bcf6b4fe24d62bd24d156d5bc965e", + "element_id": "45e9c81bf6ccdc498a6ac5640d786736", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/recalibrating-risk-report.pdf", @@ -267,11 +267,11 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 4 }, - "text": "It is widely accepted that humans have skewed perceptions of risks, and the way we respond to them is shaped by these perceptions, rather than the actual threats posed. Approximately 1.35 millioni people die every year because of traffic accidents, in comparison with 257 aviation fatalities in 2019ii, yet more people are nervous about flying, fearing a rare deadly crash, than being in a fatal traffic accident. These numbers tell a powerful and well-established story: evaluations of risk are largely the result of emotions, rather than logic or facts. Although it is hard to recognize and accept that our perceptions may mislead us and curtail effective decision making, this is a well-established characteristic of humanity." + "text": "Nuclear energy and the risk of radiation is one of the most extreme cases in which perceived and actual risks have diverged. The fear of radiation, whilst pre- dating the Second World War, was firmly established by the debate on the potential impacts of low-dose radiation from the fallout from nuclear weapons testing in the early years of the Cold War. Radiation in many ways became linked with the mental imagery of nuclear war, playing an important role in increasing public concern about radiation and its health effects. There is a well-established discrepancy between fact-based risk assessments and public perception of different risks. This is very much the case with nuclear power, and this is clearly highlighted in Figure 1, with laypersons ranking nuclear power as the highest risk out of 30 activities and technologies, with experts ranking nuclear as 20th. In many ways, popular culture’s depiction of radiation has played a role in ensuring that this discrepancy has remained, be it Godzilla, The Incredible Hulk, or The Simpsons, which regularly plays on the notion of radiation from nuclear power plants causing three-eyed fish, something that has been firmly rejected as unscientific." }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "45e9c81bf6ccdc498a6ac5640d786736", + "element_id": "3cf0a9c5ad0cacc724f90abbe99664d9", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/recalibrating-risk-report.pdf", @@ -285,7 +285,7 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 4 }, - "text": "Nuclear energy and the risk of radiation is one of the most extreme cases in which perceived and actual risks have diverged. The fear of radiation, whilst pre- dating the Second World War, was firmly established by the debate on the potential impacts of low-dose radiation from the fallout from nuclear weapons testing in the early years of the Cold War. Radiation in many ways became linked with the mental imagery of nuclear war, playing an important role in increasing public concern about radiation and its health effects. There is a well-established discrepancy between fact-based risk assessments and public perception of different risks. This is very much the case with nuclear power, and this is clearly highlighted in Figure 1, with laypersons ranking nuclear power as the highest risk out of 30 activities and technologies, with experts ranking nuclear as 20th. In many ways, popular culture’s depiction of radiation has played a role in ensuring that this discrepancy has remained, be it Godzilla, The Incredible Hulk, or The Simpsons, which regularly plays on the notion of radiation from nuclear power plants causing three-eyed fish, something that has been firmly rejected as unscientific." + "text": "In reality, radiation is a natural part of life; indeed, we are all exposed to radiation every day, on average receiving 2-3 millisieverts (mSv) per year. Most of this radiation is naturally occurring, with radon gas from the ground being the main source of exposure. The nuclear industry is responsible for a very small part of radiation exposure to the public, as seen in Figure 2. To put this into perspective, eating 10 bananas or two Brazil nuts results in the same radiation dose as living nearby a nuclear power plant for a year. Humans are also naturally radioactive, and the radiation dose from sleeping next to someone else each night for a year is ten times higher than the exposure from living nearby a nuclear power plant for the same time span." }, { "type": "Title", @@ -305,9 +305,27 @@ }, "text": "Rank Order Laypersons" }, + { + "type": "Table", + "element_id": "07e04cdff751f52e042c08c1b265b6f5", + "metadata": { + "data_source": { + "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/recalibrating-risk-report.pdf", + "version": 306475068461766865312866697521104206816, + "record_locator": { + "protocol": "s3", + "remote_file_path": "utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/recalibrating-risk-report.pdf" + }, + "date_modified": "2023-02-12T10:09:32" + }, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 4 + }, + "text": "_Laypersons Experts 1 2 3 Handguns 4 + Nuclear power 20 Motor vehicles 1 4 Smoking 2 17 Electric power (non-nuclear) 9 1 | + + 22 xrays 7 30 Vaccinations 25" + }, { "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "624b60c58c9d8bfb6ff1886c2fd605d2", + "element_id": "4523540f1504cd17100c4835e85b7eef", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/recalibrating-risk-report.pdf", @@ -321,11 +339,11 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 4 }, - "text": "30" + "text": "17" }, { "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "785f3ec7eb32f30b90cd0fcf3657d388", + "element_id": "624b60c58c9d8bfb6ff1886c2fd605d2", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/recalibrating-risk-report.pdf", @@ -339,11 +357,11 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 4 }, - "text": "22" + "text": "30" }, { "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "4523540f1504cd17100c4835e85b7eef", + "element_id": "785f3ec7eb32f30b90cd0fcf3657d388", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/recalibrating-risk-report.pdf", @@ -357,7 +375,7 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 4 }, - "text": "17" + "text": "22" }, { "type": "UncategorizedText", @@ -559,7 +577,7 @@ }, { "type": "Title", - "element_id": "602d25f25cca4ebb709f8b48f54d99d9", + "element_id": "82a60569029ed9032f1b08891e8524c2", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/recalibrating-risk-report.pdf", @@ -573,11 +591,11 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 4 }, - "text": "Motor vehicles" + "text": "Nuclear power" }, { "type": "Title", - "element_id": "82a60569029ed9032f1b08891e8524c2", + "element_id": "602d25f25cca4ebb709f8b48f54d99d9", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/recalibrating-risk-report.pdf", @@ -591,7 +609,7 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 4 }, - "text": "Nuclear power" + "text": "Motor vehicles" }, { "type": "Title", @@ -703,7 +721,7 @@ }, { "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "4b227777d4dd1fc61c6f884f48641d02", + "element_id": "19581e27de7ced00ff1ce50b2047e7a5", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/recalibrating-risk-report.pdf", @@ -717,11 +735,11 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 4 }, - "text": "4" + "text": "9" }, { "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "19581e27de7ced00ff1ce50b2047e7a5", + "element_id": "d4735e3a265e16eee03f59718b9b5d03", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/recalibrating-risk-report.pdf", @@ -735,11 +753,11 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 4 }, - "text": "9" + "text": "2" }, { "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "6b86b273ff34fce19d6b804eff5a3f57", + "element_id": "7902699be42c8a8e46fbbb4501726517", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/recalibrating-risk-report.pdf", @@ -753,11 +771,11 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 4 }, - "text": "1" + "text": "7" }, { "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "7902699be42c8a8e46fbbb4501726517", + "element_id": "4b227777d4dd1fc61c6f884f48641d02", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/recalibrating-risk-report.pdf", @@ -771,11 +789,11 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 4 }, - "text": "7" + "text": "4" }, { "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "d4735e3a265e16eee03f59718b9b5d03", + "element_id": "6b86b273ff34fce19d6b804eff5a3f57", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/recalibrating-risk-report.pdf", @@ -789,7 +807,7 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 4 }, - "text": "2" + "text": "1" }, { "type": "UncategorizedText", @@ -829,7 +847,7 @@ }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "3d8430367bf97300ddf3963de02bb5f4", + "element_id": "0d28f703c3b3aa9fee1f9f08fa688409", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/recalibrating-risk-report.pdf", @@ -846,8 +864,8 @@ "text": "1 The original study was published in 1978, but its findings have been confirmed by numerous studies since." }, { - "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "d4735e3a265e16eee03f59718b9b5d03", + "type": "Footer", + "element_id": "53c234e5e8472b6ac51c1ae1cab3fe06", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/recalibrating-risk-report.pdf", @@ -864,8 +882,8 @@ "text": "2" }, { - "type": "Title", - "element_id": "d6acb6d51cfc574936fc79bc06b8a371", + "type": "Image", + "element_id": "aa493f4c5f573e209dc5e56d5e2a341f", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/recalibrating-risk-report.pdf", @@ -879,11 +897,11 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 5 }, - "text": "Natural" + "text": "Natural Artificial @ 48% Radon @ 11% Medicine @ 14% Buildings & soil @ 0.4% = Fallout @ 12% Food & water @ 0.4% Miscellaneous @ 10% Cosmic @ 0.2% Occupational @ 4% = Thoron @ 0.04% Nuclear discharges " }, { - "type": "Title", - "element_id": "d6acb6d51cfc574936fc79bc06b8a371", + "type": "FigureCaption", + "element_id": "9b657ab0d2ea482c887c7877ba86598d", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/recalibrating-risk-report.pdf", @@ -897,11 +915,11 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 5 }, - "text": "Natural" + "text": "Figure 2. Global average exposure from different sources of radiation" }, { - "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "d4a293a7987bc37f4a826e0da1961aab", + "type": "NarrativeText", + "element_id": "4469b98946c004fbae47ad6285c9bba4", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/recalibrating-risk-report.pdf", @@ -915,11 +933,11 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 5 }, - "text": " 48% Radon  14% Buildings & soil  12% Food & water  10% Cosmic  4% Thoron" + "text": "Fossil fuels – currently accounting for around 81% of total energy supplyiv – cause significant levels of emissions in terms of both greenhouse gases and air pollutants. Despite the serious and ongoing health and environmental harms caused by air pollution, it is often considered to be an inevitable consequence of economic development. Air pollution’s contribution to the burden of disease is profound, with an estimated 8.7 million people dying worldwide prematurely in 2018 alonev,vi. Despite this, it fails to induce the same fears and anxieties in people as nuclear energy does." }, { - "type": "Title", - "element_id": "8c3274ea479fd4a25c0b5611a8e48662", + "type": "NarrativeText", + "element_id": "cbf390f564b0b1197deb5bf3dd999291", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/recalibrating-risk-report.pdf", @@ -933,11 +951,11 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 5 }, - "text": "Artificial" + "text": "In terms of accidents, hydropower is the deadliest electricity generator, mostly due to collapsing dams and the consequences of flooding. The Banqiao Dam failure in 1975 led to at least 26,000 people drowning, and as many as 150,000 deaths resulting from the secondary effects of the accident. In comparison, radiation exposure following Chernobyl caused 54 deaths2, while no casualties due to radiation are likely to occur from the accident at Fukushima Daiichi." }, { "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "0f748653e413fbddbb18262352d56b23", + "element_id": "6a3adc54db5128f797d4a12855193373", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/recalibrating-risk-report.pdf", @@ -951,11 +969,11 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 5 }, - "text": " 11% Medicine  0.4%  0.4% Miscellaneous  0.2% Occupational  0.04% Nuclear discharges" + "text": "24.6" }, { - "type": "Title", - "element_id": "039bede24e51e7c42ce352c25b6427c0", + "type": "NarrativeText", + "element_id": "e11247712b3df61756970b45f019ad68", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/recalibrating-risk-report.pdf", @@ -969,11 +987,11 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 5 }, - "text": "Fallout" + "text": "r a e y" }, { - "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "9b657ab0d2ea482c887c7877ba86598d", + "type": "Title", + "element_id": "3f79bb7b435b05321651daefd374cdc6", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/recalibrating-risk-report.pdf", @@ -987,11 +1005,11 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 5 }, - "text": "Figure 2. Global average exposure from different sources of radiation" + "text": "e" }, { - "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "4469b98946c004fbae47ad6285c9bba4", + "type": "Title", + "element_id": "f83714d89302473e0e4f5399bd50e7a9", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/recalibrating-risk-report.pdf", @@ -1005,11 +1023,11 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 5 }, - "text": "Fossil fuels – currently accounting for around 81% of total energy supplyiv – cause significant levels of emissions in terms of both greenhouse gases and air pollutants. Despite the serious and ongoing health and environmental harms caused by air pollution, it is often considered to be an inevitable consequence of economic development. Air pollution’s contribution to the burden of disease is profound, with an estimated 8.7 million people dying worldwide prematurely in 2018 alonev,vi. Despite this, it fails to induce the same fears and anxieties in people as nuclear energy does." + "text": "W T" }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "cbf390f564b0b1197deb5bf3dd999291", + "element_id": "f9bb49945b60897227abdd75b5f8d39b", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/recalibrating-risk-report.pdf", @@ -1023,11 +1041,11 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 5 }, - "text": "In terms of accidents, hydropower is the deadliest electricity generator, mostly due to collapsing dams and the consequences of flooding. The Banqiao Dam failure in 1975 led to at least 26,000 people drowning, and as many as 150,000 deaths resulting from the secondary effects of the accident. In comparison, radiation exposure following Chernobyl caused 54 deaths2, while no casualties due to radiation are likely to occur from the accident at Fukushima Daiichi." + "text": "r e p s e i t i l" }, { - "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "b7a56873cd771f2c446d369b649430b6", + "type": "Title", + "element_id": "1fb2ec4fc8fc547c0de86ba79ba651e5", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/recalibrating-risk-report.pdf", @@ -1041,11 +1059,11 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 5 }, - "text": "25" + "text": "a t a F" }, { - "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "6a3adc54db5128f797d4a12855193373", + "type": "Image", + "element_id": "226de27a8eeb930616d6b9c4aa4dc574", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/recalibrating-risk-report.pdf", @@ -1059,11 +1077,11 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 5 }, - "text": "24.6" + "text": " 05 24.6 20 18.4 S15 10 46 28 5 || 0.07 0.04 0.02 0.01 > SS I ~— ~— es ° & Se es oe oe & ro se s& e as" }, { - "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "f5ca38f748a1d6eaf726b8a42fb575c3", + "type": "FigureCaption", + "element_id": "8e44807922e69a38594c4b389cd0be54", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/recalibrating-risk-report.pdf", @@ -1077,11 +1095,11 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 5 }, - "text": "20" + "text": "Figure 3. Comparison of number of fatalities due to electricity generation, including accidents and air pollution3" }, { - "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "dfb6b8c404e0fa2b32def4ba49e00b3c", + "type": "NarrativeText", + "element_id": "bf88d949b16b32347c420a66fa413d49", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/recalibrating-risk-report.pdf", @@ -1095,11 +1113,11 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 5 }, - "text": "18.4" + "text": "Contrary to perceptions, nuclear is an incredibly safe source of energy (see Figure 3 for a comparison). What is also clear is that the continued use of alternative energy sources in preference to nuclear energy – in particular fossil fuels – poses a far greater risk to public health by significantly contributing to climate change and air pollution." }, { - "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "e11247712b3df61756970b45f019ad68", + "type": "ListItem", + "element_id": "9f9b01127f5b3b297b3759a8e205ad59", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/recalibrating-risk-report.pdf", @@ -1113,11 +1131,11 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 5 }, - "text": "r a e y" + "text": "$ Sources drawn upon: Markandya, A., & Wilkinson, P. (2007), Sovacool et al. (2016). Data for nuclear accidents modified to reflect the 2012 UNSCEAR report and the 2015 US NRC SOARCA study." }, { - "type": "Title", - "element_id": "3f79bb7b435b05321651daefd374cdc6", + "type": "NarrativeText", + "element_id": "e450813fe6430d87c4caa64e4792bc74", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/recalibrating-risk-report.pdf", @@ -1131,11 +1149,11 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 5 }, - "text": "e" + "text": "2 Including 28 firefighters that were exposed to lethal amounts of radiation during the accident night, and 15 fatal cases of thyroid cancer. 3 Sources drawn upon: Markandya, A., & Wilkinson, P. (2007), Sovacool et al. (2016). Data for nuclear accidents modified to reflect the" }, { - "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "e629fa6598d732768f7c726b4b621285", + "type": "Header", + "element_id": "4e07408562bedb8b60ce05c1decfe3ad", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/recalibrating-risk-report.pdf", @@ -1149,11 +1167,11 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 5 }, - "text": "15" + "text": "3" }, { - "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "dca468ba69cda6650ce03d976c274c66", + "type": "Title", + "element_id": "b6812463b15ddda3f2402dfda95d2c86", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/recalibrating-risk-report.pdf", @@ -1165,13 +1183,13 @@ "date_modified": "2023-02-12T10:09:32" }, "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 5 + "page_number": 6 }, - "text": "S15" + "text": "The low-dose question" }, { - "type": "Title", - "element_id": "f83714d89302473e0e4f5399bd50e7a9", + "type": "NarrativeText", + "element_id": "ec0fb27e2a16f77899bf83591cd2d0de", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/recalibrating-risk-report.pdf", @@ -1183,13 +1201,13 @@ "date_modified": "2023-02-12T10:09:32" }, "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 5 + "page_number": 6 }, - "text": "W T" + "text": "Since the 1950s, the Linear No-Threshold (LNT) theory has been used to inform regulatory decisions, positing that any dose of radiation, regardless of the amount or the duration over which it is received, poses a risk. Assuming that LNT is correct, we should expect to see that people living in areas of the world where background doses are higher (e.g. India, Iran and northern Europe) have a higher incidence of cancer. However, despite people living in areas of the world where radiation doses are naturally higher than those that would be received in parts of the evacuation zones around Chernobyl and Fukushima Daiichi, there is no evidence that these populations exhibit any negative health effects. Living nearby a nuclear power plant on average exposes the local population to 0.00009mSv/year, which according to LNT would increase the risk of developing cancer by 0.00000045%. After Chernobyl, the average dose to those evacuated was 30mSv, which would theoretically increase the risk of cancer at some point in their lifetime by 0.15% (on top of the average baseline lifetime risk of cancer, which is 39.5% in the USviii, 50% in the UKix)." }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "f9bb49945b60897227abdd75b5f8d39b", + "element_id": "d6bd9451ceee595c090d110656bb1b2b", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/recalibrating-risk-report.pdf", @@ -1201,13 +1219,13 @@ "date_modified": "2023-02-12T10:09:32" }, "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 5 + "page_number": 6 }, - "text": "r e p s e i t i l" + "text": "Since the 1980s, there has been considerable scientific debate as to whether the LNT theory is valid, following scientific breakthroughs within, for example, radiobiology and medicine. Indeed, the Chernobyl accident helped illuminate some of the issues associated with LNT. Multiplication of the low doses after the accident (many far too low to be of any health concern) with large populations – using the assumptions made by LNT – led to a large number of predicted cancer deaths, which have not, and likely will not materialize. This practice has been heavily criticized for being inappropriate in making risk assessments by UNSCEAR, the International Commission on Radiation Protection and a large number of independent scientists." }, { - "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "4a44dc15364204a80fe80e9039455cc1", + "type": "NarrativeText", + "element_id": "d8c68c0317a4a3867de201703e068e2e", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/recalibrating-risk-report.pdf", @@ -1219,13 +1237,13 @@ "date_modified": "2023-02-12T10:09:32" }, "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 5 + "page_number": 6 }, - "text": "10" + "text": "Determining the precise risk (or lack thereof) of the extremely small radiation doses associated with the routine operations of nuclear power plants, the disposal of nuclear waste or even extremely rare nuclear accidents is a purely academic exercise, that tries to determine whether the risk is extremely low, too small to detect, or non- existent. The risks of low-level radiation pale in comparison to other societal risks such as obesity, smoking, and air pollution." }, { - "type": "Title", - "element_id": "1fb2ec4fc8fc547c0de86ba79ba651e5", + "type": "NarrativeText", + "element_id": "e5dec03340d86adfd26612d5d06ab5e6", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/recalibrating-risk-report.pdf", @@ -1237,13 +1255,13 @@ "date_modified": "2023-02-12T10:09:32" }, "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 5 + "page_number": 6 }, - "text": "a t a F" + "text": "By looking at radiation risks in isolation, we prolong the over-regulation of radiation in nuclear plants, driving up costs, whilst not delivering any additional health benefits, in turn incentivising the use of more harmful energy sources. A recalibration is required, and this can only done by ensuring a holistic approach to risk is taken." }, { - "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "ef2d127de37b942baad06145e54b0c61", + "type": "Footer", + "element_id": "7de1555df0c2700329e815b93b32c571", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/recalibrating-risk-report.pdf", @@ -1255,13 +1273,13 @@ "date_modified": "2023-02-12T10:09:32" }, "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 5 + "page_number": 6 }, - "text": "5" + "text": "4" }, { - "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "8bf40d0515e8461bd30866c2eb8ac250", + "type": "Title", + "element_id": "3506b7d2b1626663985ae1a521a60fe1", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/recalibrating-risk-report.pdf", @@ -1273,13 +1291,13 @@ "date_modified": "2023-02-12T10:09:32" }, "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 5 + "page_number": 7 }, - "text": "4.6" + "text": "Adopting an all-hazards approach" }, { - "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "c020bad937ece011339d7447ee0ac9fa", + "type": "NarrativeText", + "element_id": "07ed21008ec3f8801f7cbb1fc670d4db", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/recalibrating-risk-report.pdf", @@ -1291,13 +1309,13 @@ "date_modified": "2023-02-12T10:09:32" }, "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 5 + "page_number": 7 }, - "text": "2.8" + "text": "The overall regulatory philosophy, at least theoretically, used in the nuclear industry is the ALARA (As Low As Reasonably Achievable) principle, where any regulatory action on radiation should account for socio- economic benefits and costs, as opposed to making decisions based on radiation risks alone." }, { - "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "5feceb66ffc86f38d952786c6d696c79", + "type": "NarrativeText", + "element_id": "00548dbd288df8370c39789adb302f50", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/recalibrating-risk-report.pdf", @@ -1309,13 +1327,13 @@ "date_modified": "2023-02-12T10:09:32" }, "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 5 + "page_number": 7 }, - "text": "0" + "text": "Contemporary debates around nuclear energy often reflect the precautionary principle, a problematic concept applied across a range of regulatory and policy issues. A ‘strong’ interpretation of the precautionary principle, or a ‘as low as possible’ approach to risk, dictates that regulation is required whenever there is a potential adverse health risk, even if the evidence is not certain and regardless of the cost of regulation." }, { - "type": "Title", - "element_id": "51229f9593cbcb7c8e25059c004d67b0", + "type": "NarrativeText", + "element_id": "ba80f89ec0449fefee24b33fbb7e29b6", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/recalibrating-risk-report.pdf", @@ -1327,13 +1345,13 @@ "date_modified": "2023-02-12T10:09:32" }, "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 5 + "page_number": 7 }, - "text": "|| es" + "text": "However, the regulatory process and the policy debate around nuclear more broadly has long departed from the ALARA principle, no longer weighing cost versus benefits, or considering the overall advantages of nuclear energy, but rather looking at radiation in isolation. This has resulted in a subtle shift towards an ‘as low as possible’ mentality. Attempting to reduce radiation far below de facto safe levels has resulted in an escalation of costs and loss of public confidence, and in some cases has deprived communities of the many benefits nuclear energy provides. In practical terms, this has led to the continued use of more harmful energy sources, such as fossil fuels." }, { - "type": "Title", - "element_id": "6c25ebfc9ffd2510c4c41d4bd5cb7ea9", + "type": "NarrativeText", + "element_id": "9e9ed8938e271667a9512898d2ca629b", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/recalibrating-risk-report.pdf", @@ -1345,13 +1363,13 @@ "date_modified": "2023-02-12T10:09:32" }, "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 5 + "page_number": 7 }, - "text": "C oal" + "text": "If the potential of nuclear energy is to be fully realized, public health and safety approaches must be recalibrated to consider a wider range of factors when considering radiation, adopting an “all-hazards” approach. Such an approach must ensure that risks are placed within a proper perspective and context, rather than looking at them in isolation. We therefore must not look at the costs – be they economic, environmental, or public health – associated with an individual power plant in isolation, but rather the costs associated with it (and its alternatives) at a societal level (Figure 4). This would entail looking at the potential risks arising from the use of nuclear power and comparing these with the risks associated with not adopting nuclear power." }, { - "type": "Title", - "element_id": "2378bdd2cf4f491cf401e6b215cbb4fd", + "type": "Image", + "element_id": "72b1be8b707acf2f917fef7ea176ec32", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/recalibrating-risk-report.pdf", @@ -1363,13 +1381,13 @@ "date_modified": "2023-02-12T10:09:32" }, "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 5 + "page_number": 7 }, - "text": "Oil" + "text": "ae) Plant-level Social and flea productio Grid-level costs environmental costs of at market pri of the electricity emissions, land-use, system climate change, security of supply, etc. " }, { - "type": "Title", - "element_id": "3a21fb0158c2ea04834163deee74a836", + "type": "FigureCaption", + "element_id": "567f470fb4fb5c58b115fbe79a425970", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/recalibrating-risk-report.pdf", @@ -1381,13 +1399,13 @@ "date_modified": "2023-02-12T10:09:32" }, "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 5 + "page_number": 7 }, - "text": "Bio m ass" + "text": "Figure 4. The different levels of cost associated with electricity generationx" }, { - "type": "Title", - "element_id": "4fabb98454d019811a732c4a09f31bf0", + "type": "NarrativeText", + "element_id": "6595e50969f899bd2fa05c0d7a8a682c", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/recalibrating-risk-report.pdf", @@ -1399,13 +1417,13 @@ "date_modified": "2023-02-12T10:09:32" }, "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 5 + "page_number": 7 }, - "text": "N atural gas" + "text": "A more holistic regulatory process would be required, in which regulators move away from being siloed, looking at specific risks in isolation, with little regard for the greater picture. The move towards an all-hazard, holistic approach would require greater coordination between regulators, ensuring that the combined risks of a specific nuclear project are weighed against the risks posed by not advancing said project." }, { - "type": "Title", - "element_id": "d151346fe7eea3c6a0865199579ca601", + "type": "NarrativeText", + "element_id": "07958b72a8f6127e362d9ce84be7ea54", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/recalibrating-risk-report.pdf", @@ -1417,13 +1435,13 @@ "date_modified": "2023-02-12T10:09:32" }, "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 5 + "page_number": 7 }, - "text": "Wind" + "text": "Equally, the adoption of an all-hazards approach means regulators should consider declaring when a risk is too low to be a public health concern, in line with what the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission attempted to do with its Below Regulatory Concern policy statements in the 1980s and early 1990s. In the context of nuclear power, this means departing from the notion that LNT instils of no safe level of radiation, and adopting a regulatory framework which notes the impossibility of eradicating risks. Failing to do so will result in excessive regulation that continues to limit the full potential of nuclear power in tackling climate change and sees a continued reliance on objectively more harmful energy sources." }, { - "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "91539d7445b231b3612c4f68bd077160", + "type": "Header", + "element_id": "ef2d127de37b942baad06145e54b0c61", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/recalibrating-risk-report.pdf", @@ -1435,13 +1453,13 @@ "date_modified": "2023-02-12T10:09:32" }, "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 5 + "page_number": 7 }, - "text": "0.07" + "text": "5" }, { - "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "5275a384f63ded9bf8541f52dec2c2cb", + "type": "Title", + "element_id": "75ed57ac08703850c3e6aa55ac4aea97", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/recalibrating-risk-report.pdf", @@ -1453,13 +1471,13 @@ "date_modified": "2023-02-12T10:09:32" }, "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 5 + "page_number": 8 }, - "text": "H ydropo w er" + "text": "Recalibrating the risk conversation" }, { - "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "a888fe9e2469182b8e3e3bca241d3189", + "type": "NarrativeText", + "element_id": "7cb6cd150bb2cc2a0f10ba8584c285c7", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/recalibrating-risk-report.pdf", @@ -1471,13 +1489,13 @@ "date_modified": "2023-02-12T10:09:32" }, "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 5 + "page_number": 8 }, - "text": "0.04" + "text": "By looking at radiation risks in isolation, we have created something akin to a “radiation phobia”, that both directly and indirectly harms people around the world. For instance, it is well established that the vast majority of health impacts from Chernobyl and Fukushima Daiichi were not radiological, but rather psychosocial. There has been an observable and dramatic increase in depression, PTSD, substance abuse, and suicides following these events, which can be significantly attributed to the dissonance between the actual and perceived risks of radiation, and the stigmatization they caused." }, { - "type": "Title", - "element_id": "d3d1de6bcd7ebe2351be9f53551f7eb9", + "type": "NarrativeText", + "element_id": "5165336fa7f2d57e7fa5030f6b4f6a24", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/recalibrating-risk-report.pdf", @@ -1489,31 +1507,13 @@ "date_modified": "2023-02-12T10:09:32" }, "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 5 + "page_number": 8 }, - "text": "S olar" - }, - { - "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "a7e46abf169710b34fe8898b950d57ec", - "metadata": { - "data_source": { - "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/recalibrating-risk-report.pdf", - "version": 306475068461766865312866697521104206816, - "record_locator": { - "protocol": "s3", - "remote_file_path": "utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/recalibrating-risk-report.pdf" - }, - "date_modified": "2023-02-12T10:09:32" - }, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 5 - }, - "text": "0.02" + "text": "Similarly, many of the tremendous challenges the global community faces are significantly driven by this “radiation phobia”. Indeed, several of these issues have been considerably exacerbated by the fact that certain risks are given a disproportionate amount of focus, whereas others are de facto ignored. The global conversation around climate change is a prime example of this. The historical use of fossil fuels has contributed significantly to climate change through greenhouse gas emissions, causing unprecedented changes in the liveability of the Earth. By 2025, half of the world’s population will be living in water-stressed areas, as extreme heat and droughts are exacerbating water resources. Between 2030 and 2050, climate change is expected to be the cause of an additional 250,000 deaths per year, arising from malnutrition, malaria, diarrhoea and heat stressx. Yet, despite the huge risks associated with climate change, our addiction to coal, oil, and fossil gas remains, with fossil fuels providing 84% of global primary energy in 2019xii. The continued prioritization of fossil fuels at the expense of nuclear energy results in a considerable increase in the risks posed by climate change." }, { - "type": "Title", - "element_id": "6dc76d1e1c35d4253537250288157d0c", + "type": "FigureCaption", + "element_id": "29215d2c137a392941315c6c7a67e8fd", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/recalibrating-risk-report.pdf", @@ -1525,13 +1525,13 @@ "date_modified": "2023-02-12T10:09:32" }, "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 5 + "page_number": 8 }, - "text": "N uclear" + "text": "Equally, it is well established that living without access to electricity results in illness and death around the world, caused by everything from not having access to modern healthcare to household air pollution. As of today, 770 million people around the world do not have access to electricity, with over 75% of that population living in Sub-Saharan Africa. The world's poorest 4 billion people consume a mere 5% of the energy used in developed economies, and we need to find ways of delivering reliable electricity to the entire human population in a fashion that is sustainable. Household and ambient air pollution causes 8.7 million deaths each year, largely because of the continued use of fossil fuels. Widespread electrification is a key tool for delivering a just energy transition. Investment in nuclear, has become an urgent necessity. Discarding it, based on risk perceptions divorced from science, would be to abandon the moral obligation to ensure affordable, reliable, and sustainable energy for every community around the world." }, { - "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "312b95ee5a344d2f7a16ad817ff70788", + "type": "Header", + "element_id": "e7f6c011776e8db7cd330b54174fd76f", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/recalibrating-risk-report.pdf", @@ -1543,13 +1543,13 @@ "date_modified": "2023-02-12T10:09:32" }, "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 5 + "page_number": 8 }, - "text": "0.01" + "text": "6" }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "a9d31d88b0e2026dbed12c8b5536ab2b", + "element_id": "d754d8d468346f652657279272a11897", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/recalibrating-risk-report.pdf", @@ -1561,13 +1561,13 @@ "date_modified": "2023-02-12T10:09:32" }, "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 5 + "page_number": 9 }, - "text": "Figure 3. Comparison of number of fatalities due to electricity generation, including accidents and air pollution®" + "text": "Clearly, we have reached a point where we must establish a new conversation about the relative risks of using nuclear, especially when risks created by other energy sources are considered. We cannot address many of the global challenges we face without a significant increase in the use of nuclear energy. The detrimental effects of decades of looking at nuclear risks in isolation highlights just how crucial it is that regulators and policymakers change the way they view nuclear energy, and transition towards an all-hazards approach, ensuring that actions taken to mitigate risks do not result in creating more severe risks." }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "bf88d949b16b32347c420a66fa413d49", + "element_id": "0714f9ff88637006bdb76908c7c936bf", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/recalibrating-risk-report.pdf", @@ -1579,13 +1579,13 @@ "date_modified": "2023-02-12T10:09:32" }, "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 5 + "page_number": 9 }, - "text": "Contrary to perceptions, nuclear is an incredibly safe source of energy (see Figure 3 for a comparison). What is also clear is that the continued use of alternative energy sources in preference to nuclear energy – in particular fossil fuels – poses a far greater risk to public health by significantly contributing to climate change and air pollution." + "text": "We must begin to holistically look at the severity of the consequences of maintaining the current energy production system, many of which are irreversible. The ways in which we address climate change and other issues of global importance must be sustainable and not create new hazards down the line. The reality is that nuclear has always been and remains an exceptionally safe source of energy, representing the lowest risk, the most sustainable, and the most affordable ways to generate around-the-clock electricity." }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "1ff44442b3a554331aaf4ffb30b7eda6", + "element_id": "f62c49fcf0a7960d0b509e37507d76d3", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/recalibrating-risk-report.pdf", @@ -1597,13 +1597,13 @@ "date_modified": "2023-02-12T10:09:32" }, "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 5 + "page_number": 9 }, - "text": "2 Including 28 firefighters that were exposed to lethal amounts of radiation during the accident night, and 15 fatal cases of thyroid cancer. $ Sources drawn upon: Markandya, A., & Wilkinson, P. (2007), Sovacool et al. (2016). Data for nuclear accidents modified to reflect the 2012 UNSCEAR report and the 2015 US NRC SOARCA study." + "text": "Therefore, World Nuclear Association calls upon policymakers and regulators to adopt an all-hazards approach, where different risks associated with energy producing technologies are placed in perspective and the appropriate context, and examined in line with the latest scientific evidence. Policymakers and regulators must ensure that their decisions regarding radiation protection do not create greater risks elsewhere. This include the recalibration of existing regulations regarding nuclear power and radiation, weighing the cost of regulatory measures against the societal benefits provided by nuclear energy." }, { - "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "4e07408562bedb8b60ce05c1decfe3ad", + "type": "Footer", + "element_id": "7902699be42c8a8e46fbbb4501726517", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/recalibrating-risk-report.pdf", @@ -1615,103 +1615,13 @@ "date_modified": "2023-02-12T10:09:32" }, "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 5 + "page_number": 9 }, - "text": "3" + "text": "7" }, { "type": "Title", - "element_id": "f5bda7d6ba9ea7120d7f4c11c8b8f1ae", - "metadata": { - "data_source": { - "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/recalibrating-risk-report.pdf", - "version": 306475068461766865312866697521104206816, - "record_locator": { - "protocol": "s3", - "remote_file_path": "utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/recalibrating-risk-report.pdf" - }, - "date_modified": "2023-02-12T10:09:32" - }, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 6 - }, - "text": "The low-dose question" - }, - { - "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "ec0fb27e2a16f77899bf83591cd2d0de", - "metadata": { - "data_source": { - "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/recalibrating-risk-report.pdf", - "version": 306475068461766865312866697521104206816, - "record_locator": { - "protocol": "s3", - "remote_file_path": "utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/recalibrating-risk-report.pdf" - }, - "date_modified": "2023-02-12T10:09:32" - }, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 6 - }, - "text": "Since the 1950s, the Linear No-Threshold (LNT) theory has been used to inform regulatory decisions, positing that any dose of radiation, regardless of the amount or the duration over which it is received, poses a risk. Assuming that LNT is correct, we should expect to see that people living in areas of the world where background doses are higher (e.g. India, Iran and northern Europe) have a higher incidence of cancer. However, despite people living in areas of the world where radiation doses are naturally higher than those that would be received in parts of the evacuation zones around Chernobyl and Fukushima Daiichi, there is no evidence that these populations exhibit any negative health effects. Living nearby a nuclear power plant on average exposes the local population to 0.00009mSv/year, which according to LNT would increase the risk of developing cancer by 0.00000045%. After Chernobyl, the average dose to those evacuated was 30mSv, which would theoretically increase the risk of cancer at some point in their lifetime by 0.15% (on top of the average baseline lifetime risk of cancer, which is 39.5% in the USviii, 50% in the UKix)." - }, - { - "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "d6bd9451ceee595c090d110656bb1b2b", - "metadata": { - "data_source": { - "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/recalibrating-risk-report.pdf", - "version": 306475068461766865312866697521104206816, - "record_locator": { - "protocol": "s3", - "remote_file_path": "utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/recalibrating-risk-report.pdf" - }, - "date_modified": "2023-02-12T10:09:32" - }, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 6 - }, - "text": "Since the 1980s, there has been considerable scientific debate as to whether the LNT theory is valid, following scientific breakthroughs within, for example, radiobiology and medicine. Indeed, the Chernobyl accident helped illuminate some of the issues associated with LNT. Multiplication of the low doses after the accident (many far too low to be of any health concern) with large populations – using the assumptions made by LNT – led to a large number of predicted cancer deaths, which have not, and likely will not materialize. This practice has been heavily criticized for being inappropriate in making risk assessments by UNSCEAR, the International Commission on Radiation Protection and a large number of independent scientists." - }, - { - "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "d8c68c0317a4a3867de201703e068e2e", - "metadata": { - "data_source": { - "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/recalibrating-risk-report.pdf", - "version": 306475068461766865312866697521104206816, - "record_locator": { - "protocol": "s3", - "remote_file_path": "utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/recalibrating-risk-report.pdf" - }, - "date_modified": "2023-02-12T10:09:32" - }, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 6 - }, - "text": "Determining the precise risk (or lack thereof) of the extremely small radiation doses associated with the routine operations of nuclear power plants, the disposal of nuclear waste or even extremely rare nuclear accidents is a purely academic exercise, that tries to determine whether the risk is extremely low, too small to detect, or non- existent. The risks of low-level radiation pale in comparison to other societal risks such as obesity, smoking, and air pollution." - }, - { - "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "e5dec03340d86adfd26612d5d06ab5e6", - "metadata": { - "data_source": { - "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/recalibrating-risk-report.pdf", - "version": 306475068461766865312866697521104206816, - "record_locator": { - "protocol": "s3", - "remote_file_path": "utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/recalibrating-risk-report.pdf" - }, - "date_modified": "2023-02-12T10:09:32" - }, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 6 - }, - "text": "By looking at radiation risks in isolation, we prolong the over-regulation of radiation in nuclear plants, driving up costs, whilst not delivering any additional health benefits, in turn incentivising the use of more harmful energy sources. A recalibration is required, and this can only done by ensuring a holistic approach to risk is taken." - }, - { - "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "4b227777d4dd1fc61c6f884f48641d02", + "element_id": "e56261e0bd30965b8e68ed2abb15b141", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/recalibrating-risk-report.pdf", @@ -1723,85 +1633,13 @@ "date_modified": "2023-02-12T10:09:32" }, "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 6 + "page_number": 10 }, - "text": "4" + "text": "References" }, { "type": "Title", - "element_id": "3506b7d2b1626663985ae1a521a60fe1", - "metadata": { - "data_source": { - "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/recalibrating-risk-report.pdf", - "version": 306475068461766865312866697521104206816, - "record_locator": { - "protocol": "s3", - "remote_file_path": "utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/recalibrating-risk-report.pdf" - }, - "date_modified": "2023-02-12T10:09:32" - }, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 7 - }, - "text": "Adopting an all-hazards approach" - }, - { - "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "ba80f89ec0449fefee24b33fbb7e29b6", - "metadata": { - "data_source": { - "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/recalibrating-risk-report.pdf", - "version": 306475068461766865312866697521104206816, - "record_locator": { - "protocol": "s3", - "remote_file_path": "utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/recalibrating-risk-report.pdf" - }, - "date_modified": "2023-02-12T10:09:32" - }, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 7 - }, - "text": "However, the regulatory process and the policy debate around nuclear more broadly has long departed from the ALARA principle, no longer weighing cost versus benefits, or considering the overall advantages of nuclear energy, but rather looking at radiation in isolation. This has resulted in a subtle shift towards an ‘as low as possible’ mentality. Attempting to reduce radiation far below de facto safe levels has resulted in an escalation of costs and loss of public confidence, and in some cases has deprived communities of the many benefits nuclear energy provides. In practical terms, this has led to the continued use of more harmful energy sources, such as fossil fuels." - }, - { - "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "07ed21008ec3f8801f7cbb1fc670d4db", - "metadata": { - "data_source": { - "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/recalibrating-risk-report.pdf", - "version": 306475068461766865312866697521104206816, - "record_locator": { - "protocol": "s3", - "remote_file_path": "utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/recalibrating-risk-report.pdf" - }, - "date_modified": "2023-02-12T10:09:32" - }, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 7 - }, - "text": "The overall regulatory philosophy, at least theoretically, used in the nuclear industry is the ALARA (As Low As Reasonably Achievable) principle, where any regulatory action on radiation should account for socio- economic benefits and costs, as opposed to making decisions based on radiation risks alone." - }, - { - "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "00548dbd288df8370c39789adb302f50", - "metadata": { - "data_source": { - "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/recalibrating-risk-report.pdf", - "version": 306475068461766865312866697521104206816, - "record_locator": { - "protocol": "s3", - "remote_file_path": "utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/recalibrating-risk-report.pdf" - }, - "date_modified": "2023-02-12T10:09:32" - }, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 7 - }, - "text": "Contemporary debates around nuclear energy often reflect the precautionary principle, a problematic concept applied across a range of regulatory and policy issues. A ‘strong’ interpretation of the precautionary principle, or a ‘as low as possible’ approach to risk, dictates that regulation is required whenever there is a potential adverse health risk, even if the evidence is not certain and regardless of the cost of regulation." - }, - { - "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "9e9ed8938e271667a9512898d2ca629b", + "element_id": "de7d1b721a1e0632b7cf04edf5032c8e", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/recalibrating-risk-report.pdf", @@ -1813,13 +1651,13 @@ "date_modified": "2023-02-12T10:09:32" }, "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 7 + "page_number": 10 }, - "text": "If the potential of nuclear energy is to be fully realized, public health and safety approaches must be recalibrated to consider a wider range of factors when considering radiation, adopting an “all-hazards” approach. Such an approach must ensure that risks are placed within a proper perspective and context, rather than looking at them in isolation. We therefore must not look at the costs – be they economic, environmental, or public health – associated with an individual power plant in isolation, but rather the costs associated with it (and its alternatives) at a societal level (Figure 4). This would entail looking at the potential risks arising from the use of nuclear power and comparing these with the risks associated with not adopting nuclear power." + "text": "i" }, { - "type": "Title", - "element_id": "7ec686735b6e51f8276b057051369b15", + "type": "ListItem", + "element_id": "c06ac75f019ceac1ff2baecfc090fd3e", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/recalibrating-risk-report.pdf", @@ -1831,13 +1669,13 @@ "date_modified": "2023-02-12T10:09:32" }, "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 7 + "page_number": 10 }, - "text": "ae) flea" + "text": "World Health Organization (2020). Road traffic injuries. Available at: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/ detail/road-traffic-injuries" }, { "type": "Title", - "element_id": "2470c376b60fd11fd9639e0e440ce0f5", + "element_id": "5d7f49449ab22deac22d767b89549c55", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/recalibrating-risk-report.pdf", @@ -1849,103 +1687,13 @@ "date_modified": "2023-02-12T10:09:32" }, "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 7 + "page_number": 10 }, - "text": "Plant-level production costs at market prices" + "text": "ii" }, { "type": "Title", - "element_id": "dde91891334d5ac0e2b4569680eb6f1e", - "metadata": { - "data_source": { - "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/recalibrating-risk-report.pdf", - "version": 306475068461766865312866697521104206816, - "record_locator": { - "protocol": "s3", - "remote_file_path": "utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/recalibrating-risk-report.pdf" - }, - "date_modified": "2023-02-12T10:09:32" - }, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 7 - }, - "text": "Grid-level costs of the electricity system" - }, - { - "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "fd38688f30f8b6e597d540ab0134278f", - "metadata": { - "data_source": { - "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/recalibrating-risk-report.pdf", - "version": 306475068461766865312866697521104206816, - "record_locator": { - "protocol": "s3", - "remote_file_path": "utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/recalibrating-risk-report.pdf" - }, - "date_modified": "2023-02-12T10:09:32" - }, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 7 - }, - "text": "Social and environmental costs of emissions, land-use, climate change, security of supply, etc." - }, - { - "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "567f470fb4fb5c58b115fbe79a425970", - "metadata": { - "data_source": { - "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/recalibrating-risk-report.pdf", - "version": 306475068461766865312866697521104206816, - "record_locator": { - "protocol": "s3", - "remote_file_path": "utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/recalibrating-risk-report.pdf" - }, - "date_modified": "2023-02-12T10:09:32" - }, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 7 - }, - "text": "Figure 4. The different levels of cost associated with electricity generationx" - }, - { - "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "6595e50969f899bd2fa05c0d7a8a682c", - "metadata": { - "data_source": { - "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/recalibrating-risk-report.pdf", - "version": 306475068461766865312866697521104206816, - "record_locator": { - "protocol": "s3", - "remote_file_path": "utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/recalibrating-risk-report.pdf" - }, - "date_modified": "2023-02-12T10:09:32" - }, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 7 - }, - "text": "A more holistic regulatory process would be required, in which regulators move away from being siloed, looking at specific risks in isolation, with little regard for the greater picture. The move towards an all-hazard, holistic approach would require greater coordination between regulators, ensuring that the combined risks of a specific nuclear project are weighed against the risks posed by not advancing said project." - }, - { - "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "07958b72a8f6127e362d9ce84be7ea54", - "metadata": { - "data_source": { - "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/recalibrating-risk-report.pdf", - "version": 306475068461766865312866697521104206816, - "record_locator": { - "protocol": "s3", - "remote_file_path": "utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/recalibrating-risk-report.pdf" - }, - "date_modified": "2023-02-12T10:09:32" - }, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 7 - }, - "text": "Equally, the adoption of an all-hazards approach means regulators should consider declaring when a risk is too low to be a public health concern, in line with what the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission attempted to do with its Below Regulatory Concern policy statements in the 1980s and early 1990s. In the context of nuclear power, this means departing from the notion that LNT instils of no safe level of radiation, and adopting a regulatory framework which notes the impossibility of eradicating risks. Failing to do so will result in excessive regulation that continues to limit the full potential of nuclear power in tackling climate change and sees a continued reliance on objectively more harmful energy sources." - }, - { - "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "ef2d127de37b942baad06145e54b0c61", + "element_id": "4c94485e0c21ae6c41ce1dfe7b6bface", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/recalibrating-risk-report.pdf", @@ -1957,13 +1705,13 @@ "date_modified": "2023-02-12T10:09:32" }, "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 7 + "page_number": 10 }, - "text": "5" + "text": "v" }, { "type": "Title", - "element_id": "75ed57ac08703850c3e6aa55ac4aea97", + "element_id": "c0ff93ea8927a7366db0331e5fd9d19f", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/recalibrating-risk-report.pdf", @@ -1975,13 +1723,13 @@ "date_modified": "2023-02-12T10:09:32" }, "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 8 + "page_number": 10 }, - "text": "Recalibrating the risk conversation" + "text": "vi" }, { - "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "7cb6cd150bb2cc2a0f10ba8584c285c7", + "type": "ListItem", + "element_id": "af64bcc9f6d36d2c339a592dc2ae75ff", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/recalibrating-risk-report.pdf", @@ -1993,13 +1741,13 @@ "date_modified": "2023-02-12T10:09:32" }, "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 8 + "page_number": 10 }, - "text": "By looking at radiation risks in isolation, we have created something akin to a “radiation phobia”, that both directly and indirectly harms people around the world. For instance, it is well established that the vast majority of health impacts from Chernobyl and Fukushima Daiichi were not radiological, but rather psychosocial. There has been an observable and dramatic increase in depression, PTSD, substance abuse, and suicides following these events, which can be significantly attributed to the dissonance between the actual and perceived risks of radiation, and the stigmatization they caused." + "text": "xii BP, 2020. BP Statistical Review of World Energy, London: BP." }, { - "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "5165336fa7f2d57e7fa5030f6b4f6a24", + "type": "ListItem", + "element_id": "18b2cdcbf43cbcab942c6ffa69abdc51", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/recalibrating-risk-report.pdf", @@ -2011,13 +1759,13 @@ "date_modified": "2023-02-12T10:09:32" }, "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 8 + "page_number": 10 }, - "text": "Similarly, many of the tremendous challenges the global community faces are significantly driven by this “radiation phobia”. Indeed, several of these issues have been considerably exacerbated by the fact that certain risks are given a disproportionate amount of focus, whereas others are de facto ignored. The global conversation around climate change is a prime example of this. The historical use of fossil fuels has contributed significantly to climate change through greenhouse gas emissions, causing unprecedented changes in the liveability of the Earth. By 2025, half of the world’s population will be living in water-stressed areas, as extreme heat and droughts are exacerbating water resources. Between 2030 and 2050, climate change is expected to be the cause of an additional 250,000 deaths per year, arising from malnutrition, malaria, diarrhoea and heat stressx. Yet, despite the huge risks associated with climate change, our addiction to coal, oil, and fossil gas remains, with fossil fuels providing 84% of global primary energy in 2019xii. The continued prioritization of fossil fuels at the expense of nuclear energy results in a considerable increase in the risks posed by climate change." + "text": "Slovic, P., 2010. The Psychology of risk. Saúde e Sociedade, 19(4), pp. 731-747." }, { - "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "29215d2c137a392941315c6c7a67e8fd", + "type": "ListItem", + "element_id": "46c6ddac9c0dadbc38d874f4b35fa235", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/recalibrating-risk-report.pdf", @@ -2029,13 +1777,13 @@ "date_modified": "2023-02-12T10:09:32" }, "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 8 + "page_number": 10 }, - "text": "Equally, it is well established that living without access to electricity results in illness and death around the world, caused by everything from not having access to modern healthcare to household air pollution. As of today, 770 million people around the world do not have access to electricity, with over 75% of that population living in Sub-Saharan Africa. The world's poorest 4 billion people consume a mere 5% of the energy used in developed economies, and we need to find ways of delivering reliable electricity to the entire human population in a fashion that is sustainable. Household and ambient air pollution causes 8.7 million deaths each year, largely because of the continued use of fossil fuels. Widespread electrification is a key tool for delivering a just energy transition. Investment in nuclear, has become an urgent necessity. Discarding it, based on risk perceptions divorced from science, would be to abandon the moral obligation to ensure affordable, reliable, and sustainable energy for every community around the world." + "text": "National Cancer Institute (2020). Cancer statistics. Available at: https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/ understanding/statistics" }, { - "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "e7f6c011776e8db7cd330b54174fd76f", + "type": "ListItem", + "element_id": "acdfef838c7c3dd2d1d6bfe41f4156e6", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/recalibrating-risk-report.pdf", @@ -2047,13 +1795,13 @@ "date_modified": "2023-02-12T10:09:32" }, "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 8 + "page_number": 10 }, - "text": "6" + "text": "Cancer Research UK (n.d.). Cancer risk statistics. Available at: https:/Awww.cancerresearchuk.org/health- professional/cancer-statistics/risk" }, { - "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "0714f9ff88637006bdb76908c7c936bf", + "type": "ListItem", + "element_id": "6febbd0bffa8633c6c188165767c843c", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/recalibrating-risk-report.pdf", @@ -2065,13 +1813,13 @@ "date_modified": "2023-02-12T10:09:32" }, "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 9 + "page_number": 10 }, - "text": "We must begin to holistically look at the severity of the consequences of maintaining the current energy production system, many of which are irreversible. The ways in which we address climate change and other issues of global importance must be sustainable and not create new hazards down the line. The reality is that nuclear has always been and remains an exceptionally safe source of energy, representing the lowest risk, the most sustainable, and the most affordable ways to generate around-the-clock electricity." + "text": "United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Radiation (2016). Report of the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation. Accessed from: https:/Avww.unscear.org/docs/publications/2016/ UNSCEAR_2016_GA-Report-CORR.pdf" }, { - "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "f62c49fcf0a7960d0b509e37507d76d3", + "type": "ListItem", + "element_id": "2f9b2ba9ed7265891caea2b618d2968c", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/recalibrating-risk-report.pdf", @@ -2083,13 +1831,13 @@ "date_modified": "2023-02-12T10:09:32" }, "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 9 + "page_number": 10 }, - "text": "Therefore, World Nuclear Association calls upon policymakers and regulators to adopt an all-hazards approach, where different risks associated with energy producing technologies are placed in perspective and the appropriate context, and examined in line with the latest scientific evidence. Policymakers and regulators must ensure that their decisions regarding radiation protection do not create greater risks elsewhere. This include the recalibration of existing regulations regarding nuclear power and radiation, weighing the cost of regulatory measures against the societal benefits provided by nuclear energy." + "text": "VIL World Health Organization. (2016). Updated tables 2016 for ‘Preventing disease through health environments: a global assessment of the burden of disease from environmental risks’. Available at: https://www.who.int/data/gho/ data/themes/public-health-and-environment [Accessed on 8 April 2021]" }, { - "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "d754d8d468346f652657279272a11897", + "type": "ListItem", + "element_id": "0765b3700a8d5cdd4e4cdb9283835ade", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/recalibrating-risk-report.pdf", @@ -2101,13 +1849,13 @@ "date_modified": "2023-02-12T10:09:32" }, "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 9 + "page_number": 10 }, - "text": "Clearly, we have reached a point where we must establish a new conversation about the relative risks of using nuclear, especially when risks created by other energy sources are considered. We cannot address many of the global challenges we face without a significant increase in the use of nuclear energy. The detrimental effects of decades of looking at nuclear risks in isolation highlights just how crucial it is that regulators and policymakers change the way they view nuclear energy, and transition towards an all-hazards approach, ensuring that actions taken to mitigate risks do not result in creating more severe risks." + "text": "OECD-NEA (2019). The Full Costs of Electricity Provision. Available at: https:/Avww.oecd-nea.org/jcms/pl_14998/ the-full-costs-of-electricity-provision?details=true" }, { - "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "7902699be42c8a8e46fbbb4501726517", + "type": "ListItem", + "element_id": "8bfb0188dff570fe23d75b3873051528", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/recalibrating-risk-report.pdf", @@ -2119,13 +1867,13 @@ "date_modified": "2023-02-12T10:09:32" }, "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 9 + "page_number": 10 }, - "text": "7" + "text": "xi World Health Organization (2018). Climate change and health. Available at: https:/Awww.who.int/news-room/fact- sheets/detail/climate-change-and-health" }, { - "type": "Title", - "element_id": "69824d3b0e70ca6aaa0da1613b65fd91", + "type": "ListItem", + "element_id": "69bd2cd5a46ac8850a9e3ea2df80de60", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/recalibrating-risk-report.pdf", @@ -2139,11 +1887,11 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 10 }, - "text": "References" + "text": "Vohra, K., Vodonos, A., Schwartz, J., Marais, E., Sulprizio, M., & Mickley, L. (2021). Global mortality from outdoor fine particle pollution generated by fossil fuel combustion: Results from GEOS-Chem. Environmental Research, 195, p. 1-8" }, { - "type": "Title", - "element_id": "de7d1b721a1e0632b7cf04edf5032c8e", + "type": "ListItem", + "element_id": "81be06e67a1b533cb1278b15860c51db", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/recalibrating-risk-report.pdf", @@ -2157,11 +1905,11 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 10 }, - "text": "i" + "text": "International Energy Agency (2020). Global share of total energy supply by source, 2018. Key World Energy Statistics 2020. Available at: https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/charts/global-share-of-total-energy-supply-by- source-2018" }, { "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "158d56841d65947a9a91a3ca34163a4c", + "element_id": "199440a0821e16b612f4697aa2306cb2", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/recalibrating-risk-report.pdf", @@ -2175,11 +1923,11 @@ "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 10 }, - "text": "Vi VIL xi xii World Health Organization (2020). Road traffic injuries. Available at: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/ detail/road-traffic-injuries BBC (2020). Plane crash fatalities fell more than 50% in 2019. Available at: https:/Awww.bbc.co.uk/news/ business-50953712 Slovic, P, 2010. The Psychology of risk. Sauide e Sociedade, 19(4), pp. 731-747. United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Radiation (2016). Report of the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation. Accessed from: https:/Avww.unscear.org/docs/publications/2016/ UNSCEAR_2016_GA-Report-CORR.pdf International Energy Agency (2020). Global share of total energy supply by source, 2018. Key World Energy Statistics 2020. Available at: https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/charts/global-share-of-total-energy-supply-by- source-2018 Vohra, K., Vodonos, A., Schwartz, J., Marais, E., Sulprizio, M., & Mickley, L. (2021). Global mortality from outdoor fine particle pollution generated by fossil fuel combustion: Results from GEOS-Chem. Environmental Research, 195, p. 1-8 World Health Organization. (2016). Updated tables 2016 for ‘Preventing disease through health environments: a global assessment of the burden of disease from environmental risks’. Available at: https://www.who.int/data/gho/ data/themes/public-health-and-environment [Accessed on 8 April 2021] National Cancer Institute (2020). Cancer statistics. Available at: https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/ understanding/statistics Cancer Research UK (n.d.). Cancer risk statistics. Available at: https:/Awww.cancerresearchuk.org/health- professional/cancer-statistics/risk OECD-NEA (2019). The Full Costs of Electricity Provision. Available at: https:/Avww.oecd-nea.org/jcms/pl_14998/ the-full-costs-of-electricity-provision?details=true World Health Organization (2018). Climate change and health. Available at: https:/Awww.who.int/news-room/fact- sheets/detail/climate-change-and-health BP 2020. BP Statistical Review of World Energy, London: BP" + "text": "BBC (2020). Plane crash fatalities fell more than 50% in 2019. Available at: https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/ business-50953712" }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "b6c39a9b3890b5132e4310c83d06b310", + "element_id": "10407d498f2636f50597e71d97cc001a", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/recalibrating-risk-report.pdf", @@ -2196,7 +1944,7 @@ "text": "Photo credits: Front cover & pages 1, 4, 6 left, 7 bottom: Adobe Stock; page 6 right: Getty Images; page 7 top: Uniper." }, { - "type": "UncategorizedText", + "type": "Header", "element_id": "2c624232cdd221771294dfbb310aca00", "metadata": { "data_source": { @@ -2214,8 +1962,8 @@ "text": "8" }, { - "type": "UncategorizedText", - "element_id": "481e5a54650b0a4ac7bc2568ddad436d", + "type": "NarrativeText", + "element_id": "c48603fd38d3449d3afcd2dc18903083", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/recalibrating-risk-report.pdf", @@ -2233,7 +1981,7 @@ }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "36d3613fc20527bb317afd4e447d1c74", + "element_id": "fc5faebaec5a1349ce932f1863bdd842", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/recalibrating-risk-report.pdf", @@ -2250,8 +1998,8 @@ "text": "Recalibrating risk © 2021 World Nuclear Association. Registered in England and Wales, company number 01215741" }, { - "type": "Title", - "element_id": "2ef1a5c0752085d3a6935132ad9e597c", + "type": "NarrativeText", + "element_id": "821daa4396c0087d9d5ee9240bc5c85c", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/recalibrating-risk-report.pdf", @@ -2269,7 +2017,7 @@ }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "20ef77d9aa66e60f1443750cdbaa9014", + "element_id": "705da4db5e220010ddfd03d9452855e4", "metadata": { "data_source": { "url": "s3://utic-dev-tech-fixtures/small-pdf-set/recalibrating-risk-report.pdf", diff --git a/unstructured/__version__.py b/unstructured/__version__.py index d71d465e92..3d63527b85 100644 --- a/unstructured/__version__.py +++ b/unstructured/__version__.py @@ -1 +1 @@ -__version__ = "0.10.19-dev9" # pragma: no cover +__version__ = "0.10.19-dev10" # pragma: no cover diff --git a/unstructured/documents/elements.py b/unstructured/documents/elements.py index 75c15a3e36..7fa34f1d84 100644 --- a/unstructured/documents/elements.py +++ b/unstructured/documents/elements.py @@ -617,7 +617,8 @@ class Footer(Text): "Page-footer": Footer, "Page-header": Header, # Title? "Picture": Image, - "Section-header": Header, + # this mapping favors ensures yolox produces backward compatible categories + "Section-header": Title, "Headline": Title, "Subheadline": Title, "Abstract": NarrativeText, diff --git a/unstructured/partition/pdf.py b/unstructured/partition/pdf.py index 5c1c3cbfd4..ddd6e7b845 100644 --- a/unstructured/partition/pdf.py +++ b/unstructured/partition/pdf.py @@ -70,6 +70,13 @@ RE_MULTISPACE_INCLUDING_NEWLINES = re.compile(pattern=r"\s+", flags=re.DOTALL) +def default_hi_res_model() -> str: + # a light config for the hi res model; this is not defined as a constant so that no setting of + # the default hi res model name is done on importing of this submodule; this allows (if user + # prefers) for setting env after importing the sub module and changing the default model name + return os.environ.get("UNSTRUCTURED_HI_RES_MODEL_NAME", "yolox_quantized") + + @process_metadata() @add_metadata_with_filetype(FileType.PDF) @add_chunking_strategy() @@ -329,11 +336,7 @@ def _partition_pdf_or_image_local( ocr_languages = prepare_languages_for_tesseract(languages) - model_name = ( - model_name - if model_name - else os.environ.get("UNSTRUCTURED_HI_RES_MODEL_NAME", "detectron2_onnx") - ) + model_name = model_name or default_hi_res_model() pdf_image_dpi = kwargs.pop("pdf_image_dpi", None) extract_images_in_pdf = kwargs.get("extract_images_in_pdf", False) image_output_dir_path = kwargs.get("image_output_dir_path", None)