diff --git a/CHANGELOG.md b/CHANGELOG.md
index d95c0a8fe2..b1dab9fdc2 100644
--- a/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -6,6 +6,8 @@
 
 ### Fixes
 
+* Fix bug in `partition_pdf_or_image` where two partitions were called if `strategy == "ocr_only"`.
+
 ## 0.10.5
 
 ### Enhancements
diff --git a/test_unstructured/partition/pdf-image/test_pdf.py b/test_unstructured/partition/pdf-image/test_pdf.py
index 49a64ef2e7..60bceead19 100644
--- a/test_unstructured/partition/pdf-image/test_pdf.py
+++ b/test_unstructured/partition/pdf-image/test_pdf.py
@@ -325,10 +325,14 @@ def mock_exists(dep):
         pdf,
         "extractable_elements",
         return_value=mock_return,
-    ) as mock_partition:
+    ) as mock_partition, mock.patch.object(
+        pdf,
+        "_partition_pdf_or_image_with_ocr",
+    ) as mock_partition_ocr:
         pdf.partition_pdf(filename=filename, url=None, strategy="ocr_only")
 
     mock_partition.assert_called_once()
+    mock_partition_ocr.assert_not_called()
     assert "pytesseract is not installed" in caplog.text
 
 
diff --git a/unstructured/partition/pdf.py b/unstructured/partition/pdf.py
index 0199b98e86..588ca11078 100644
--- a/unstructured/partition/pdf.py
+++ b/unstructured/partition/pdf.py
@@ -155,7 +155,18 @@ def partition_pdf_or_image(
         file=file,
         filename=filename,
     )
-    if not is_image:
+
+    if (
+        not is_image
+        and determine_pdf_or_image_strategy(
+            strategy,
+            filename=filename,
+            file=file,
+            is_image=is_image,
+            infer_table_structure=infer_table_structure,
+        )
+        != "ocr_only"
+    ):
         extracted_elements = extractable_elements(
             filename=filename,
             file=spooled_to_bytes_io_if_needed(file),
@@ -209,6 +220,7 @@ def partition_pdf_or_image(
                 min_partition=min_partition,
                 metadata_last_modified=metadata_last_modified or last_modification_date,
             )
+
     return layout_elements