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basics.html
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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.1//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/DTD/xhtml11.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
<meta content="text/html; charset=windows-1250" http-equiv="content-type" />
<link rel="shortcut icon" href="favicon.ico" />
<title>
SRD - Basics
</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="style.css" />
<script src="http://www.google-analytics.com/urchin.js" type="text/javascript">
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<script type="text/javascript">
_uacct = "UA-239947-2";
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</head>
<body>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 100%">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="width: 170px; text-align: right">
<img alt="d20 Logo" src="d20.jpg" />
</td>
<td style="width: 30px"></td>
<td colspan="3" id="title">
System Reference Document v3.5
</td>
<td rowspan="3" style="background-color: #8B2323; width: 15px"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="3" style="height: 15px"></td>
<td rowspan="2" style="width: 15px"></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td>
<!-- left-hand navigation / menu -->
<table width="170px">
<tr><td style="width: 100%; background-color: #8b2323">
<div class="menu2">
<ul>
<li><a href="home.html">SRD Home</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="tips.html">Tips and Stuff</a></li>
<li><a href="siteMap.html">Site Map</a></li>
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<li><a href="legal.html">Legal Information</a></li>
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<li><a href="toolsScreen.html">DM Screen</a></li>
<li><a href="#" onclick="
var w = window.open('anchorSearch.html', 'anchor_search', 'scrollbars=yes,resizable=yes,toolbar=no,status=no,location=no,directories=no,width=900px,height=600px,screenX=10,screenY=20,top=20,left=10'); w.focus(); return false">
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Spell Search</a></li>
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Power Search</a></li>
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Monster Search</a></li>
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</ul>
</li>
<li class="selected"><a href="basics.html">Basics & Ability Scores</a></li>
<li><a href="description.html">Alignment & Description</a></li>
<li><a href="races.html">Races</a></li>
<li><a href="classes.html">Character Classes</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="barbarian.html">Barbarian</a></li>
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<li><a href="sorcerer.html">Sorcerer</a></li>
<li><a href="wizard.html">Wizard</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="skills.html">Skills</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="skillsAll.html">In Alphabetical Order</a></li>
<li><a href="skillsStr.html">Strength-Based</a></li>
<li><a href="skillsDex.html">Dexterity-Based</a></li>
<li><a href="skillsCon.html">Constitution-Based</a></li>
<li><a href="skillsInt.html">Intelligence-Based</a></li>
<li><a href="skillsWis.html">Wisdom-Based</a></li>
<li><a href="skillsCha.html">Charisma-Based</a></li>
<li><a href="skillsTro.html">Trained Only</a></li>
<li><a href="skillsAcp.html">With Armor Check Penalty</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="feats.html">Feats</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="featsAll.html">In Alphabetical Order</a></li>
<li><a href="featsGen.html">General</a></li>
<li><a href="featsFtb.html">Fighter Bonus</a></li>
<li><a href="featsItc.html">Item Creation</a></li>
<li><a href="featsMtm.html">Metamagic</a></li>
<li><a href="featsList.html">Compiled</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="equipment.html">Equipment</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="weapons.html">Weapons</a></li>
<li><a href="armor.html">Armor</a></li>
<li><a href="goodsAndServices.html">Goods & Services</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="specialMaterials.html">Special Materials</a></li>
<li><a href="combat.html">Combat</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="initiativeAndAoO.html">Initiative & Attacks of Opportunity</a></li>
<li><a href="actionsInCombat.html">Actions In Combat</a></li>
<li><a href="injuryAndDeath.html">Injury & Death</a></li>
<li><a href="movement.html">Movement, Position, & Distance</a></li>
<li><a href="combatModifiers.html">Combat Modifiers</a></li>
<li><a href="specialAttacks.html">Special Attacks</a></li>
<li><a href="initiativeActions.html">Special Initiative Actions</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="abilitiesAndConditions.html">Special Abilities & Conditions</a></li>
<li><a href="npcClasses.html">NPC Classes</a></li>
<li><a href="prestigeClasses.html">Prestige Classes</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="arcaneArcher.html">Arcane Archer</a></li>
<li><a href="arcaneTrickster.html">Arcane Trickster</a></li>
<li><a href="archmage.html">Archmage</a></li>
<li><a href="assassin.html">Assassin</a></li>
<li><a href="blackguard.html">Blackguard</a></li>
<li><a href="dragonDisciple.html">Dragon Disciple</a></li>
<li><a href="duelist.html">Duelist</a></li>
<li><a href="dwarvenDefender.html">Dwarven Defender</a></li>
<li><a href="eldritchKnight.html">Eldritch Knight</a></li>
<li><a href="hierophant.html">Hierophant</a></li>
<li><a href="horizonWalker.html">Horizon Walker</a></li>
<li><a href="loremaster.html">Loremaster</a></li>
<li><a href="mysticTheurge.html">Mystic Theurge</a></li>
<li><a href="shadowdancer.html">Shadowdancer</a></li>
<li><a href="thaumaturgist.html">Thaumaturgist</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="epicLevels.html">Epic Levels</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="epicClasses.html">Epic Classes</a></li>
<li><a href="epicSkills.html">Epic Skills</a></li>
<li><a href="epicFeats.html">Epic Feats</a></li>
<li><a href="epicPrestigeClasses.html">Epic Prestige Classes</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="agentRetriever.html">Agent Retriever</a></li>
<li><a href="cosmicDescryer.html">Cosmic Descryer</a></li>
<li><a href="divineEmissary.html">Divine Emissary</a></li>
<li><a href="epicInfiltrator.html">Epic Infiltrator</a></li>
<li><a href="guardianParamount.html">Guardian Paramount</a></li>
<li><a href="highProselytizer.html">High Proselytizer</a></li>
<li><a href="legendaryDreadnought.html">Legendary Dreadnought</a></li>
<li><a href="perfectWight.html">Perfect Wight</a></li>
<li><a href="unionSentinel.html">Union Sentinel</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="epicSpells.html">Epic Spells</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="epicSpellDevelopment.html">Developing</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="epicMagicItems.html">Epic Magic Items</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="epicMagicItemsOther.html">Other Items</a></li>
<li><a href="epicArtifacts.html">Intelligent Items and Artifacts</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="epicMonsters.html">Epic Monsters</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="epicNonAbominations.html">Non-Abominations</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="epicObstacles.html">Epic Obstacles</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="magicOverview.html">Magic Overview</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="magicSchools.html">Schools of Magic</a></li>
<li><a href="arcaneSpells.html">Arcane Magic</a></li>
<li><a href="divineSpells.html">Divine Magic</a></li>
<li><a href="specialAbilities.html">Special Abilities</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="spellList.html">Spell List</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#" onclick="var w = window.open('spellSearch.html', 'spell_search',
'scrollbars=yes,resizable=yes,toolbar=no,status=no,location=no,directories=no,width=900px,height=600px,screenX=10,screenY=20,top=20,left=10');
w.focus(); return false">Spell Search</a></li>
<li><a href="bardSpells.html">Bard Spells</a></li>
<li><a href="clericSpells.html">Cleric Spells</a></li>
<li><a href="clericDomains.html">Cleric Domains</a></li>
<li><a href="druidSpells.html">Druid Spells</a></li>
<li><a href="paladinSpells.html">Paladin Spells</a></li>
<li><a href="rangerSpells.html">Ranger Spells</a></li>
<li><a href="wizardSpells.html">Sorcerer/Wizard Spells</a></li>
<li><a href="spellsAtoZ.html">Spells A to Z</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="spellsAtoB.html">Acid Arrow — Burning Hands</a></li>
<li><a href="spellsC.html">Call Lightning — Curse Water</a></li>
<li><a href="spellsDtoE.html">Dancing Lights — Eyebite</a></li>
<li><a href="spellsFtoG.html">Fabricate — Gust of Wind</a></li>
<li><a href="spellsHtoL.html">Hallow — Lullaby</a></li>
<li><a href="spellsMtoO.html">Mage Armor — Owl's Wisdom</a></li>
<li><a href="spellsPtoR.html">Passwall — Rusting Grasp</a></li>
<li><a href="spellsS.html">Sanctuary — Sympathy</a></li>
<li><a href="spellsTtoZ.html">Telekinesis — Zone of Truth</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="magicItems.html">Magic Items</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="magicItemsCreation.html">Creating Magic Items</a></li>
<li><a href="magicItemsAW.html#armor">Armor</a></li>
<li><a href="magicItemsPRR.html#potions">Potions</a></li>
<li><a href="magicItemsPRR.html#rings">Rings</a></li>
<li><a href="magicItemsPRR.html#rods">Rods</a></li>
<li><a href="magicItemsSSW.html#scrolls">Scrolls</a></li>
<li><a href="magicItemsSSW.html#staffs">Staffs</a></li>
<li><a href="magicItemsSSW.html#wands">Wands</a></li>
<li><a href="magicItemsAW.html#weapons">Weapons</a></li>
<li><a href="magicItemsWI.html">Wondrous Items</a></li>
<li><a href="magicItemsICA.html">Intelligent, Cursed, & Artifacts</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="monsters.html">Monsters</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#" onclick="
var w = window.open('monsterSearch.html', 'monster_search', 'scrollbars=yes,resizable=yes,toolbar=no,status=no,location=no,directories=no,width=900px,height=600px,screenX=10,screenY=20,top=20,left=10'); w.focus(); return false">
Monster Search</a></li>
<li><a href="monstersAtoZ.html">Monsters A to Z</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="monstersA.html">Aboleth — Azer</a></li>
<li><a href="monstersBtoC.html">Barghest — Couatl</a></li>
<li><a href="monstersDtoDe.html">Dark Mantle — Devourer</a></li>
<li><a href="monstersDitoDo.html">Digester — Doppleganger</a></li>
<li><a href="monstersDrtoDw.html">Dragon — Dwarf</a></li>
<li><a href="monstersEtoF.html">Eagle — Fungus</a></li>
<li><a href="monstersG.html">Gargoyle — Grimlock</a></li>
<li><a href="monstersHtoI.html">Hag — Invisible Stalker</a></li>
<li><a href="monstersKtoL.html">Kobold — Lycanthrope</a></li>
<li><a href="monstersMtoN.html">Magmin — Nymph</a></li>
<li><a href="monstersOtoR.html">Ogre — Rust Monster</a></li>
<li><a href="monstersS.html">Sahuagin — Swarm</a></li>
<li><a href="monstersTtoZ.html">Tarrasque — Zombie</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="monstersAnimal.html">Animals</a></li>
<li><a href="monstersVermin.html">Vermin</a></li>
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<td style="width: 30px"></td>
<td>
<!-- main contents -->
<h2><a id="basics-and-ability-scores"></a>Basics & Ability Scores</h2>
<h3><a id="the-basics"></a>THE BASICS</h3>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 100%">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="line"></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p class="initial"><a id="the-core-mechanic"></a><b>The Core Mechanic</b>: Whenever you attempt
an action that has some chance of failure, you roll a twenty-sided die
(d20). To determine if your character succeeds at a task you do this:</p>
<ul>
<li>Roll a d20.</li>
<li>Add any relevant modifiers.</li>
<li>Compare the result to a target number.</li>
</ul>
<p>If the result equals or exceeds the target number, your
character succeeds. If the result is lower than the target number, you
fail.</p>
<h5><a id="dice"></a>DICE</h5>
<p class="initial">Dice rolls are described with expressions such
as “3d4+3,” which means “roll three four-sided dice and add 3”
(resulting in a number between 6 and 15). The first number tells you
how many dice to roll (adding the results together). The number
immediately after the “d” tells you the type of die to use. Any number
after that indicates a quantity that is added or subtracted from the
result.</p>
<p><b>d%</b>: Percentile dice work a little differently. You
generate a number between 1 and 100 by rolling two different ten-sided
dice. One (designated before you roll) is the tens digit. The other is
the ones digit. Two 0s represent 100.</p>
<h5><a id="rounding-fractions"></a>ROUNDING FRACTIONS</h5>
<p class="initial">In general, if you wind up with a fraction,
round down, even if the fraction is one-half or larger.</p>
<p><i>Exception</i>: Certain rolls, such as damage and hit
points, have a minimum of 1.</p>
<h5><a id="multiplying"></a>MULTIPLYING</h5>
<p class="initial">Sometimes a rule makes you multiply a number
or a die roll. As long as you’re applying a single multiplier, multiply
the number normally. When two or more multipliers apply to any abstract
value (such as a modifier or a die roll), however, combine them into a
single multiple, with each extra multiple adding 1 less than its value
to the first multiple. Thus, a double (×2) and a double
(×2) applied to the same number results in a triple (×3,
because 2 + 1 = 3).</p>
<p>When applying multipliers to real-world values (such as weight
or distance), normal rules of math apply instead. A creature whose size
doubles (thus multiplying its weight by 8) and then is turned to stone
(which would multiply its weight by a factor of roughly 3) now weighs
about 24 times normal, not 10 times normal. Similarly, a <a href="abilitiesAndConditions.html#blinded" style="color: rgb(87, 158, 182);">blinded</a> creature attempting to
negotiate difficult terrain would count each square as 4 squares
(doubling the cost twice, for a total multiplier of ×4), rather
than as 3 squares (adding 100% twice).</p>
<h3><a id="ability-scores"></a>ABILITY SCORES</h3>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 100%">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="line"></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h5><a id="ability-modifiers"></a>ABILITY MODIFIERS</h5>
<p class="initial">Each ability, after changes made because of <a href="races.html" style="color: rgb(87, 158, 182);">race</a>, has a
modifier ranging from –5 to +5. Table: Ability Modifiers and Bonus
Spells shows the modifier for each score. It also shows bonus spells,
which you’ll need to know about if your character is a spellcaster.</p>
<p>The modifier is the number you apply to the die roll when your
character tries to do something related to that ability. You also use
the modifier with some numbers that aren’t die rolls. A positive
modifier is called a bonus, and a negative modifier is called a penalty.</p>
<p><a id="table-ability-modifiers-and-bonus-spells"></a><b>Table: Ability Modifiers and Bonus Spells</b></p>
<table border="0" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="0" style="width: 100%">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th> </th>
<th> </th>
<th colspan="10" class="center">Bonus Spells (by Spell
Level)</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th style="width: 15%">Score</th>
<th style="width: 15%">Modifier</th>
<th style="width: 7%">0</th>
<th style="width: 7%">1st</th>
<th style="width: 7%">2nd</th>
<th style="width: 7%">3rd</th>
<th style="width: 7%">4th</th>
<th style="width: 7%">5th</th>
<th style="width: 7%">6th</th>
<th style="width: 7%">7th</th>
<th style="width: 7%">8th</th>
<th style="width: 7%">9th</th>
</tr>
<tr class="odd-row">
<td>1</td>
<td>-5</td>
<td colspan="10" align="center">Can't cast spells tied to
this ability</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>2-3</td>
<td>-4</td>
<td colspan="10" align="center">Can't cast spells tied to
this ability</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd-row">
<td>4-5</td>
<td>-3</td>
<td colspan="10" align="center">Can't cast spells tied to
this ability</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>6-7</td>
<td>-2</td>
<td colspan="10" align="center">Can't cast spells tied to
this ability</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd-row">
<td>8-9</td>
<td>-1</td>
<td colspan="10" align="center">Can't cast spells tied to
this ability</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>10-11</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>—</td>
<td>—</td>
<td>—</td>
<td>—</td>
<td>—</td>
<td>—</td>
<td>—</td>
<td>—</td>
<td>—</td>
<td>—</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd-row">
<td>12-13</td>
<td>+1</td>
<td>—</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>—</td>
<td>—</td>
<td>—</td>
<td>—</td>
<td>—</td>
<td>—</td>
<td>—</td>
<td>—</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>14-15</td>
<td>+2</td>
<td>—</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>—</td>
<td>—</td>
<td>—</td>
<td>—</td>
<td>—</td>
<td>—</td>
<td>—</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd-row">
<td>16-17</td>
<td>+3</td>
<td>—</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>—</td>
<td>—</td>
<td>—</td>
<td>—</td>
<td>—</td>
<td>—</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>18-19</td>
<td>+4</td>
<td>—</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>—</td>
<td>—</td>
<td>—</td>
<td>—</td>
<td>—</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd-row">
<td>20-21</td>
<td>+5</td>
<td>—</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>—</td>
<td>—</td>
<td>—</td>
<td>—</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>22-23</td>
<td>+6</td>
<td>—</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>—</td>
<td>—</td>
<td>—</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd-row">
<td>24-25</td>
<td>+7</td>
<td>—</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>—</td>
<td>—</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>26-27</td>
<td>+8</td>
<td>—</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>—</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd-row">
<td>28-29</td>
<td>+9</td>
<td>—</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>30-31</td>
<td>+10</td>
<td>—</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd-row">
<td>32-33</td>
<td>+11</td>
<td>—</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>34-35</td>
<td>+12</td>
<td>—</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>