diff --git a/prefect_aws/s3.py b/prefect_aws/s3.py
index 2a2feebc..fc81898a 100644
--- a/prefect_aws/s3.py
+++ b/prefect_aws/s3.py
@@ -1234,20 +1234,23 @@ async def copy_object(
         """
         s3_client = self.credentials.get_s3_client()
 
+        source_bucket_name = self.bucket_name
         source_path = self._resolve_path(Path(from_path).as_posix())
-        target_path = self._resolve_path(Path(to_path).as_posix())
 
-        source_bucket_name = self.bucket_name
-        target_bucket_name = self.bucket_name
+        # Default to copying within the same bucket
+        to_bucket = to_bucket or self
+
+        target_bucket_name: str
+        target_path: str
         if isinstance(to_bucket, S3Bucket):
             target_bucket_name = to_bucket.bucket_name
-            target_path = to_bucket._resolve_path(target_path)
+            target_path = to_bucket._resolve_path(Path(to_path).as_posix())
         elif isinstance(to_bucket, str):
             target_bucket_name = to_bucket
-        elif to_bucket is not None:
+            target_path = Path(to_path).as_posix()
+        else:
             raise TypeError(
-                "to_bucket must be a string or S3Bucket, not"
-                f" {type(target_bucket_name)}"
+                f"to_bucket must be a string or S3Bucket, not {type(to_bucket)}"
             )
 
         self.logger.info(
@@ -1316,20 +1319,23 @@ async def move_object(
         """
         s3_client = self.credentials.get_s3_client()
 
+        source_bucket_name = self.bucket_name
         source_path = self._resolve_path(Path(from_path).as_posix())
-        target_path = self._resolve_path(Path(to_path).as_posix())
 
-        source_bucket_name = self.bucket_name
-        target_bucket_name = self.bucket_name
+        # Default to moving within the same bucket
+        to_bucket = to_bucket or self
+
+        target_bucket_name: str
+        target_path: str
         if isinstance(to_bucket, S3Bucket):
             target_bucket_name = to_bucket.bucket_name
-            target_path = to_bucket._resolve_path(target_path)
+            target_path = to_bucket._resolve_path(Path(to_path).as_posix())
         elif isinstance(to_bucket, str):
             target_bucket_name = to_bucket
-        elif to_bucket is not None:
+            target_path = Path(to_path).as_posix()
+        else:
             raise TypeError(
-                "to_bucket must be a string or S3Bucket, not"
-                f" {type(target_bucket_name)}"
+                f"to_bucket must be a string or S3Bucket, not {type(to_bucket)}"
             )
 
         self.logger.info(
diff --git a/tests/test_s3.py b/tests/test_s3.py
index 3dc83d91..4958b07e 100644
--- a/tests/test_s3.py
+++ b/tests/test_s3.py
@@ -1002,6 +1002,42 @@ def test_copy_object(
         s3_bucket_with_object.copy_object("object", "object_copy_4", s3_bucket_2_empty)
         assert s3_bucket_2_empty.read_path("object_copy_4") == b"TEST"
 
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("client_parameters", aws_clients[-1:], indirect=True)
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        "to_bucket, bucket_folder, expected_path",
+        [
+            # to_bucket=None uses the s3_bucket_2_empty fixture
+            (None, None, "object"),
+            (None, "subfolder", "subfolder/object"),
+            ("bucket_2", None, "object"),
+            (None, None, "object"),
+            (None, "subfolder", "subfolder/object"),
+            ("bucket_2", None, "object"),
+        ],
+    )
+    def test_copy_subpaths(
+        self,
+        s3_bucket_with_object: S3Bucket,
+        s3_bucket_2_empty: S3Bucket,
+        to_bucket,
+        bucket_folder,
+        expected_path,
+    ):
+        if to_bucket is None:
+            to_bucket = s3_bucket_2_empty
+            if bucket_folder is not None:
+                to_bucket.bucket_folder = bucket_folder
+            else:
+                # For testing purposes, don't use bucket folder unless specified
+                to_bucket.bucket_folder = None
+
+        key = s3_bucket_with_object.copy_object(
+            "object",
+            "object",
+            to_bucket=to_bucket,
+        )
+        assert key == expected_path
+
     @pytest.mark.parametrize("client_parameters", aws_clients[-1:], indirect=True)
     def test_move_object_within_bucket(
         self,
@@ -1046,3 +1082,39 @@ def test_move_object_between_buckets(
 
         with pytest.raises(ClientError):
             assert s3_bucket_with_object.read_path("object") == b"TEST"
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("client_parameters", aws_clients[-1:], indirect=True)
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        "to_bucket, bucket_folder, expected_path",
+        [
+            # to_bucket=None uses the s3_bucket_2_empty fixture
+            (None, None, "object"),
+            (None, "subfolder", "subfolder/object"),
+            ("bucket_2", None, "object"),
+            (None, None, "object"),
+            (None, "subfolder", "subfolder/object"),
+            ("bucket_2", None, "object"),
+        ],
+    )
+    def test_move_subpaths(
+        self,
+        s3_bucket_with_object: S3Bucket,
+        s3_bucket_2_empty: S3Bucket,
+        to_bucket,
+        bucket_folder,
+        expected_path,
+    ):
+        if to_bucket is None:
+            to_bucket = s3_bucket_2_empty
+            if bucket_folder is not None:
+                to_bucket.bucket_folder = bucket_folder
+            else:
+                # For testing purposes, don't use bucket folder unless specified
+                to_bucket.bucket_folder = None
+
+        key = s3_bucket_with_object.move_object(
+            "object",
+            "object",
+            to_bucket=to_bucket,
+        )
+        assert key == expected_path