diff --git a/break_eternity.cjs.js b/break_eternity.cjs.js
index a49f322..d158161 100644
--- a/break_eternity.cjs.js
+++ b/break_eternity.cjs.js
@@ -285,42 +285,53 @@ var f_gamma = function f_gamma(n) {
   var np = n;
   l = l + 1 / (12 * np);
   np = np * n2;
-  l = l + 1 / (360 * np);
+  l = l - 1 / (360 * np);
   np = np * n2;
   l = l + 1 / (1260 * np);
   np = np * n2;
-  l = l + 1 / (1680 * np);
+  l = l - 1 / (1680 * np);
   np = np * n2;
   l = l + 1 / (1188 * np);
   np = np * n2;
-  l = l + 691 / (360360 * np);
+  l = l - 691 / (360360 * np);
   np = np * n2;
   l = l + 7 / (1092 * np);
   np = np * n2;
-  l = l + 3617 / (122400 * np);
+  l = l - 3617 / (122400 * np);
   return Math.exp(l) / scal1;
 };
 var _EXPN1 = 0.36787944117144232159553; // exp(-1)
 var OMEGA = 0.56714329040978387299997; // W(1, 0)
 //from https://math.stackexchange.com/a/465183
 // The evaluation can become inaccurate very close to the branch point
+// Evaluates W(x, 0) if principal is true, W(x, -1) if principal is false
 var f_lambertw = function f_lambertw(z) {
   var tol = arguments.length > 1 && arguments[1] !== undefined ? arguments[1] : 1e-10;
+  var principal = arguments.length > 2 && arguments[2] !== undefined ? arguments[2] : true;
   var w;
   var wn;
   if (!Number.isFinite(z)) {
     return z;
   }
-  if (z === 0) {
-    return z;
-  }
-  if (z === 1) {
-    return OMEGA;
-  }
-  if (z < 10) {
-    w = 0;
+  if (principal) {
+    if (z === 0) {
+      return z;
+    }
+    if (z === 1) {
+      return OMEGA;
+    }
+    if (z < 10) {
+      w = 0;
+    } else {
+      w = Math.log(z) - Math.log(Math.log(z));
+    }
   } else {
-    w = Math.log(z) - Math.log(Math.log(z));
+    if (z === 0) return -Infinity;
+    if (z <= -0.1) {
+      w = -2;
+    } else {
+      w = Math.log(-z) - Math.log(-Math.log(-z));
+    }
   }
   for (var i = 0; i < 100; ++i) {
     wn = (z * Math.exp(-w) + w * w) / (w + 1);
@@ -337,22 +348,32 @@ var f_lambertw = function f_lambertw(z) {
 // The evaluation can become inaccurate very close to the branch point
 // at ``-1/e``. In some corner cases, `lambertw` might currently
 // fail to converge, or can end up on the wrong branch.
+// Evaluates W(x, 0) if principal is true, W(x, -1) if principal is false
 function d_lambertw(z) {
   var tol = arguments.length > 1 && arguments[1] !== undefined ? arguments[1] : 1e-10;
+  var principal = arguments.length > 2 && arguments[2] !== undefined ? arguments[2] : true;
   var w;
   var ew, wewz, wn;
   if (!Number.isFinite(z.mag)) {
-    return z;
-  }
-  if (z.eq(Decimal.dZero)) {
-    return z;
+    return new Decimal(z);
   }
-  if (z.eq(Decimal.dOne)) {
-    //Split out this case because the asymptotic series blows up
-    return Decimal.fromNumber(OMEGA);
+  if (principal) {
+    if (z.eq(Decimal.dZero)) {
+      return FC_NN(0, 0, 0);
+    }
+    if (z.eq(Decimal.dOne)) {
+      //Split out this case because the asymptotic series blows up
+      return Decimal.fromNumber(OMEGA);
+    }
+    //Get an initial guess for Halley's method
+    w = Decimal.ln(z);
+  } else {
+    if (z.eq(Decimal.dZero)) {
+      return FC_NN(-1, Number.NEGATIVE_INFINITY, Number.NEGATIVE_INFINITY);
+    }
+    //Get an initial guess for Halley's method
+    w = Decimal.ln(z.neg());
   }
-  //Get an initial guess for Halley's method
-  w = Decimal.ln(z);
   //Halley's method; see 5.9 in [1]
   for (var i = 0; i < 100; ++i) {
     ew = w.neg().exp();
@@ -491,7 +512,7 @@ var Decimal = /*#__PURE__*/function () {
       Any 0 is totally zero (0, 0, 0) and any NaN is totally NaN (NaN, NaN, NaN).
       Anything layer 0 has mag 0 OR mag > 1/9e15 and < 9e15.
       Anything layer 1 or higher has abs(mag) >= 15.954 and < 9e15.
-      Any positive infinity is (1, Infinity, Infinity) and any negative infinity is (-1, -Infinity, -Infinity).
+      Any positive infinity is (1, Infinity, Infinity) and any negative infinity is (-1, Infinity, Infinity).
       We will assume in calculations that all Decimals are either erroneous or satisfy these criteria. (Otherwise: Garbage in, garbage out.)
       */
       //Any 0 is totally 0
@@ -508,13 +529,8 @@ var Decimal = /*#__PURE__*/function () {
       }
       //Handle infinities
       if (this.mag === Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY || this.layer === Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY || this.mag === Number.NEGATIVE_INFINITY || this.layer === Number.NEGATIVE_INFINITY) {
-        if (this.sign == 1) {
-          this.mag = Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY;
-          this.layer = Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY;
-        } else if (this.sign == -1) {
-          this.mag = Number.NEGATIVE_INFINITY;
-          this.layer = Number.NEGATIVE_INFINITY;
-        }
+        this.mag = Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY;
+        this.layer = Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY;
         return this;
       }
       //Handle shifting from layer 0 to negative layers.
@@ -730,6 +746,11 @@ var Decimal = /*#__PURE__*/function () {
       var ptparts = value.split("pt");
       if (ptparts.length === 2) {
         base = 10;
+        var negative = false;
+        if (ptparts[0][0] == "-") {
+          negative = true;
+          ptparts[0] = ptparts[0].slice(1);
+        }
         height = parseFloat(ptparts[0]);
         ptparts[1] = ptparts[1].replace("(", "");
         ptparts[1] = ptparts[1].replace(")", "");
@@ -745,6 +766,7 @@ var Decimal = /*#__PURE__*/function () {
           if (Decimal.fromStringCache.maxSize >= 1) {
             Decimal.fromStringCache.set(originalValue, Decimal.fromDecimal(this));
           }
+          if (negative) this.sign *= -1;
           return this;
         }
       }
@@ -752,6 +774,11 @@ var Decimal = /*#__PURE__*/function () {
       ptparts = value.split("p");
       if (ptparts.length === 2) {
         base = 10;
+        var _negative = false;
+        if (ptparts[0][0] == "-") {
+          _negative = true;
+          ptparts[0] = ptparts[0].slice(1);
+        }
         height = parseFloat(ptparts[0]);
         ptparts[1] = ptparts[1].replace("(", "");
         ptparts[1] = ptparts[1].replace(")", "");
@@ -767,6 +794,7 @@ var Decimal = /*#__PURE__*/function () {
           if (Decimal.fromStringCache.maxSize >= 1) {
             Decimal.fromStringCache.set(originalValue, Decimal.fromDecimal(this));
           }
+          if (_negative) this.sign *= -1;
           return this;
         }
       }
@@ -774,6 +802,11 @@ var Decimal = /*#__PURE__*/function () {
       ptparts = value.split("f");
       if (ptparts.length === 2) {
         base = 10;
+        var _negative2 = false;
+        if (ptparts[0][0] == "-") {
+          _negative2 = true;
+          ptparts[0] = ptparts[0].slice(1);
+        }
         ptparts[0] = ptparts[0].replace("(", "");
         ptparts[0] = ptparts[0].replace(")", "");
         var _payload4 = parseFloat(ptparts[0]);
@@ -791,6 +824,7 @@ var Decimal = /*#__PURE__*/function () {
           if (Decimal.fromStringCache.maxSize >= 1) {
             Decimal.fromStringCache.set(originalValue, Decimal.fromDecimal(this));
           }
+          if (_negative2) this.sign *= -1;
           return this;
         }
       }
@@ -938,7 +972,7 @@ var Decimal = /*#__PURE__*/function () {
       if (this.mag === Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY && this.layer === Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY && this.sign === 1) {
         return Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY;
       }
-      if (this.mag === Number.NEGATIVE_INFINITY && this.layer === Number.NEGATIVE_INFINITY && this.sign === -1) {
+      if (this.mag === Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY && this.layer === Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY && this.sign === -1) {
         return Number.NEGATIVE_INFINITY;
       }
       if (!Number.isFinite(this.layer)) {
@@ -988,7 +1022,7 @@ var Decimal = /*#__PURE__*/function () {
       if (isNaN(this.layer) || isNaN(this.sign) || isNaN(this.mag)) {
         return "NaN";
       }
-      if (this.mag === Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY || this.layer === Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY || this.mag === Number.NEGATIVE_INFINITY || this.layer === Number.NEGATIVE_INFINITY) {
+      if (this.mag === Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY || this.layer === Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY) {
         return this.sign === 1 ? "Infinity" : "-Infinity";
       }
       if (this.layer === 0) {
@@ -1113,12 +1147,12 @@ var Decimal = /*#__PURE__*/function () {
     key: "round",
     value: function round() {
       if (this.mag < 0) {
-        return Decimal.dZero;
+        return FC_NN(0, 0, 0);
       }
       if (this.layer === 0) {
         return FC(this.sign, 0, Math.round(this.mag));
       }
-      return this;
+      return new Decimal(this);
     }
     /**
      * "Rounds" the Decimal it's called on to the nearest integer that's less than or equal to it.
@@ -1127,13 +1161,13 @@ var Decimal = /*#__PURE__*/function () {
     key: "floor",
     value: function floor() {
       if (this.mag < 0) {
-        if (this.sign === -1) return Decimal.dNegOne;else return Decimal.dZero;
+        if (this.sign === -1) return FC_NN(-1, 0, 1);else return FC_NN(0, 0, 0);
       }
       if (this.sign === -1) return this.neg().ceil().neg();
       if (this.layer === 0) {
         return FC(this.sign, 0, Math.floor(this.mag));
       }
-      return this;
+      return new Decimal(this);
     }
     /**
      * "Rounds" the Decimal it's called on to the nearest integer that's greater than or equal to it.
@@ -1142,14 +1176,14 @@ var Decimal = /*#__PURE__*/function () {
     key: "ceil",
     value: function ceil() {
       if (this.mag < 0) {
-        if (this.sign === 1) return Decimal.dOne; //The ceiling function called on something tiny like 10^10^-100 should return 1, since 10^10^-100 is still greater than 0
-        else return Decimal.dZero;
+        if (this.sign === 1) return FC_NN(1, 0, 1); //The ceiling function called on something tiny like 10^10^-100 should return 1, since 10^10^-100 is still greater than 0
+        else return FC_NN(0, 0, 0);
       }
       if (this.sign === -1) return this.neg().floor().neg();
       if (this.layer === 0) {
         return FC(this.sign, 0, Math.ceil(this.mag));
       }
-      return this;
+      return new Decimal(this);
     }
     /**
      * Extracts the integer part of the Decimal and returns it. Behaves like floor on positive numbers, but behaves like ceiling on negative numbers.
@@ -1158,12 +1192,12 @@ var Decimal = /*#__PURE__*/function () {
     key: "trunc",
     value: function trunc() {
       if (this.mag < 0) {
-        return Decimal.dZero;
+        return FC_NN(0, 0, 0);
       }
       if (this.layer === 0) {
         return FC(this.sign, 0, Math.trunc(this.mag));
       }
-      return this;
+      return new Decimal(this);
     }
     /**
      * Addition: returns the sum of 'this' and 'value'.
@@ -1172,19 +1206,23 @@ var Decimal = /*#__PURE__*/function () {
     key: "add",
     value: function add(value) {
       var decimal = D(value);
+      //Infinity + -Infinity = NaN
+      if (this.eq(Decimal.dInf) && decimal.eq(Decimal.dNegInf) || this.eq(Decimal.dNegInf) && decimal.eq(Decimal.dInf)) {
+        return FC_NN(Number.NaN, Number.NaN, Number.NaN);
+      }
       //inf/nan check
       if (!Number.isFinite(this.layer)) {
-        return this;
+        return new Decimal(this);
       }
       if (!Number.isFinite(decimal.layer)) {
-        return decimal;
+        return new Decimal(decimal);
       }
       //Special case - if one of the numbers is 0, return the other number.
       if (this.sign === 0) {
-        return decimal;
+        return new Decimal(decimal);
       }
       if (decimal.sign === 0) {
-        return this;
+        return new Decimal(this);
       }
       //Special case - Adding a number to its negation produces 0, no matter how large.
       if (this.sign === -decimal.sign && this.layer === decimal.layer && this.mag === decimal.mag) {
@@ -1197,11 +1235,11 @@ var Decimal = /*#__PURE__*/function () {
         return this.maxabs(decimal);
       }
       if (Decimal.cmpabs(this, decimal) > 0) {
-        a = this;
-        b = decimal;
+        a = new Decimal(this);
+        b = new Decimal(decimal);
       } else {
-        a = decimal;
-        b = this;
+        a = new Decimal(decimal);
+        b = new Decimal(this);
       }
       if (a.layer === 0 && b.layer === 0) {
         return Decimal.fromNumber(a.sign * a.mag + b.sign * b.mag);
@@ -1277,12 +1315,20 @@ var Decimal = /*#__PURE__*/function () {
     key: "mul",
     value: function mul(value) {
       var decimal = D(value);
+      // Infinity * -Infinity = -Infinity
+      if (this.eq(Decimal.dInf) && decimal.eq(Decimal.dNegInf) || this.eq(Decimal.dNegInf) && decimal.eq(Decimal.dInf)) {
+        return FC_NN(-1, Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY, Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY);
+      }
+      //Infinity * 0 = NaN
+      if (this.mag == Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY && decimal.eq(Decimal.dZero) || this.eq(Decimal.dZero) && this.mag == Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY) {
+        return FC_NN(Number.NaN, Number.NaN, Number.NaN);
+      }
       //inf/nan check
       if (!Number.isFinite(this.layer)) {
-        return this;
+        return new Decimal(this);
       }
       if (!Number.isFinite(decimal.layer)) {
-        return decimal;
+        return new Decimal(decimal);
       }
       //Special case - if one of the numbers is 0, return 0.
       if (this.sign === 0 || decimal.sign === 0) {
@@ -1296,11 +1342,11 @@ var Decimal = /*#__PURE__*/function () {
       var b;
       //Which number is bigger in terms of its multiplicative distance from 1?
       if (this.layer > decimal.layer || this.layer == decimal.layer && Math.abs(this.mag) > Math.abs(decimal.mag)) {
-        a = this;
-        b = decimal;
+        a = new Decimal(this);
+        b = new Decimal(decimal);
       } else {
-        a = decimal;
-        b = this;
+        a = new Decimal(decimal);
+        b = new Decimal(this);
       }
       if (a.layer === 0 && b.layer === 0) {
         return Decimal.fromNumber(a.sign * b.sign * a.mag * b.mag);
@@ -1381,7 +1427,9 @@ var Decimal = /*#__PURE__*/function () {
     key: "recip",
     value: function recip() {
       if (this.mag === 0) {
-        return Decimal.dNaN;
+        return FC_NN(Number.NaN, Number.NaN, Number.NaN);
+      } else if (this.mag === Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY) {
+        return FC_NN(0, 0, 0);
       } else if (this.layer === 0) {
         return FC(this.sign, 0, 1 / this.mag);
       } else {
@@ -1413,7 +1461,7 @@ var Decimal = /*#__PURE__*/function () {
     key: "mod",
     value: function mod(value) {
       var decimal = D(value).abs();
-      if (decimal.eq(Decimal.dZero)) return Decimal.dZero;
+      if (decimal.eq(Decimal.dZero)) return FC_NN(0, 0, 0);
       var num_this = this.toNumber();
       var num_decimal = decimal.toNumber();
       //Special case: To avoid precision issues, if both numbers are valid JS numbers, just call % on those
@@ -1422,11 +1470,11 @@ var Decimal = /*#__PURE__*/function () {
       }
       if (this.sub(decimal).eq(this)) {
         //decimal is too small to register to this
-        return Decimal.dZero;
+        return FC_NN(0, 0, 0);
       }
       if (decimal.sub(this).eq(decimal)) {
         //this is too small to register to decimal
-        return this;
+        return new Decimal(this);
       }
       if (this.sign == -1) return this.abs().mod(decimal).neg();
       return this.sub(this.div(decimal).floor().mul(decimal));
@@ -1592,7 +1640,7 @@ var Decimal = /*#__PURE__*/function () {
     key: "max",
     value: function max(value) {
       var decimal = D(value);
-      return this.lt(decimal) ? decimal : this;
+      return this.lt(decimal) ? new Decimal(decimal) : new Decimal(this);
     }
     /**
      * Returns whichever of 'this' and 'value' is lower.
@@ -1601,7 +1649,7 @@ var Decimal = /*#__PURE__*/function () {
     key: "min",
     value: function min(value) {
       var decimal = D(value);
-      return this.gt(decimal) ? decimal : this;
+      return this.gt(decimal) ? new Decimal(decimal) : new Decimal(this);
     }
     /**
      * Returns whichever of 'this' and 'value' has a larger absolute value.
@@ -1610,7 +1658,7 @@ var Decimal = /*#__PURE__*/function () {
     key: "maxabs",
     value: function maxabs(value) {
       var decimal = D(value);
-      return this.cmpabs(decimal) < 0 ? decimal : this;
+      return this.cmpabs(decimal) < 0 ? new Decimal(decimal) : new Decimal(this);
     }
     /**
      * Returns whichever of 'this' and 'value' has a smaller absolute value.
@@ -1619,7 +1667,7 @@ var Decimal = /*#__PURE__*/function () {
     key: "minabs",
     value: function minabs(value) {
       var decimal = D(value);
-      return this.cmpabs(decimal) > 0 ? decimal : this;
+      return this.cmpabs(decimal) > 0 ? new Decimal(decimal) : new Decimal(this);
     }
     /**
      * A combination of minimum and maximum: the value returned by clamp is normally 'this', but it won't go below 'min' and it won't go above 'max'.
@@ -1794,7 +1842,7 @@ var Decimal = /*#__PURE__*/function () {
     key: "pLog10",
     value: function pLog10() {
       if (this.lt(Decimal.dZero)) {
-        return Decimal.dZero;
+        return FC_NN(0, 0, 0);
       }
       return this.log10();
     }
@@ -1805,7 +1853,7 @@ var Decimal = /*#__PURE__*/function () {
     key: "absLog10",
     value: function absLog10() {
       if (this.sign === 0) {
-        return Decimal.dNaN;
+        return FC_NN(Number.NaN, Number.NaN, Number.NaN);
       } else if (this.layer > 0) {
         return FC(Math.sign(this.mag), this.layer - 1, Math.abs(this.mag));
       } else {
@@ -1820,7 +1868,7 @@ var Decimal = /*#__PURE__*/function () {
     key: "log10",
     value: function log10() {
       if (this.sign <= 0) {
-        return Decimal.dNaN;
+        return FC_NN(Number.NaN, Number.NaN, Number.NaN);
       } else if (this.layer > 0) {
         return FC(Math.sign(this.mag), this.layer - 1, Math.abs(this.mag));
       } else {
@@ -1835,13 +1883,13 @@ var Decimal = /*#__PURE__*/function () {
     value: function log(base) {
       base = D(base);
       if (this.sign <= 0) {
-        return Decimal.dNaN;
+        return FC_NN(Number.NaN, Number.NaN, Number.NaN);
       }
       if (base.sign <= 0) {
-        return Decimal.dNaN;
+        return FC_NN(Number.NaN, Number.NaN, Number.NaN);
       }
       if (base.sign === 1 && base.layer === 0 && base.mag === 1) {
-        return Decimal.dNaN;
+        return FC_NN(Number.NaN, Number.NaN, Number.NaN);
       } else if (this.layer === 0 && base.layer === 0) {
         return FC(this.sign, 0, Math.log(this.mag) / Math.log(base.mag));
       }
@@ -1854,7 +1902,7 @@ var Decimal = /*#__PURE__*/function () {
     key: "log2",
     value: function log2() {
       if (this.sign <= 0) {
-        return Decimal.dNaN;
+        return FC_NN(Number.NaN, Number.NaN, Number.NaN);
       } else if (this.layer === 0) {
         return FC(this.sign, 0, Math.log2(this.mag));
       } else if (this.layer === 1) {
@@ -1872,7 +1920,7 @@ var Decimal = /*#__PURE__*/function () {
     key: "ln",
     value: function ln() {
       if (this.sign <= 0) {
-        return Decimal.dNaN;
+        return FC_NN(Number.NaN, Number.NaN, Number.NaN);
       } else if (this.layer === 0) {
         return FC(this.sign, 0, Math.log(this.mag));
       } else if (this.layer === 1) {
@@ -1898,8 +1946,8 @@ var Decimal = /*#__PURE__*/function () {
     key: "pow",
     value: function pow(value) {
       var decimal = D(value);
-      var a = this;
-      var b = decimal;
+      var a = new Decimal(this);
+      var b = new Decimal(decimal);
       //special case: if a is 0, then return 0 (UNLESS b is 0, then return 1)
       if (a.sign === 0) {
         return b.eq(0) ? FC_NN(1, 0, 1) : a;
@@ -1923,7 +1971,7 @@ var Decimal = /*#__PURE__*/function () {
         } else if (Math.abs(b.toNumber() % 2) % 2 === 0) {
           return result;
         }
-        return Decimal.dNaN;
+        return FC_NN(Number.NaN, Number.NaN, Number.NaN);
       }
       return result;
     }
@@ -1940,10 +1988,16 @@ var Decimal = /*#__PURE__*/function () {
       3) positive sign, negative mag (e-15, ee-15): layer 0 case would have been handled in the Math.pow check, so just return 1
       4) negative sign, negative mag (-e-15, -ee-15): layer 0 case would have been handled in the Math.pow check, so just return 1
       */
+      if (this.eq(Decimal.dInf)) {
+        return FC_NN(1, Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY, Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY);
+      }
+      if (this.eq(Decimal.dNegInf)) {
+        return FC_NN(0, 0, 0);
+      }
       if (!Number.isFinite(this.layer) || !Number.isFinite(this.mag)) {
-        return Decimal.dNaN;
+        return FC_NN(Number.NaN, Number.NaN, Number.NaN);
       }
-      var a = this;
+      var a = new Decimal(this);
       //handle layer 0 case - if no precision is lost just use Math.pow, else promote one layer
       if (a.layer === 0) {
         var newmag = Math.pow(10, a.sign * a.mag);
@@ -1951,7 +2005,7 @@ var Decimal = /*#__PURE__*/function () {
           return FC(1, 0, newmag);
         } else {
           if (a.sign === 0) {
-            return Decimal.dOne;
+            return FC_NN(1, 0, 1);
           } else {
             a = FC_NN(a.sign, a.layer + 1, Math.log10(a.mag));
           }
@@ -1965,7 +2019,7 @@ var Decimal = /*#__PURE__*/function () {
         return FC(-a.sign, a.layer + 1, -a.mag);
       }
       //both the negative mag cases are identical: one +/- rounding error
-      return Decimal.dOne;
+      return FC_NN(1, 0, 1);
     }
     /**
      * Exponentiation: Returns the result of 'value' ^ 'this' (often written as 'value' ** 'this' in programming languages).
@@ -2068,7 +2122,7 @@ var Decimal = /*#__PURE__*/function () {
     key: "exp",
     value: function exp() {
       if (this.mag < 0) {
-        return Decimal.dOne;
+        return FC_NN(1, 0, 1);
       }
       if (this.layer === 0 && this.mag <= 709.7) {
         return Decimal.fromNumber(Math.exp(this.sign * this.mag));
@@ -2148,7 +2202,7 @@ var Decimal = /*#__PURE__*/function () {
       }
       //1^^x == 1
       if (this.eq(Decimal.dOne)) {
-        return Decimal.dOne;
+        return FC_NN(1, 0, 1);
       }
       //-1^^x == -1
       if (this.eq(-1)) {
@@ -2158,21 +2212,25 @@ var Decimal = /*#__PURE__*/function () {
         var this_num = this.toNumber();
         //within the convergence range?
         if (this_num <= 1.44466786100976613366 && this_num >= 0.06598803584531253708) {
+          var negln = Decimal.ln(this).neg();
+          //For bases above 1, b^x = x has two solutions. The lower solution is a stable equilibrium, the upper solution is an unstable equilibrium.
+          var lower = negln.lambertw().div(negln);
+          // However, if the base is below 1, there's only the stable equilibrium solution.
+          if (this_num < 1) return lower;
+          var upper = negln.lambertw(false).div(negln);
           //hotfix for the very edge of the number range not being handled properly
           if (this_num > 1.444667861009099) {
-            return Decimal.fromNumber(Math.E);
+            lower = upper = Decimal.fromNumber(Math.E);
           }
-          //Formula for infinite height power tower.
-          var negln = Decimal.ln(this).neg();
-          return negln.lambertw().div(negln);
+          payload = D(payload);
+          if (payload.eq(upper)) return upper;else if (payload.lt(upper)) return lower;else return FC_NN(1, Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY, Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY);
         } else if (this_num > 1.44466786100976613366) {
           //explodes to infinity
-          // TODO: replace this with Decimal.dInf
-          return Decimal.fromNumber(Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY);
+          return FC_NN(1, Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY, Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY);
         } else {
           //0.06598803584531253708 > this_num >= 0: never converges
           //this_num < 0: quickly becomes a complex number
-          return Decimal.dNaN;
+          return FC_NN(Number.NaN, Number.NaN, Number.NaN);
         }
       }
       //0^^x oscillates if we define 0^0 == 1 (which in javascript land we do), since then 0^^1 is 0, 0^^2 is 1, 0^^3 is 0, etc. payload is ignored
@@ -2187,14 +2245,15 @@ var Decimal = /*#__PURE__*/function () {
       if (height < 0) {
         return Decimal.iteratedlog(payload, this, -height, linear);
       }
-      payload = D(payload);
+      payload = new Decimal(payload);
       var oldheight = height;
       height = Math.trunc(height);
       var fracheight = oldheight - height;
-      if (this.gt(Decimal.dZero) && this.lte(1.44466786100976613366) && (oldheight > 10000 || !linear)) {
-        //similar to 0^^n, flip-flops between two values, converging slowly (or if it's below 0.06598803584531253708, never. so once again, the fractional part at the end will be a linear approximation (TODO: again pending knowledge of how to approximate better, although tbh I think it should in reality just be NaN)
-        height = Math.min(10000, height);
-        for (var i = 0; i < height; ++i) {
+      if (this.gt(Decimal.dZero) && (this.lt(1) || this.lte(1.44466786100976613366) && payload.lte(Decimal.ln(this).neg().lambertw(false).div(Decimal.ln(this).neg()))) && (oldheight > 10000 || !linear)) {
+        //similar to 0^^n, flip-flops between two values, converging slowly (or if it's below 0.06598803584531253708, never). So once again, the fractional part at the beginning will be a linear approximation (TODO: again pending knowledge of how to approximate better, although tbh I think it should in reality just be NaN)
+        var limitheight = Math.min(10000, height);
+        if (payload.eq(Decimal.dOne)) payload = this.pow(fracheight);else if (this.lt(1)) payload = payload.pow(1 - fracheight).mul(this.pow(payload).pow(fracheight));else payload = payload.layeradd(fracheight, this);
+        for (var i = 0; i < limitheight; ++i) {
           var old_payload = payload;
           payload = this.pow(payload);
           //stop early if we converge
@@ -2202,13 +2261,8 @@ var Decimal = /*#__PURE__*/function () {
             return payload;
           }
         }
-        if (fracheight != 0 || oldheight > 10000) {
-          var next_payload = this.pow(payload);
-          if (oldheight <= 10000 || Math.ceil(oldheight) % 2 == 0) {
-            return payload.mul(1 - fracheight).add(next_payload.mul(fracheight));
-          } else {
-            return payload.mul(fracheight).add(next_payload.mul(1 - fracheight));
-          }
+        if (oldheight > 10000 && Math.ceil(oldheight) % 2 == 1) {
+          return this.pow(payload);
         }
         return payload;
       }
@@ -2230,6 +2284,8 @@ var Decimal = /*#__PURE__*/function () {
         } else {
           if (this.eq(10)) {
             payload = payload.layeradd10(fracheight, linear);
+          } else if (this.lt(1)) {
+            payload = payload.pow(1 - fracheight).mul(this.pow(payload).pow(fracheight));
           } else {
             payload = payload.layeradd(fracheight, this, linear);
           }
@@ -2313,6 +2369,7 @@ var Decimal = /*#__PURE__*/function () {
         if (base.eq(10)) {
           result = result.layeradd10(-fraction, linear);
         } else {
+          //I have no clue what a fractional times on a base below 1 should even mean, so I'm not going to bother - just let it be NaN (TODO: come up with what the answer actually should be)
           result = result.layeradd(-fraction, base, linear);
         }
       }
@@ -2371,28 +2428,34 @@ var Decimal = /*#__PURE__*/function () {
       //special cases:
       //slog base 0 or lower is NaN
       if (base.lte(Decimal.dZero)) {
-        return Decimal.dNaN;
+        return FC_NN(Number.NaN, Number.NaN, Number.NaN);
       }
       //slog base 1 is NaN
       if (base.eq(Decimal.dOne)) {
-        return Decimal.dNaN;
+        return FC_NN(Number.NaN, Number.NaN, Number.NaN);
       }
       //need to handle these small, wobbling bases specially
       if (base.lt(Decimal.dOne)) {
         if (this.eq(Decimal.dOne)) {
-          return Decimal.dZero;
+          return FC_NN(0, 0, 0);
         }
         if (this.eq(Decimal.dZero)) {
-          return Decimal.dNegOne;
+          return FC_NN(-1, 0, 1);
         }
         //0 < this < 1: ambiguous (happens multiple times)
         //this < 0: impossible (as far as I can tell)
         //this > 1: partially complex (http://myweb.astate.edu/wpaulsen/tetcalc/tetcalc.html base 0.25 for proof)
-        return Decimal.dNaN;
+        return FC_NN(Number.NaN, Number.NaN, Number.NaN);
       }
       //slog_n(0) is -1
       if (this.mag < 0 || this.eq(Decimal.dZero)) {
-        return Decimal.dNegOne;
+        return FC_NN(-1, 0, 1);
+      }
+      if (base.lt(1.44466786100976613366)) {
+        var negln = Decimal.ln(base).neg();
+        var infTower = negln.lambertw().div(negln);
+        if (this.eq(infTower)) return FC_NN(1, Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY, Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY);
+        if (this.gt(infTower)) return FC_NN(Number.NaN, Number.NaN, Number.NaN);
       }
       var result = 0;
       var copy = Decimal.fromDecimal(this);
@@ -2503,41 +2566,87 @@ var Decimal = /*#__PURE__*/function () {
     key: "layeradd",
     value: function layeradd(diff, base) {
       var linear = arguments.length > 2 && arguments[2] !== undefined ? arguments[2] : false;
-      var slogthis = this.slog(base).toNumber();
+      var baseD = D(base);
+      if (baseD.gt(1) && baseD.lte(1.44466786100976613366)) {
+        var excessSlog = Decimal.excess_slog(this, base, linear);
+        var _slogthis = excessSlog[0].toNumber();
+        var range = excessSlog[1];
+        var _slogdest = _slogthis + diff;
+        var negln = Decimal.ln(base).neg();
+        var lower = negln.lambertw().div(negln);
+        var upper = negln.lambertw(false).div(negln);
+        var slogzero = Decimal.dOne;
+        if (range == 1) slogzero = lower.mul(upper).sqrt();else if (range == 2) slogzero = upper.mul(2);
+        var slogone = baseD.pow(slogzero);
+        var wholeheight = Math.floor(_slogdest);
+        var fracheight = _slogdest - wholeheight;
+        var towertop = slogzero.pow(1 - fracheight).mul(slogone.pow(fracheight));
+        return Decimal.tetrate(baseD, wholeheight, towertop, linear); //wholediff is a whole number so this is safe even if it ends up calling iteratedlog
+      }
+
+      var slogthis = this.slog(base, 100, linear).toNumber();
       var slogdest = slogthis + diff;
       if (slogdest >= 0) {
         return Decimal.tetrate(base, slogdest, Decimal.dOne, linear);
       } else if (!Number.isFinite(slogdest)) {
-        return Decimal.dNaN;
+        return FC_NN(Number.NaN, Number.NaN, Number.NaN);
       } else if (slogdest >= -1) {
         return Decimal.log(Decimal.tetrate(base, slogdest + 1, Decimal.dOne, linear), base);
       } else {
         return Decimal.log(Decimal.log(Decimal.tetrate(base, slogdest + 2, Decimal.dOne, linear), base), base);
       }
     }
+    //Apparently having something be private but not static breaks everything
+    /**
+     * A strange version of slog for bases between 1 and e^1/e which can handle values above base^^Infinity.
+     * Returns a pair of a Decimal and a number, with the number always being 0, 1, or 2. The number indicates what range we're in:
+     * 0 means we're below the lower solution of b^x = x, and so the normal slog is used.
+     * 1 means we're between the two solutions of b^x = x, with the geometric mean of the two solutions arbitrarily chosen to be the value with a slog of 0.
+     * 2 means we're above the upper solution of b^x = x, with (upper solution * 2) arbitrarily chosen to be the value with a slog of 0.
+     *
+     * The values returned by this function don't really have much mathematical meaning, but the difference between two values does.
+     * Therefore, this function is kept private, but it's used for layeradd on these small bases.
+     */
+  }, {
+    key: "lambertw",
+    value:
     /**
      * The Lambert W function, also called the omega function or product logarithm, is the solution W(x) === x*e^x.
      * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lambert_W_function
+     *
+     * This is a multi-valued function in the complex plane, but only two branches matter for real numbers: the "principal branch" W0, and the "non-principal branch" W_-1.
+     * W_0 works for any number >= -1/e, but W_-1 only works for nonpositive numbers >= -1/e.
+     * The "principal" parameter, which is true by default, decides which branch we're looking for: W_0 is used if principal is true, W_-1 is used if principal is false.
      */
     //Some special values, for testing: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lambert_W_function#Special_values
-  }, {
-    key: "lambertw",
-    value: function lambertw() {
+    function lambertw() {
+      var principal = arguments.length > 0 && arguments[0] !== undefined ? arguments[0] : true;
       if (this.lt(-0.3678794411710499)) {
-        throw Error("lambertw is unimplemented for results less than -1, sorry!");
-      } else if (this.mag < 0) {
-        return Decimal.fromNumber(f_lambertw(this.toNumber()));
-      } else if (this.layer === 0) {
-        return Decimal.fromNumber(f_lambertw(this.sign * this.mag));
-      } else if (this.layer === 1) {
-        return d_lambertw(this);
-      } else if (this.layer === 2) {
-        return d_lambertw(this);
-      }
-      if (this.layer >= 3) {
-        return FC_NN(this.sign, this.layer - 1, this.mag);
+        return FC_NN(Number.NaN, Number.NaN, Number.NaN); //complex
+      } else if (principal) {
+        if (this.abs().lt("1e-300")) return new Decimal(this);else if (this.mag < 0) {
+          return Decimal.fromNumber(f_lambertw(this.toNumber()));
+        } else if (this.layer === 0) {
+          return Decimal.fromNumber(f_lambertw(this.sign * this.mag));
+        } else if (this.lt("eee15")) {
+          return d_lambertw(this);
+        } else {
+          // Numbers this large would sometimes fail to converge using d_lambertw, and at this size this.ln() is close enough
+          return this.ln();
+        }
+      } else {
+        if (this.sign === 1) {
+          return FC_NN(Number.NaN, Number.NaN, Number.NaN); //complex
+        }
+
+        if (this.layer === 0) {
+          return Decimal.fromNumber(f_lambertw(this.sign * this.mag, 1e-10, false));
+        } else if (this.layer == 1) {
+          return d_lambertw(this, 1e-10, false);
+        } else {
+          return this.neg().recip().lambertw().neg();
+        }
       }
-      throw "Unhandled behavior in lambertw()";
     }
     /**
      * The super square-root function - what number, tetrated to height 2, equals 'this'? https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetration#Super-root
@@ -2563,10 +2672,10 @@ var Decimal = /*#__PURE__*/function () {
         return this;
       }
       if (this.eq(Decimal.dInf)) {
-        return Decimal.dInf;
+        return FC_NN(1, Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY, Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY);
       }
       if (!this.isFinite()) {
-        return Decimal.dNaN;
+        return FC_NN(Number.NaN, Number.NaN, Number.NaN);
       }
       //Using linear approximation, x^^n = x^n if 0 < n < 1
       if (degree > 0 && degree < 1) {
@@ -2578,7 +2687,7 @@ var Decimal = /*#__PURE__*/function () {
       }
       //Super roots with -1 <= degree < 0 have either no solution or infinitely many solutions, and tetration with height <= -2 returns NaN, so super roots of degree <= -2 don't work
       if (degree <= 0) {
-        return Decimal.dNaN;
+        return FC_NN(Number.NaN, Number.NaN, Number.NaN);
       }
       //Infinite degree super-root is x^(1/x) between 1/e <= x <= e, undefined otherwise
       if (degree == Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY) {
@@ -2586,20 +2695,20 @@ var Decimal = /*#__PURE__*/function () {
         if (this_num < Math.E && this_num > _EXPN1) {
           return this.pow(this.recip());
         } else {
-          return Decimal.dNaN;
+          return FC_NN(Number.NaN, Number.NaN, Number.NaN);
         }
       }
       //Special case: any super-root of 1 is 1
       if (this.eq(1)) {
-        return Decimal.dOne;
+        return FC_NN(1, 0, 1);
       }
       //TODO: base < 0 (It'll probably be NaN anyway)
       if (this.lt(0)) {
-        return Decimal.dNaN;
+        return FC_NN(Number.NaN, Number.NaN, Number.NaN);
       }
       //Treat all numbers of layer <= -2 as zero, because they effectively are
       if (this.lte("1ee-16")) {
-        if (degree % 2 == 1) return this;else return Decimal.dNaN;
+        if (degree % 2 == 1) return new Decimal(this);else return FC_NN(Number.NaN, Number.NaN, Number.NaN);
       }
       //this > 1
       if (this.gt(1)) {
@@ -2791,7 +2900,7 @@ var Decimal = /*#__PURE__*/function () {
           if (_lower.eq(FC(1, 10, 1))) _guess = _upper.mul(2);else _guess = _lower.add(_upper).div(2);
           if (Decimal.pow(10, _guess).recip().tetrate(degree, 1, true).gt(this)) _upper = _guess;else _lower = _guess;
           if (_guess.eq(_previous)) _loopGoing = false;else _previous = _guess;
-          if (_upper.gt("1e18")) return Decimal.dNaN;
+          if (_upper.gt("1e18")) return FC_NN(Number.NaN, Number.NaN, Number.NaN);
         }
         //using guess.neq(minimum) led to imprecision errors, so here's a fixed version of that
         if (!_guess.eq_tolerance(minimum, 1e-15)) {
@@ -2801,7 +2910,7 @@ var Decimal = /*#__PURE__*/function () {
           //Check if the root is in the zero range.
           if (maximum.eq(FC(1, 10, 1))) {
             //There is no zero range, so the super root doesn't exist
-            return Decimal.dNaN;
+            return FC_NN(Number.NaN, Number.NaN, Number.NaN);
           }
           _lower = FC(1, 10, 1);
           _upper = maximum;
@@ -2812,7 +2921,7 @@ var Decimal = /*#__PURE__*/function () {
             if (_lower.eq(FC(1, 10, 1))) _guess = _upper.mul(2);else _guess = _lower.add(_upper).div(2);
             if (Decimal.pow(10, _guess).recip().tetrate(degree, 1, true).gt(this)) _upper = _guess;else _lower = _guess;
             if (_guess.eq(_previous)) _loopGoing = false;else _previous = _guess;
-            if (_upper.gt("1e18")) return Decimal.dNaN;
+            if (_upper.gt("1e18")) return FC_NN(Number.NaN, Number.NaN, Number.NaN);
           }
           return _guess.pow10().recip();
         }
@@ -2835,7 +2944,7 @@ var Decimal = /*#__PURE__*/function () {
       var height = arguments.length > 0 && arguments[0] !== undefined ? arguments[0] : 2;
       var payload = arguments.length > 1 && arguments[1] !== undefined ? arguments[1] : FC_NN(1, 0, 1);
       var linear = arguments.length > 2 && arguments[2] !== undefined ? arguments[2] : false;
-      payload = D(payload);
+      payload = new Decimal(payload);
       var oldheight = height;
       height = Math.trunc(height);
       var fracheight = oldheight - height;
@@ -2873,7 +2982,7 @@ var Decimal = /*#__PURE__*/function () {
     key: "sin",
     value: function sin() {
       if (this.mag < 0) {
-        return this;
+        return new Decimal(this);
       }
       if (this.layer === 0) {
         return Decimal.fromNumber(Math.sin(this.sign * this.mag));
@@ -2887,7 +2996,7 @@ var Decimal = /*#__PURE__*/function () {
     key: "cos",
     value: function cos() {
       if (this.mag < 0) {
-        return Decimal.dOne;
+        return FC_NN(1, 0, 1);
       }
       if (this.layer === 0) {
         return Decimal.fromNumber(Math.cos(this.sign * this.mag));
@@ -2901,7 +3010,7 @@ var Decimal = /*#__PURE__*/function () {
     key: "tan",
     value: function tan() {
       if (this.mag < 0) {
-        return this;
+        return new Decimal(this);
       }
       if (this.layer === 0) {
         return Decimal.fromNumber(Math.tan(this.sign * this.mag));
@@ -2915,7 +3024,7 @@ var Decimal = /*#__PURE__*/function () {
     key: "asin",
     value: function asin() {
       if (this.mag < 0) {
-        return this;
+        return new Decimal(this);
       }
       if (this.layer === 0) {
         return Decimal.fromNumber(Math.asin(this.sign * this.mag));
@@ -2943,7 +3052,7 @@ var Decimal = /*#__PURE__*/function () {
     key: "atan",
     value: function atan() {
       if (this.mag < 0) {
-        return this;
+        return new Decimal(this);
       }
       if (this.layer === 0) {
         return Decimal.fromNumber(Math.atan(this.sign * this.mag));
@@ -3008,7 +3117,7 @@ var Decimal = /*#__PURE__*/function () {
     key: "ascensionPenalty",
     value: function ascensionPenalty(ascensions) {
       if (ascensions === 0) {
-        return this;
+        return new Decimal(this);
       }
       return this.root(Decimal.pow(10, ascensions));
     }
@@ -3130,7 +3239,7 @@ var Decimal = /*#__PURE__*/function () {
         // This should never happen... but some users like Prestige Tree Rewritten
         // pass undefined values in as DecimalSources, so we should handle this
         // case to not break them.
-        return Decimal.dZero;
+        return FC_NN(0, 0, 0);
       }
     }
     /**
@@ -3893,11 +4002,15 @@ var Decimal = /*#__PURE__*/function () {
     /**
      * The Lambert W function, also called the omega function or product logarithm, is the solution W(x) === x*e^x.
      * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lambert_W_function
+     *
+     * This is a multi-valued function in the complex plane, but only two branches matter for real numbers: the "principal branch" W0, and the "non-principal branch" W_-1.
+     * W_0 works for any number >= -1/e, but W_-1 only works for negative numbers >= -1/e.
+     * The "principal" parameter, which is true by default, decides which branch we're looking for: W_0 is used if principal is true, W_-1 is used if principal is false.
      */
   }, {
     key: "lambertw",
-    value: function lambertw(value) {
-      return D(value).lambertw();
+    value: function lambertw(value, principal) {
+      return D(value).lambertw(principal);
     }
     /**
      * The super square-root function - what number, tetrated to height 2, equals 'value'? https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetration#Super-root
@@ -4206,6 +4319,109 @@ var Decimal = /*#__PURE__*/function () {
         return Math.pow(base, Math.log(lower) / Math.log(base) * (1 - frac) + Math.log(upper) / Math.log(base) * frac);
       }
     }
+  }, {
+    key: "excess_slog",
+    value: function excess_slog(value, base) {
+      var linear = arguments.length > 2 && arguments[2] !== undefined ? arguments[2] : false;
+      value = D(value);
+      base = D(base);
+      var baseD = base;
+      base = base.toNumber();
+      if (base == 1 || base <= 0) return [FC_NN(Number.NaN, Number.NaN, Number.NaN), 0];
+      if (base > 1.44466786100976613366) return [value.slog(base, 100, linear), 0];
+      var negln = Decimal.ln(base).neg();
+      var lower = negln.lambertw().div(negln);
+      var upper = Decimal.dInf;
+      if (base > 1) upper = negln.lambertw(false).div(negln);
+      if (base > 1.444667861009099) {
+        lower = upper = Decimal.fromNumber(Math.E);
+      }
+      if (value.lt(lower)) return [value.slog(base, 100, linear), 0];
+      if (value.eq(lower)) return [FC_NN(1, Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY, Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY), 0];
+      if (value.eq(upper)) return [FC_NN(1, Number.NEGATIVE_INFINITY, Number.NEGATIVE_INFINITY), 2];
+      if (value.gt(upper)) {
+        var slogzero = upper.mul(2);
+        var slogone = baseD.pow(slogzero);
+        var estimate = 0;
+        if (value.gte(slogzero) && value.lt(slogone)) estimate = 0;else if (value.gte(slogone)) {
+          var payload = slogone;
+          estimate = 1;
+          while (payload.lt(value)) {
+            payload = baseD.pow(payload);
+            estimate = estimate + 1;
+            if (payload.layer > 3) {
+              var layersleft = Math.floor(value.layer - payload.layer + 1);
+              payload = baseD.iteratedexp(layersleft, payload, linear);
+              estimate = estimate + layersleft;
+            }
+          }
+          if (payload.gt(value)) {
+            payload = payload.log(base);
+            estimate = estimate - 1;
+          }
+        } else if (value.lt(slogzero)) {
+          var _payload5 = slogzero;
+          estimate = 0;
+          while (_payload5.gt(value)) {
+            _payload5 = _payload5.log(base);
+            estimate = estimate - 1;
+          }
+        }
+        var fracheight = 0;
+        var tested = 0;
+        var step_size = 0.5;
+        var towertop = slogzero;
+        var guess = Decimal.dZero;
+        while (step_size > 1e-16) {
+          tested = fracheight + step_size;
+          towertop = slogzero.pow(1 - tested).mul(slogone.pow(tested)); //Weighted geometric average
+          guess = Decimal.iteratedexp(base, estimate, towertop);
+          if (guess.eq(value)) return [new Decimal(estimate + tested), 2];else if (guess.lt(value)) fracheight += step_size;
+          step_size /= 2;
+        }
+        if (guess.neq_tolerance(value, 1e-7)) return [FC_NN(Number.NaN, Number.NaN, Number.NaN), 0];
+        return [new Decimal(estimate + fracheight), 2];
+      }
+      if (value.lt(upper) && value.gt(lower)) {
+        var _slogzero = lower.mul(upper).sqrt(); //Geometric mean of the two b^x = x solutions
+        var _slogone = baseD.pow(_slogzero);
+        var _estimate = 0;
+        if (value.lte(_slogzero) && value.gt(_slogone)) _estimate = 0;else if (value.lte(_slogone)) {
+          var _payload6 = _slogone;
+          _estimate = 1;
+          while (_payload6.gt(value)) {
+            _payload6 = baseD.pow(_payload6);
+            _estimate = _estimate + 1;
+          }
+          if (_payload6.lt(value)) {
+            _payload6 = _payload6.log(base);
+            _estimate = _estimate - 1;
+          }
+        } else if (value.gt(_slogzero)) {
+          var _payload7 = _slogzero;
+          _estimate = 0;
+          while (_payload7.lt(value)) {
+            _payload7 = _payload7.log(base);
+            _estimate = _estimate - 1;
+          }
+        }
+        var _fracheight = 0;
+        var _tested = 0;
+        var _step_size = 0.5;
+        var _towertop = _slogzero;
+        var _guess2 = Decimal.dZero;
+        while (_step_size > 1e-16) {
+          _tested = _fracheight + _step_size;
+          _towertop = _slogzero.pow(1 - _tested).mul(_slogone.pow(_tested)); //Weighted geometric average
+          _guess2 = Decimal.iteratedexp(base, _estimate, _towertop);
+          if (_guess2.eq(value)) return [new Decimal(_estimate + _tested), 1];else if (_guess2.gt(value)) _fracheight += _step_size;
+          _step_size /= 2;
+        }
+        if (_guess2.neq_tolerance(value, 1e-7)) return [FC_NN(Number.NaN, Number.NaN, Number.NaN), 0];
+        return [new Decimal(_estimate + _fracheight), 1];
+      }
+      throw new Error("Unhandled behavior in excess_slog");
+    }
   }]);
   return Decimal;
 }();
@@ -4216,7 +4432,7 @@ Decimal.dTwo = FC_NN(1, 0, 2);
 Decimal.dTen = FC_NN(1, 0, 10);
 Decimal.dNaN = FC_NN(Number.NaN, Number.NaN, Number.NaN);
 Decimal.dInf = FC_NN(1, Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY, Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY);
-Decimal.dNegInf = FC_NN(-1, Number.NEGATIVE_INFINITY, Number.NEGATIVE_INFINITY);
+Decimal.dNegInf = FC_NN(-1, Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY, Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY);
 Decimal.dNumberMax = FC(1, 0, Number.MAX_VALUE);
 Decimal.dNumberMin = FC(1, 0, Number.MIN_VALUE);
 Decimal.fromStringCache = new LRUCache(DEFAULT_FROM_STRING_CACHE_SIZE);
diff --git a/break_eternity.esm.js b/break_eternity.esm.js
index fe56416..e949d84 100644
--- a/break_eternity.esm.js
+++ b/break_eternity.esm.js
@@ -283,42 +283,53 @@ var f_gamma = function f_gamma(n) {
   var np = n;
   l = l + 1 / (12 * np);
   np = np * n2;
-  l = l + 1 / (360 * np);
+  l = l - 1 / (360 * np);
   np = np * n2;
   l = l + 1 / (1260 * np);
   np = np * n2;
-  l = l + 1 / (1680 * np);
+  l = l - 1 / (1680 * np);
   np = np * n2;
   l = l + 1 / (1188 * np);
   np = np * n2;
-  l = l + 691 / (360360 * np);
+  l = l - 691 / (360360 * np);
   np = np * n2;
   l = l + 7 / (1092 * np);
   np = np * n2;
-  l = l + 3617 / (122400 * np);
+  l = l - 3617 / (122400 * np);
   return Math.exp(l) / scal1;
 };
 var _EXPN1 = 0.36787944117144232159553; // exp(-1)
 var OMEGA = 0.56714329040978387299997; // W(1, 0)
 //from https://math.stackexchange.com/a/465183
 // The evaluation can become inaccurate very close to the branch point
+// Evaluates W(x, 0) if principal is true, W(x, -1) if principal is false
 var f_lambertw = function f_lambertw(z) {
   var tol = arguments.length > 1 && arguments[1] !== undefined ? arguments[1] : 1e-10;
+  var principal = arguments.length > 2 && arguments[2] !== undefined ? arguments[2] : true;
   var w;
   var wn;
   if (!Number.isFinite(z)) {
     return z;
   }
-  if (z === 0) {
-    return z;
-  }
-  if (z === 1) {
-    return OMEGA;
-  }
-  if (z < 10) {
-    w = 0;
+  if (principal) {
+    if (z === 0) {
+      return z;
+    }
+    if (z === 1) {
+      return OMEGA;
+    }
+    if (z < 10) {
+      w = 0;
+    } else {
+      w = Math.log(z) - Math.log(Math.log(z));
+    }
   } else {
-    w = Math.log(z) - Math.log(Math.log(z));
+    if (z === 0) return -Infinity;
+    if (z <= -0.1) {
+      w = -2;
+    } else {
+      w = Math.log(-z) - Math.log(-Math.log(-z));
+    }
   }
   for (var i = 0; i < 100; ++i) {
     wn = (z * Math.exp(-w) + w * w) / (w + 1);
@@ -335,22 +346,32 @@ var f_lambertw = function f_lambertw(z) {
 // The evaluation can become inaccurate very close to the branch point
 // at ``-1/e``. In some corner cases, `lambertw` might currently
 // fail to converge, or can end up on the wrong branch.
+// Evaluates W(x, 0) if principal is true, W(x, -1) if principal is false
 function d_lambertw(z) {
   var tol = arguments.length > 1 && arguments[1] !== undefined ? arguments[1] : 1e-10;
+  var principal = arguments.length > 2 && arguments[2] !== undefined ? arguments[2] : true;
   var w;
   var ew, wewz, wn;
   if (!Number.isFinite(z.mag)) {
-    return z;
-  }
-  if (z.eq(Decimal.dZero)) {
-    return z;
+    return new Decimal(z);
   }
-  if (z.eq(Decimal.dOne)) {
-    //Split out this case because the asymptotic series blows up
-    return Decimal.fromNumber(OMEGA);
+  if (principal) {
+    if (z.eq(Decimal.dZero)) {
+      return FC_NN(0, 0, 0);
+    }
+    if (z.eq(Decimal.dOne)) {
+      //Split out this case because the asymptotic series blows up
+      return Decimal.fromNumber(OMEGA);
+    }
+    //Get an initial guess for Halley's method
+    w = Decimal.ln(z);
+  } else {
+    if (z.eq(Decimal.dZero)) {
+      return FC_NN(-1, Number.NEGATIVE_INFINITY, Number.NEGATIVE_INFINITY);
+    }
+    //Get an initial guess for Halley's method
+    w = Decimal.ln(z.neg());
   }
-  //Get an initial guess for Halley's method
-  w = Decimal.ln(z);
   //Halley's method; see 5.9 in [1]
   for (var i = 0; i < 100; ++i) {
     ew = w.neg().exp();
@@ -489,7 +510,7 @@ var Decimal = /*#__PURE__*/function () {
       Any 0 is totally zero (0, 0, 0) and any NaN is totally NaN (NaN, NaN, NaN).
       Anything layer 0 has mag 0 OR mag > 1/9e15 and < 9e15.
       Anything layer 1 or higher has abs(mag) >= 15.954 and < 9e15.
-      Any positive infinity is (1, Infinity, Infinity) and any negative infinity is (-1, -Infinity, -Infinity).
+      Any positive infinity is (1, Infinity, Infinity) and any negative infinity is (-1, Infinity, Infinity).
       We will assume in calculations that all Decimals are either erroneous or satisfy these criteria. (Otherwise: Garbage in, garbage out.)
       */
       //Any 0 is totally 0
@@ -506,13 +527,8 @@ var Decimal = /*#__PURE__*/function () {
       }
       //Handle infinities
       if (this.mag === Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY || this.layer === Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY || this.mag === Number.NEGATIVE_INFINITY || this.layer === Number.NEGATIVE_INFINITY) {
-        if (this.sign == 1) {
-          this.mag = Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY;
-          this.layer = Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY;
-        } else if (this.sign == -1) {
-          this.mag = Number.NEGATIVE_INFINITY;
-          this.layer = Number.NEGATIVE_INFINITY;
-        }
+        this.mag = Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY;
+        this.layer = Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY;
         return this;
       }
       //Handle shifting from layer 0 to negative layers.
@@ -728,6 +744,11 @@ var Decimal = /*#__PURE__*/function () {
       var ptparts = value.split("pt");
       if (ptparts.length === 2) {
         base = 10;
+        var negative = false;
+        if (ptparts[0][0] == "-") {
+          negative = true;
+          ptparts[0] = ptparts[0].slice(1);
+        }
         height = parseFloat(ptparts[0]);
         ptparts[1] = ptparts[1].replace("(", "");
         ptparts[1] = ptparts[1].replace(")", "");
@@ -743,6 +764,7 @@ var Decimal = /*#__PURE__*/function () {
           if (Decimal.fromStringCache.maxSize >= 1) {
             Decimal.fromStringCache.set(originalValue, Decimal.fromDecimal(this));
           }
+          if (negative) this.sign *= -1;
           return this;
         }
       }
@@ -750,6 +772,11 @@ var Decimal = /*#__PURE__*/function () {
       ptparts = value.split("p");
       if (ptparts.length === 2) {
         base = 10;
+        var _negative = false;
+        if (ptparts[0][0] == "-") {
+          _negative = true;
+          ptparts[0] = ptparts[0].slice(1);
+        }
         height = parseFloat(ptparts[0]);
         ptparts[1] = ptparts[1].replace("(", "");
         ptparts[1] = ptparts[1].replace(")", "");
@@ -765,6 +792,7 @@ var Decimal = /*#__PURE__*/function () {
           if (Decimal.fromStringCache.maxSize >= 1) {
             Decimal.fromStringCache.set(originalValue, Decimal.fromDecimal(this));
           }
+          if (_negative) this.sign *= -1;
           return this;
         }
       }
@@ -772,6 +800,11 @@ var Decimal = /*#__PURE__*/function () {
       ptparts = value.split("f");
       if (ptparts.length === 2) {
         base = 10;
+        var _negative2 = false;
+        if (ptparts[0][0] == "-") {
+          _negative2 = true;
+          ptparts[0] = ptparts[0].slice(1);
+        }
         ptparts[0] = ptparts[0].replace("(", "");
         ptparts[0] = ptparts[0].replace(")", "");
         var _payload4 = parseFloat(ptparts[0]);
@@ -789,6 +822,7 @@ var Decimal = /*#__PURE__*/function () {
           if (Decimal.fromStringCache.maxSize >= 1) {
             Decimal.fromStringCache.set(originalValue, Decimal.fromDecimal(this));
           }
+          if (_negative2) this.sign *= -1;
           return this;
         }
       }
@@ -936,7 +970,7 @@ var Decimal = /*#__PURE__*/function () {
       if (this.mag === Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY && this.layer === Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY && this.sign === 1) {
         return Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY;
       }
-      if (this.mag === Number.NEGATIVE_INFINITY && this.layer === Number.NEGATIVE_INFINITY && this.sign === -1) {
+      if (this.mag === Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY && this.layer === Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY && this.sign === -1) {
         return Number.NEGATIVE_INFINITY;
       }
       if (!Number.isFinite(this.layer)) {
@@ -986,7 +1020,7 @@ var Decimal = /*#__PURE__*/function () {
       if (isNaN(this.layer) || isNaN(this.sign) || isNaN(this.mag)) {
         return "NaN";
       }
-      if (this.mag === Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY || this.layer === Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY || this.mag === Number.NEGATIVE_INFINITY || this.layer === Number.NEGATIVE_INFINITY) {
+      if (this.mag === Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY || this.layer === Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY) {
         return this.sign === 1 ? "Infinity" : "-Infinity";
       }
       if (this.layer === 0) {
@@ -1111,12 +1145,12 @@ var Decimal = /*#__PURE__*/function () {
     key: "round",
     value: function round() {
       if (this.mag < 0) {
-        return Decimal.dZero;
+        return FC_NN(0, 0, 0);
       }
       if (this.layer === 0) {
         return FC(this.sign, 0, Math.round(this.mag));
       }
-      return this;
+      return new Decimal(this);
     }
     /**
      * "Rounds" the Decimal it's called on to the nearest integer that's less than or equal to it.
@@ -1125,13 +1159,13 @@ var Decimal = /*#__PURE__*/function () {
     key: "floor",
     value: function floor() {
       if (this.mag < 0) {
-        if (this.sign === -1) return Decimal.dNegOne;else return Decimal.dZero;
+        if (this.sign === -1) return FC_NN(-1, 0, 1);else return FC_NN(0, 0, 0);
       }
       if (this.sign === -1) return this.neg().ceil().neg();
       if (this.layer === 0) {
         return FC(this.sign, 0, Math.floor(this.mag));
       }
-      return this;
+      return new Decimal(this);
     }
     /**
      * "Rounds" the Decimal it's called on to the nearest integer that's greater than or equal to it.
@@ -1140,14 +1174,14 @@ var Decimal = /*#__PURE__*/function () {
     key: "ceil",
     value: function ceil() {
       if (this.mag < 0) {
-        if (this.sign === 1) return Decimal.dOne; //The ceiling function called on something tiny like 10^10^-100 should return 1, since 10^10^-100 is still greater than 0
-        else return Decimal.dZero;
+        if (this.sign === 1) return FC_NN(1, 0, 1); //The ceiling function called on something tiny like 10^10^-100 should return 1, since 10^10^-100 is still greater than 0
+        else return FC_NN(0, 0, 0);
       }
       if (this.sign === -1) return this.neg().floor().neg();
       if (this.layer === 0) {
         return FC(this.sign, 0, Math.ceil(this.mag));
       }
-      return this;
+      return new Decimal(this);
     }
     /**
      * Extracts the integer part of the Decimal and returns it. Behaves like floor on positive numbers, but behaves like ceiling on negative numbers.
@@ -1156,12 +1190,12 @@ var Decimal = /*#__PURE__*/function () {
     key: "trunc",
     value: function trunc() {
       if (this.mag < 0) {
-        return Decimal.dZero;
+        return FC_NN(0, 0, 0);
       }
       if (this.layer === 0) {
         return FC(this.sign, 0, Math.trunc(this.mag));
       }
-      return this;
+      return new Decimal(this);
     }
     /**
      * Addition: returns the sum of 'this' and 'value'.
@@ -1170,19 +1204,23 @@ var Decimal = /*#__PURE__*/function () {
     key: "add",
     value: function add(value) {
       var decimal = D(value);
+      //Infinity + -Infinity = NaN
+      if (this.eq(Decimal.dInf) && decimal.eq(Decimal.dNegInf) || this.eq(Decimal.dNegInf) && decimal.eq(Decimal.dInf)) {
+        return FC_NN(Number.NaN, Number.NaN, Number.NaN);
+      }
       //inf/nan check
       if (!Number.isFinite(this.layer)) {
-        return this;
+        return new Decimal(this);
       }
       if (!Number.isFinite(decimal.layer)) {
-        return decimal;
+        return new Decimal(decimal);
       }
       //Special case - if one of the numbers is 0, return the other number.
       if (this.sign === 0) {
-        return decimal;
+        return new Decimal(decimal);
       }
       if (decimal.sign === 0) {
-        return this;
+        return new Decimal(this);
       }
       //Special case - Adding a number to its negation produces 0, no matter how large.
       if (this.sign === -decimal.sign && this.layer === decimal.layer && this.mag === decimal.mag) {
@@ -1195,11 +1233,11 @@ var Decimal = /*#__PURE__*/function () {
         return this.maxabs(decimal);
       }
       if (Decimal.cmpabs(this, decimal) > 0) {
-        a = this;
-        b = decimal;
+        a = new Decimal(this);
+        b = new Decimal(decimal);
       } else {
-        a = decimal;
-        b = this;
+        a = new Decimal(decimal);
+        b = new Decimal(this);
       }
       if (a.layer === 0 && b.layer === 0) {
         return Decimal.fromNumber(a.sign * a.mag + b.sign * b.mag);
@@ -1275,12 +1313,20 @@ var Decimal = /*#__PURE__*/function () {
     key: "mul",
     value: function mul(value) {
       var decimal = D(value);
+      // Infinity * -Infinity = -Infinity
+      if (this.eq(Decimal.dInf) && decimal.eq(Decimal.dNegInf) || this.eq(Decimal.dNegInf) && decimal.eq(Decimal.dInf)) {
+        return FC_NN(-1, Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY, Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY);
+      }
+      //Infinity * 0 = NaN
+      if (this.mag == Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY && decimal.eq(Decimal.dZero) || this.eq(Decimal.dZero) && this.mag == Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY) {
+        return FC_NN(Number.NaN, Number.NaN, Number.NaN);
+      }
       //inf/nan check
       if (!Number.isFinite(this.layer)) {
-        return this;
+        return new Decimal(this);
       }
       if (!Number.isFinite(decimal.layer)) {
-        return decimal;
+        return new Decimal(decimal);
       }
       //Special case - if one of the numbers is 0, return 0.
       if (this.sign === 0 || decimal.sign === 0) {
@@ -1294,11 +1340,11 @@ var Decimal = /*#__PURE__*/function () {
       var b;
       //Which number is bigger in terms of its multiplicative distance from 1?
       if (this.layer > decimal.layer || this.layer == decimal.layer && Math.abs(this.mag) > Math.abs(decimal.mag)) {
-        a = this;
-        b = decimal;
+        a = new Decimal(this);
+        b = new Decimal(decimal);
       } else {
-        a = decimal;
-        b = this;
+        a = new Decimal(decimal);
+        b = new Decimal(this);
       }
       if (a.layer === 0 && b.layer === 0) {
         return Decimal.fromNumber(a.sign * b.sign * a.mag * b.mag);
@@ -1379,7 +1425,9 @@ var Decimal = /*#__PURE__*/function () {
     key: "recip",
     value: function recip() {
       if (this.mag === 0) {
-        return Decimal.dNaN;
+        return FC_NN(Number.NaN, Number.NaN, Number.NaN);
+      } else if (this.mag === Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY) {
+        return FC_NN(0, 0, 0);
       } else if (this.layer === 0) {
         return FC(this.sign, 0, 1 / this.mag);
       } else {
@@ -1411,7 +1459,7 @@ var Decimal = /*#__PURE__*/function () {
     key: "mod",
     value: function mod(value) {
       var decimal = D(value).abs();
-      if (decimal.eq(Decimal.dZero)) return Decimal.dZero;
+      if (decimal.eq(Decimal.dZero)) return FC_NN(0, 0, 0);
       var num_this = this.toNumber();
       var num_decimal = decimal.toNumber();
       //Special case: To avoid precision issues, if both numbers are valid JS numbers, just call % on those
@@ -1420,11 +1468,11 @@ var Decimal = /*#__PURE__*/function () {
       }
       if (this.sub(decimal).eq(this)) {
         //decimal is too small to register to this
-        return Decimal.dZero;
+        return FC_NN(0, 0, 0);
       }
       if (decimal.sub(this).eq(decimal)) {
         //this is too small to register to decimal
-        return this;
+        return new Decimal(this);
       }
       if (this.sign == -1) return this.abs().mod(decimal).neg();
       return this.sub(this.div(decimal).floor().mul(decimal));
@@ -1590,7 +1638,7 @@ var Decimal = /*#__PURE__*/function () {
     key: "max",
     value: function max(value) {
       var decimal = D(value);
-      return this.lt(decimal) ? decimal : this;
+      return this.lt(decimal) ? new Decimal(decimal) : new Decimal(this);
     }
     /**
      * Returns whichever of 'this' and 'value' is lower.
@@ -1599,7 +1647,7 @@ var Decimal = /*#__PURE__*/function () {
     key: "min",
     value: function min(value) {
       var decimal = D(value);
-      return this.gt(decimal) ? decimal : this;
+      return this.gt(decimal) ? new Decimal(decimal) : new Decimal(this);
     }
     /**
      * Returns whichever of 'this' and 'value' has a larger absolute value.
@@ -1608,7 +1656,7 @@ var Decimal = /*#__PURE__*/function () {
     key: "maxabs",
     value: function maxabs(value) {
       var decimal = D(value);
-      return this.cmpabs(decimal) < 0 ? decimal : this;
+      return this.cmpabs(decimal) < 0 ? new Decimal(decimal) : new Decimal(this);
     }
     /**
      * Returns whichever of 'this' and 'value' has a smaller absolute value.
@@ -1617,7 +1665,7 @@ var Decimal = /*#__PURE__*/function () {
     key: "minabs",
     value: function minabs(value) {
       var decimal = D(value);
-      return this.cmpabs(decimal) > 0 ? decimal : this;
+      return this.cmpabs(decimal) > 0 ? new Decimal(decimal) : new Decimal(this);
     }
     /**
      * A combination of minimum and maximum: the value returned by clamp is normally 'this', but it won't go below 'min' and it won't go above 'max'.
@@ -1792,7 +1840,7 @@ var Decimal = /*#__PURE__*/function () {
     key: "pLog10",
     value: function pLog10() {
       if (this.lt(Decimal.dZero)) {
-        return Decimal.dZero;
+        return FC_NN(0, 0, 0);
       }
       return this.log10();
     }
@@ -1803,7 +1851,7 @@ var Decimal = /*#__PURE__*/function () {
     key: "absLog10",
     value: function absLog10() {
       if (this.sign === 0) {
-        return Decimal.dNaN;
+        return FC_NN(Number.NaN, Number.NaN, Number.NaN);
       } else if (this.layer > 0) {
         return FC(Math.sign(this.mag), this.layer - 1, Math.abs(this.mag));
       } else {
@@ -1818,7 +1866,7 @@ var Decimal = /*#__PURE__*/function () {
     key: "log10",
     value: function log10() {
       if (this.sign <= 0) {
-        return Decimal.dNaN;
+        return FC_NN(Number.NaN, Number.NaN, Number.NaN);
       } else if (this.layer > 0) {
         return FC(Math.sign(this.mag), this.layer - 1, Math.abs(this.mag));
       } else {
@@ -1833,13 +1881,13 @@ var Decimal = /*#__PURE__*/function () {
     value: function log(base) {
       base = D(base);
       if (this.sign <= 0) {
-        return Decimal.dNaN;
+        return FC_NN(Number.NaN, Number.NaN, Number.NaN);
       }
       if (base.sign <= 0) {
-        return Decimal.dNaN;
+        return FC_NN(Number.NaN, Number.NaN, Number.NaN);
       }
       if (base.sign === 1 && base.layer === 0 && base.mag === 1) {
-        return Decimal.dNaN;
+        return FC_NN(Number.NaN, Number.NaN, Number.NaN);
       } else if (this.layer === 0 && base.layer === 0) {
         return FC(this.sign, 0, Math.log(this.mag) / Math.log(base.mag));
       }
@@ -1852,7 +1900,7 @@ var Decimal = /*#__PURE__*/function () {
     key: "log2",
     value: function log2() {
       if (this.sign <= 0) {
-        return Decimal.dNaN;
+        return FC_NN(Number.NaN, Number.NaN, Number.NaN);
       } else if (this.layer === 0) {
         return FC(this.sign, 0, Math.log2(this.mag));
       } else if (this.layer === 1) {
@@ -1870,7 +1918,7 @@ var Decimal = /*#__PURE__*/function () {
     key: "ln",
     value: function ln() {
       if (this.sign <= 0) {
-        return Decimal.dNaN;
+        return FC_NN(Number.NaN, Number.NaN, Number.NaN);
       } else if (this.layer === 0) {
         return FC(this.sign, 0, Math.log(this.mag));
       } else if (this.layer === 1) {
@@ -1896,8 +1944,8 @@ var Decimal = /*#__PURE__*/function () {
     key: "pow",
     value: function pow(value) {
       var decimal = D(value);
-      var a = this;
-      var b = decimal;
+      var a = new Decimal(this);
+      var b = new Decimal(decimal);
       //special case: if a is 0, then return 0 (UNLESS b is 0, then return 1)
       if (a.sign === 0) {
         return b.eq(0) ? FC_NN(1, 0, 1) : a;
@@ -1921,7 +1969,7 @@ var Decimal = /*#__PURE__*/function () {
         } else if (Math.abs(b.toNumber() % 2) % 2 === 0) {
           return result;
         }
-        return Decimal.dNaN;
+        return FC_NN(Number.NaN, Number.NaN, Number.NaN);
       }
       return result;
     }
@@ -1938,10 +1986,16 @@ var Decimal = /*#__PURE__*/function () {
       3) positive sign, negative mag (e-15, ee-15): layer 0 case would have been handled in the Math.pow check, so just return 1
       4) negative sign, negative mag (-e-15, -ee-15): layer 0 case would have been handled in the Math.pow check, so just return 1
       */
+      if (this.eq(Decimal.dInf)) {
+        return FC_NN(1, Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY, Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY);
+      }
+      if (this.eq(Decimal.dNegInf)) {
+        return FC_NN(0, 0, 0);
+      }
       if (!Number.isFinite(this.layer) || !Number.isFinite(this.mag)) {
-        return Decimal.dNaN;
+        return FC_NN(Number.NaN, Number.NaN, Number.NaN);
       }
-      var a = this;
+      var a = new Decimal(this);
       //handle layer 0 case - if no precision is lost just use Math.pow, else promote one layer
       if (a.layer === 0) {
         var newmag = Math.pow(10, a.sign * a.mag);
@@ -1949,7 +2003,7 @@ var Decimal = /*#__PURE__*/function () {
           return FC(1, 0, newmag);
         } else {
           if (a.sign === 0) {
-            return Decimal.dOne;
+            return FC_NN(1, 0, 1);
           } else {
             a = FC_NN(a.sign, a.layer + 1, Math.log10(a.mag));
           }
@@ -1963,7 +2017,7 @@ var Decimal = /*#__PURE__*/function () {
         return FC(-a.sign, a.layer + 1, -a.mag);
       }
       //both the negative mag cases are identical: one +/- rounding error
-      return Decimal.dOne;
+      return FC_NN(1, 0, 1);
     }
     /**
      * Exponentiation: Returns the result of 'value' ^ 'this' (often written as 'value' ** 'this' in programming languages).
@@ -2066,7 +2120,7 @@ var Decimal = /*#__PURE__*/function () {
     key: "exp",
     value: function exp() {
       if (this.mag < 0) {
-        return Decimal.dOne;
+        return FC_NN(1, 0, 1);
       }
       if (this.layer === 0 && this.mag <= 709.7) {
         return Decimal.fromNumber(Math.exp(this.sign * this.mag));
@@ -2146,7 +2200,7 @@ var Decimal = /*#__PURE__*/function () {
       }
       //1^^x == 1
       if (this.eq(Decimal.dOne)) {
-        return Decimal.dOne;
+        return FC_NN(1, 0, 1);
       }
       //-1^^x == -1
       if (this.eq(-1)) {
@@ -2156,21 +2210,25 @@ var Decimal = /*#__PURE__*/function () {
         var this_num = this.toNumber();
         //within the convergence range?
         if (this_num <= 1.44466786100976613366 && this_num >= 0.06598803584531253708) {
+          var negln = Decimal.ln(this).neg();
+          //For bases above 1, b^x = x has two solutions. The lower solution is a stable equilibrium, the upper solution is an unstable equilibrium.
+          var lower = negln.lambertw().div(negln);
+          // However, if the base is below 1, there's only the stable equilibrium solution.
+          if (this_num < 1) return lower;
+          var upper = negln.lambertw(false).div(negln);
           //hotfix for the very edge of the number range not being handled properly
           if (this_num > 1.444667861009099) {
-            return Decimal.fromNumber(Math.E);
+            lower = upper = Decimal.fromNumber(Math.E);
           }
-          //Formula for infinite height power tower.
-          var negln = Decimal.ln(this).neg();
-          return negln.lambertw().div(negln);
+          payload = D(payload);
+          if (payload.eq(upper)) return upper;else if (payload.lt(upper)) return lower;else return FC_NN(1, Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY, Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY);
         } else if (this_num > 1.44466786100976613366) {
           //explodes to infinity
-          // TODO: replace this with Decimal.dInf
-          return Decimal.fromNumber(Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY);
+          return FC_NN(1, Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY, Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY);
         } else {
           //0.06598803584531253708 > this_num >= 0: never converges
           //this_num < 0: quickly becomes a complex number
-          return Decimal.dNaN;
+          return FC_NN(Number.NaN, Number.NaN, Number.NaN);
         }
       }
       //0^^x oscillates if we define 0^0 == 1 (which in javascript land we do), since then 0^^1 is 0, 0^^2 is 1, 0^^3 is 0, etc. payload is ignored
@@ -2185,14 +2243,15 @@ var Decimal = /*#__PURE__*/function () {
       if (height < 0) {
         return Decimal.iteratedlog(payload, this, -height, linear);
       }
-      payload = D(payload);
+      payload = new Decimal(payload);
       var oldheight = height;
       height = Math.trunc(height);
       var fracheight = oldheight - height;
-      if (this.gt(Decimal.dZero) && this.lte(1.44466786100976613366) && (oldheight > 10000 || !linear)) {
-        //similar to 0^^n, flip-flops between two values, converging slowly (or if it's below 0.06598803584531253708, never. so once again, the fractional part at the end will be a linear approximation (TODO: again pending knowledge of how to approximate better, although tbh I think it should in reality just be NaN)
-        height = Math.min(10000, height);
-        for (var i = 0; i < height; ++i) {
+      if (this.gt(Decimal.dZero) && (this.lt(1) || this.lte(1.44466786100976613366) && payload.lte(Decimal.ln(this).neg().lambertw(false).div(Decimal.ln(this).neg()))) && (oldheight > 10000 || !linear)) {
+        //similar to 0^^n, flip-flops between two values, converging slowly (or if it's below 0.06598803584531253708, never). So once again, the fractional part at the beginning will be a linear approximation (TODO: again pending knowledge of how to approximate better, although tbh I think it should in reality just be NaN)
+        var limitheight = Math.min(10000, height);
+        if (payload.eq(Decimal.dOne)) payload = this.pow(fracheight);else if (this.lt(1)) payload = payload.pow(1 - fracheight).mul(this.pow(payload).pow(fracheight));else payload = payload.layeradd(fracheight, this);
+        for (var i = 0; i < limitheight; ++i) {
           var old_payload = payload;
           payload = this.pow(payload);
           //stop early if we converge
@@ -2200,13 +2259,8 @@ var Decimal = /*#__PURE__*/function () {
             return payload;
           }
         }
-        if (fracheight != 0 || oldheight > 10000) {
-          var next_payload = this.pow(payload);
-          if (oldheight <= 10000 || Math.ceil(oldheight) % 2 == 0) {
-            return payload.mul(1 - fracheight).add(next_payload.mul(fracheight));
-          } else {
-            return payload.mul(fracheight).add(next_payload.mul(1 - fracheight));
-          }
+        if (oldheight > 10000 && Math.ceil(oldheight) % 2 == 1) {
+          return this.pow(payload);
         }
         return payload;
       }
@@ -2228,6 +2282,8 @@ var Decimal = /*#__PURE__*/function () {
         } else {
           if (this.eq(10)) {
             payload = payload.layeradd10(fracheight, linear);
+          } else if (this.lt(1)) {
+            payload = payload.pow(1 - fracheight).mul(this.pow(payload).pow(fracheight));
           } else {
             payload = payload.layeradd(fracheight, this, linear);
           }
@@ -2311,6 +2367,7 @@ var Decimal = /*#__PURE__*/function () {
         if (base.eq(10)) {
           result = result.layeradd10(-fraction, linear);
         } else {
+          //I have no clue what a fractional times on a base below 1 should even mean, so I'm not going to bother - just let it be NaN (TODO: come up with what the answer actually should be)
           result = result.layeradd(-fraction, base, linear);
         }
       }
@@ -2369,28 +2426,34 @@ var Decimal = /*#__PURE__*/function () {
       //special cases:
       //slog base 0 or lower is NaN
       if (base.lte(Decimal.dZero)) {
-        return Decimal.dNaN;
+        return FC_NN(Number.NaN, Number.NaN, Number.NaN);
       }
       //slog base 1 is NaN
       if (base.eq(Decimal.dOne)) {
-        return Decimal.dNaN;
+        return FC_NN(Number.NaN, Number.NaN, Number.NaN);
       }
       //need to handle these small, wobbling bases specially
       if (base.lt(Decimal.dOne)) {
         if (this.eq(Decimal.dOne)) {
-          return Decimal.dZero;
+          return FC_NN(0, 0, 0);
         }
         if (this.eq(Decimal.dZero)) {
-          return Decimal.dNegOne;
+          return FC_NN(-1, 0, 1);
         }
         //0 < this < 1: ambiguous (happens multiple times)
         //this < 0: impossible (as far as I can tell)
         //this > 1: partially complex (http://myweb.astate.edu/wpaulsen/tetcalc/tetcalc.html base 0.25 for proof)
-        return Decimal.dNaN;
+        return FC_NN(Number.NaN, Number.NaN, Number.NaN);
       }
       //slog_n(0) is -1
       if (this.mag < 0 || this.eq(Decimal.dZero)) {
-        return Decimal.dNegOne;
+        return FC_NN(-1, 0, 1);
+      }
+      if (base.lt(1.44466786100976613366)) {
+        var negln = Decimal.ln(base).neg();
+        var infTower = negln.lambertw().div(negln);
+        if (this.eq(infTower)) return FC_NN(1, Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY, Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY);
+        if (this.gt(infTower)) return FC_NN(Number.NaN, Number.NaN, Number.NaN);
       }
       var result = 0;
       var copy = Decimal.fromDecimal(this);
@@ -2501,41 +2564,87 @@ var Decimal = /*#__PURE__*/function () {
     key: "layeradd",
     value: function layeradd(diff, base) {
       var linear = arguments.length > 2 && arguments[2] !== undefined ? arguments[2] : false;
-      var slogthis = this.slog(base).toNumber();
+      var baseD = D(base);
+      if (baseD.gt(1) && baseD.lte(1.44466786100976613366)) {
+        var excessSlog = Decimal.excess_slog(this, base, linear);
+        var _slogthis = excessSlog[0].toNumber();
+        var range = excessSlog[1];
+        var _slogdest = _slogthis + diff;
+        var negln = Decimal.ln(base).neg();
+        var lower = negln.lambertw().div(negln);
+        var upper = negln.lambertw(false).div(negln);
+        var slogzero = Decimal.dOne;
+        if (range == 1) slogzero = lower.mul(upper).sqrt();else if (range == 2) slogzero = upper.mul(2);
+        var slogone = baseD.pow(slogzero);
+        var wholeheight = Math.floor(_slogdest);
+        var fracheight = _slogdest - wholeheight;
+        var towertop = slogzero.pow(1 - fracheight).mul(slogone.pow(fracheight));
+        return Decimal.tetrate(baseD, wholeheight, towertop, linear); //wholediff is a whole number so this is safe even if it ends up calling iteratedlog
+      }
+
+      var slogthis = this.slog(base, 100, linear).toNumber();
       var slogdest = slogthis + diff;
       if (slogdest >= 0) {
         return Decimal.tetrate(base, slogdest, Decimal.dOne, linear);
       } else if (!Number.isFinite(slogdest)) {
-        return Decimal.dNaN;
+        return FC_NN(Number.NaN, Number.NaN, Number.NaN);
       } else if (slogdest >= -1) {
         return Decimal.log(Decimal.tetrate(base, slogdest + 1, Decimal.dOne, linear), base);
       } else {
         return Decimal.log(Decimal.log(Decimal.tetrate(base, slogdest + 2, Decimal.dOne, linear), base), base);
       }
     }
+    //Apparently having something be private but not static breaks everything
+    /**
+     * A strange version of slog for bases between 1 and e^1/e which can handle values above base^^Infinity.
+     * Returns a pair of a Decimal and a number, with the number always being 0, 1, or 2. The number indicates what range we're in:
+     * 0 means we're below the lower solution of b^x = x, and so the normal slog is used.
+     * 1 means we're between the two solutions of b^x = x, with the geometric mean of the two solutions arbitrarily chosen to be the value with a slog of 0.
+     * 2 means we're above the upper solution of b^x = x, with (upper solution * 2) arbitrarily chosen to be the value with a slog of 0.
+     *
+     * The values returned by this function don't really have much mathematical meaning, but the difference between two values does.
+     * Therefore, this function is kept private, but it's used for layeradd on these small bases.
+     */
+  }, {
+    key: "lambertw",
+    value:
     /**
      * The Lambert W function, also called the omega function or product logarithm, is the solution W(x) === x*e^x.
      * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lambert_W_function
+     *
+     * This is a multi-valued function in the complex plane, but only two branches matter for real numbers: the "principal branch" W0, and the "non-principal branch" W_-1.
+     * W_0 works for any number >= -1/e, but W_-1 only works for nonpositive numbers >= -1/e.
+     * The "principal" parameter, which is true by default, decides which branch we're looking for: W_0 is used if principal is true, W_-1 is used if principal is false.
      */
     //Some special values, for testing: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lambert_W_function#Special_values
-  }, {
-    key: "lambertw",
-    value: function lambertw() {
+    function lambertw() {
+      var principal = arguments.length > 0 && arguments[0] !== undefined ? arguments[0] : true;
       if (this.lt(-0.3678794411710499)) {
-        throw Error("lambertw is unimplemented for results less than -1, sorry!");
-      } else if (this.mag < 0) {
-        return Decimal.fromNumber(f_lambertw(this.toNumber()));
-      } else if (this.layer === 0) {
-        return Decimal.fromNumber(f_lambertw(this.sign * this.mag));
-      } else if (this.layer === 1) {
-        return d_lambertw(this);
-      } else if (this.layer === 2) {
-        return d_lambertw(this);
-      }
-      if (this.layer >= 3) {
-        return FC_NN(this.sign, this.layer - 1, this.mag);
+        return FC_NN(Number.NaN, Number.NaN, Number.NaN); //complex
+      } else if (principal) {
+        if (this.abs().lt("1e-300")) return new Decimal(this);else if (this.mag < 0) {
+          return Decimal.fromNumber(f_lambertw(this.toNumber()));
+        } else if (this.layer === 0) {
+          return Decimal.fromNumber(f_lambertw(this.sign * this.mag));
+        } else if (this.lt("eee15")) {
+          return d_lambertw(this);
+        } else {
+          // Numbers this large would sometimes fail to converge using d_lambertw, and at this size this.ln() is close enough
+          return this.ln();
+        }
+      } else {
+        if (this.sign === 1) {
+          return FC_NN(Number.NaN, Number.NaN, Number.NaN); //complex
+        }
+
+        if (this.layer === 0) {
+          return Decimal.fromNumber(f_lambertw(this.sign * this.mag, 1e-10, false));
+        } else if (this.layer == 1) {
+          return d_lambertw(this, 1e-10, false);
+        } else {
+          return this.neg().recip().lambertw().neg();
+        }
       }
-      throw "Unhandled behavior in lambertw()";
     }
     /**
      * The super square-root function - what number, tetrated to height 2, equals 'this'? https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetration#Super-root
@@ -2561,10 +2670,10 @@ var Decimal = /*#__PURE__*/function () {
         return this;
       }
       if (this.eq(Decimal.dInf)) {
-        return Decimal.dInf;
+        return FC_NN(1, Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY, Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY);
       }
       if (!this.isFinite()) {
-        return Decimal.dNaN;
+        return FC_NN(Number.NaN, Number.NaN, Number.NaN);
       }
       //Using linear approximation, x^^n = x^n if 0 < n < 1
       if (degree > 0 && degree < 1) {
@@ -2576,7 +2685,7 @@ var Decimal = /*#__PURE__*/function () {
       }
       //Super roots with -1 <= degree < 0 have either no solution or infinitely many solutions, and tetration with height <= -2 returns NaN, so super roots of degree <= -2 don't work
       if (degree <= 0) {
-        return Decimal.dNaN;
+        return FC_NN(Number.NaN, Number.NaN, Number.NaN);
       }
       //Infinite degree super-root is x^(1/x) between 1/e <= x <= e, undefined otherwise
       if (degree == Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY) {
@@ -2584,20 +2693,20 @@ var Decimal = /*#__PURE__*/function () {
         if (this_num < Math.E && this_num > _EXPN1) {
           return this.pow(this.recip());
         } else {
-          return Decimal.dNaN;
+          return FC_NN(Number.NaN, Number.NaN, Number.NaN);
         }
       }
       //Special case: any super-root of 1 is 1
       if (this.eq(1)) {
-        return Decimal.dOne;
+        return FC_NN(1, 0, 1);
       }
       //TODO: base < 0 (It'll probably be NaN anyway)
       if (this.lt(0)) {
-        return Decimal.dNaN;
+        return FC_NN(Number.NaN, Number.NaN, Number.NaN);
       }
       //Treat all numbers of layer <= -2 as zero, because they effectively are
       if (this.lte("1ee-16")) {
-        if (degree % 2 == 1) return this;else return Decimal.dNaN;
+        if (degree % 2 == 1) return new Decimal(this);else return FC_NN(Number.NaN, Number.NaN, Number.NaN);
       }
       //this > 1
       if (this.gt(1)) {
@@ -2789,7 +2898,7 @@ var Decimal = /*#__PURE__*/function () {
           if (_lower.eq(FC(1, 10, 1))) _guess = _upper.mul(2);else _guess = _lower.add(_upper).div(2);
           if (Decimal.pow(10, _guess).recip().tetrate(degree, 1, true).gt(this)) _upper = _guess;else _lower = _guess;
           if (_guess.eq(_previous)) _loopGoing = false;else _previous = _guess;
-          if (_upper.gt("1e18")) return Decimal.dNaN;
+          if (_upper.gt("1e18")) return FC_NN(Number.NaN, Number.NaN, Number.NaN);
         }
         //using guess.neq(minimum) led to imprecision errors, so here's a fixed version of that
         if (!_guess.eq_tolerance(minimum, 1e-15)) {
@@ -2799,7 +2908,7 @@ var Decimal = /*#__PURE__*/function () {
           //Check if the root is in the zero range.
           if (maximum.eq(FC(1, 10, 1))) {
             //There is no zero range, so the super root doesn't exist
-            return Decimal.dNaN;
+            return FC_NN(Number.NaN, Number.NaN, Number.NaN);
           }
           _lower = FC(1, 10, 1);
           _upper = maximum;
@@ -2810,7 +2919,7 @@ var Decimal = /*#__PURE__*/function () {
             if (_lower.eq(FC(1, 10, 1))) _guess = _upper.mul(2);else _guess = _lower.add(_upper).div(2);
             if (Decimal.pow(10, _guess).recip().tetrate(degree, 1, true).gt(this)) _upper = _guess;else _lower = _guess;
             if (_guess.eq(_previous)) _loopGoing = false;else _previous = _guess;
-            if (_upper.gt("1e18")) return Decimal.dNaN;
+            if (_upper.gt("1e18")) return FC_NN(Number.NaN, Number.NaN, Number.NaN);
           }
           return _guess.pow10().recip();
         }
@@ -2833,7 +2942,7 @@ var Decimal = /*#__PURE__*/function () {
       var height = arguments.length > 0 && arguments[0] !== undefined ? arguments[0] : 2;
       var payload = arguments.length > 1 && arguments[1] !== undefined ? arguments[1] : FC_NN(1, 0, 1);
       var linear = arguments.length > 2 && arguments[2] !== undefined ? arguments[2] : false;
-      payload = D(payload);
+      payload = new Decimal(payload);
       var oldheight = height;
       height = Math.trunc(height);
       var fracheight = oldheight - height;
@@ -2871,7 +2980,7 @@ var Decimal = /*#__PURE__*/function () {
     key: "sin",
     value: function sin() {
       if (this.mag < 0) {
-        return this;
+        return new Decimal(this);
       }
       if (this.layer === 0) {
         return Decimal.fromNumber(Math.sin(this.sign * this.mag));
@@ -2885,7 +2994,7 @@ var Decimal = /*#__PURE__*/function () {
     key: "cos",
     value: function cos() {
       if (this.mag < 0) {
-        return Decimal.dOne;
+        return FC_NN(1, 0, 1);
       }
       if (this.layer === 0) {
         return Decimal.fromNumber(Math.cos(this.sign * this.mag));
@@ -2899,7 +3008,7 @@ var Decimal = /*#__PURE__*/function () {
     key: "tan",
     value: function tan() {
       if (this.mag < 0) {
-        return this;
+        return new Decimal(this);
       }
       if (this.layer === 0) {
         return Decimal.fromNumber(Math.tan(this.sign * this.mag));
@@ -2913,7 +3022,7 @@ var Decimal = /*#__PURE__*/function () {
     key: "asin",
     value: function asin() {
       if (this.mag < 0) {
-        return this;
+        return new Decimal(this);
       }
       if (this.layer === 0) {
         return Decimal.fromNumber(Math.asin(this.sign * this.mag));
@@ -2941,7 +3050,7 @@ var Decimal = /*#__PURE__*/function () {
     key: "atan",
     value: function atan() {
       if (this.mag < 0) {
-        return this;
+        return new Decimal(this);
       }
       if (this.layer === 0) {
         return Decimal.fromNumber(Math.atan(this.sign * this.mag));
@@ -3006,7 +3115,7 @@ var Decimal = /*#__PURE__*/function () {
     key: "ascensionPenalty",
     value: function ascensionPenalty(ascensions) {
       if (ascensions === 0) {
-        return this;
+        return new Decimal(this);
       }
       return this.root(Decimal.pow(10, ascensions));
     }
@@ -3128,7 +3237,7 @@ var Decimal = /*#__PURE__*/function () {
         // This should never happen... but some users like Prestige Tree Rewritten
         // pass undefined values in as DecimalSources, so we should handle this
         // case to not break them.
-        return Decimal.dZero;
+        return FC_NN(0, 0, 0);
       }
     }
     /**
@@ -3891,11 +4000,15 @@ var Decimal = /*#__PURE__*/function () {
     /**
      * The Lambert W function, also called the omega function or product logarithm, is the solution W(x) === x*e^x.
      * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lambert_W_function
+     *
+     * This is a multi-valued function in the complex plane, but only two branches matter for real numbers: the "principal branch" W0, and the "non-principal branch" W_-1.
+     * W_0 works for any number >= -1/e, but W_-1 only works for negative numbers >= -1/e.
+     * The "principal" parameter, which is true by default, decides which branch we're looking for: W_0 is used if principal is true, W_-1 is used if principal is false.
      */
   }, {
     key: "lambertw",
-    value: function lambertw(value) {
-      return D(value).lambertw();
+    value: function lambertw(value, principal) {
+      return D(value).lambertw(principal);
     }
     /**
      * The super square-root function - what number, tetrated to height 2, equals 'value'? https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetration#Super-root
@@ -4204,6 +4317,109 @@ var Decimal = /*#__PURE__*/function () {
         return Math.pow(base, Math.log(lower) / Math.log(base) * (1 - frac) + Math.log(upper) / Math.log(base) * frac);
       }
     }
+  }, {
+    key: "excess_slog",
+    value: function excess_slog(value, base) {
+      var linear = arguments.length > 2 && arguments[2] !== undefined ? arguments[2] : false;
+      value = D(value);
+      base = D(base);
+      var baseD = base;
+      base = base.toNumber();
+      if (base == 1 || base <= 0) return [FC_NN(Number.NaN, Number.NaN, Number.NaN), 0];
+      if (base > 1.44466786100976613366) return [value.slog(base, 100, linear), 0];
+      var negln = Decimal.ln(base).neg();
+      var lower = negln.lambertw().div(negln);
+      var upper = Decimal.dInf;
+      if (base > 1) upper = negln.lambertw(false).div(negln);
+      if (base > 1.444667861009099) {
+        lower = upper = Decimal.fromNumber(Math.E);
+      }
+      if (value.lt(lower)) return [value.slog(base, 100, linear), 0];
+      if (value.eq(lower)) return [FC_NN(1, Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY, Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY), 0];
+      if (value.eq(upper)) return [FC_NN(1, Number.NEGATIVE_INFINITY, Number.NEGATIVE_INFINITY), 2];
+      if (value.gt(upper)) {
+        var slogzero = upper.mul(2);
+        var slogone = baseD.pow(slogzero);
+        var estimate = 0;
+        if (value.gte(slogzero) && value.lt(slogone)) estimate = 0;else if (value.gte(slogone)) {
+          var payload = slogone;
+          estimate = 1;
+          while (payload.lt(value)) {
+            payload = baseD.pow(payload);
+            estimate = estimate + 1;
+            if (payload.layer > 3) {
+              var layersleft = Math.floor(value.layer - payload.layer + 1);
+              payload = baseD.iteratedexp(layersleft, payload, linear);
+              estimate = estimate + layersleft;
+            }
+          }
+          if (payload.gt(value)) {
+            payload = payload.log(base);
+            estimate = estimate - 1;
+          }
+        } else if (value.lt(slogzero)) {
+          var _payload5 = slogzero;
+          estimate = 0;
+          while (_payload5.gt(value)) {
+            _payload5 = _payload5.log(base);
+            estimate = estimate - 1;
+          }
+        }
+        var fracheight = 0;
+        var tested = 0;
+        var step_size = 0.5;
+        var towertop = slogzero;
+        var guess = Decimal.dZero;
+        while (step_size > 1e-16) {
+          tested = fracheight + step_size;
+          towertop = slogzero.pow(1 - tested).mul(slogone.pow(tested)); //Weighted geometric average
+          guess = Decimal.iteratedexp(base, estimate, towertop);
+          if (guess.eq(value)) return [new Decimal(estimate + tested), 2];else if (guess.lt(value)) fracheight += step_size;
+          step_size /= 2;
+        }
+        if (guess.neq_tolerance(value, 1e-7)) return [FC_NN(Number.NaN, Number.NaN, Number.NaN), 0];
+        return [new Decimal(estimate + fracheight), 2];
+      }
+      if (value.lt(upper) && value.gt(lower)) {
+        var _slogzero = lower.mul(upper).sqrt(); //Geometric mean of the two b^x = x solutions
+        var _slogone = baseD.pow(_slogzero);
+        var _estimate = 0;
+        if (value.lte(_slogzero) && value.gt(_slogone)) _estimate = 0;else if (value.lte(_slogone)) {
+          var _payload6 = _slogone;
+          _estimate = 1;
+          while (_payload6.gt(value)) {
+            _payload6 = baseD.pow(_payload6);
+            _estimate = _estimate + 1;
+          }
+          if (_payload6.lt(value)) {
+            _payload6 = _payload6.log(base);
+            _estimate = _estimate - 1;
+          }
+        } else if (value.gt(_slogzero)) {
+          var _payload7 = _slogzero;
+          _estimate = 0;
+          while (_payload7.lt(value)) {
+            _payload7 = _payload7.log(base);
+            _estimate = _estimate - 1;
+          }
+        }
+        var _fracheight = 0;
+        var _tested = 0;
+        var _step_size = 0.5;
+        var _towertop = _slogzero;
+        var _guess2 = Decimal.dZero;
+        while (_step_size > 1e-16) {
+          _tested = _fracheight + _step_size;
+          _towertop = _slogzero.pow(1 - _tested).mul(_slogone.pow(_tested)); //Weighted geometric average
+          _guess2 = Decimal.iteratedexp(base, _estimate, _towertop);
+          if (_guess2.eq(value)) return [new Decimal(_estimate + _tested), 1];else if (_guess2.gt(value)) _fracheight += _step_size;
+          _step_size /= 2;
+        }
+        if (_guess2.neq_tolerance(value, 1e-7)) return [FC_NN(Number.NaN, Number.NaN, Number.NaN), 0];
+        return [new Decimal(_estimate + _fracheight), 1];
+      }
+      throw new Error("Unhandled behavior in excess_slog");
+    }
   }]);
   return Decimal;
 }();
@@ -4214,7 +4430,7 @@ Decimal.dTwo = FC_NN(1, 0, 2);
 Decimal.dTen = FC_NN(1, 0, 10);
 Decimal.dNaN = FC_NN(Number.NaN, Number.NaN, Number.NaN);
 Decimal.dInf = FC_NN(1, Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY, Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY);
-Decimal.dNegInf = FC_NN(-1, Number.NEGATIVE_INFINITY, Number.NEGATIVE_INFINITY);
+Decimal.dNegInf = FC_NN(-1, Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY, Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY);
 Decimal.dNumberMax = FC(1, 0, Number.MAX_VALUE);
 Decimal.dNumberMin = FC(1, 0, Number.MIN_VALUE);
 Decimal.fromStringCache = new LRUCache(DEFAULT_FROM_STRING_CACHE_SIZE);
diff --git a/break_eternity.js b/break_eternity.js
index 6aa091a..928ab01 100644
--- a/break_eternity.js
+++ b/break_eternity.js
@@ -289,42 +289,53 @@
     var np = n;
     l = l + 1 / (12 * np);
     np = np * n2;
-    l = l + 1 / (360 * np);
+    l = l - 1 / (360 * np);
     np = np * n2;
     l = l + 1 / (1260 * np);
     np = np * n2;
-    l = l + 1 / (1680 * np);
+    l = l - 1 / (1680 * np);
     np = np * n2;
     l = l + 1 / (1188 * np);
     np = np * n2;
-    l = l + 691 / (360360 * np);
+    l = l - 691 / (360360 * np);
     np = np * n2;
     l = l + 7 / (1092 * np);
     np = np * n2;
-    l = l + 3617 / (122400 * np);
+    l = l - 3617 / (122400 * np);
     return Math.exp(l) / scal1;
   };
   var _EXPN1 = 0.36787944117144232159553; // exp(-1)
   var OMEGA = 0.56714329040978387299997; // W(1, 0)
   //from https://math.stackexchange.com/a/465183
   // The evaluation can become inaccurate very close to the branch point
+  // Evaluates W(x, 0) if principal is true, W(x, -1) if principal is false
   var f_lambertw = function f_lambertw(z) {
     var tol = arguments.length > 1 && arguments[1] !== undefined ? arguments[1] : 1e-10;
+    var principal = arguments.length > 2 && arguments[2] !== undefined ? arguments[2] : true;
     var w;
     var wn;
     if (!Number.isFinite(z)) {
       return z;
     }
-    if (z === 0) {
-      return z;
-    }
-    if (z === 1) {
-      return OMEGA;
-    }
-    if (z < 10) {
-      w = 0;
+    if (principal) {
+      if (z === 0) {
+        return z;
+      }
+      if (z === 1) {
+        return OMEGA;
+      }
+      if (z < 10) {
+        w = 0;
+      } else {
+        w = Math.log(z) - Math.log(Math.log(z));
+      }
     } else {
-      w = Math.log(z) - Math.log(Math.log(z));
+      if (z === 0) return -Infinity;
+      if (z <= -0.1) {
+        w = -2;
+      } else {
+        w = Math.log(-z) - Math.log(-Math.log(-z));
+      }
     }
     for (var i = 0; i < 100; ++i) {
       wn = (z * Math.exp(-w) + w * w) / (w + 1);
@@ -341,22 +352,32 @@
   // The evaluation can become inaccurate very close to the branch point
   // at ``-1/e``. In some corner cases, `lambertw` might currently
   // fail to converge, or can end up on the wrong branch.
+  // Evaluates W(x, 0) if principal is true, W(x, -1) if principal is false
   function d_lambertw(z) {
     var tol = arguments.length > 1 && arguments[1] !== undefined ? arguments[1] : 1e-10;
+    var principal = arguments.length > 2 && arguments[2] !== undefined ? arguments[2] : true;
     var w;
     var ew, wewz, wn;
     if (!Number.isFinite(z.mag)) {
-      return z;
-    }
-    if (z.eq(Decimal.dZero)) {
-      return z;
+      return new Decimal(z);
     }
-    if (z.eq(Decimal.dOne)) {
-      //Split out this case because the asymptotic series blows up
-      return Decimal.fromNumber(OMEGA);
+    if (principal) {
+      if (z.eq(Decimal.dZero)) {
+        return FC_NN(0, 0, 0);
+      }
+      if (z.eq(Decimal.dOne)) {
+        //Split out this case because the asymptotic series blows up
+        return Decimal.fromNumber(OMEGA);
+      }
+      //Get an initial guess for Halley's method
+      w = Decimal.ln(z);
+    } else {
+      if (z.eq(Decimal.dZero)) {
+        return FC_NN(-1, Number.NEGATIVE_INFINITY, Number.NEGATIVE_INFINITY);
+      }
+      //Get an initial guess for Halley's method
+      w = Decimal.ln(z.neg());
     }
-    //Get an initial guess for Halley's method
-    w = Decimal.ln(z);
     //Halley's method; see 5.9 in [1]
     for (var i = 0; i < 100; ++i) {
       ew = w.neg().exp();
@@ -495,7 +516,7 @@
         Any 0 is totally zero (0, 0, 0) and any NaN is totally NaN (NaN, NaN, NaN).
         Anything layer 0 has mag 0 OR mag > 1/9e15 and < 9e15.
         Anything layer 1 or higher has abs(mag) >= 15.954 and < 9e15.
-        Any positive infinity is (1, Infinity, Infinity) and any negative infinity is (-1, -Infinity, -Infinity).
+        Any positive infinity is (1, Infinity, Infinity) and any negative infinity is (-1, Infinity, Infinity).
         We will assume in calculations that all Decimals are either erroneous or satisfy these criteria. (Otherwise: Garbage in, garbage out.)
         */
         //Any 0 is totally 0
@@ -512,13 +533,8 @@
         }
         //Handle infinities
         if (this.mag === Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY || this.layer === Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY || this.mag === Number.NEGATIVE_INFINITY || this.layer === Number.NEGATIVE_INFINITY) {
-          if (this.sign == 1) {
-            this.mag = Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY;
-            this.layer = Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY;
-          } else if (this.sign == -1) {
-            this.mag = Number.NEGATIVE_INFINITY;
-            this.layer = Number.NEGATIVE_INFINITY;
-          }
+          this.mag = Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY;
+          this.layer = Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY;
           return this;
         }
         //Handle shifting from layer 0 to negative layers.
@@ -734,6 +750,11 @@
         var ptparts = value.split("pt");
         if (ptparts.length === 2) {
           base = 10;
+          var negative = false;
+          if (ptparts[0][0] == "-") {
+            negative = true;
+            ptparts[0] = ptparts[0].slice(1);
+          }
           height = parseFloat(ptparts[0]);
           ptparts[1] = ptparts[1].replace("(", "");
           ptparts[1] = ptparts[1].replace(")", "");
@@ -749,6 +770,7 @@
             if (Decimal.fromStringCache.maxSize >= 1) {
               Decimal.fromStringCache.set(originalValue, Decimal.fromDecimal(this));
             }
+            if (negative) this.sign *= -1;
             return this;
           }
         }
@@ -756,6 +778,11 @@
         ptparts = value.split("p");
         if (ptparts.length === 2) {
           base = 10;
+          var _negative = false;
+          if (ptparts[0][0] == "-") {
+            _negative = true;
+            ptparts[0] = ptparts[0].slice(1);
+          }
           height = parseFloat(ptparts[0]);
           ptparts[1] = ptparts[1].replace("(", "");
           ptparts[1] = ptparts[1].replace(")", "");
@@ -771,6 +798,7 @@
             if (Decimal.fromStringCache.maxSize >= 1) {
               Decimal.fromStringCache.set(originalValue, Decimal.fromDecimal(this));
             }
+            if (_negative) this.sign *= -1;
             return this;
           }
         }
@@ -778,6 +806,11 @@
         ptparts = value.split("f");
         if (ptparts.length === 2) {
           base = 10;
+          var _negative2 = false;
+          if (ptparts[0][0] == "-") {
+            _negative2 = true;
+            ptparts[0] = ptparts[0].slice(1);
+          }
           ptparts[0] = ptparts[0].replace("(", "");
           ptparts[0] = ptparts[0].replace(")", "");
           var _payload4 = parseFloat(ptparts[0]);
@@ -795,6 +828,7 @@
             if (Decimal.fromStringCache.maxSize >= 1) {
               Decimal.fromStringCache.set(originalValue, Decimal.fromDecimal(this));
             }
+            if (_negative2) this.sign *= -1;
             return this;
           }
         }
@@ -942,7 +976,7 @@
         if (this.mag === Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY && this.layer === Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY && this.sign === 1) {
           return Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY;
         }
-        if (this.mag === Number.NEGATIVE_INFINITY && this.layer === Number.NEGATIVE_INFINITY && this.sign === -1) {
+        if (this.mag === Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY && this.layer === Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY && this.sign === -1) {
           return Number.NEGATIVE_INFINITY;
         }
         if (!Number.isFinite(this.layer)) {
@@ -992,7 +1026,7 @@
         if (isNaN(this.layer) || isNaN(this.sign) || isNaN(this.mag)) {
           return "NaN";
         }
-        if (this.mag === Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY || this.layer === Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY || this.mag === Number.NEGATIVE_INFINITY || this.layer === Number.NEGATIVE_INFINITY) {
+        if (this.mag === Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY || this.layer === Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY) {
           return this.sign === 1 ? "Infinity" : "-Infinity";
         }
         if (this.layer === 0) {
@@ -1117,12 +1151,12 @@
       key: "round",
       value: function round() {
         if (this.mag < 0) {
-          return Decimal.dZero;
+          return FC_NN(0, 0, 0);
         }
         if (this.layer === 0) {
           return FC(this.sign, 0, Math.round(this.mag));
         }
-        return this;
+        return new Decimal(this);
       }
       /**
        * "Rounds" the Decimal it's called on to the nearest integer that's less than or equal to it.
@@ -1131,13 +1165,13 @@
       key: "floor",
       value: function floor() {
         if (this.mag < 0) {
-          if (this.sign === -1) return Decimal.dNegOne;else return Decimal.dZero;
+          if (this.sign === -1) return FC_NN(-1, 0, 1);else return FC_NN(0, 0, 0);
         }
         if (this.sign === -1) return this.neg().ceil().neg();
         if (this.layer === 0) {
           return FC(this.sign, 0, Math.floor(this.mag));
         }
-        return this;
+        return new Decimal(this);
       }
       /**
        * "Rounds" the Decimal it's called on to the nearest integer that's greater than or equal to it.
@@ -1146,14 +1180,14 @@
       key: "ceil",
       value: function ceil() {
         if (this.mag < 0) {
-          if (this.sign === 1) return Decimal.dOne; //The ceiling function called on something tiny like 10^10^-100 should return 1, since 10^10^-100 is still greater than 0
-          else return Decimal.dZero;
+          if (this.sign === 1) return FC_NN(1, 0, 1); //The ceiling function called on something tiny like 10^10^-100 should return 1, since 10^10^-100 is still greater than 0
+          else return FC_NN(0, 0, 0);
         }
         if (this.sign === -1) return this.neg().floor().neg();
         if (this.layer === 0) {
           return FC(this.sign, 0, Math.ceil(this.mag));
         }
-        return this;
+        return new Decimal(this);
       }
       /**
        * Extracts the integer part of the Decimal and returns it. Behaves like floor on positive numbers, but behaves like ceiling on negative numbers.
@@ -1162,12 +1196,12 @@
       key: "trunc",
       value: function trunc() {
         if (this.mag < 0) {
-          return Decimal.dZero;
+          return FC_NN(0, 0, 0);
         }
         if (this.layer === 0) {
           return FC(this.sign, 0, Math.trunc(this.mag));
         }
-        return this;
+        return new Decimal(this);
       }
       /**
        * Addition: returns the sum of 'this' and 'value'.
@@ -1176,19 +1210,23 @@
       key: "add",
       value: function add(value) {
         var decimal = D(value);
+        //Infinity + -Infinity = NaN
+        if (this.eq(Decimal.dInf) && decimal.eq(Decimal.dNegInf) || this.eq(Decimal.dNegInf) && decimal.eq(Decimal.dInf)) {
+          return FC_NN(Number.NaN, Number.NaN, Number.NaN);
+        }
         //inf/nan check
         if (!Number.isFinite(this.layer)) {
-          return this;
+          return new Decimal(this);
         }
         if (!Number.isFinite(decimal.layer)) {
-          return decimal;
+          return new Decimal(decimal);
         }
         //Special case - if one of the numbers is 0, return the other number.
         if (this.sign === 0) {
-          return decimal;
+          return new Decimal(decimal);
         }
         if (decimal.sign === 0) {
-          return this;
+          return new Decimal(this);
         }
         //Special case - Adding a number to its negation produces 0, no matter how large.
         if (this.sign === -decimal.sign && this.layer === decimal.layer && this.mag === decimal.mag) {
@@ -1201,11 +1239,11 @@
           return this.maxabs(decimal);
         }
         if (Decimal.cmpabs(this, decimal) > 0) {
-          a = this;
-          b = decimal;
+          a = new Decimal(this);
+          b = new Decimal(decimal);
         } else {
-          a = decimal;
-          b = this;
+          a = new Decimal(decimal);
+          b = new Decimal(this);
         }
         if (a.layer === 0 && b.layer === 0) {
           return Decimal.fromNumber(a.sign * a.mag + b.sign * b.mag);
@@ -1281,12 +1319,20 @@
       key: "mul",
       value: function mul(value) {
         var decimal = D(value);
+        // Infinity * -Infinity = -Infinity
+        if (this.eq(Decimal.dInf) && decimal.eq(Decimal.dNegInf) || this.eq(Decimal.dNegInf) && decimal.eq(Decimal.dInf)) {
+          return FC_NN(-1, Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY, Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY);
+        }
+        //Infinity * 0 = NaN
+        if (this.mag == Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY && decimal.eq(Decimal.dZero) || this.eq(Decimal.dZero) && this.mag == Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY) {
+          return FC_NN(Number.NaN, Number.NaN, Number.NaN);
+        }
         //inf/nan check
         if (!Number.isFinite(this.layer)) {
-          return this;
+          return new Decimal(this);
         }
         if (!Number.isFinite(decimal.layer)) {
-          return decimal;
+          return new Decimal(decimal);
         }
         //Special case - if one of the numbers is 0, return 0.
         if (this.sign === 0 || decimal.sign === 0) {
@@ -1300,11 +1346,11 @@
         var b;
         //Which number is bigger in terms of its multiplicative distance from 1?
         if (this.layer > decimal.layer || this.layer == decimal.layer && Math.abs(this.mag) > Math.abs(decimal.mag)) {
-          a = this;
-          b = decimal;
+          a = new Decimal(this);
+          b = new Decimal(decimal);
         } else {
-          a = decimal;
-          b = this;
+          a = new Decimal(decimal);
+          b = new Decimal(this);
         }
         if (a.layer === 0 && b.layer === 0) {
           return Decimal.fromNumber(a.sign * b.sign * a.mag * b.mag);
@@ -1385,7 +1431,9 @@
       key: "recip",
       value: function recip() {
         if (this.mag === 0) {
-          return Decimal.dNaN;
+          return FC_NN(Number.NaN, Number.NaN, Number.NaN);
+        } else if (this.mag === Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY) {
+          return FC_NN(0, 0, 0);
         } else if (this.layer === 0) {
           return FC(this.sign, 0, 1 / this.mag);
         } else {
@@ -1417,7 +1465,7 @@
       key: "mod",
       value: function mod(value) {
         var decimal = D(value).abs();
-        if (decimal.eq(Decimal.dZero)) return Decimal.dZero;
+        if (decimal.eq(Decimal.dZero)) return FC_NN(0, 0, 0);
         var num_this = this.toNumber();
         var num_decimal = decimal.toNumber();
         //Special case: To avoid precision issues, if both numbers are valid JS numbers, just call % on those
@@ -1426,11 +1474,11 @@
         }
         if (this.sub(decimal).eq(this)) {
           //decimal is too small to register to this
-          return Decimal.dZero;
+          return FC_NN(0, 0, 0);
         }
         if (decimal.sub(this).eq(decimal)) {
           //this is too small to register to decimal
-          return this;
+          return new Decimal(this);
         }
         if (this.sign == -1) return this.abs().mod(decimal).neg();
         return this.sub(this.div(decimal).floor().mul(decimal));
@@ -1596,7 +1644,7 @@
       key: "max",
       value: function max(value) {
         var decimal = D(value);
-        return this.lt(decimal) ? decimal : this;
+        return this.lt(decimal) ? new Decimal(decimal) : new Decimal(this);
       }
       /**
        * Returns whichever of 'this' and 'value' is lower.
@@ -1605,7 +1653,7 @@
       key: "min",
       value: function min(value) {
         var decimal = D(value);
-        return this.gt(decimal) ? decimal : this;
+        return this.gt(decimal) ? new Decimal(decimal) : new Decimal(this);
       }
       /**
        * Returns whichever of 'this' and 'value' has a larger absolute value.
@@ -1614,7 +1662,7 @@
       key: "maxabs",
       value: function maxabs(value) {
         var decimal = D(value);
-        return this.cmpabs(decimal) < 0 ? decimal : this;
+        return this.cmpabs(decimal) < 0 ? new Decimal(decimal) : new Decimal(this);
       }
       /**
        * Returns whichever of 'this' and 'value' has a smaller absolute value.
@@ -1623,7 +1671,7 @@
       key: "minabs",
       value: function minabs(value) {
         var decimal = D(value);
-        return this.cmpabs(decimal) > 0 ? decimal : this;
+        return this.cmpabs(decimal) > 0 ? new Decimal(decimal) : new Decimal(this);
       }
       /**
        * A combination of minimum and maximum: the value returned by clamp is normally 'this', but it won't go below 'min' and it won't go above 'max'.
@@ -1798,7 +1846,7 @@
       key: "pLog10",
       value: function pLog10() {
         if (this.lt(Decimal.dZero)) {
-          return Decimal.dZero;
+          return FC_NN(0, 0, 0);
         }
         return this.log10();
       }
@@ -1809,7 +1857,7 @@
       key: "absLog10",
       value: function absLog10() {
         if (this.sign === 0) {
-          return Decimal.dNaN;
+          return FC_NN(Number.NaN, Number.NaN, Number.NaN);
         } else if (this.layer > 0) {
           return FC(Math.sign(this.mag), this.layer - 1, Math.abs(this.mag));
         } else {
@@ -1824,7 +1872,7 @@
       key: "log10",
       value: function log10() {
         if (this.sign <= 0) {
-          return Decimal.dNaN;
+          return FC_NN(Number.NaN, Number.NaN, Number.NaN);
         } else if (this.layer > 0) {
           return FC(Math.sign(this.mag), this.layer - 1, Math.abs(this.mag));
         } else {
@@ -1839,13 +1887,13 @@
       value: function log(base) {
         base = D(base);
         if (this.sign <= 0) {
-          return Decimal.dNaN;
+          return FC_NN(Number.NaN, Number.NaN, Number.NaN);
         }
         if (base.sign <= 0) {
-          return Decimal.dNaN;
+          return FC_NN(Number.NaN, Number.NaN, Number.NaN);
         }
         if (base.sign === 1 && base.layer === 0 && base.mag === 1) {
-          return Decimal.dNaN;
+          return FC_NN(Number.NaN, Number.NaN, Number.NaN);
         } else if (this.layer === 0 && base.layer === 0) {
           return FC(this.sign, 0, Math.log(this.mag) / Math.log(base.mag));
         }
@@ -1858,7 +1906,7 @@
       key: "log2",
       value: function log2() {
         if (this.sign <= 0) {
-          return Decimal.dNaN;
+          return FC_NN(Number.NaN, Number.NaN, Number.NaN);
         } else if (this.layer === 0) {
           return FC(this.sign, 0, Math.log2(this.mag));
         } else if (this.layer === 1) {
@@ -1876,7 +1924,7 @@
       key: "ln",
       value: function ln() {
         if (this.sign <= 0) {
-          return Decimal.dNaN;
+          return FC_NN(Number.NaN, Number.NaN, Number.NaN);
         } else if (this.layer === 0) {
           return FC(this.sign, 0, Math.log(this.mag));
         } else if (this.layer === 1) {
@@ -1902,8 +1950,8 @@
       key: "pow",
       value: function pow(value) {
         var decimal = D(value);
-        var a = this;
-        var b = decimal;
+        var a = new Decimal(this);
+        var b = new Decimal(decimal);
         //special case: if a is 0, then return 0 (UNLESS b is 0, then return 1)
         if (a.sign === 0) {
           return b.eq(0) ? FC_NN(1, 0, 1) : a;
@@ -1927,7 +1975,7 @@
           } else if (Math.abs(b.toNumber() % 2) % 2 === 0) {
             return result;
           }
-          return Decimal.dNaN;
+          return FC_NN(Number.NaN, Number.NaN, Number.NaN);
         }
         return result;
       }
@@ -1944,10 +1992,16 @@
         3) positive sign, negative mag (e-15, ee-15): layer 0 case would have been handled in the Math.pow check, so just return 1
         4) negative sign, negative mag (-e-15, -ee-15): layer 0 case would have been handled in the Math.pow check, so just return 1
         */
+        if (this.eq(Decimal.dInf)) {
+          return FC_NN(1, Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY, Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY);
+        }
+        if (this.eq(Decimal.dNegInf)) {
+          return FC_NN(0, 0, 0);
+        }
         if (!Number.isFinite(this.layer) || !Number.isFinite(this.mag)) {
-          return Decimal.dNaN;
+          return FC_NN(Number.NaN, Number.NaN, Number.NaN);
         }
-        var a = this;
+        var a = new Decimal(this);
         //handle layer 0 case - if no precision is lost just use Math.pow, else promote one layer
         if (a.layer === 0) {
           var newmag = Math.pow(10, a.sign * a.mag);
@@ -1955,7 +2009,7 @@
             return FC(1, 0, newmag);
           } else {
             if (a.sign === 0) {
-              return Decimal.dOne;
+              return FC_NN(1, 0, 1);
             } else {
               a = FC_NN(a.sign, a.layer + 1, Math.log10(a.mag));
             }
@@ -1969,7 +2023,7 @@
           return FC(-a.sign, a.layer + 1, -a.mag);
         }
         //both the negative mag cases are identical: one +/- rounding error
-        return Decimal.dOne;
+        return FC_NN(1, 0, 1);
       }
       /**
        * Exponentiation: Returns the result of 'value' ^ 'this' (often written as 'value' ** 'this' in programming languages).
@@ -2072,7 +2126,7 @@
       key: "exp",
       value: function exp() {
         if (this.mag < 0) {
-          return Decimal.dOne;
+          return FC_NN(1, 0, 1);
         }
         if (this.layer === 0 && this.mag <= 709.7) {
           return Decimal.fromNumber(Math.exp(this.sign * this.mag));
@@ -2152,7 +2206,7 @@
         }
         //1^^x == 1
         if (this.eq(Decimal.dOne)) {
-          return Decimal.dOne;
+          return FC_NN(1, 0, 1);
         }
         //-1^^x == -1
         if (this.eq(-1)) {
@@ -2162,21 +2216,25 @@
           var this_num = this.toNumber();
           //within the convergence range?
           if (this_num <= 1.44466786100976613366 && this_num >= 0.06598803584531253708) {
+            var negln = Decimal.ln(this).neg();
+            //For bases above 1, b^x = x has two solutions. The lower solution is a stable equilibrium, the upper solution is an unstable equilibrium.
+            var lower = negln.lambertw().div(negln);
+            // However, if the base is below 1, there's only the stable equilibrium solution.
+            if (this_num < 1) return lower;
+            var upper = negln.lambertw(false).div(negln);
             //hotfix for the very edge of the number range not being handled properly
             if (this_num > 1.444667861009099) {
-              return Decimal.fromNumber(Math.E);
+              lower = upper = Decimal.fromNumber(Math.E);
             }
-            //Formula for infinite height power tower.
-            var negln = Decimal.ln(this).neg();
-            return negln.lambertw().div(negln);
+            payload = D(payload);
+            if (payload.eq(upper)) return upper;else if (payload.lt(upper)) return lower;else return FC_NN(1, Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY, Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY);
           } else if (this_num > 1.44466786100976613366) {
             //explodes to infinity
-            // TODO: replace this with Decimal.dInf
-            return Decimal.fromNumber(Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY);
+            return FC_NN(1, Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY, Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY);
           } else {
             //0.06598803584531253708 > this_num >= 0: never converges
             //this_num < 0: quickly becomes a complex number
-            return Decimal.dNaN;
+            return FC_NN(Number.NaN, Number.NaN, Number.NaN);
           }
         }
         //0^^x oscillates if we define 0^0 == 1 (which in javascript land we do), since then 0^^1 is 0, 0^^2 is 1, 0^^3 is 0, etc. payload is ignored
@@ -2191,14 +2249,15 @@
         if (height < 0) {
           return Decimal.iteratedlog(payload, this, -height, linear);
         }
-        payload = D(payload);
+        payload = new Decimal(payload);
         var oldheight = height;
         height = Math.trunc(height);
         var fracheight = oldheight - height;
-        if (this.gt(Decimal.dZero) && this.lte(1.44466786100976613366) && (oldheight > 10000 || !linear)) {
-          //similar to 0^^n, flip-flops between two values, converging slowly (or if it's below 0.06598803584531253708, never. so once again, the fractional part at the end will be a linear approximation (TODO: again pending knowledge of how to approximate better, although tbh I think it should in reality just be NaN)
-          height = Math.min(10000, height);
-          for (var i = 0; i < height; ++i) {
+        if (this.gt(Decimal.dZero) && (this.lt(1) || this.lte(1.44466786100976613366) && payload.lte(Decimal.ln(this).neg().lambertw(false).div(Decimal.ln(this).neg()))) && (oldheight > 10000 || !linear)) {
+          //similar to 0^^n, flip-flops between two values, converging slowly (or if it's below 0.06598803584531253708, never). So once again, the fractional part at the beginning will be a linear approximation (TODO: again pending knowledge of how to approximate better, although tbh I think it should in reality just be NaN)
+          var limitheight = Math.min(10000, height);
+          if (payload.eq(Decimal.dOne)) payload = this.pow(fracheight);else if (this.lt(1)) payload = payload.pow(1 - fracheight).mul(this.pow(payload).pow(fracheight));else payload = payload.layeradd(fracheight, this);
+          for (var i = 0; i < limitheight; ++i) {
             var old_payload = payload;
             payload = this.pow(payload);
             //stop early if we converge
@@ -2206,13 +2265,8 @@
               return payload;
             }
           }
-          if (fracheight != 0 || oldheight > 10000) {
-            var next_payload = this.pow(payload);
-            if (oldheight <= 10000 || Math.ceil(oldheight) % 2 == 0) {
-              return payload.mul(1 - fracheight).add(next_payload.mul(fracheight));
-            } else {
-              return payload.mul(fracheight).add(next_payload.mul(1 - fracheight));
-            }
+          if (oldheight > 10000 && Math.ceil(oldheight) % 2 == 1) {
+            return this.pow(payload);
           }
           return payload;
         }
@@ -2234,6 +2288,8 @@
           } else {
             if (this.eq(10)) {
               payload = payload.layeradd10(fracheight, linear);
+            } else if (this.lt(1)) {
+              payload = payload.pow(1 - fracheight).mul(this.pow(payload).pow(fracheight));
             } else {
               payload = payload.layeradd(fracheight, this, linear);
             }
@@ -2317,6 +2373,7 @@
           if (base.eq(10)) {
             result = result.layeradd10(-fraction, linear);
           } else {
+            //I have no clue what a fractional times on a base below 1 should even mean, so I'm not going to bother - just let it be NaN (TODO: come up with what the answer actually should be)
             result = result.layeradd(-fraction, base, linear);
           }
         }
@@ -2375,28 +2432,34 @@
         //special cases:
         //slog base 0 or lower is NaN
         if (base.lte(Decimal.dZero)) {
-          return Decimal.dNaN;
+          return FC_NN(Number.NaN, Number.NaN, Number.NaN);
         }
         //slog base 1 is NaN
         if (base.eq(Decimal.dOne)) {
-          return Decimal.dNaN;
+          return FC_NN(Number.NaN, Number.NaN, Number.NaN);
         }
         //need to handle these small, wobbling bases specially
         if (base.lt(Decimal.dOne)) {
           if (this.eq(Decimal.dOne)) {
-            return Decimal.dZero;
+            return FC_NN(0, 0, 0);
           }
           if (this.eq(Decimal.dZero)) {
-            return Decimal.dNegOne;
+            return FC_NN(-1, 0, 1);
           }
           //0 < this < 1: ambiguous (happens multiple times)
           //this < 0: impossible (as far as I can tell)
           //this > 1: partially complex (http://myweb.astate.edu/wpaulsen/tetcalc/tetcalc.html base 0.25 for proof)
-          return Decimal.dNaN;
+          return FC_NN(Number.NaN, Number.NaN, Number.NaN);
         }
         //slog_n(0) is -1
         if (this.mag < 0 || this.eq(Decimal.dZero)) {
-          return Decimal.dNegOne;
+          return FC_NN(-1, 0, 1);
+        }
+        if (base.lt(1.44466786100976613366)) {
+          var negln = Decimal.ln(base).neg();
+          var infTower = negln.lambertw().div(negln);
+          if (this.eq(infTower)) return FC_NN(1, Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY, Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY);
+          if (this.gt(infTower)) return FC_NN(Number.NaN, Number.NaN, Number.NaN);
         }
         var result = 0;
         var copy = Decimal.fromDecimal(this);
@@ -2507,41 +2570,87 @@
       key: "layeradd",
       value: function layeradd(diff, base) {
         var linear = arguments.length > 2 && arguments[2] !== undefined ? arguments[2] : false;
-        var slogthis = this.slog(base).toNumber();
+        var baseD = D(base);
+        if (baseD.gt(1) && baseD.lte(1.44466786100976613366)) {
+          var excessSlog = Decimal.excess_slog(this, base, linear);
+          var _slogthis = excessSlog[0].toNumber();
+          var range = excessSlog[1];
+          var _slogdest = _slogthis + diff;
+          var negln = Decimal.ln(base).neg();
+          var lower = negln.lambertw().div(negln);
+          var upper = negln.lambertw(false).div(negln);
+          var slogzero = Decimal.dOne;
+          if (range == 1) slogzero = lower.mul(upper).sqrt();else if (range == 2) slogzero = upper.mul(2);
+          var slogone = baseD.pow(slogzero);
+          var wholeheight = Math.floor(_slogdest);
+          var fracheight = _slogdest - wholeheight;
+          var towertop = slogzero.pow(1 - fracheight).mul(slogone.pow(fracheight));
+          return Decimal.tetrate(baseD, wholeheight, towertop, linear); //wholediff is a whole number so this is safe even if it ends up calling iteratedlog
+        }
+
+        var slogthis = this.slog(base, 100, linear).toNumber();
         var slogdest = slogthis + diff;
         if (slogdest >= 0) {
           return Decimal.tetrate(base, slogdest, Decimal.dOne, linear);
         } else if (!Number.isFinite(slogdest)) {
-          return Decimal.dNaN;
+          return FC_NN(Number.NaN, Number.NaN, Number.NaN);
         } else if (slogdest >= -1) {
           return Decimal.log(Decimal.tetrate(base, slogdest + 1, Decimal.dOne, linear), base);
         } else {
           return Decimal.log(Decimal.log(Decimal.tetrate(base, slogdest + 2, Decimal.dOne, linear), base), base);
         }
       }
+      //Apparently having something be private but not static breaks everything
+      /**
+       * A strange version of slog for bases between 1 and e^1/e which can handle values above base^^Infinity.
+       * Returns a pair of a Decimal and a number, with the number always being 0, 1, or 2. The number indicates what range we're in:
+       * 0 means we're below the lower solution of b^x = x, and so the normal slog is used.
+       * 1 means we're between the two solutions of b^x = x, with the geometric mean of the two solutions arbitrarily chosen to be the value with a slog of 0.
+       * 2 means we're above the upper solution of b^x = x, with (upper solution * 2) arbitrarily chosen to be the value with a slog of 0.
+       *
+       * The values returned by this function don't really have much mathematical meaning, but the difference between two values does.
+       * Therefore, this function is kept private, but it's used for layeradd on these small bases.
+       */
+    }, {
+      key: "lambertw",
+      value:
       /**
        * The Lambert W function, also called the omega function or product logarithm, is the solution W(x) === x*e^x.
        * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lambert_W_function
+       *
+       * This is a multi-valued function in the complex plane, but only two branches matter for real numbers: the "principal branch" W0, and the "non-principal branch" W_-1.
+       * W_0 works for any number >= -1/e, but W_-1 only works for nonpositive numbers >= -1/e.
+       * The "principal" parameter, which is true by default, decides which branch we're looking for: W_0 is used if principal is true, W_-1 is used if principal is false.
        */
       //Some special values, for testing: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lambert_W_function#Special_values
-    }, {
-      key: "lambertw",
-      value: function lambertw() {
+      function lambertw() {
+        var principal = arguments.length > 0 && arguments[0] !== undefined ? arguments[0] : true;
         if (this.lt(-0.3678794411710499)) {
-          throw Error("lambertw is unimplemented for results less than -1, sorry!");
-        } else if (this.mag < 0) {
-          return Decimal.fromNumber(f_lambertw(this.toNumber()));
-        } else if (this.layer === 0) {
-          return Decimal.fromNumber(f_lambertw(this.sign * this.mag));
-        } else if (this.layer === 1) {
-          return d_lambertw(this);
-        } else if (this.layer === 2) {
-          return d_lambertw(this);
-        }
-        if (this.layer >= 3) {
-          return FC_NN(this.sign, this.layer - 1, this.mag);
+          return FC_NN(Number.NaN, Number.NaN, Number.NaN); //complex
+        } else if (principal) {
+          if (this.abs().lt("1e-300")) return new Decimal(this);else if (this.mag < 0) {
+            return Decimal.fromNumber(f_lambertw(this.toNumber()));
+          } else if (this.layer === 0) {
+            return Decimal.fromNumber(f_lambertw(this.sign * this.mag));
+          } else if (this.lt("eee15")) {
+            return d_lambertw(this);
+          } else {
+            // Numbers this large would sometimes fail to converge using d_lambertw, and at this size this.ln() is close enough
+            return this.ln();
+          }
+        } else {
+          if (this.sign === 1) {
+            return FC_NN(Number.NaN, Number.NaN, Number.NaN); //complex
+          }
+
+          if (this.layer === 0) {
+            return Decimal.fromNumber(f_lambertw(this.sign * this.mag, 1e-10, false));
+          } else if (this.layer == 1) {
+            return d_lambertw(this, 1e-10, false);
+          } else {
+            return this.neg().recip().lambertw().neg();
+          }
         }
-        throw "Unhandled behavior in lambertw()";
       }
       /**
        * The super square-root function - what number, tetrated to height 2, equals 'this'? https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetration#Super-root
@@ -2567,10 +2676,10 @@
           return this;
         }
         if (this.eq(Decimal.dInf)) {
-          return Decimal.dInf;
+          return FC_NN(1, Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY, Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY);
         }
         if (!this.isFinite()) {
-          return Decimal.dNaN;
+          return FC_NN(Number.NaN, Number.NaN, Number.NaN);
         }
         //Using linear approximation, x^^n = x^n if 0 < n < 1
         if (degree > 0 && degree < 1) {
@@ -2582,7 +2691,7 @@
         }
         //Super roots with -1 <= degree < 0 have either no solution or infinitely many solutions, and tetration with height <= -2 returns NaN, so super roots of degree <= -2 don't work
         if (degree <= 0) {
-          return Decimal.dNaN;
+          return FC_NN(Number.NaN, Number.NaN, Number.NaN);
         }
         //Infinite degree super-root is x^(1/x) between 1/e <= x <= e, undefined otherwise
         if (degree == Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY) {
@@ -2590,20 +2699,20 @@
           if (this_num < Math.E && this_num > _EXPN1) {
             return this.pow(this.recip());
           } else {
-            return Decimal.dNaN;
+            return FC_NN(Number.NaN, Number.NaN, Number.NaN);
           }
         }
         //Special case: any super-root of 1 is 1
         if (this.eq(1)) {
-          return Decimal.dOne;
+          return FC_NN(1, 0, 1);
         }
         //TODO: base < 0 (It'll probably be NaN anyway)
         if (this.lt(0)) {
-          return Decimal.dNaN;
+          return FC_NN(Number.NaN, Number.NaN, Number.NaN);
         }
         //Treat all numbers of layer <= -2 as zero, because they effectively are
         if (this.lte("1ee-16")) {
-          if (degree % 2 == 1) return this;else return Decimal.dNaN;
+          if (degree % 2 == 1) return new Decimal(this);else return FC_NN(Number.NaN, Number.NaN, Number.NaN);
         }
         //this > 1
         if (this.gt(1)) {
@@ -2795,7 +2904,7 @@
             if (_lower.eq(FC(1, 10, 1))) _guess = _upper.mul(2);else _guess = _lower.add(_upper).div(2);
             if (Decimal.pow(10, _guess).recip().tetrate(degree, 1, true).gt(this)) _upper = _guess;else _lower = _guess;
             if (_guess.eq(_previous)) _loopGoing = false;else _previous = _guess;
-            if (_upper.gt("1e18")) return Decimal.dNaN;
+            if (_upper.gt("1e18")) return FC_NN(Number.NaN, Number.NaN, Number.NaN);
           }
           //using guess.neq(minimum) led to imprecision errors, so here's a fixed version of that
           if (!_guess.eq_tolerance(minimum, 1e-15)) {
@@ -2805,7 +2914,7 @@
             //Check if the root is in the zero range.
             if (maximum.eq(FC(1, 10, 1))) {
               //There is no zero range, so the super root doesn't exist
-              return Decimal.dNaN;
+              return FC_NN(Number.NaN, Number.NaN, Number.NaN);
             }
             _lower = FC(1, 10, 1);
             _upper = maximum;
@@ -2816,7 +2925,7 @@
               if (_lower.eq(FC(1, 10, 1))) _guess = _upper.mul(2);else _guess = _lower.add(_upper).div(2);
               if (Decimal.pow(10, _guess).recip().tetrate(degree, 1, true).gt(this)) _upper = _guess;else _lower = _guess;
               if (_guess.eq(_previous)) _loopGoing = false;else _previous = _guess;
-              if (_upper.gt("1e18")) return Decimal.dNaN;
+              if (_upper.gt("1e18")) return FC_NN(Number.NaN, Number.NaN, Number.NaN);
             }
             return _guess.pow10().recip();
           }
@@ -2839,7 +2948,7 @@
         var height = arguments.length > 0 && arguments[0] !== undefined ? arguments[0] : 2;
         var payload = arguments.length > 1 && arguments[1] !== undefined ? arguments[1] : FC_NN(1, 0, 1);
         var linear = arguments.length > 2 && arguments[2] !== undefined ? arguments[2] : false;
-        payload = D(payload);
+        payload = new Decimal(payload);
         var oldheight = height;
         height = Math.trunc(height);
         var fracheight = oldheight - height;
@@ -2877,7 +2986,7 @@
       key: "sin",
       value: function sin() {
         if (this.mag < 0) {
-          return this;
+          return new Decimal(this);
         }
         if (this.layer === 0) {
           return Decimal.fromNumber(Math.sin(this.sign * this.mag));
@@ -2891,7 +3000,7 @@
       key: "cos",
       value: function cos() {
         if (this.mag < 0) {
-          return Decimal.dOne;
+          return FC_NN(1, 0, 1);
         }
         if (this.layer === 0) {
           return Decimal.fromNumber(Math.cos(this.sign * this.mag));
@@ -2905,7 +3014,7 @@
       key: "tan",
       value: function tan() {
         if (this.mag < 0) {
-          return this;
+          return new Decimal(this);
         }
         if (this.layer === 0) {
           return Decimal.fromNumber(Math.tan(this.sign * this.mag));
@@ -2919,7 +3028,7 @@
       key: "asin",
       value: function asin() {
         if (this.mag < 0) {
-          return this;
+          return new Decimal(this);
         }
         if (this.layer === 0) {
           return Decimal.fromNumber(Math.asin(this.sign * this.mag));
@@ -2947,7 +3056,7 @@
       key: "atan",
       value: function atan() {
         if (this.mag < 0) {
-          return this;
+          return new Decimal(this);
         }
         if (this.layer === 0) {
           return Decimal.fromNumber(Math.atan(this.sign * this.mag));
@@ -3012,7 +3121,7 @@
       key: "ascensionPenalty",
       value: function ascensionPenalty(ascensions) {
         if (ascensions === 0) {
-          return this;
+          return new Decimal(this);
         }
         return this.root(Decimal.pow(10, ascensions));
       }
@@ -3134,7 +3243,7 @@
           // This should never happen... but some users like Prestige Tree Rewritten
           // pass undefined values in as DecimalSources, so we should handle this
           // case to not break them.
-          return Decimal.dZero;
+          return FC_NN(0, 0, 0);
         }
       }
       /**
@@ -3897,11 +4006,15 @@
       /**
        * The Lambert W function, also called the omega function or product logarithm, is the solution W(x) === x*e^x.
        * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lambert_W_function
+       *
+       * This is a multi-valued function in the complex plane, but only two branches matter for real numbers: the "principal branch" W0, and the "non-principal branch" W_-1.
+       * W_0 works for any number >= -1/e, but W_-1 only works for negative numbers >= -1/e.
+       * The "principal" parameter, which is true by default, decides which branch we're looking for: W_0 is used if principal is true, W_-1 is used if principal is false.
        */
     }, {
       key: "lambertw",
-      value: function lambertw(value) {
-        return D(value).lambertw();
+      value: function lambertw(value, principal) {
+        return D(value).lambertw(principal);
       }
       /**
        * The super square-root function - what number, tetrated to height 2, equals 'value'? https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetration#Super-root
@@ -4210,6 +4323,109 @@
           return Math.pow(base, Math.log(lower) / Math.log(base) * (1 - frac) + Math.log(upper) / Math.log(base) * frac);
         }
       }
+    }, {
+      key: "excess_slog",
+      value: function excess_slog(value, base) {
+        var linear = arguments.length > 2 && arguments[2] !== undefined ? arguments[2] : false;
+        value = D(value);
+        base = D(base);
+        var baseD = base;
+        base = base.toNumber();
+        if (base == 1 || base <= 0) return [FC_NN(Number.NaN, Number.NaN, Number.NaN), 0];
+        if (base > 1.44466786100976613366) return [value.slog(base, 100, linear), 0];
+        var negln = Decimal.ln(base).neg();
+        var lower = negln.lambertw().div(negln);
+        var upper = Decimal.dInf;
+        if (base > 1) upper = negln.lambertw(false).div(negln);
+        if (base > 1.444667861009099) {
+          lower = upper = Decimal.fromNumber(Math.E);
+        }
+        if (value.lt(lower)) return [value.slog(base, 100, linear), 0];
+        if (value.eq(lower)) return [FC_NN(1, Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY, Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY), 0];
+        if (value.eq(upper)) return [FC_NN(1, Number.NEGATIVE_INFINITY, Number.NEGATIVE_INFINITY), 2];
+        if (value.gt(upper)) {
+          var slogzero = upper.mul(2);
+          var slogone = baseD.pow(slogzero);
+          var estimate = 0;
+          if (value.gte(slogzero) && value.lt(slogone)) estimate = 0;else if (value.gte(slogone)) {
+            var payload = slogone;
+            estimate = 1;
+            while (payload.lt(value)) {
+              payload = baseD.pow(payload);
+              estimate = estimate + 1;
+              if (payload.layer > 3) {
+                var layersleft = Math.floor(value.layer - payload.layer + 1);
+                payload = baseD.iteratedexp(layersleft, payload, linear);
+                estimate = estimate + layersleft;
+              }
+            }
+            if (payload.gt(value)) {
+              payload = payload.log(base);
+              estimate = estimate - 1;
+            }
+          } else if (value.lt(slogzero)) {
+            var _payload5 = slogzero;
+            estimate = 0;
+            while (_payload5.gt(value)) {
+              _payload5 = _payload5.log(base);
+              estimate = estimate - 1;
+            }
+          }
+          var fracheight = 0;
+          var tested = 0;
+          var step_size = 0.5;
+          var towertop = slogzero;
+          var guess = Decimal.dZero;
+          while (step_size > 1e-16) {
+            tested = fracheight + step_size;
+            towertop = slogzero.pow(1 - tested).mul(slogone.pow(tested)); //Weighted geometric average
+            guess = Decimal.iteratedexp(base, estimate, towertop);
+            if (guess.eq(value)) return [new Decimal(estimate + tested), 2];else if (guess.lt(value)) fracheight += step_size;
+            step_size /= 2;
+          }
+          if (guess.neq_tolerance(value, 1e-7)) return [FC_NN(Number.NaN, Number.NaN, Number.NaN), 0];
+          return [new Decimal(estimate + fracheight), 2];
+        }
+        if (value.lt(upper) && value.gt(lower)) {
+          var _slogzero = lower.mul(upper).sqrt(); //Geometric mean of the two b^x = x solutions
+          var _slogone = baseD.pow(_slogzero);
+          var _estimate = 0;
+          if (value.lte(_slogzero) && value.gt(_slogone)) _estimate = 0;else if (value.lte(_slogone)) {
+            var _payload6 = _slogone;
+            _estimate = 1;
+            while (_payload6.gt(value)) {
+              _payload6 = baseD.pow(_payload6);
+              _estimate = _estimate + 1;
+            }
+            if (_payload6.lt(value)) {
+              _payload6 = _payload6.log(base);
+              _estimate = _estimate - 1;
+            }
+          } else if (value.gt(_slogzero)) {
+            var _payload7 = _slogzero;
+            _estimate = 0;
+            while (_payload7.lt(value)) {
+              _payload7 = _payload7.log(base);
+              _estimate = _estimate - 1;
+            }
+          }
+          var _fracheight = 0;
+          var _tested = 0;
+          var _step_size = 0.5;
+          var _towertop = _slogzero;
+          var _guess2 = Decimal.dZero;
+          while (_step_size > 1e-16) {
+            _tested = _fracheight + _step_size;
+            _towertop = _slogzero.pow(1 - _tested).mul(_slogone.pow(_tested)); //Weighted geometric average
+            _guess2 = Decimal.iteratedexp(base, _estimate, _towertop);
+            if (_guess2.eq(value)) return [new Decimal(_estimate + _tested), 1];else if (_guess2.gt(value)) _fracheight += _step_size;
+            _step_size /= 2;
+          }
+          if (_guess2.neq_tolerance(value, 1e-7)) return [FC_NN(Number.NaN, Number.NaN, Number.NaN), 0];
+          return [new Decimal(_estimate + _fracheight), 1];
+        }
+        throw new Error("Unhandled behavior in excess_slog");
+      }
     }]);
     return Decimal;
   }();
@@ -4220,7 +4436,7 @@
   Decimal.dTen = FC_NN(1, 0, 10);
   Decimal.dNaN = FC_NN(Number.NaN, Number.NaN, Number.NaN);
   Decimal.dInf = FC_NN(1, Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY, Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY);
-  Decimal.dNegInf = FC_NN(-1, Number.NEGATIVE_INFINITY, Number.NEGATIVE_INFINITY);
+  Decimal.dNegInf = FC_NN(-1, Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY, Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY);
   Decimal.dNumberMax = FC(1, 0, Number.MAX_VALUE);
   Decimal.dNumberMin = FC(1, 0, Number.MIN_VALUE);
   Decimal.fromStringCache = new LRUCache(DEFAULT_FROM_STRING_CACHE_SIZE);
diff --git a/break_eternity.min.js b/break_eternity.min.js
index 0c04d5f..135d3a0 100644
--- a/break_eternity.min.js
+++ b/break_eternity.min.js
@@ -1 +1 @@
-!function(t,e){"object"==typeof exports&&"undefined"!=typeof module?module.exports=e():"function"==typeof define&&define.amd?define(e):(t="undefined"!=typeof globalThis?globalThis:t||self).Decimal=e()}(this,(function(){"use strict";function t(t,e){if(!(t instanceof e))throw new TypeError("Cannot call a class as a function")}function e(t,e){for(var i=0;i<e.length;i++){var r=e[i];r.enumerable=r.enumerable||!1,r.configurable=!0,"value"in r&&(r.writable=!0),Object.defineProperty(t,(n=r.key,a=void 0,"symbol"==typeof(a=function(t,e){if("object"!=typeof t||null===t)return t;var i=t[Symbol.toPrimitive];if(void 0!==i){var r=i.call(t,e||"default");if("object"!=typeof r)return r;throw new TypeError("@@toPrimitive must return a primitive value.")}return("string"===e?String:Number)(t)}(n,"string"))?a:String(a)),r)}var n,a}function i(t,i,r){return i&&e(t.prototype,i),r&&e(t,r),Object.defineProperty(t,"prototype",{writable:!1}),t}var r=function(){function e(i){t(this,e),this.map=new Map,this.first=void 0,this.last=void 0,this.maxSize=i}return i(e,[{key:"size",get:function(){return this.map.size}},{key:"get",value:function(t){var e=this.map.get(t);if(void 0!==e)return e!==this.first&&(e===this.last?(this.last=e.prev,this.last.next=void 0):(e.prev.next=e.next,e.next.prev=e.prev),e.next=this.first,this.first.prev=e,this.first=e),e.value}},{key:"set",value:function(t,e){if(!(this.maxSize<1)){if(this.map.has(t))throw new Error("Cannot update existing keys in the cache");var i=new n(t,e);for(void 0===this.first?(this.first=i,this.last=i):(i.next=this.first,this.first.prev=i,this.first=i),this.map.set(t,i);this.map.size>this.maxSize;){var r=this.last;this.map.delete(r.key),this.last=r.prev,this.last.next=void 0}}}}]),e}(),n=i((function e(i,r){t(this,e),this.next=void 0,this.prev=void 0,this.key=i,this.value=r})),a=Math.log10(9e15),s=function(){for(var t=[],e=-323;e<=308;e++)t.push(Number("1e"+e));return function(e){return t[e+323]}}(),u=[2,Math.E,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10],o=[[1,1.0891180521811203,1.1789767925673957,1.2701455431742086,1.3632090180450092,1.4587818160364217,1.5575237916251419,1.6601571006859253,1.767485818836978,1.8804192098842727,2],[1,1.1121114330934079,1.231038924931609,1.3583836963111375,1.4960519303993531,1.6463542337511945,1.8121385357018724,1.996971324618307,2.2053895545527546,2.4432574483385254,Math.E],[1,1.1187738849693603,1.2464963939368214,1.38527004705667,1.5376664685821402,1.7068895236551784,1.897001227148399,2.1132403089001035,2.362480153784171,2.6539010333870774,3],[1,1.1367350847096405,1.2889510672956703,1.4606478703324786,1.6570295196661111,1.8850062585672889,2.1539465047453485,2.476829779693097,2.872061932789197,3.3664204535587183,4],[1,1.1494592900767588,1.319708228183931,1.5166291280087583,1.748171114438024,2.0253263297298045,2.3636668498288547,2.7858359149579424,3.3257226212448145,4.035730287722532,5],[1,1.159225940787673,1.343712473580932,1.5611293155111927,1.8221199554561318,2.14183924486326,2.542468319282638,3.0574682501653316,3.7390572020926873,4.6719550537360774,6],[1,1.1670905356972596,1.3632807444991446,1.5979222279405536,1.8842640123816674,2.2416069644878687,2.69893426559423,3.3012632110403577,4.121250340630164,5.281493033448316,7],[1,1.1736630594087796,1.379783782386201,1.6292821855668218,1.9378971836180754,2.3289975651071977,2.8384347394720835,3.5232708454565906,4.478242031114584,5.868592169644505,8],[1,1.1793017514670474,1.394054150657457,1.65664127441059,1.985170999970283,2.4069682290577457,2.9647310119960752,3.7278665320924946,4.814462547283592,6.436522247411611,9],[1,1.1840100246247336,1.4061375836156955,1.6802272208863964,2.026757028388619,2.4770056063449646,3.080525271755482,3.9191964192627284,5.135152840833187,6.989961179534715,10]],h=[[-1,-.9194161097107025,-.8335625019330468,-.7425599821143978,-.6466611521029437,-.5462617907227869,-.4419033816638769,-.3342645487554494,-.224140440909962,-.11241087890006762,0],[-1,-.90603157029014,-.80786507256596,-.7064666939634,-.60294836853664,-.49849837513117,-.39430303318768,-.29147201034755,-.19097820800866,-.09361896280296,0],[-1,-.9021579584316141,-.8005762598234203,-.6964780623319391,-.5911906810998454,-.486050182576545,-.3823089430815083,-.28106046722897615,-.1831906535795894,-.08935809204418144,0],[-1,-.8917227442365535,-.781258746326964,-.6705130326902455,-.5612813129406509,-.4551067709033134,-.35319256652135966,-.2563741554088552,-.1651412821106526,-.0796919581982668,0],[-1,-.8843387974366064,-.7678744063886243,-.6529563724510552,-.5415870994657841,-.4352842206588936,-.33504449124791424,-.24138853420685147,-.15445285440944467,-.07409659641336663,0],[-1,-.8786709358426346,-.7577735191184886,-.6399546189952064,-.527284921869926,-.4211627631006314,-.3223479611761232,-.23107655627789858,-.1472057700818259,-.07035171210706326,0],[-1,-.8740862815291583,-.7497032990976209,-.6297119746181752,-.5161838335958787,-.41036238255751956,-.31277212146489963,-.2233976621705518,-.1418697367979619,-.06762117662323441,0],[-1,-.8702632331800649,-.7430366914122081,-.6213373075161548,-.5072025698095242,-.40171437727184167,-.30517930701410456,-.21736343968190863,-.137710238299109,-.06550774483471955,0],[-1,-.8670016295947213,-.7373984232432306,-.6143173985094293,-.49973884395492807,-.394584953527678,-.2989649949848695,-.21245647317021688,-.13434688362382652,-.0638072667348083,0],[-1,-.8641642839543857,-.732534623168535,-.6083127477059322,-.4934049257184696,-.3885773075899922,-.29376029055315767,-.2083678561173622,-.13155653399373268,-.062401588652553186,0]],l=function(t){return N.fromValue_noAlloc(t)},m=function(t,e,i){return N.fromComponents(t,e,i)},g=function(t,e,i){return N.fromComponents_noNormalize(t,e,i)},f=function(t,e){var i=e+1,r=Math.ceil(Math.log10(Math.abs(t))),n=Math.round(t*Math.pow(10,i-r))*Math.pow(10,r-i);return parseFloat(n.toFixed(Math.max(i-r,0)))},c=function(t){return Math.sign(t)*Math.log10(Math.abs(t))},y=.5671432904097838,v=function(t){var e,i,r=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:1e-10;if(!Number.isFinite(t))return t;if(0===t)return t;if(1===t)return y;e=t<10?0:Math.log(t)-Math.log(Math.log(t));for(var n=0;n<100;++n){if(i=(t*Math.exp(-e)+e*e)/(e+1),Math.abs(i-e)<r*Math.abs(i))return i;e=i}throw Error("Iteration failed to converge: ".concat(t.toString()))};function d(t){var e,i,r,n,a=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:1e-10;if(!Number.isFinite(t.mag))return t;if(t.eq(N.dZero))return t;if(t.eq(N.dOne))return N.fromNumber(y);e=N.ln(t);for(var s=0;s<100;++s){if(i=e.neg().exp(),r=e.sub(t.mul(i)),n=e.sub(r.div(e.add(1).sub(e.add(2).mul(r).div(N.mul(2,e).add(2))))),N.abs(n.sub(e)).lt(N.abs(n).mul(a)))return n;e=n}throw Error("Iteration failed to converge: ".concat(t.toString()))}var N=function(){function e(i){t(this,e),this.sign=0,this.mag=0,this.layer=0,i instanceof e?this.fromDecimal(i):"number"==typeof i?this.fromNumber(i):"string"==typeof i&&this.fromString(i)}return i(e,[{key:"m",get:function(){if(0===this.sign)return 0;if(0===this.layer){var t,e=Math.floor(Math.log10(this.mag));return t=5e-324===this.mag?5:this.mag/s(e),this.sign*t}if(1===this.layer){var i=this.mag-Math.floor(this.mag);return this.sign*Math.pow(10,i)}return this.sign},set:function(t){this.layer<=2?this.fromMantissaExponent(t,this.e):(this.sign=Math.sign(t),0===this.sign&&(this.layer=0,this.exponent=0))}},{key:"e",get:function(){return 0===this.sign?0:0===this.layer?Math.floor(Math.log10(this.mag)):1===this.layer?Math.floor(this.mag):2===this.layer?Math.floor(Math.sign(this.mag)*Math.pow(10,Math.abs(this.mag))):this.mag*Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY},set:function(t){this.fromMantissaExponent(this.m,t)}},{key:"s",get:function(){return this.sign},set:function(t){0===t?(this.sign=0,this.layer=0,this.mag=0):this.sign=t}},{key:"mantissa",get:function(){return this.m},set:function(t){this.m=t}},{key:"exponent",get:function(){return this.e},set:function(t){this.e=t}},{key:"normalize",value:function(){if(0===this.sign||0===this.mag&&0===this.layer||this.mag===Number.NEGATIVE_INFINITY&&this.layer>0&&Number.isFinite(this.layer))return this.sign=0,this.mag=0,this.layer=0,this;if(0===this.layer&&this.mag<0&&(this.mag=-this.mag,this.sign=-this.sign),this.mag===Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY||this.layer===Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY||this.mag===Number.NEGATIVE_INFINITY||this.layer===Number.NEGATIVE_INFINITY)return 1==this.sign?(this.mag=Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY,this.layer=Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY):-1==this.sign&&(this.mag=Number.NEGATIVE_INFINITY,this.layer=Number.NEGATIVE_INFINITY),this;if(0===this.layer&&this.mag<1/9e15)return this.layer+=1,this.mag=Math.log10(this.mag),this;var t=Math.abs(this.mag),e=Math.sign(this.mag);if(t>=9e15)return this.layer+=1,this.mag=e*Math.log10(t),this;for(;t<a&&this.layer>0;)this.layer-=1,0===this.layer?this.mag=Math.pow(10,this.mag):(this.mag=e*Math.pow(10,t),t=Math.abs(this.mag),e=Math.sign(this.mag));return 0===this.layer&&(this.mag<0?(this.mag=-this.mag,this.sign=-this.sign):0===this.mag&&(this.sign=0)),(Number.isNaN(this.sign)||Number.isNaN(this.layer)||Number.isNaN(this.mag))&&(this.sign=Number.NaN,this.layer=Number.NaN,this.mag=Number.NaN),this}},{key:"fromComponents",value:function(t,e,i){return this.sign=t,this.layer=e,this.mag=i,this.normalize(),this}},{key:"fromComponents_noNormalize",value:function(t,e,i){return this.sign=t,this.layer=e,this.mag=i,this}},{key:"fromMantissaExponent",value:function(t,e){return this.layer=1,this.sign=Math.sign(t),t=Math.abs(t),this.mag=e+Math.log10(t),this.normalize(),this}},{key:"fromMantissaExponent_noNormalize",value:function(t,e){return this.fromMantissaExponent(t,e),this}},{key:"fromDecimal",value:function(t){return this.sign=t.sign,this.layer=t.layer,this.mag=t.mag,this}},{key:"fromNumber",value:function(t){return this.mag=Math.abs(t),this.sign=Math.sign(t),this.layer=0,this.normalize(),this}},{key:"fromString",value:function(t){var i=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]&&arguments[1],r=t,n=e.fromStringCache.get(r);if(void 0!==n)return this.fromDecimal(n);var a=(t=t.replace(",","")).split("^^^");if(2===a.length){var s=parseFloat(a[0]),u=parseFloat(a[1]),o=a[1].split(";"),h=1;if(2===o.length&&(h=parseFloat(o[1]),isFinite(h)||(h=1)),isFinite(s)&&isFinite(u)){var g=e.pentate(s,u,h,i);return this.sign=g.sign,this.layer=g.layer,this.mag=g.mag,e.fromStringCache.maxSize>=1&&e.fromStringCache.set(r,e.fromDecimal(this)),this}}var f=t.split("^^");if(2===f.length){var y=parseFloat(f[0]),v=parseFloat(f[1]),d=f[1].split(";"),N=1;if(2===d.length&&(N=parseFloat(d[1]),isFinite(N)||(N=1)),isFinite(y)&&isFinite(v)){var p=e.tetrate(y,v,N,i);return this.sign=p.sign,this.layer=p.layer,this.mag=p.mag,e.fromStringCache.maxSize>=1&&e.fromStringCache.set(r,e.fromDecimal(this)),this}}var b,k,M=t.split("^");if(2===M.length){var I=parseFloat(M[0]),_=parseFloat(M[1]);if(isFinite(I)&&isFinite(_)){var F=e.pow(I,_);return this.sign=F.sign,this.layer=F.layer,this.mag=F.mag,e.fromStringCache.maxSize>=1&&e.fromStringCache.set(r,e.fromDecimal(this)),this}}var w=(t=t.trim().toLowerCase()).split("pt");if(2===w.length){b=10,k=parseFloat(w[0]),w[1]=w[1].replace("(",""),w[1]=w[1].replace(")","");var S=parseFloat(w[1]);if(isFinite(S)||(S=1),isFinite(b)&&isFinite(k)){var q=e.tetrate(b,k,S,i);return this.sign=q.sign,this.layer=q.layer,this.mag=q.mag,e.fromStringCache.maxSize>=1&&e.fromStringCache.set(r,e.fromDecimal(this)),this}}if(2===(w=t.split("p")).length){b=10,k=parseFloat(w[0]),w[1]=w[1].replace("(",""),w[1]=w[1].replace(")","");var x=parseFloat(w[1]);if(isFinite(x)||(x=1),isFinite(b)&&isFinite(k)){var E=e.tetrate(b,k,x,i);return this.sign=E.sign,this.layer=E.layer,this.mag=E.mag,e.fromStringCache.maxSize>=1&&e.fromStringCache.set(r,e.fromDecimal(this)),this}}if(2===(w=t.split("f")).length){b=10,w[0]=w[0].replace("(",""),w[0]=w[0].replace(")","");var T=parseFloat(w[0]);if(w[1]=w[1].replace("(",""),w[1]=w[1].replace(")",""),k=parseFloat(w[1]),isFinite(T)||(T=1),isFinite(b)&&isFinite(k)){var O=e.tetrate(b,k,T,i);return this.sign=O.sign,this.layer=O.layer,this.mag=O.mag,e.fromStringCache.maxSize>=1&&e.fromStringCache.set(r,e.fromDecimal(this)),this}}var C=t.split("e"),z=C.length-1;if(0===z){var V=parseFloat(t);if(isFinite(V))return this.fromNumber(V),e.fromStringCache.size>=1&&e.fromStringCache.set(r,e.fromDecimal(this)),this}else if(1===z){var A=parseFloat(t);if(isFinite(A)&&0!==A)return this.fromNumber(A),e.fromStringCache.maxSize>=1&&e.fromStringCache.set(r,e.fromDecimal(this)),this}var P=t.split("e^");if(2===P.length){this.sign=1,"-"==P[0].charAt(0)&&(this.sign=-1);for(var Y="",D=0;D<P[1].length;++D){var Z=P[1].charCodeAt(D);if(!(Z>=43&&Z<=57||101===Z))return this.layer=parseFloat(Y),this.mag=parseFloat(P[1].substr(D+1)),this.normalize(),e.fromStringCache.maxSize>=1&&e.fromStringCache.set(r,e.fromDecimal(this)),this;Y+=P[1].charAt(D)}}if(z<1)return this.sign=0,this.layer=0,this.mag=0,e.fromStringCache.maxSize>=1&&e.fromStringCache.set(r,e.fromDecimal(this)),this;var G=parseFloat(C[0]);if(0===G)return this.sign=0,this.layer=0,this.mag=0,e.fromStringCache.maxSize>=1&&e.fromStringCache.set(r,e.fromDecimal(this)),this;var L=parseFloat(C[C.length-1]);if(z>=2){var j=parseFloat(C[C.length-2]);isFinite(j)&&(L*=Math.sign(j),L+=c(j))}if(isFinite(G))if(1===z)this.sign=Math.sign(G),this.layer=1,this.mag=L+Math.log10(Math.abs(G));else{if(this.sign=Math.sign(G),this.layer=z,2===z){var W=e.mul(m(1,2,L),l(G));return this.sign=W.sign,this.layer=W.layer,this.mag=W.mag,e.fromStringCache.maxSize>=1&&e.fromStringCache.set(r,e.fromDecimal(this)),this}this.mag=L}else this.sign="-"===C[0]?-1:1,this.layer=z,this.mag=L;return this.normalize(),e.fromStringCache.maxSize>=1&&e.fromStringCache.set(r,e.fromDecimal(this)),this}},{key:"fromValue",value:function(t){return t instanceof e?this.fromDecimal(t):"number"==typeof t?this.fromNumber(t):"string"==typeof t?this.fromString(t):(this.sign=0,this.layer=0,this.mag=0,this)}},{key:"toNumber",value:function(){return this.mag===Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY&&this.layer===Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY&&1===this.sign?Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY:this.mag===Number.NEGATIVE_INFINITY&&this.layer===Number.NEGATIVE_INFINITY&&-1===this.sign?Number.NEGATIVE_INFINITY:Number.isFinite(this.layer)?0===this.layer?this.sign*this.mag:1===this.layer?this.sign*Math.pow(10,this.mag):this.mag>0?this.sign>0?Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY:Number.NEGATIVE_INFINITY:0:Number.NaN}},{key:"mantissaWithDecimalPlaces",value:function(t){return isNaN(this.m)?Number.NaN:0===this.m?0:f(this.m,t)}},{key:"magnitudeWithDecimalPlaces",value:function(t){return isNaN(this.mag)?Number.NaN:0===this.mag?0:f(this.mag,t)}},{key:"toString",value:function(){return isNaN(this.layer)||isNaN(this.sign)||isNaN(this.mag)?"NaN":this.mag===Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY||this.layer===Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY||this.mag===Number.NEGATIVE_INFINITY||this.layer===Number.NEGATIVE_INFINITY?1===this.sign?"Infinity":"-Infinity":0===this.layer?this.mag<1e21&&this.mag>1e-7||0===this.mag?(this.sign*this.mag).toString():this.m+"e"+this.e:1===this.layer?this.m+"e"+this.e:this.layer<=5?(-1===this.sign?"-":"")+"e".repeat(this.layer)+this.mag:(-1===this.sign?"-":"")+"(e^"+this.layer+")"+this.mag}},{key:"toExponential",value:function(t){return 0===this.layer?(this.sign*this.mag).toExponential(t):this.toStringWithDecimalPlaces(t)}},{key:"toFixed",value:function(t){return 0===this.layer?(this.sign*this.mag).toFixed(t):this.toStringWithDecimalPlaces(t)}},{key:"toPrecision",value:function(t){return this.e<=-7?this.toExponential(t-1):t>this.e?this.toFixed(t-this.exponent-1):this.toExponential(t-1)}},{key:"valueOf",value:function(){return this.toString()}},{key:"toJSON",value:function(){return this.toString()}},{key:"toStringWithDecimalPlaces",value:function(t){return 0===this.layer?this.mag<1e21&&this.mag>1e-7||0===this.mag?(this.sign*this.mag).toFixed(t):f(this.m,t)+"e"+f(this.e,t):1===this.layer?f(this.m,t)+"e"+f(this.e,t):this.layer<=5?(-1===this.sign?"-":"")+"e".repeat(this.layer)+f(this.mag,t):(-1===this.sign?"-":"")+"(e^"+this.layer+")"+f(this.mag,t)}},{key:"abs",value:function(){return g(0===this.sign?0:1,this.layer,this.mag)}},{key:"neg",value:function(){return g(-this.sign,this.layer,this.mag)}},{key:"negate",value:function(){return this.neg()}},{key:"negated",value:function(){return this.neg()}},{key:"sgn",value:function(){return this.sign}},{key:"round",value:function(){return this.mag<0?e.dZero:0===this.layer?m(this.sign,0,Math.round(this.mag)):this}},{key:"floor",value:function(){return this.mag<0?-1===this.sign?e.dNegOne:e.dZero:-1===this.sign?this.neg().ceil().neg():0===this.layer?m(this.sign,0,Math.floor(this.mag)):this}},{key:"ceil",value:function(){return this.mag<0?1===this.sign?e.dOne:e.dZero:-1===this.sign?this.neg().floor().neg():0===this.layer?m(this.sign,0,Math.ceil(this.mag)):this}},{key:"trunc",value:function(){return this.mag<0?e.dZero:0===this.layer?m(this.sign,0,Math.trunc(this.mag)):this}},{key:"add",value:function(t){var i,r,n=l(t);if(!Number.isFinite(this.layer))return this;if(!Number.isFinite(n.layer))return n;if(0===this.sign)return n;if(0===n.sign)return this;if(this.sign===-n.sign&&this.layer===n.layer&&this.mag===n.mag)return g(0,0,0);if(this.layer>=2||n.layer>=2)return this.maxabs(n);if(e.cmpabs(this,n)>0?(i=this,r=n):(i=n,r=this),0===i.layer&&0===r.layer)return e.fromNumber(i.sign*i.mag+r.sign*r.mag);var a=i.layer*Math.sign(i.mag),s=r.layer*Math.sign(r.mag);if(a-s>=2)return i;if(0===a&&-1===s){if(Math.abs(r.mag-Math.log10(i.mag))>17)return i;var u=Math.pow(10,Math.log10(i.mag)-r.mag),o=r.sign+i.sign*u;return m(Math.sign(o),1,r.mag+Math.log10(Math.abs(o)))}if(1===a&&0===s){if(Math.abs(i.mag-Math.log10(r.mag))>17)return i;var h=Math.pow(10,i.mag-Math.log10(r.mag)),f=r.sign+i.sign*h;return m(Math.sign(f),1,Math.log10(r.mag)+Math.log10(Math.abs(f)))}if(Math.abs(i.mag-r.mag)>17)return i;var c=Math.pow(10,i.mag-r.mag),y=r.sign+i.sign*c;return m(Math.sign(y),1,r.mag+Math.log10(Math.abs(y)))}},{key:"plus",value:function(t){return this.add(t)}},{key:"sub",value:function(t){return this.add(l(t).neg())}},{key:"subtract",value:function(t){return this.sub(t)}},{key:"minus",value:function(t){return this.sub(t)}},{key:"mul",value:function(t){var i,r,n=l(t);if(!Number.isFinite(this.layer))return this;if(!Number.isFinite(n.layer))return n;if(0===this.sign||0===n.sign)return g(0,0,0);if(this.layer===n.layer&&this.mag===-n.mag)return g(this.sign*n.sign,0,1);if(this.layer>n.layer||this.layer==n.layer&&Math.abs(this.mag)>Math.abs(n.mag)?(i=this,r=n):(i=n,r=this),0===i.layer&&0===r.layer)return e.fromNumber(i.sign*r.sign*i.mag*r.mag);if(i.layer>=3||i.layer-r.layer>=2)return m(i.sign*r.sign,i.layer,i.mag);if(1===i.layer&&0===r.layer)return m(i.sign*r.sign,1,i.mag+Math.log10(r.mag));if(1===i.layer&&1===r.layer)return m(i.sign*r.sign,1,i.mag+r.mag);if(2===i.layer&&1===r.layer){var a=m(Math.sign(i.mag),i.layer-1,Math.abs(i.mag)).add(m(Math.sign(r.mag),r.layer-1,Math.abs(r.mag)));return m(i.sign*r.sign,a.layer+1,a.sign*a.mag)}if(2===i.layer&&2===r.layer){var s=m(Math.sign(i.mag),i.layer-1,Math.abs(i.mag)).add(m(Math.sign(r.mag),r.layer-1,Math.abs(r.mag)));return m(i.sign*r.sign,s.layer+1,s.sign*s.mag)}throw Error("Bad arguments to mul: "+this+", "+t)}},{key:"multiply",value:function(t){return this.mul(t)}},{key:"times",value:function(t){return this.mul(t)}},{key:"div",value:function(t){var e=l(t);return this.mul(e.recip())}},{key:"divide",value:function(t){return this.div(t)}},{key:"divideBy",value:function(t){return this.div(t)}},{key:"dividedBy",value:function(t){return this.div(t)}},{key:"recip",value:function(){return 0===this.mag?e.dNaN:0===this.layer?m(this.sign,0,1/this.mag):m(this.sign,this.layer,-this.mag)}},{key:"reciprocal",value:function(){return this.recip()}},{key:"reciprocate",value:function(){return this.recip()}},{key:"mod",value:function(t){var i=l(t).abs();if(i.eq(e.dZero))return e.dZero;var r=this.toNumber(),n=i.toNumber();return isFinite(r)&&isFinite(n)&&0!=r&&0!=n?new e(r%n):this.sub(i).eq(this)?e.dZero:i.sub(this).eq(i)?this:-1==this.sign?this.abs().mod(i).neg():this.sub(this.div(i).floor().mul(i))}},{key:"modulo",value:function(t){return this.mod(t)}},{key:"modular",value:function(t){return this.mod(t)}},{key:"cmp",value:function(t){var e=l(t);return this.sign>e.sign?1:this.sign<e.sign?-1:this.sign*this.cmpabs(t)}},{key:"cmpabs",value:function(t){var e=l(t),i=this.mag>0?this.layer:-this.layer,r=e.mag>0?e.layer:-e.layer;return i>r?1:i<r?-1:this.mag>e.mag?1:this.mag<e.mag?-1:0}},{key:"compare",value:function(t){return this.cmp(t)}},{key:"isNan",value:function(){return isNaN(this.sign)||isNaN(this.layer)||isNaN(this.mag)}},{key:"isFinite",value:function(t){function e(){return t.apply(this,arguments)}return e.toString=function(){return t.toString()},e}((function(){return isFinite(this.sign)&&isFinite(this.layer)&&isFinite(this.mag)}))},{key:"eq",value:function(t){var e=l(t);return this.sign===e.sign&&this.layer===e.layer&&this.mag===e.mag}},{key:"equals",value:function(t){return this.eq(t)}},{key:"neq",value:function(t){return!this.eq(t)}},{key:"notEquals",value:function(t){return this.neq(t)}},{key:"lt",value:function(t){return-1===this.cmp(t)}},{key:"lte",value:function(t){return!this.gt(t)}},{key:"gt",value:function(t){return 1===this.cmp(t)}},{key:"gte",value:function(t){return!this.lt(t)}},{key:"max",value:function(t){var e=l(t);return this.lt(e)?e:this}},{key:"min",value:function(t){var e=l(t);return this.gt(e)?e:this}},{key:"maxabs",value:function(t){var e=l(t);return this.cmpabs(e)<0?e:this}},{key:"minabs",value:function(t){var e=l(t);return this.cmpabs(e)>0?e:this}},{key:"clamp",value:function(t,e){return this.max(t).min(e)}},{key:"clampMin",value:function(t){return this.max(t)}},{key:"clampMax",value:function(t){return this.min(t)}},{key:"cmp_tolerance",value:function(t,e){var i=l(t);return this.eq_tolerance(i,e)?0:this.cmp(i)}},{key:"compare_tolerance",value:function(t,e){return this.cmp_tolerance(t,e)}},{key:"eq_tolerance",value:function(t,e){var i=l(t);if(null==e&&(e=1e-7),this.sign!==i.sign)return!1;if(Math.abs(this.layer-i.layer)>1)return!1;var r=this.mag,n=i.mag;return this.layer>i.layer&&(n=c(n)),this.layer<i.layer&&(r=c(r)),Math.abs(r-n)<=e*Math.max(Math.abs(r),Math.abs(n))}},{key:"equals_tolerance",value:function(t,e){return this.eq_tolerance(t,e)}},{key:"neq_tolerance",value:function(t,e){return!this.eq_tolerance(t,e)}},{key:"notEquals_tolerance",value:function(t,e){return this.neq_tolerance(t,e)}},{key:"lt_tolerance",value:function(t,e){var i=l(t);return!this.eq_tolerance(i,e)&&this.lt(i)}},{key:"lte_tolerance",value:function(t,e){var i=l(t);return this.eq_tolerance(i,e)||this.lt(i)}},{key:"gt_tolerance",value:function(t,e){var i=l(t);return!this.eq_tolerance(i,e)&&this.gt(i)}},{key:"gte_tolerance",value:function(t,e){var i=l(t);return this.eq_tolerance(i,e)||this.gt(i)}},{key:"pLog10",value:function(){return this.lt(e.dZero)?e.dZero:this.log10()}},{key:"absLog10",value:function(){return 0===this.sign?e.dNaN:this.layer>0?m(Math.sign(this.mag),this.layer-1,Math.abs(this.mag)):m(1,0,Math.log10(this.mag))}},{key:"log10",value:function(){return this.sign<=0?e.dNaN:this.layer>0?m(Math.sign(this.mag),this.layer-1,Math.abs(this.mag)):m(this.sign,0,Math.log10(this.mag))}},{key:"log",value:function(t){return t=l(t),this.sign<=0||t.sign<=0||1===t.sign&&0===t.layer&&1===t.mag?e.dNaN:0===this.layer&&0===t.layer?m(this.sign,0,Math.log(this.mag)/Math.log(t.mag)):e.div(this.log10(),t.log10())}},{key:"log2",value:function(){return this.sign<=0?e.dNaN:0===this.layer?m(this.sign,0,Math.log2(this.mag)):1===this.layer?m(Math.sign(this.mag),0,3.321928094887362*Math.abs(this.mag)):2===this.layer?m(Math.sign(this.mag),1,Math.abs(this.mag)+.5213902276543247):m(Math.sign(this.mag),this.layer-1,Math.abs(this.mag))}},{key:"ln",value:function(){return this.sign<=0?e.dNaN:0===this.layer?m(this.sign,0,Math.log(this.mag)):1===this.layer?m(Math.sign(this.mag),0,2.302585092994046*Math.abs(this.mag)):2===this.layer?m(Math.sign(this.mag),1,Math.abs(this.mag)+.36221568869946325):m(Math.sign(this.mag),this.layer-1,Math.abs(this.mag))}},{key:"logarithm",value:function(t){return this.log(t)}},{key:"pow",value:function(t){var i=this,r=l(t);if(0===i.sign)return r.eq(0)?g(1,0,1):i;if(1===i.sign&&0===i.layer&&1===i.mag)return i;if(0===r.sign)return g(1,0,1);if(1===r.sign&&0===r.layer&&1===r.mag)return i;var n=i.absLog10().mul(r).pow10();return-1===this.sign?Math.abs(r.toNumber()%2)%2==1?n.neg():Math.abs(r.toNumber()%2)%2==0?n:e.dNaN:n}},{key:"pow10",value:function(){if(!Number.isFinite(this.layer)||!Number.isFinite(this.mag))return e.dNaN;var t=this;if(0===t.layer){var i=Math.pow(10,t.sign*t.mag);if(Number.isFinite(i)&&Math.abs(i)>=.1)return m(1,0,i);if(0===t.sign)return e.dOne;t=g(t.sign,t.layer+1,Math.log10(t.mag))}return t.sign>0&&t.mag>=0?m(t.sign,t.layer+1,t.mag):t.sign<0&&t.mag>=0?m(-t.sign,t.layer+1,-t.mag):e.dOne}},{key:"pow_base",value:function(t){return l(t).pow(this)}},{key:"root",value:function(t){var e=l(t);return this.pow(e.recip())}},{key:"factorial",value:function(){return this.mag<0||0===this.layer?this.add(1).gamma():1===this.layer?e.exp(e.mul(this,e.ln(this).sub(1))):e.exp(this)}},{key:"gamma",value:function(){if(this.mag<0)return this.recip();if(0===this.layer){if(this.lt(g(1,0,24)))return e.fromNumber(function(t){if(!isFinite(t))return t;if(t<-50)return t===Math.trunc(t)?Number.NEGATIVE_INFINITY:0;for(var e=1;t<10;)e*=t,++t;var i=.9189385332046727;i+=((t-=1)+.5)*Math.log(t),i-=t;var r=t*t,n=t;return i+=1/(12*n),i+=1/(360*(n*=r)),i+=1/(1260*(n*=r)),i+=1/(1680*(n*=r)),i+=1/(1188*(n*=r)),i+=691/(360360*(n*=r)),i+=7/(1092*(n*=r)),i+=3617/(122400*(n*=r)),Math.exp(i)/e}(this.sign*this.mag));var t=this.mag-1,i=.9189385332046727;i+=(t+.5)*Math.log(t);var r=t*t,n=t,a=12*n,s=1/a,u=(i-=t)+s;if(u===i)return e.exp(i);if((u=(i=u)-(s=1/(a=360*(n*=r))))===i)return e.exp(i);i=u;var o=1/(a=1260*(n*=r));return i+=o,i-=o=1/(a=1680*(n*=r)),e.exp(i)}return 1===this.layer?e.exp(e.mul(this,e.ln(this).sub(1))):e.exp(this)}},{key:"lngamma",value:function(){return this.gamma().ln()}},{key:"exp",value:function(){return this.mag<0?e.dOne:0===this.layer&&this.mag<=709.7?e.fromNumber(Math.exp(this.sign*this.mag)):0===this.layer?m(1,1,this.sign*Math.log10(Math.E)*this.mag):1===this.layer?m(1,2,this.sign*(Math.log10(.4342944819032518)+this.mag)):m(1,this.layer+1,this.sign*this.mag)}},{key:"sqr",value:function(){return this.pow(2)}},{key:"sqrt",value:function(){if(0===this.layer)return e.fromNumber(Math.sqrt(this.sign*this.mag));if(1===this.layer)return m(1,2,Math.log10(this.mag)-.3010299956639812);var t=e.div(g(this.sign,this.layer-1,this.mag),g(1,0,2));return t.layer+=1,t.normalize(),t}},{key:"cube",value:function(){return this.pow(3)}},{key:"cbrt",value:function(){return this.pow(1/3)}},{key:"tetrate",value:function(){var t=arguments.length>0&&void 0!==arguments[0]?arguments[0]:2,i=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:g(1,0,1),r=arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2]&&arguments[2];if(1===t)return e.pow(this,i);if(0===t)return new e(i);if(this.eq(e.dOne))return e.dOne;if(this.eq(-1))return e.pow(this,i);if(t===Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY){var n=this.toNumber();if(n<=1.444667861009766&&n>=.06598803584531254){if(n>1.444667861009099)return e.fromNumber(Math.E);var a=e.ln(this).neg();return a.lambertw().div(a)}return n>1.444667861009766?e.fromNumber(Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY):e.dNaN}if(this.eq(e.dZero)){var s=Math.abs((t+1)%2);return s>1&&(s=2-s),e.fromNumber(s)}if(t<0)return e.iteratedlog(i,this,-t,r);i=l(i);var u=t,o=u-(t=Math.trunc(t));if(this.gt(e.dZero)&&this.lte(1.444667861009766)&&(u>1e4||!r)){t=Math.min(1e4,t);for(var h=0;h<t;++h){var m=i;if(i=this.pow(i),m.eq(i))return i}if(0!=o||u>1e4){var f=this.pow(i);return u<=1e4||Math.ceil(u)%2==0?i.mul(1-o).add(f.mul(o)):i.mul(o).add(f.mul(1-o))}return i}0!==o&&(i.eq(e.dOne)?this.gt(10)||r?i=this.pow(o):(i=e.fromNumber(e.tetrate_critical(this.toNumber(),o)),this.lt(2)&&(i=i.sub(1).mul(this.minus(1)).plus(1))):i=this.eq(10)?i.layeradd10(o,r):i.layeradd(o,this,r));for(var c=0;c<t;++c){if(i=this.pow(i),!isFinite(i.layer)||!isFinite(i.mag))return i.normalize();if(i.layer-this.layer>3)return g(i.sign,i.layer+(t-c-1),i.mag);if(c>1e4)return i}return i}},{key:"iteratedexp",value:function(){var t=arguments.length>0&&void 0!==arguments[0]?arguments[0]:2,e=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:g(1,0,1),i=arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2]&&arguments[2];return this.tetrate(t,e,i)}},{key:"iteratedlog",value:function(){var t=arguments.length>0&&void 0!==arguments[0]?arguments[0]:10,i=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:1,r=arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2]&&arguments[2];if(i<0)return e.tetrate(t,-i,this,r);t=l(t);var n=e.fromDecimal(this),a=i,s=a-(i=Math.trunc(i));if(n.layer-t.layer>3){var u=Math.min(i,n.layer-t.layer-3);i-=u,n.layer-=u}for(var o=0;o<i;++o){if(n=n.log(t),!isFinite(n.layer)||!isFinite(n.mag))return n.normalize();if(o>1e4)return n}return s>0&&s<1&&(n=t.eq(10)?n.layeradd10(-s,r):n.layeradd(-s,t,r)),n}},{key:"slog",value:function(){for(var t=arguments.length>0&&void 0!==arguments[0]?arguments[0]:10,i=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:100,r=arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2]&&arguments[2],n=.001,a=!1,s=!1,u=this.slog_internal(t,r).toNumber(),o=1;o<i;++o){var h=new e(t).tetrate(u,e.dOne,r),l=h.gt(this);if(o>1&&s!=l&&(a=!0),s=l,a?n/=2:n*=2,u+=n=Math.abs(n)*(l?-1:1),0===n)break}return e.fromNumber(u)}},{key:"slog_internal",value:function(){var t=arguments.length>0&&void 0!==arguments[0]?arguments[0]:10,i=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]&&arguments[1];if((t=l(t)).lte(e.dZero))return e.dNaN;if(t.eq(e.dOne))return e.dNaN;if(t.lt(e.dOne))return 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this.sign=_.sign,this.layer=_.layer,this.mag=_.mag,t.fromStringCache.maxSize>=1&&t.fromStringCache.set(i,t.fromDecimal(this)),this}}var F=(e=e.trim().toLowerCase()).split("pt");if(2===F.length){p=10;var S=!1;"-"==F[0][0]&&(S=!0,F[0]=F[0].slice(1)),k=parseFloat(F[0]),F[1]=F[1].replace("(",""),F[1]=F[1].replace(")","");var q=parseFloat(F[1]);if(isFinite(q)||(q=1),isFinite(p)&&isFinite(k)){var T=t.tetrate(p,k,q,r);return this.sign=T.sign,this.layer=T.layer,this.mag=T.mag,t.fromStringCache.maxSize>=1&&t.fromStringCache.set(i,t.fromDecimal(this)),S&&(this.sign*=-1),this}}if(2===(F=e.split("p")).length){p=10;var E=!1;"-"==F[0][0]&&(E=!0,F[0]=F[0].slice(1)),k=parseFloat(F[0]),F[1]=F[1].replace("(",""),F[1]=F[1].replace(")","");var x=parseFloat(F[1]);if(isFinite(x)||(x=1),isFinite(p)&&isFinite(k)){var O=t.tetrate(p,k,x,r);return this.sign=O.sign,this.layer=O.layer,this.mag=O.mag,t.fromStringCache.maxSize>=1&&t.fromStringCache.set(i,t.fromDecimal(this)),E&&(this.sign*=-1),this}}if(2===(F=e.split("f")).length){p=10;var V=!1;"-"==F[0][0]&&(V=!0,F[0]=F[0].slice(1)),F[0]=F[0].replace("(",""),F[0]=F[0].replace(")","");var P=parseFloat(F[0]);if(F[1]=F[1].replace("(",""),F[1]=F[1].replace(")",""),k=parseFloat(F[1]),isFinite(P)||(P=1),isFinite(p)&&isFinite(k)){var Y=t.tetrate(p,k,P,r);return this.sign=Y.sign,this.layer=Y.layer,this.mag=Y.mag,t.fromStringCache.maxSize>=1&&t.fromStringCache.set(i,t.fromDecimal(this)),V&&(this.sign*=-1),this}}var C=e.split("e"),z=C.length-1;if(0===z){var D=parseFloat(e);if(isFinite(D))return this.fromNumber(D),t.fromStringCache.size>=1&&t.fromStringCache.set(i,t.fromDecimal(this)),this}else if(1===z){var A=parseFloat(e);if(isFinite(A)&&0!==A)return this.fromNumber(A),t.fromStringCache.maxSize>=1&&t.fromStringCache.set(i,t.fromDecimal(this)),this}var Z=e.split("e^");if(2===Z.length){this.sign=1,"-"==Z[0].charAt(0)&&(this.sign=-1);for(var G="",L=0;L<Z[1].length;++L){var j=Z[1].charCodeAt(L);if(!(j>=43&&j<=57||101===j))return this.layer=parseFloat(G),this.mag=parseFloat(Z[1].substr(L+1)),this.normalize(),t.fromStringCache.maxSize>=1&&t.fromStringCache.set(i,t.fromDecimal(this)),this;G+=Z[1].charAt(L)}}if(z<1)return this.sign=0,this.layer=0,this.mag=0,t.fromStringCache.maxSize>=1&&t.fromStringCache.set(i,t.fromDecimal(this)),this;var W=parseFloat(C[0]);if(0===W)return this.sign=0,this.layer=0,this.mag=0,t.fromStringCache.maxSize>=1&&t.fromStringCache.set(i,t.fromDecimal(this)),this;var B=parseFloat(C[C.length-1]);if(z>=2){var U=parseFloat(C[C.length-2]);isFinite(U)&&(B*=Math.sign(U),B+=c(U))}if(isFinite(W))if(1===z)this.sign=Math.sign(W),this.layer=1,this.mag=B+Math.log10(Math.abs(W));else{if(this.sign=Math.sign(W),this.layer=z,2===z){var J=t.mul(m(1,2,B),h(W));return this.sign=J.sign,this.layer=J.layer,this.mag=J.mag,t.fromStringCache.maxSize>=1&&t.fromStringCache.set(i,t.fromDecimal(this)),this}this.mag=B}else this.sign="-"===C[0]?-1:1,this.layer=z,this.mag=B;return this.normalize(),t.fromStringCache.maxSize>=1&&t.fromStringCache.set(i,t.fromDecimal(this)),this}},{key:"fromValue",value:function(e){return e instanceof t?this.fromDecimal(e):"number"==typeof e?this.fromNumber(e):"string"==typeof e?this.fromString(e):(this.sign=0,this.layer=0,this.mag=0,this)}},{key:"toNumber",value:function(){return this.mag===Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY&&this.layer===Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY&&1===this.sign?Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY:this.mag===Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY&&this.layer===Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY&&-1===this.sign?Number.NEGATIVE_INFINITY:Number.isFinite(this.layer)?0===this.layer?this.sign*this.mag:1===this.layer?this.sign*Math.pow(10,this.mag):this.mag>0?this.sign>0?Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY:Number.NEGATIVE_INFINITY:0:Number.NaN}},{key:"mantissaWithDecimalPlaces",value:function(e){return isNaN(this.m)?Number.NaN:0===this.m?0:f(this.m,e)}},{key:"magnitudeWithDecimalPlaces",value:function(e){return isNaN(this.mag)?Number.NaN:0===this.mag?0:f(this.mag,e)}},{key:"toString",value:function(){return isNaN(this.layer)||isNaN(this.sign)||isNaN(this.mag)?"NaN":this.mag===Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY||this.layer===Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY?1===this.sign?"Infinity":"-Infinity":0===this.layer?this.mag<1e21&&this.mag>1e-7||0===this.mag?(this.sign*this.mag).toString():this.m+"e"+this.e:1===this.layer?this.m+"e"+this.e:this.layer<=5?(-1===this.sign?"-":"")+"e".repeat(this.layer)+this.mag:(-1===this.sign?"-":"")+"(e^"+this.layer+")"+this.mag}},{key:"toExponential",value:function(e){return 0===this.layer?(this.sign*this.mag).toExponential(e):this.toStringWithDecimalPlaces(e)}},{key:"toFixed",value:function(e){return 0===this.layer?(this.sign*this.mag).toFixed(e):this.toStringWithDecimalPlaces(e)}},{key:"toPrecision",value:function(e){return this.e<=-7?this.toExponential(e-1):e>this.e?this.toFixed(e-this.exponent-1):this.toExponential(e-1)}},{key:"valueOf",value:function(){return this.toString()}},{key:"toJSON",value:function(){return this.toString()}},{key:"toStringWithDecimalPlaces",value:function(e){return 0===this.layer?this.mag<1e21&&this.mag>1e-7||0===this.mag?(this.sign*this.mag).toFixed(e):f(this.m,e)+"e"+f(this.e,e):1===this.layer?f(this.m,e)+"e"+f(this.e,e):this.layer<=5?(-1===this.sign?"-":"")+"e".repeat(this.layer)+f(this.mag,e):(-1===this.sign?"-":"")+"(e^"+this.layer+")"+f(this.mag,e)}},{key:"abs",value:function(){return g(0===this.sign?0:1,this.layer,this.mag)}},{key:"neg",value:function(){return g(-this.sign,this.layer,this.mag)}},{key:"negate",value:function(){return this.neg()}},{key:"negated",value:function(){return this.neg()}},{key:"sgn",value:function(){return this.sign}},{key:"round",value:function(){return this.mag<0?g(0,0,0):0===this.layer?m(this.sign,0,Math.round(this.mag)):new t(this)}},{key:"floor",value:function(){return this.mag<0?-1===this.sign?g(-1,0,1):g(0,0,0):-1===this.sign?this.neg().ceil().neg():0===this.layer?m(this.sign,0,Math.floor(this.mag)):new t(this)}},{key:"ceil",value:function(){return this.mag<0?1===this.sign?g(1,0,1):g(0,0,0):-1===this.sign?this.neg().floor().neg():0===this.layer?m(this.sign,0,Math.ceil(this.mag)):new t(this)}},{key:"trunc",value:function(){return this.mag<0?g(0,0,0):0===this.layer?m(this.sign,0,Math.trunc(this.mag)):new t(this)}},{key:"add",value:function(e){var r,i,a=h(e);if(this.eq(t.dInf)&&a.eq(t.dNegInf)||this.eq(t.dNegInf)&&a.eq(t.dInf))return g(Number.NaN,Number.NaN,Number.NaN);if(!Number.isFinite(this.layer))return new t(this);if(!Number.isFinite(a.layer))return new t(a);if(0===this.sign)return new t(a);if(0===a.sign)return new t(this);if(this.sign===-a.sign&&this.layer===a.layer&&this.mag===a.mag)return g(0,0,0);if(this.layer>=2||a.layer>=2)return this.maxabs(a);if(t.cmpabs(this,a)>0?(r=new t(this),i=new t(a)):(r=new t(a),i=new t(this)),0===r.layer&&0===i.layer)return t.fromNumber(r.sign*r.mag+i.sign*i.mag);var n=r.layer*Math.sign(r.mag),s=i.layer*Math.sign(i.mag);if(n-s>=2)return r;if(0===n&&-1===s){if(Math.abs(i.mag-Math.log10(r.mag))>17)return r;var u=Math.pow(10,Math.log10(r.mag)-i.mag),o=i.sign+r.sign*u;return m(Math.sign(o),1,i.mag+Math.log10(Math.abs(o)))}if(1===n&&0===s){if(Math.abs(r.mag-Math.log10(i.mag))>17)return r;var l=Math.pow(10,r.mag-Math.log10(i.mag)),f=i.sign+r.sign*l;return m(Math.sign(f),1,Math.log10(i.mag)+Math.log10(Math.abs(f)))}if(Math.abs(r.mag-i.mag)>17)return r;var c=Math.pow(10,r.mag-i.mag),N=i.sign+r.sign*c;return m(Math.sign(N),1,i.mag+Math.log10(Math.abs(N)))}},{key:"plus",value:function(e){return this.add(e)}},{key:"sub",value:function(e){return this.add(h(e).neg())}},{key:"subtract",value:function(e){return this.sub(e)}},{key:"minus",value:function(e){return this.sub(e)}},{key:"mul",value:function(e){var r,i,a=h(e);if(this.eq(t.dInf)&&a.eq(t.dNegInf)||this.eq(t.dNegInf)&&a.eq(t.dInf))return g(-1,Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY,Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY);if(this.mag==Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY&&a.eq(t.dZero)||this.eq(t.dZero)&&this.mag==Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY)return g(Number.NaN,Number.NaN,Number.NaN);if(!Number.isFinite(this.layer))return new t(this);if(!Number.isFinite(a.layer))return new t(a);if(0===this.sign||0===a.sign)return g(0,0,0);if(this.layer===a.layer&&this.mag===-a.mag)return g(this.sign*a.sign,0,1);if(this.layer>a.layer||this.layer==a.layer&&Math.abs(this.mag)>Math.abs(a.mag)?(r=new t(this),i=new t(a)):(r=new t(a),i=new t(this)),0===r.layer&&0===i.layer)return t.fromNumber(r.sign*i.sign*r.mag*i.mag);if(r.layer>=3||r.layer-i.layer>=2)return m(r.sign*i.sign,r.layer,r.mag);if(1===r.layer&&0===i.layer)return m(r.sign*i.sign,1,r.mag+Math.log10(i.mag));if(1===r.layer&&1===i.layer)return m(r.sign*i.sign,1,r.mag+i.mag);if(2===r.layer&&1===i.layer){var n=m(Math.sign(r.mag),r.layer-1,Math.abs(r.mag)).add(m(Math.sign(i.mag),i.layer-1,Math.abs(i.mag)));return m(r.sign*i.sign,n.layer+1,n.sign*n.mag)}if(2===r.layer&&2===i.layer){var s=m(Math.sign(r.mag),r.layer-1,Math.abs(r.mag)).add(m(Math.sign(i.mag),i.layer-1,Math.abs(i.mag)));return m(r.sign*i.sign,s.layer+1,s.sign*s.mag)}throw Error("Bad arguments to mul: "+this+", "+e)}},{key:"multiply",value:function(e){return this.mul(e)}},{key:"times",value:function(e){return this.mul(e)}},{key:"div",value:function(e){var t=h(e);return this.mul(t.recip())}},{key:"divide",value:function(e){return this.div(e)}},{key:"divideBy",value:function(e){return this.div(e)}},{key:"dividedBy",value:function(e){return this.div(e)}},{key:"recip",value:function(){return 0===this.mag?g(Number.NaN,Number.NaN,Number.NaN):this.mag===Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY?g(0,0,0):0===this.layer?m(this.sign,0,1/this.mag):m(this.sign,this.layer,-this.mag)}},{key:"reciprocal",value:function(){return this.recip()}},{key:"reciprocate",value:function(){return this.recip()}},{key:"mod",value:function(e){var r=h(e).abs();if(r.eq(t.dZero))return g(0,0,0);var i=this.toNumber(),a=r.toNumber();return isFinite(i)&&isFinite(a)&&0!=i&&0!=a?new t(i%a):this.sub(r).eq(this)?g(0,0,0):r.sub(this).eq(r)?new t(this):-1==this.sign?this.abs().mod(r).neg():this.sub(this.div(r).floor().mul(r))}},{key:"modulo",value:function(e){return this.mod(e)}},{key:"modular",value:function(e){return this.mod(e)}},{key:"cmp",value:function(e){var t=h(e);return this.sign>t.sign?1:this.sign<t.sign?-1:this.sign*this.cmpabs(e)}},{key:"cmpabs",value:function(e){var t=h(e),r=this.mag>0?this.layer:-this.layer,i=t.mag>0?t.layer:-t.layer;return r>i?1:r<i?-1:this.mag>t.mag?1:this.mag<t.mag?-1:0}},{key:"compare",value:function(e){return this.cmp(e)}},{key:"isNan",value:function(){return isNaN(this.sign)||isNaN(this.layer)||isNaN(this.mag)}},{key:"isFinite",value:function(e){function t(){return e.apply(this,arguments)}return t.toString=function(){return e.toString()},t}((function(){return isFinite(this.sign)&&isFinite(this.layer)&&isFinite(this.mag)}))},{key:"eq",value:function(e){var t=h(e);return this.sign===t.sign&&this.layer===t.layer&&this.mag===t.mag}},{key:"equals",value:function(e){return this.eq(e)}},{key:"neq",value:function(e){return!this.eq(e)}},{key:"notEquals",value:function(e){return this.neq(e)}},{key:"lt",value:function(e){return-1===this.cmp(e)}},{key:"lte",value:function(e){return!this.gt(e)}},{key:"gt",value:function(e){return 1===this.cmp(e)}},{key:"gte",value:function(e){return!this.lt(e)}},{key:"max",value:function(e){var r=h(e);return this.lt(r)?new t(r):new t(this)}},{key:"min",value:function(e){var r=h(e);return this.gt(r)?new t(r):new t(this)}},{key:"maxabs",value:function(e){var r=h(e);return this.cmpabs(r)<0?new t(r):new t(this)}},{key:"minabs",value:function(e){var r=h(e);return this.cmpabs(r)>0?new t(r):new t(this)}},{key:"clamp",value:function(e,t){return this.max(e).min(t)}},{key:"clampMin",value:function(e){return this.max(e)}},{key:"clampMax",value:function(e){return this.min(e)}},{key:"cmp_tolerance",value:function(e,t){var r=h(e);return this.eq_tolerance(r,t)?0:this.cmp(r)}},{key:"compare_tolerance",value:function(e,t){return this.cmp_tolerance(e,t)}},{key:"eq_tolerance",value:function(e,t){var r=h(e);if(null==t&&(t=1e-7),this.sign!==r.sign)return!1;if(Math.abs(this.layer-r.layer)>1)return!1;var i=this.mag,a=r.mag;return this.layer>r.layer&&(a=c(a)),this.layer<r.layer&&(i=c(i)),Math.abs(i-a)<=t*Math.max(Math.abs(i),Math.abs(a))}},{key:"equals_tolerance",value:function(e,t){return this.eq_tolerance(e,t)}},{key:"neq_tolerance",value:function(e,t){return!this.eq_tolerance(e,t)}},{key:"notEquals_tolerance",value:function(e,t){return this.neq_tolerance(e,t)}},{key:"lt_tolerance",value:function(e,t){var r=h(e);return!this.eq_tolerance(r,t)&&this.lt(r)}},{key:"lte_tolerance",value:function(e,t){var r=h(e);return this.eq_tolerance(r,t)||this.lt(r)}},{key:"gt_tolerance",value:function(e,t){var r=h(e);return!this.eq_tolerance(r,t)&&this.gt(r)}},{key:"gte_tolerance",value:function(e,t){var r=h(e);return this.eq_tolerance(r,t)||this.gt(r)}},{key:"pLog10",value:function(){return this.lt(t.dZero)?g(0,0,0):this.log10()}},{key:"absLog10",value:function(){return 0===this.sign?g(Number.NaN,Number.NaN,Number.NaN):this.layer>0?m(Math.sign(this.mag),this.layer-1,Math.abs(this.mag)):m(1,0,Math.log10(this.mag))}},{key:"log10",value:function(){return this.sign<=0?g(Number.NaN,Number.NaN,Number.NaN):this.layer>0?m(Math.sign(this.mag),this.layer-1,Math.abs(this.mag)):m(this.sign,0,Math.log10(this.mag))}},{key:"log",value:function(e){return e=h(e),this.sign<=0||e.sign<=0||1===e.sign&&0===e.layer&&1===e.mag?g(Number.NaN,Number.NaN,Number.NaN):0===this.layer&&0===e.layer?m(this.sign,0,Math.log(this.mag)/Math.log(e.mag)):t.div(this.log10(),e.log10())}},{key:"log2",value:function(){return this.sign<=0?g(Number.NaN,Number.NaN,Number.NaN):0===this.layer?m(this.sign,0,Math.log2(this.mag)):1===this.layer?m(Math.sign(this.mag),0,3.321928094887362*Math.abs(this.mag)):2===this.layer?m(Math.sign(this.mag),1,Math.abs(this.mag)+.5213902276543247):m(Math.sign(this.mag),this.layer-1,Math.abs(this.mag))}},{key:"ln",value:function(){return this.sign<=0?g(Number.NaN,Number.NaN,Number.NaN):0===this.layer?m(this.sign,0,Math.log(this.mag)):1===this.layer?m(Math.sign(this.mag),0,2.302585092994046*Math.abs(this.mag)):2===this.layer?m(Math.sign(this.mag),1,Math.abs(this.mag)+.36221568869946325):m(Math.sign(this.mag),this.layer-1,Math.abs(this.mag))}},{key:"logarithm",value:function(e){return this.log(e)}},{key:"pow",value:function(e){var r=h(e),i=new t(this),a=new t(r);if(0===i.sign)return a.eq(0)?g(1,0,1):i;if(1===i.sign&&0===i.layer&&1===i.mag)return i;if(0===a.sign)return g(1,0,1);if(1===a.sign&&0===a.layer&&1===a.mag)return i;var n=i.absLog10().mul(a).pow10();return-1===this.sign?Math.abs(a.toNumber()%2)%2==1?n.neg():Math.abs(a.toNumber()%2)%2==0?n:g(Number.NaN,Number.NaN,Number.NaN):n}},{key:"pow10",value:function(){if(this.eq(t.dInf))return g(1,Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY,Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY);if(this.eq(t.dNegInf))return g(0,0,0);if(!Number.isFinite(this.layer)||!Number.isFinite(this.mag))return g(Number.NaN,Number.NaN,Number.NaN);var e=new t(this);if(0===e.layer){var r=Math.pow(10,e.sign*e.mag);if(Number.isFinite(r)&&Math.abs(r)>=.1)return m(1,0,r);if(0===e.sign)return g(1,0,1);e=g(e.sign,e.layer+1,Math.log10(e.mag))}return e.sign>0&&e.mag>=0?m(e.sign,e.layer+1,e.mag):e.sign<0&&e.mag>=0?m(-e.sign,e.layer+1,-e.mag):g(1,0,1)}},{key:"pow_base",value:function(e){return h(e).pow(this)}},{key:"root",value:function(e){var t=h(e);return this.pow(t.recip())}},{key:"factorial",value:function(){return this.mag<0||0===this.layer?this.add(1).gamma():1===this.layer?t.exp(t.mul(this,t.ln(this).sub(1))):t.exp(this)}},{key:"gamma",value:function(){if(this.mag<0)return this.recip();if(0===this.layer){if(this.lt(g(1,0,24)))return t.fromNumber(function(e){if(!isFinite(e))return e;if(e<-50)return e===Math.trunc(e)?Number.NEGATIVE_INFINITY:0;for(var t=1;e<10;)t*=e,++e;var r=.9189385332046727;r+=((e-=1)+.5)*Math.log(e),r-=e;var i=e*e,a=e;return r+=1/(12*a),r-=1/(360*(a*=i)),r+=1/(1260*(a*=i)),r-=1/(1680*(a*=i)),r+=1/(1188*(a*=i)),r-=691/(360360*(a*=i)),r+=7/(1092*(a*=i)),r-=3617/(122400*(a*=i)),Math.exp(r)/t}(this.sign*this.mag));var e=this.mag-1,r=.9189385332046727;r+=(e+.5)*Math.log(e);var i=e*e,a=e,n=12*a,s=1/n,u=(r-=e)+s;if(u===r)return t.exp(r);if((u=(r=u)-(s=1/(n=360*(a*=i))))===r)return t.exp(r);r=u;var o=1/(n=1260*(a*=i));return r+=o,r-=o=1/(n=1680*(a*=i)),t.exp(r)}return 1===this.layer?t.exp(t.mul(this,t.ln(this).sub(1))):t.exp(this)}},{key:"lngamma",value:function(){return this.gamma().ln()}},{key:"exp",value:function(){return this.mag<0?g(1,0,1):0===this.layer&&this.mag<=709.7?t.fromNumber(Math.exp(this.sign*this.mag)):0===this.layer?m(1,1,this.sign*Math.log10(Math.E)*this.mag):1===this.layer?m(1,2,this.sign*(Math.log10(.4342944819032518)+this.mag)):m(1,this.layer+1,this.sign*this.mag)}},{key:"sqr",value:function(){return this.pow(2)}},{key:"sqrt",value:function(){if(0===this.layer)return t.fromNumber(Math.sqrt(this.sign*this.mag));if(1===this.layer)return m(1,2,Math.log10(this.mag)-.3010299956639812);var e=t.div(g(this.sign,this.layer-1,this.mag),g(1,0,2));return e.layer+=1,e.normalize(),e}},{key:"cube",value:function(){return this.pow(3)}},{key:"cbrt",value:function(){return this.pow(1/3)}},{key:"tetrate",value:function(){var e=arguments.length>0&&void 0!==arguments[0]?arguments[0]:2,r=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:g(1,0,1),i=arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2]&&arguments[2];if(1===e)return t.pow(this,r);if(0===e)return 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i=t.fromDecimal(this);if(e>=1){i.mag<0&&i.layer>0?(i.sign=0,i.mag=0,i.layer=0):-1===i.sign&&0==i.layer&&(i.sign=1,i.mag=-i.mag);var a=Math.trunc(e);e-=a,i.layer+=a}if(e<=-1){var n=Math.trunc(e);if(e-=n,i.layer+=n,i.layer<0)for(var s=0;s<100;++s){if(i.layer++,i.mag=Math.log10(i.mag),!isFinite(i.mag))return 0===i.sign&&(i.sign=1),i.layer<0&&(i.layer=0),i.normalize();if(i.layer>=0)break}}for(;i.layer<0;)i.layer++,i.mag=Math.log10(i.mag);return 0===i.sign&&(i.sign=1,0===i.mag&&i.layer>=1&&(i.layer-=1,i.mag=1)),i.normalize(),0!==e?i.layeradd(e,10,r):i}},{key:"layeradd",value:function(e,r){var i=arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2]&&arguments[2],a=h(r);if(a.gt(1)&&a.lte(1.444667861009766)){var n=t.excess_slog(this,r,i),s=n[0].toNumber(),u=n[1],o=s+e,l=t.ln(r).neg(),m=l.lambertw().div(l),f=l.lambertw(!1).div(l),c=t.dOne;1==u?c=m.mul(f).sqrt():2==u&&(c=f.mul(2));var N=a.pow(c),v=Math.floor(o),y=o-v,b=c.pow(1-y).mul(N.pow(y));return t.tetrate(a,v,b,i)}var 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h=1,f=m(1,10,1),c=m(1,10,1),N=m(1,10,1),v=m(1,1,-16),y=t.dZero,b=m(1,10,1),d=v.pow10().recip(),p=t.dZero,k=d,I=d,M=Math.ceil(e)%2==0,w=0,_=m(1,10,1),F=!1,S=t.dZero,q=!1;h<4;){if(2==h){if(M)break;N=m(1,10,1),v=f,h=3,b=m(1,10,1),_=m(1,10,1)}for(F=!1;v.neq(N);){if(S=v,v.pow10().recip().tetrate(e,1,!0).eq(1)&&v.pow10().recip().lt(.4))d=v.pow10().recip(),k=v.pow10().recip(),I=v.pow10().recip(),p=t.dZero,w=-1,3==h&&(_=v);else if(v.pow10().recip().tetrate(e,1,!0).eq(v.pow10().recip())&&!M&&v.pow10().recip().lt(.4))d=v.pow10().recip(),k=v.pow10().recip(),I=v.pow10().recip(),p=t.dZero,w=0;else 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t).fromComponents_noNormalize(e,r,i)}},{key:"fromMantissaExponent",value:function(e,r){return(new t).fromMantissaExponent(e,r)}},{key:"fromMantissaExponent_noNormalize",value:function(e,r){return(new t).fromMantissaExponent_noNormalize(e,r)}},{key:"fromDecimal",value:function(e){return(new t).fromDecimal(e)}},{key:"fromNumber",value:function(e){return(new t).fromNumber(e)}},{key:"fromString",value:function(e){var r=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]&&arguments[1];return(new t).fromString(e,r)}},{key:"fromValue",value:function(e){return(new t).fromValue(e)}},{key:"fromValue_noAlloc",value:function(e){if(e instanceof t)return e;if("string"==typeof e){var r=t.fromStringCache.get(e);return void 0!==r?r:t.fromString(e)}return"number"==typeof e?t.fromNumber(e):g(0,0,0)}},{key:"abs",value:function(e){return h(e).abs()}},{key:"neg",value:function(e){return h(e).neg()}},{key:"negate",value:function(e){return h(e).neg()}},{key:"negated",value:function(e){return h(e).neg()}},{key:"sign",value:function(e){return h(e).sign}},{key:"sgn",value:function(e){return h(e).sign}},{key:"round",value:function(e){return h(e).round()}},{key:"floor",value:function(e){return h(e).floor()}},{key:"ceil",value:function(e){return h(e).ceil()}},{key:"trunc",value:function(e){return h(e).trunc()}},{key:"add",value:function(e,t){return h(e).add(t)}},{key:"plus",value:function(e,t){return h(e).add(t)}},{key:"sub",value:function(e,t){return h(e).sub(t)}},{key:"subtract",value:function(e,t){return h(e).sub(t)}},{key:"minus",value:function(e,t){return h(e).sub(t)}},{key:"mul",value:function(e,t){return h(e).mul(t)}},{key:"multiply",value:function(e,t){return h(e).mul(t)}},{key:"times",value:function(e,t){return h(e).mul(t)}},{key:"div",value:function(e,t){return h(e).div(t)}},{key:"divide",value:function(e,t){return h(e).div(t)}},{key:"recip",value:function(e){return h(e).recip()}},{key:"reciprocal",value:function(e){return h(e).recip()}},{key:"reciprocate",value:function(e){return h(e).reciprocate()}},{key:"mod",value:function(e,t){return h(e).mod(t)}},{key:"modulo",value:function(e,t){return h(e).modulo(t)}},{key:"modular",value:function(e,t){return h(e).modular(t)}},{key:"cmp",value:function(e,t){return h(e).cmp(t)}},{key:"cmpabs",value:function(e,t){return h(e).cmpabs(t)}},{key:"compare",value:function(e,t){return h(e).cmp(t)}},{key:"isNaN",value:function(e){function t(t){return e.apply(this,arguments)}return t.toString=function(){return e.toString()},t}((function(e){return e=h(e),isNaN(e.sign)||isNaN(e.layer)||isNaN(e.mag)}))},{key:"isFinite",value:function(e){function t(t){return e.apply(this,arguments)}return t.toString=function(){return e.toString()},t}((function(e){return e=h(e),isFinite(e.sign)&&isFinite(e.layer)&&isFinite(e.mag)}))},{key:"eq",value:function(e,t){return h(e).eq(t)}},{key:"equals",value:function(e,t){return h(e).eq(t)}},{key:"neq",value:function(e,t){return h(e).neq(t)}},{key:"notEquals",value:function(e,t){return h(e).notEquals(t)}},{key:"lt",value:function(e,t){return h(e).lt(t)}},{key:"lte",value:function(e,t){return h(e).lte(t)}},{key:"gt",value:function(e,t){return h(e).gt(t)}},{key:"gte",value:function(e,t){return h(e).gte(t)}},{key:"max",value:function(e,t){return h(e).max(t)}},{key:"min",value:function(e,t){return h(e).min(t)}},{key:"minabs",value:function(e,t){return h(e).minabs(t)}},{key:"maxabs",value:function(e,t){return h(e).maxabs(t)}},{key:"clamp",value:function(e,t,r){return h(e).clamp(t,r)}},{key:"clampMin",value:function(e,t){return h(e).clampMin(t)}},{key:"clampMax",value:function(e,t){return h(e).clampMax(t)}},{key:"cmp_tolerance",value:function(e,t,r){return h(e).cmp_tolerance(t,r)}},{key:"compare_tolerance",value:function(e,t,r){return h(e).cmp_tolerance(t,r)}},{key:"eq_tolerance",value:function(e,t,r){return h(e).eq_tolerance(t,r)}},{key:"equals_tolerance",value:function(e,t,r){return h(e).eq_tolerance(t,r)}},{key:"neq_tolerance",value:function(e,t,r){return h(e).neq_tolerance(t,r)}},{key:"notEquals_tolerance",value:function(e,t,r){return h(e).notEquals_tolerance(t,r)}},{key:"lt_tolerance",value:function(e,t,r){return h(e).lt_tolerance(t,r)}},{key:"lte_tolerance",value:function(e,t,r){return h(e).lte_tolerance(t,r)}},{key:"gt_tolerance",value:function(e,t,r){return h(e).gt_tolerance(t,r)}},{key:"gte_tolerance",value:function(e,t,r){return h(e).gte_tolerance(t,r)}},{key:"pLog10",value:function(e){return h(e).pLog10()}},{key:"absLog10",value:function(e){return h(e).absLog10()}},{key:"log10",value:function(e){return h(e).log10()}},{key:"log",value:function(e,t){return h(e).log(t)}},{key:"log2",value:function(e){return h(e).log2()}},{key:"ln",value:function(e){return h(e).ln()}},{key:"logarithm",value:function(e,t){return h(e).logarithm(t)}},{key:"pow",value:function(e,t){return h(e).pow(t)}},{key:"pow10",value:function(e){return h(e).pow10()}},{key:"root",value:function(e,t){return h(e).root(t)}},{key:"factorial",value:function(e,t){return h(e).factorial()}},{key:"gamma",value:function(e,t){return h(e).gamma()}},{key:"lngamma",value:function(e,t){return h(e).lngamma()}},{key:"exp",value:function(e){return h(e).exp()}},{key:"sqr",value:function(e){return h(e).sqr()}},{key:"sqrt",value:function(e){return h(e).sqrt()}},{key:"cube",value:function(e){return h(e).cube()}},{key:"cbrt",value:function(e){return h(e).cbrt()}},{key:"tetrate",value:function(e){var t=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:2,r=arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2]?arguments[2]:g(1,0,1),i=arguments.length>3&&void 0!==arguments[3]&&arguments[3];return h(e).tetrate(t,r,i)}},{key:"iteratedexp",value:function(e){var t=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:2,r=arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2]?arguments[2]:g(1,0,1),i=arguments.length>3&&void 0!==arguments[3]&&arguments[3];return h(e).iteratedexp(t,r,i)}},{key:"iteratedlog",value:function(e){var t=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:10,r=arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2]?arguments[2]:1,i=arguments.length>3&&void 0!==arguments[3]&&arguments[3];return h(e).iteratedlog(t,r,i)}},{key:"layeradd10",value:function(e,t){var r=arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2]&&arguments[2];return h(e).layeradd10(t,r)}},{key:"layeradd",value:function(e,t){var r=arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2]?arguments[2]:10,i=arguments.length>3&&void 0!==arguments[3]&&arguments[3];return h(e).layeradd(t,r,i)}},{key:"slog",value:function(e){var t=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:10,r=arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2]&&arguments[2];return h(e).slog(t,100,r)}},{key:"lambertw",value:function(e,t){return h(e).lambertw(t)}},{key:"ssqrt",value:function(e){return h(e).ssqrt()}},{key:"linear_sroot",value:function(e,t){return h(e).linear_sroot(t)}},{key:"pentate",value:function(e){var t=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:2,r=arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2]?arguments[2]:g(1,0,1),i=arguments.length>3&&void 0!==arguments[3]&&arguments[3];return h(e).pentate(t,r,i)}},{key:"sin",value:function(e){return h(e).sin()}},{key:"cos",value:function(e){return h(e).cos()}},{key:"tan",value:function(e){return h(e).tan()}},{key:"asin",value:function(e){return h(e).asin()}},{key:"acos",value:function(e){return h(e).acos()}},{key:"atan",value:function(e){return h(e).atan()}},{key:"sinh",value:function(e){return h(e).sinh()}},{key:"cosh",value:function(e){return h(e).cosh()}},{key:"tanh",value:function(e){return h(e).tanh()}},{key:"asinh",value:function(e){return h(e).asinh()}},{key:"acosh",value:function(e){return h(e).acosh()}},{key:"atanh",value:function(e){return h(e).atanh()}},{key:"affordGeometricSeries",value:function(e,t,r,i){return this.affordGeometricSeries_core(h(e),h(t),h(r),i)}},{key:"sumGeometricSeries",value:function(e,t,r,i){return this.sumGeometricSeries_core(e,h(t),h(r),i)}},{key:"affordArithmeticSeries",value:function(e,t,r,i){return this.affordArithmeticSeries_core(h(e),h(t),h(r),h(i))}},{key:"sumArithmeticSeries",value:function(e,t,r,i){return this.sumArithmeticSeries_core(h(e),h(t),h(r),h(i))}},{key:"efficiencyOfPurchase",value:function(e,t,r){return this.efficiencyOfPurchase_core(h(e),h(t),h(r))}},{key:"randomDecimalForTesting",value:function(e){if(20*Math.random()<1)return g(0,0,0);var t=Math.random()>.5?1:-1;if(20*Math.random()<1)return g(t,0,1);var r=Math.floor(Math.random()*(e+1)),i=0===r?616*Math.random()-308:16*Math.random();Math.random()>.9&&(i=Math.trunc(i));var a=Math.pow(10,i);return Math.random()>.9&&(a=Math.trunc(a)),m(t,r,a)}},{key:"affordGeometricSeries_core",value:function(e,r,i,a){var n=r.mul(i.pow(a));return t.floor(e.div(n).mul(i.sub(1)).add(1).log10().div(i.log10()))}},{key:"sumGeometricSeries_core",value:function(e,r,i,a){return r.mul(i.pow(a)).mul(t.sub(1,i.pow(e))).div(t.sub(1,i))}},{key:"affordArithmeticSeries_core",value:function(e,t,r,i){var a=t.add(i.mul(r)).sub(r.div(2)),n=a.pow(2);return a.neg().add(n.add(r.mul(e).mul(2)).sqrt()).div(r).floor()}},{key:"sumArithmeticSeries_core",value:function(e,t,r,i){var a=t.add(i.mul(r));return e.div(2).mul(a.mul(2).plus(e.sub(1).mul(r)))}},{key:"efficiencyOfPurchase_core",value:function(e,t,r){return e.div(t).add(e.div(r))}},{key:"slog_critical",value:function(e,r){return e>10?r-1:t.critical_section(e,r,l)}},{key:"tetrate_critical",value:function(e,r){return t.critical_section(e,r,o)}},{key:"critical_section",value:function(e,t,r){(t*=10)<0&&(t=0),t>10&&(t=10),e<2&&(e=2),e>10&&(e=10);for(var i=0,a=0,n=0;n<u.length;++n){if(u[n]==e){i=r[n][Math.floor(t)],a=r[n][Math.ceil(t)];break}if(u[n]<e&&u[n+1]>e){var s=(e-u[n])/(u[n+1]-u[n]);i=r[n][Math.floor(t)]*(1-s)+r[n+1][Math.floor(t)]*s,a=r[n][Math.ceil(t)]*(1-s)+r[n+1][Math.ceil(t)]*s;break}}var o=t-Math.floor(t);return i<=0||a<=0?i*(1-o)+a*o:Math.pow(e,Math.log(i)/Math.log(e)*(1-o)+Math.log(a)/Math.log(e)*o)}},{key:"excess_slog",value:function(e,r){var i=arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2]&&arguments[2];e=h(e);var a=r=h(r);if(1==(r=r.toNumber())||r<=0)return[g(Number.NaN,Number.NaN,Number.NaN),0];if(r>1.444667861009766)return[e.slog(r,100,i),0];var n=t.ln(r).neg(),s=n.lambertw().div(n),u=t.dInf;if(r>1&&(u=n.lambertw(!1).div(n)),r>1.444667861009099&&(s=u=t.fromNumber(Math.E)),e.lt(s))return[e.slog(r,100,i),0];if(e.eq(s))return[g(1,Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY,Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY),0];if(e.eq(u))return[g(1,Number.NEGATIVE_INFINITY,Number.NEGATIVE_INFINITY),2];if(e.gt(u)){var o=u.mul(2),l=a.pow(o),m=0;if(e.gte(o)&&e.lt(l))m=0;else if(e.gte(l)){var f=l;for(m=1;f.lt(e);)if(m+=1,(f=a.pow(f)).layer>3){var c=Math.floor(e.layer-f.layer+1);f=a.iteratedexp(c,f,i),m+=c}f.gt(e)&&(f=f.log(r),m-=1)}else if(e.lt(o)){var N=o;for(m=0;N.gt(e);)N=N.log(r),m-=1}for(var v=0,y=0,b=.5,d=o,p=t.dZero;b>1e-16;){if(y=v+b,d=o.pow(1-y).mul(l.pow(y)),(p=t.iteratedexp(r,m,d)).eq(e))return[new t(m+y),2];p.lt(e)&&(v+=b),b/=2}return p.neq_tolerance(e,1e-7)?[g(Number.NaN,Number.NaN,Number.NaN),0]:[new t(m+v),2]}if(e.lt(u)&&e.gt(s)){var k=s.mul(u).sqrt(),I=a.pow(k),M=0;if(e.lte(k)&&e.gt(I))M=0;else if(e.lte(I)){var w=I;for(M=1;w.gt(e);)w=a.pow(w),M+=1;w.lt(e)&&(w=w.log(r),M-=1)}else if(e.gt(k)){var _=k;for(M=0;_.lt(e);)_=_.log(r),M-=1}for(var F=0,S=0,q=.5,T=k,E=t.dZero;q>1e-16;){if(S=F+q,T=k.pow(1-S).mul(I.pow(S)),(E=t.iteratedexp(r,M,T)).eq(e))return[new t(M+S),1];E.gt(e)&&(F+=q),q/=2}return E.neq_tolerance(e,1e-7)?[g(Number.NaN,Number.NaN,Number.NaN),0]:[new t(M+F),1]}throw new Error("Unhandled behavior in excess_slog")}}]),t}();return b.dZero=g(0,0,0),b.dOne=g(1,0,1),b.dNegOne=g(-1,0,1),b.dTwo=g(1,0,2),b.dTen=g(1,0,10),b.dNaN=g(Number.NaN,Number.NaN,Number.NaN),b.dInf=g(1,Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY,Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY),b.dNegInf=g(-1,Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY,Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY),b.dNumberMax=m(1,0,Number.MAX_VALUE),b.dNumberMin=m(1,0,Number.MIN_VALUE),b.fromStringCache=new i(1023),h=b.fromValue_noAlloc,m=b.fromComponents,g=b.fromComponents_noNormalize,b.fromMantissaExponent,b.fromMantissaExponent_noNormalize,b}));
diff --git a/index.d.ts b/index.d.ts
index 0e94102..89f33e9 100644
--- a/index.d.ts
+++ b/index.d.ts
@@ -481,8 +481,12 @@ export default class Decimal {
     /**
      * The Lambert W function, also called the omega function or product logarithm, is the solution W(x) === x*e^x.
      * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lambert_W_function
+     *
+     * This is a multi-valued function in the complex plane, but only two branches matter for real numbers: the "principal branch" W0, and the "non-principal branch" W_-1.
+     * W_0 works for any number >= -1/e, but W_-1 only works for negative numbers >= -1/e.
+     * The "principal" parameter, which is true by default, decides which branch we're looking for: W_0 is used if principal is true, W_-1 is used if principal is false.
      */
-    static lambertw(value: DecimalSource): Decimal;
+    static lambertw(value: DecimalSource, principal: boolean): Decimal;
     /**
      * The super square-root function - what number, tetrated to height 2, equals 'value'? https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetration#Super-root
      */
@@ -688,19 +692,19 @@ export default class Decimal {
     /**
      * Rounds the Decimal it's called on to the nearest integer.
      */
-    round(): this | Decimal;
+    round(): Decimal;
     /**
      * "Rounds" the Decimal it's called on to the nearest integer that's less than or equal to it.
      */
-    floor(): this | Decimal;
+    floor(): Decimal;
     /**
      * "Rounds" the Decimal it's called on to the nearest integer that's greater than or equal to it.
      */
-    ceil(): this | Decimal;
+    ceil(): Decimal;
     /**
      * Extracts the integer part of the Decimal and returns it. Behaves like floor on positive numbers, but behaves like ceiling on negative numbers.
      */
-    trunc(): this | Decimal;
+    trunc(): Decimal;
     /**
      * Addition: returns the sum of 'this' and 'value'.
      */
@@ -1082,11 +1086,26 @@ export default class Decimal {
      * Analytic approximation is not currently supported for bases > 10.
      */
     layeradd(diff: number, base: DecimalSource, linear?: boolean): Decimal;
+    /**
+     * A strange version of slog for bases between 1 and e^1/e which can handle values above base^^Infinity.
+     * Returns a pair of a Decimal and a number, with the number always being 0, 1, or 2. The number indicates what range we're in:
+     * 0 means we're below the lower solution of b^x = x, and so the normal slog is used.
+     * 1 means we're between the two solutions of b^x = x, with the geometric mean of the two solutions arbitrarily chosen to be the value with a slog of 0.
+     * 2 means we're above the upper solution of b^x = x, with (upper solution * 2) arbitrarily chosen to be the value with a slog of 0.
+     *
+     * The values returned by this function don't really have much mathematical meaning, but the difference between two values does.
+     * Therefore, this function is kept private, but it's used for layeradd on these small bases.
+     */
+    private static excess_slog;
     /**
      * The Lambert W function, also called the omega function or product logarithm, is the solution W(x) === x*e^x.
      * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lambert_W_function
+     *
+     * This is a multi-valued function in the complex plane, but only two branches matter for real numbers: the "principal branch" W0, and the "non-principal branch" W_-1.
+     * W_0 works for any number >= -1/e, but W_-1 only works for nonpositive numbers >= -1/e.
+     * The "principal" parameter, which is true by default, decides which branch we're looking for: W_0 is used if principal is true, W_-1 is used if principal is false.
      */
-    lambertw(): Decimal;
+    lambertw(principal?: boolean): Decimal;
     /**
      * The super square-root function - what number, tetrated to height 2, equals 'this'? https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetration#Super-root
      */
diff --git a/src/index.ts b/src/index.ts
index 31a9e1b..ce54e7f 100644
--- a/src/index.ts
+++ b/src/index.ts
@@ -241,19 +241,19 @@ const f_gamma = function (n: number) {
   let np = n;
   l = l + 1 / (12 * np);
   np = np * n2;
-  l = l + 1 / (360 * np);
+  l = l - 1 / (360 * np);
   np = np * n2;
   l = l + 1 / (1260 * np);
   np = np * n2;
-  l = l + 1 / (1680 * np);
+  l = l - 1 / (1680 * np);
   np = np * n2;
   l = l + 1 / (1188 * np);
   np = np * n2;
-  l = l + 691 / (360360 * np);
+  l = l - 691 / (360360 * np);
   np = np * n2;
   l = l + 7 / (1092 * np);
   np = np * n2;
-  l = l + 3617 / (122400 * np);
+  l = l - 3617 / (122400 * np);
 
   return Math.exp(l) / scal1;
 };
@@ -263,24 +263,36 @@ const _EXPN1 = 0.36787944117144232159553; // exp(-1)
 const OMEGA = 0.56714329040978387299997; // W(1, 0)
 //from https://math.stackexchange.com/a/465183
 // The evaluation can become inaccurate very close to the branch point
-const f_lambertw = function (z: number, tol = 1e-10): number {
+// Evaluates W(x, 0) if principal is true, W(x, -1) if principal is false
+const f_lambertw = function (z: number, tol = 1e-10, principal = true): number {
   let w;
   let wn;
 
   if (!Number.isFinite(z)) {
     return z;
   }
-  if (z === 0) {
-    return z;
-  }
-  if (z === 1) {
-    return OMEGA;
+  if (principal) {
+    if (z === 0) {
+      return z;
+    }
+    if (z === 1) {
+      return OMEGA;
+    }
+  
+    if (z < 10) {
+      w = 0;
+    } else {
+      w = Math.log(z) - Math.log(Math.log(z));
+    }
   }
+  else {
+    if (z === 0) return -Infinity;
 
-  if (z < 10) {
-    w = 0;
-  } else {
-    w = Math.log(z) - Math.log(Math.log(z));
+    if (z <= -0.1) {
+      w = -2;
+    } else {
+      w = Math.log(-z) - Math.log(-Math.log(-z));
+    }
   }
 
   for (let i = 0; i < 100; ++i) {
@@ -300,24 +312,33 @@ const f_lambertw = function (z: number, tol = 1e-10): number {
 // The evaluation can become inaccurate very close to the branch point
 // at ``-1/e``. In some corner cases, `lambertw` might currently
 // fail to converge, or can end up on the wrong branch.
-function d_lambertw(z: Decimal, tol = 1e-10): Decimal {
+// Evaluates W(x, 0) if principal is true, W(x, -1) if principal is false
+function d_lambertw(z: Decimal, tol = 1e-10, principal = true): Decimal {
   let w;
   let ew, wewz, wn;
 
   if (!Number.isFinite(z.mag)) {
-    return z;
+    return new Decimal(z);
   }
-  if (z.eq(Decimal.dZero)) {
-    return z;
+  if (principal) {
+    if (z.eq(Decimal.dZero)) {
+      return FC_NN(0, 0, 0);
+    }
+    if (z.eq(Decimal.dOne)) {
+      //Split out this case because the asymptotic series blows up
+      return Decimal.fromNumber(OMEGA);
+    }
+  
+    //Get an initial guess for Halley's method
+    w = Decimal.ln(z);  
   }
-  if (z.eq(Decimal.dOne)) {
-    //Split out this case because the asymptotic series blows up
-    return Decimal.fromNumber(OMEGA);
+  else {
+    if (z.eq(Decimal.dZero)) {
+        return FC_NN(-1, Number.NEGATIVE_INFINITY, Number.NEGATIVE_INFINITY);
+      }
+    //Get an initial guess for Halley's method
+    w = Decimal.ln(z.neg());  
   }
-
-  //Get an initial guess for Halley's method
-  w = Decimal.ln(z);
-
   //Halley's method; see 5.9 in [1]
 
   for (let i = 0; i < 100; ++i) {
@@ -348,7 +369,7 @@ export default class Decimal {
   public static readonly dTen = FC_NN(1, 0, 10);
   public static readonly dNaN = FC_NN(Number.NaN, Number.NaN, Number.NaN);
   public static readonly dInf = FC_NN(1, Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY, Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY);
-  public static readonly dNegInf = FC_NN(-1, Number.NEGATIVE_INFINITY, Number.NEGATIVE_INFINITY);
+  public static readonly dNegInf = FC_NN(-1, Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY, Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY);
   public static readonly dNumberMax = FC(1, 0, Number.MAX_VALUE);
   public static readonly dNumberMin = FC(1, 0, Number.MIN_VALUE);
 
@@ -531,7 +552,7 @@ export default class Decimal {
       // This should never happen... but some users like Prestige Tree Rewritten
       // pass undefined values in as DecimalSources, so we should handle this
       // case to not break them.
-      return Decimal.dZero;
+      return FC_NN(0, 0, 0);
     }
   }
 
@@ -1229,10 +1250,14 @@ export default class Decimal {
 
   /**
    * The Lambert W function, also called the omega function or product logarithm, is the solution W(x) === x*e^x.
-   * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lambert_W_function 
+   * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lambert_W_function
+   * 
+   * This is a multi-valued function in the complex plane, but only two branches matter for real numbers: the "principal branch" W0, and the "non-principal branch" W_-1.
+   * W_0 works for any number >= -1/e, but W_-1 only works for negative numbers >= -1/e.
+   * The "principal" parameter, which is true by default, decides which branch we're looking for: W_0 is used if principal is true, W_-1 is used if principal is false.
    */
-  public static lambertw(value: DecimalSource): Decimal {
-    return D(value).lambertw();
+  public static lambertw(value: DecimalSource, principal : boolean): Decimal {
+    return D(value).lambertw(principal);
   }
 
   /**
@@ -1552,7 +1577,7 @@ export default class Decimal {
     Any 0 is totally zero (0, 0, 0) and any NaN is totally NaN (NaN, NaN, NaN).
     Anything layer 0 has mag 0 OR mag > 1/9e15 and < 9e15.
     Anything layer 1 or higher has abs(mag) >= 15.954 and < 9e15.
-    Any positive infinity is (1, Infinity, Infinity) and any negative infinity is (-1, -Infinity, -Infinity).
+    Any positive infinity is (1, Infinity, Infinity) and any negative infinity is (-1, Infinity, Infinity).
     We will assume in calculations that all Decimals are either erroneous or satisfy these criteria. (Otherwise: Garbage in, garbage out.)
     */
 
@@ -1572,14 +1597,8 @@ export default class Decimal {
     
     //Handle infinities
     if (this.mag === Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY || this.layer === Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY || this.mag === Number.NEGATIVE_INFINITY || this.layer === Number.NEGATIVE_INFINITY) {
-      if (this.sign == 1) {
         this.mag = Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY;
         this.layer = Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY;
-      }
-      else if (this.sign == -1) {
-        this.mag = Number.NEGATIVE_INFINITY
-        this.layer = Number.NEGATIVE_INFINITY;
-      }
       return this;
     }
 
@@ -1801,6 +1820,11 @@ export default class Decimal {
     let ptparts = value.split("pt");
     if (ptparts.length === 2) {
       base = 10;
+      let negative = false;
+      if (ptparts[0][0] == "-") {
+        negative = true;
+        ptparts[0] = ptparts[0].slice(1);
+      }
       height = parseFloat(ptparts[0]);
       ptparts[1] = ptparts[1].replace("(", "");
       ptparts[1] = ptparts[1].replace(")", "");
@@ -1816,6 +1840,7 @@ export default class Decimal {
         if (Decimal.fromStringCache.maxSize >= 1) {
           Decimal.fromStringCache.set(originalValue, Decimal.fromDecimal(this));
         }
+        if (negative) this.sign *= -1;
         return this;
       }
     }
@@ -1824,6 +1849,11 @@ export default class Decimal {
     ptparts = value.split("p");
     if (ptparts.length === 2) {
       base = 10;
+      let negative = false;
+      if (ptparts[0][0] == "-") {
+        negative = true;
+        ptparts[0] = ptparts[0].slice(1);
+      }
       height = parseFloat(ptparts[0]);
       ptparts[1] = ptparts[1].replace("(", "");
       ptparts[1] = ptparts[1].replace(")", "");
@@ -1839,6 +1869,7 @@ export default class Decimal {
         if (Decimal.fromStringCache.maxSize >= 1) {
           Decimal.fromStringCache.set(originalValue, Decimal.fromDecimal(this));
         }
+        if (negative) this.sign *= -1;
         return this;
       }
     }
@@ -1847,6 +1878,11 @@ export default class Decimal {
     ptparts = value.split("f");
     if (ptparts.length === 2) {
       base = 10;
+      let negative = false;
+      if (ptparts[0][0] == "-") {
+        negative = true;
+        ptparts[0] = ptparts[0].slice(1);
+      }
       ptparts[0] = ptparts[0].replace("(", "");
       ptparts[0] = ptparts[0].replace(")", "");
       let payload = parseFloat(ptparts[0]);
@@ -1864,6 +1900,7 @@ export default class Decimal {
         if (Decimal.fromStringCache.maxSize >= 1) {
           Decimal.fromStringCache.set(originalValue, Decimal.fromDecimal(this));
         }
+        if (negative) this.sign *= -1;
         return this;
       }
     }
@@ -2018,7 +2055,7 @@ export default class Decimal {
     if (this.mag === Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY && this.layer === Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY && this.sign === 1) {
       return Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY;
     }
-    if (this.mag === Number.NEGATIVE_INFINITY && this.layer === Number.NEGATIVE_INFINITY && this.sign === -1) {
+    if (this.mag === Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY && this.layer === Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY && this.sign === -1) {
       return Number.NEGATIVE_INFINITY;
     }
     if (!Number.isFinite(this.layer)) {
@@ -2073,7 +2110,7 @@ export default class Decimal {
     if (isNaN(this.layer) || isNaN(this.sign) || isNaN(this.mag)) {
       return "NaN";
     }
-    if (this.mag === Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY || this.layer === Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY || this.mag === Number.NEGATIVE_INFINITY || this.layer === Number.NEGATIVE_INFINITY) {
+    if (this.mag === Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY || this.layer === Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY) {
       return this.sign === 1 ? "Infinity" : "-Infinity";
     }
 
@@ -2192,57 +2229,57 @@ export default class Decimal {
   /**
    * Rounds the Decimal it's called on to the nearest integer.
    */
-  public round(): this | Decimal {
+  public round(): Decimal {
     if (this.mag < 0) {
-      return Decimal.dZero;
+      return FC_NN(0, 0, 0);
     }
     if (this.layer === 0) {
       return FC(this.sign, 0, Math.round(this.mag));
     }
-    return this;
+    return new Decimal(this);
   }
 
   /**
    * "Rounds" the Decimal it's called on to the nearest integer that's less than or equal to it.
    */
-  public floor(): this | Decimal {
+  public floor(): Decimal {
     if (this.mag < 0) {
-      if (this.sign === -1) return Decimal.dNegOne;
-      else return Decimal.dZero;
+      if (this.sign === -1) return FC_NN(-1, 0, 1);
+      else return FC_NN(0, 0, 0);
     }
     if (this.sign === -1) return this.neg().ceil().neg();
     if (this.layer === 0) {
       return FC(this.sign, 0, Math.floor(this.mag));
     }
-    return this;
+    return new Decimal(this);
   }
 
   /**
    * "Rounds" the Decimal it's called on to the nearest integer that's greater than or equal to it.
    */
-  public ceil(): this | Decimal {
+  public ceil(): Decimal {
     if (this.mag < 0) {
-      if (this.sign === 1) return Decimal.dOne; //The ceiling function called on something tiny like 10^10^-100 should return 1, since 10^10^-100 is still greater than 0
-      else return Decimal.dZero;
+      if (this.sign === 1) return FC_NN(1, 0, 1); //The ceiling function called on something tiny like 10^10^-100 should return 1, since 10^10^-100 is still greater than 0
+      else return FC_NN(0, 0, 0);
     }
     if (this.sign === -1) return this.neg().floor().neg();
     if (this.layer === 0) {
       return FC(this.sign, 0, Math.ceil(this.mag));
     }
-    return this;
+    return new Decimal(this);
   }
 
   /**
    * Extracts the integer part of the Decimal and returns it. Behaves like floor on positive numbers, but behaves like ceiling on negative numbers.
    */
-  public trunc(): this | Decimal {
+  public trunc(): Decimal {
     if (this.mag < 0) {
-      return Decimal.dZero;
+      return FC_NN(0, 0, 0);
     }
     if (this.layer === 0) {
       return FC(this.sign, 0, Math.trunc(this.mag));
     }
-    return this;
+    return new Decimal(this);
   }
 
   /**
@@ -2251,20 +2288,25 @@ export default class Decimal {
   public add(value: DecimalSource): this | Decimal {
     const decimal = D(value);
 
+    //Infinity + -Infinity = NaN
+    if ((this.eq(Decimal.dInf) && decimal.eq(Decimal.dNegInf)) || (this.eq(Decimal.dNegInf) && decimal.eq(Decimal.dInf))) {
+      return FC_NN(Number.NaN, Number.NaN, Number.NaN);
+    }
+
     //inf/nan check
     if (!Number.isFinite(this.layer)) {
-      return this;
+      return new Decimal(this);
     }
     if (!Number.isFinite(decimal.layer)) {
-      return decimal;
+      return new Decimal(decimal);
     }
 
     //Special case - if one of the numbers is 0, return the other number.
     if (this.sign === 0) {
-      return decimal;
+      return new Decimal(decimal);
     }
     if (decimal.sign === 0) {
-      return this;
+      return new Decimal(this);
     }
 
     //Special case - Adding a number to its negation produces 0, no matter how large.
@@ -2281,11 +2323,11 @@ export default class Decimal {
     }
 
     if (Decimal.cmpabs(this, decimal) > 0) {
-      a = this;
-      b = decimal;
+      a = new Decimal(this);
+      b = new Decimal(decimal);
     } else {
-      a = decimal;
-      b = this;
+      a = new Decimal(decimal);
+      b = new Decimal(this);
     }
 
     if (a.layer === 0 && b.layer === 0) {
@@ -2365,12 +2407,22 @@ export default class Decimal {
   public mul(value: DecimalSource): Decimal {
     const decimal = D(value);
 
+    // Infinity * -Infinity = -Infinity
+    if ((this.eq(Decimal.dInf) && decimal.eq(Decimal.dNegInf)) || (this.eq(Decimal.dNegInf) && decimal.eq(Decimal.dInf))) {
+      return FC_NN(-1, Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY, Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY);
+    }
+
+    //Infinity * 0 = NaN
+    if ((this.mag == Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY && decimal.eq(Decimal.dZero)) || (this.eq(Decimal.dZero) && this.mag == Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY)) {
+      return FC_NN(Number.NaN, Number.NaN, Number.NaN);
+    }
+
     //inf/nan check
     if (!Number.isFinite(this.layer)) {
-      return this;
+      return new Decimal(this);
     }
     if (!Number.isFinite(decimal.layer)) {
-      return decimal;
+      return new Decimal(decimal);
     }
 
     //Special case - if one of the numbers is 0, return 0.
@@ -2391,11 +2443,11 @@ export default class Decimal {
       this.layer > decimal.layer ||
       (this.layer == decimal.layer && Math.abs(this.mag) > Math.abs(decimal.mag))
     ) {
-      a = this;
-      b = decimal;
+      a = new Decimal(this);
+      b = new Decimal(decimal);
     } else {
-      a = decimal;
-      b = this;
+      a = new Decimal(decimal);
+      b = new Decimal(this);
     }
 
     if (a.layer === 0 && b.layer === 0) {
@@ -2480,8 +2532,12 @@ export default class Decimal {
    */
   public recip(): Decimal {
     if (this.mag === 0) {
-      return Decimal.dNaN;
-    } else if (this.layer === 0) {
+      return FC_NN(Number.NaN, Number.NaN, Number.NaN);
+    } 
+    else if (this.mag === Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY) {
+      return FC_NN(0, 0, 0);
+    }
+    else if (this.layer === 0) {
       return FC(this.sign, 0, 1 / this.mag);
     } else {
       return FC(this.sign, this.layer, -this.mag);
@@ -2510,7 +2566,7 @@ export default class Decimal {
   public mod(value: DecimalSource): Decimal {
     const decimal = D(value).abs();
 
-    if (decimal.eq(Decimal.dZero)) return Decimal.dZero;
+    if (decimal.eq(Decimal.dZero)) return FC_NN(0, 0, 0);
     const num_this = this.toNumber();
     const num_decimal = decimal.toNumber();
     //Special case: To avoid precision issues, if both numbers are valid JS numbers, just call % on those
@@ -2519,11 +2575,11 @@ export default class Decimal {
     }
     if (this.sub(decimal).eq(this)) {
       //decimal is too small to register to this
-      return Decimal.dZero;
+      return FC_NN(0, 0, 0);
     }
     if (decimal.sub(this).eq(decimal)) {
       //this is too small to register to decimal
-      return this;
+      return new Decimal(this);
     }
     if (this.sign == -1) return this.abs().mod(decimal).neg();
     return this.sub(this.div(decimal).floor().mul(decimal));
@@ -2665,7 +2721,7 @@ export default class Decimal {
    */
   public max(value: DecimalSource): Decimal {
     const decimal = D(value);
-    return this.lt(decimal) ? decimal : this;
+    return this.lt(decimal) ? new Decimal(decimal) : new Decimal(this);
   }
 
   /**
@@ -2673,7 +2729,7 @@ export default class Decimal {
    */
   public min(value: DecimalSource): Decimal {
     const decimal = D(value);
-    return this.gt(decimal) ? decimal : this;
+    return this.gt(decimal) ? new Decimal(decimal) : new Decimal(this);
   }
 
   /**
@@ -2681,7 +2737,7 @@ export default class Decimal {
    */
   public maxabs(value: DecimalSource): Decimal {
     const decimal = D(value);
-    return this.cmpabs(decimal) < 0 ? decimal : this;
+    return this.cmpabs(decimal) < 0 ? new Decimal(decimal) : new Decimal(this);
   }
 
   /**
@@ -2689,7 +2745,7 @@ export default class Decimal {
    */
   public minabs(value: DecimalSource): Decimal {
     const decimal = D(value);
-    return this.cmpabs(decimal) > 0 ? decimal : this;
+    return this.cmpabs(decimal) > 0 ? new Decimal(decimal) : new Decimal(this);
   }
 
   /**
@@ -2850,7 +2906,7 @@ export default class Decimal {
    */
   public pLog10(): Decimal {
     if (this.lt(Decimal.dZero)) {
-      return Decimal.dZero;
+      return FC_NN(0, 0, 0);
     }
     return this.log10();
   }
@@ -2860,7 +2916,7 @@ export default class Decimal {
    */
   public absLog10(): Decimal {
     if (this.sign === 0) {
-      return Decimal.dNaN;
+      return FC_NN(Number.NaN, Number.NaN, Number.NaN);
     } else if (this.layer > 0) {
       return FC(Math.sign(this.mag), this.layer - 1, Math.abs(this.mag));
     } else {
@@ -2874,7 +2930,7 @@ export default class Decimal {
    */
   public log10(): Decimal {
     if (this.sign <= 0) {
-      return Decimal.dNaN;
+      return FC_NN(Number.NaN, Number.NaN, Number.NaN);
     } else if (this.layer > 0) {
       return FC(Math.sign(this.mag), this.layer - 1, Math.abs(this.mag));
     } else {
@@ -2888,13 +2944,13 @@ export default class Decimal {
   public log(base: DecimalSource): Decimal {
     base = D(base);
     if (this.sign <= 0) {
-      return Decimal.dNaN;
+      return FC_NN(Number.NaN, Number.NaN, Number.NaN);
     }
     if (base.sign <= 0) {
-      return Decimal.dNaN;
+      return FC_NN(Number.NaN, Number.NaN, Number.NaN);
     }
     if (base.sign === 1 && base.layer === 0 && base.mag === 1) {
-      return Decimal.dNaN;
+      return FC_NN(Number.NaN, Number.NaN, Number.NaN);
     } else if (this.layer === 0 && base.layer === 0) {
       return FC(this.sign, 0, Math.log(this.mag) / Math.log(base.mag));
     }
@@ -2907,7 +2963,7 @@ export default class Decimal {
    */
   public log2(): Decimal {
     if (this.sign <= 0) {
-      return Decimal.dNaN;
+      return FC_NN(Number.NaN, Number.NaN, Number.NaN);
     } else if (this.layer === 0) {
       return FC(this.sign, 0, Math.log2(this.mag));
     } else if (this.layer === 1) {
@@ -2924,7 +2980,7 @@ export default class Decimal {
    */
   public ln(): Decimal {
     if (this.sign <= 0) {
-      return Decimal.dNaN;
+      return FC_NN(Number.NaN, Number.NaN, Number.NaN);
     } else if (this.layer === 0) {
       return FC(this.sign, 0, Math.log(this.mag));
     } else if (this.layer === 1) {
@@ -2948,8 +3004,8 @@ export default class Decimal {
    */
   public pow(value: DecimalSource): Decimal {
     const decimal = D(value);
-    const a = this;
-    const b = decimal;
+    const a = new Decimal(this);
+    const b = new Decimal(decimal);
 
     //special case: if a is 0, then return 0 (UNLESS b is 0, then return 1)
     if (a.sign === 0) {
@@ -2976,7 +3032,7 @@ export default class Decimal {
       } else if (Math.abs(b.toNumber() % 2) % 2 === 0) {
         return result;
       }
-      return Decimal.dNaN;
+      return FC_NN(Number.NaN, Number.NaN, Number.NaN);
     }
 
     return result;
@@ -2994,11 +3050,17 @@ export default class Decimal {
     4) negative sign, negative mag (-e-15, -ee-15): layer 0 case would have been handled in the Math.pow check, so just return 1
     */
 
+    if (this.eq(Decimal.dInf)) {
+      return FC_NN(1, Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY, Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY);
+    }
+    if (this.eq(Decimal.dNegInf)) {
+      return FC_NN(0, 0, 0);
+    }
     if (!Number.isFinite(this.layer) || !Number.isFinite(this.mag)) {
-      return Decimal.dNaN;
+      return FC_NN(Number.NaN, Number.NaN, Number.NaN);
     }
 
-    let a: Decimal = this;
+    let a: Decimal = new Decimal(this);
 
     //handle layer 0 case - if no precision is lost just use Math.pow, else promote one layer
     if (a.layer === 0) {
@@ -3007,7 +3069,7 @@ export default class Decimal {
         return FC(1, 0, newmag);
       } else {
         if (a.sign === 0) {
-          return Decimal.dOne;
+          return FC_NN(1, 0, 1);
         } else {
           a = FC_NN(a.sign, a.layer + 1, Math.log10(a.mag));
         }
@@ -3022,7 +3084,7 @@ export default class Decimal {
       return FC(-a.sign, a.layer + 1, -a.mag);
     }
     //both the negative mag cases are identical: one +/- rounding error
-    return Decimal.dOne;
+    return FC_NN(1, 0, 1);
   }
 
   /**
@@ -3122,7 +3184,7 @@ export default class Decimal {
    */
   public exp(): Decimal {
     if (this.mag < 0) {
-      return Decimal.dOne;
+      return FC_NN(1, 0, 1);
     }
     if (this.layer === 0 && this.mag <= 709.7) {
       return Decimal.fromNumber(Math.exp(this.sign * this.mag));
@@ -3195,7 +3257,7 @@ export default class Decimal {
     }
     //1^^x == 1
     if (this.eq(Decimal.dOne)) {
-      return Decimal.dOne;
+      return FC_NN(1, 0, 1);
     }
     //-1^^x == -1
     if (this.eq(-1)) {
@@ -3206,21 +3268,27 @@ export default class Decimal {
       const this_num = this.toNumber();
       //within the convergence range?
       if (this_num <= 1.44466786100976613366 && this_num >= 0.06598803584531253708) {
+        const negln = Decimal.ln(this).neg();
+        //For bases above 1, b^x = x has two solutions. The lower solution is a stable equilibrium, the upper solution is an unstable equilibrium.
+        let lower = negln.lambertw().div(negln);
+        // However, if the base is below 1, there's only the stable equilibrium solution.
+        if (this_num < 1) return lower;
+        let upper = negln.lambertw(false).div(negln);
         //hotfix for the very edge of the number range not being handled properly
         if (this_num > 1.444667861009099) {
-          return Decimal.fromNumber(Math.E);
+          lower = upper = Decimal.fromNumber(Math.E);
         }
-        //Formula for infinite height power tower.
-        const negln = Decimal.ln(this).neg();
-        return negln.lambertw().div(negln);
+        payload = D(payload);
+        if (payload.eq(upper)) return upper;
+        else if (payload.lt(upper)) return lower;
+        else return FC_NN(1, Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY, Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY);
       } else if (this_num > 1.44466786100976613366) {
         //explodes to infinity
-        // TODO: replace this with Decimal.dInf
-        return Decimal.fromNumber(Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY);
+        return FC_NN(1, Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY, Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY);
       } else {
         //0.06598803584531253708 > this_num >= 0: never converges
         //this_num < 0: quickly becomes a complex number
-        return Decimal.dNaN;
+        return FC_NN(Number.NaN, Number.NaN, Number.NaN);
       }
     }
 
@@ -3238,15 +3306,18 @@ export default class Decimal {
       return Decimal.iteratedlog(payload, this, -height, linear);
     }
 
-    payload = D(payload);
+    payload = new Decimal(payload);
     const oldheight = height;
     height = Math.trunc(height);
     const fracheight = oldheight - height;
 
-    if (this.gt(Decimal.dZero) && this.lte(1.44466786100976613366) && (oldheight > 10000 || !linear)) {
-      //similar to 0^^n, flip-flops between two values, converging slowly (or if it's below 0.06598803584531253708, never. so once again, the fractional part at the end will be a linear approximation (TODO: again pending knowledge of how to approximate better, although tbh I think it should in reality just be NaN)
-      height = Math.min(10000, height);
-      for (let i = 0; i < height; ++i) {
+    if (this.gt(Decimal.dZero) && (this.lt(1) || (this.lte(1.44466786100976613366) && payload.lte(Decimal.ln(this).neg().lambertw(false).div(Decimal.ln(this).neg())))) && (oldheight > 10000 || !linear)) {
+      //similar to 0^^n, flip-flops between two values, converging slowly (or if it's below 0.06598803584531253708, never). So once again, the fractional part at the beginning will be a linear approximation (TODO: again pending knowledge of how to approximate better, although tbh I think it should in reality just be NaN)
+      const limitheight = Math.min(10000, height);
+      if (payload.eq(Decimal.dOne)) payload = this.pow(fracheight);
+      else if (this.lt(1)) payload = payload.pow(1 - fracheight).mul(this.pow(payload).pow(fracheight));
+      else payload = payload.layeradd(fracheight, this);
+      for (let i = 0; i < limitheight; ++i) {
         const old_payload: Decimal = payload;
         payload = this.pow(payload);
         //stop early if we converge
@@ -3254,14 +3325,8 @@ export default class Decimal {
           return payload;
         }
       }
-      if (fracheight != 0 || oldheight > 10000) {
-        const next_payload = this.pow(payload);
-        if (oldheight <= 10000 || Math.ceil(oldheight) % 2 == 0) {
-          return payload.mul(1 - fracheight).add(next_payload.mul(fracheight));
-        }
-        else {
-          return payload.mul(fracheight).add(next_payload.mul(1 - fracheight));
-        }
+      if (oldheight > 10000 && Math.ceil(oldheight) % 2 == 1) {
+        return this.pow(payload);
       }
       return payload;
     }
@@ -3284,7 +3349,11 @@ export default class Decimal {
       } else {
         if (this.eq(10)) {
           payload = payload.layeradd10(fracheight, linear);
-        } else {
+        }
+        else if (this.lt(1)) {
+          payload = payload.pow(1 - fracheight).mul(this.pow(payload).pow(fracheight));
+        } 
+        else {
           payload = payload.layeradd(fracheight, this, linear);
         }
       }
@@ -3363,7 +3432,7 @@ export default class Decimal {
     if (fraction > 0 && fraction < 1) {
       if (base.eq(10)) {
         result = result.layeradd10(-fraction, linear);
-      } else {
+      } else { //I have no clue what a fractional times on a base below 1 should even mean, so I'm not going to bother - just let it be NaN (TODO: come up with what the answer actually should be)
         result = result.layeradd(-fraction, base, linear);
       }
     }
@@ -3421,28 +3490,34 @@ export default class Decimal {
     //special cases:
     //slog base 0 or lower is NaN
     if (base.lte(Decimal.dZero)) {
-      return Decimal.dNaN;
+      return FC_NN(Number.NaN, Number.NaN, Number.NaN);
     }
     //slog base 1 is NaN
     if (base.eq(Decimal.dOne)) {
-      return Decimal.dNaN;
+      return FC_NN(Number.NaN, Number.NaN, Number.NaN);
     }
     //need to handle these small, wobbling bases specially
     if (base.lt(Decimal.dOne)) {
       if (this.eq(Decimal.dOne)) {
-        return Decimal.dZero;
+        return FC_NN(0, 0, 0);
       }
       if (this.eq(Decimal.dZero)) {
-        return Decimal.dNegOne;
+        return FC_NN(-1, 0, 1);
       }
       //0 < this < 1: ambiguous (happens multiple times)
       //this < 0: impossible (as far as I can tell)
       //this > 1: partially complex (http://myweb.astate.edu/wpaulsen/tetcalc/tetcalc.html base 0.25 for proof)
-      return Decimal.dNaN;
+      return FC_NN(Number.NaN, Number.NaN, Number.NaN);
     }
     //slog_n(0) is -1
     if (this.mag < 0 || this.eq(Decimal.dZero)) {
-      return Decimal.dNegOne;
+      return FC_NN(-1, 0, 1);
+    }
+    if (base.lt(1.44466786100976613366)) {
+      const negln = Decimal.ln(base).neg();
+      let infTower = negln.lambertw().div(negln);
+      if (this.eq(infTower)) return FC_NN(1, Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY, Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY);
+      if (this.gt(infTower)) return FC_NN(Number.NaN, Number.NaN, Number.NaN);
     }
 
     let result = 0;
@@ -3618,12 +3693,30 @@ export default class Decimal {
    * Analytic approximation is not currently supported for bases > 10.
    */
   public layeradd(diff: number, base: DecimalSource, linear = false): Decimal {
-    const slogthis = this.slog(base).toNumber();
+    let baseD = D(base);
+    if (baseD.gt(1) && baseD.lte(1.44466786100976613366)) {
+      const excessSlog = Decimal.excess_slog(this, base, linear);
+      const slogthis = excessSlog[0].toNumber();
+      const range = excessSlog[1];
+      const slogdest = slogthis + diff;
+      const negln = Decimal.ln(base).neg();
+      let lower = negln.lambertw().div(negln);
+      let upper = negln.lambertw(false).div(negln);
+      let slogzero = Decimal.dOne;
+      if (range == 1) slogzero = lower.mul(upper).sqrt();
+      else if (range == 2) slogzero = upper.mul(2);
+      let slogone = baseD.pow(slogzero);
+      let wholeheight = Math.floor(slogdest);
+      let fracheight = slogdest - wholeheight;
+      let towertop = slogzero.pow(1 - fracheight).mul(slogone.pow(fracheight));
+      return Decimal.tetrate(baseD, wholeheight, towertop, linear); //wholediff is a whole number so this is safe even if it ends up calling iteratedlog
+    }
+    const slogthis = this.slog(base, 100, linear).toNumber();
     const slogdest = slogthis + diff;
     if (slogdest >= 0) {
       return Decimal.tetrate(base, slogdest, Decimal.dOne, linear);
     } else if (!Number.isFinite(slogdest)) {
-      return Decimal.dNaN;
+      return FC_NN(Number.NaN, Number.NaN, Number.NaN);
     } else if (slogdest >= -1) {
       return Decimal.log(Decimal.tetrate(base, slogdest + 1, Decimal.dOne, linear), base);
     } else {
@@ -3631,28 +3724,163 @@ export default class Decimal {
     }
   }
 
+  //Apparently having something be private but not static breaks everything
+  /**
+   * A strange version of slog for bases between 1 and e^1/e which can handle values above base^^Infinity.
+   * Returns a pair of a Decimal and a number, with the number always being 0, 1, or 2. The number indicates what range we're in:
+   * 0 means we're below the lower solution of b^x = x, and so the normal slog is used.
+   * 1 means we're between the two solutions of b^x = x, with the geometric mean of the two solutions arbitrarily chosen to be the value with a slog of 0.
+   * 2 means we're above the upper solution of b^x = x, with (upper solution * 2) arbitrarily chosen to be the value with a slog of 0.
+   * 
+   * The values returned by this function don't really have much mathematical meaning, but the difference between two values does.
+   * Therefore, this function is kept private, but it's used for layeradd on these small bases.
+   */
+  private static excess_slog(value : DecimalSource, base : DecimalSource, linear = false) : [Decimal, 0 | 1 | 2] {
+    value = D(value);
+    base = D(base);
+    let baseD = base;
+    base = base.toNumber();
+    if (base == 1 || base <= 0) return [FC_NN(Number.NaN, Number.NaN, Number.NaN), 0];
+    if (base > 1.44466786100976613366) return [value.slog(base, 100, linear), 0];
+    const negln = Decimal.ln(base).neg();
+    let lower = negln.lambertw().div(negln);
+    let upper = Decimal.dInf;
+    if (base > 1) upper = negln.lambertw(false).div(negln);
+    if (base > 1.444667861009099) {
+      lower = upper = Decimal.fromNumber(Math.E);
+    }
+    if (value.lt(lower)) return [value.slog(base, 100, linear), 0];
+    if (value.eq(lower)) return [FC_NN(1, Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY, Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY), 0];
+    if (value.eq(upper)) return [FC_NN(1, Number.NEGATIVE_INFINITY, Number.NEGATIVE_INFINITY), 2];
+    if (value.gt(upper)) {
+      let slogzero = upper.mul(2);
+      let slogone = baseD.pow(slogzero);
+      let estimate = 0;
+      if (value.gte(slogzero) && value.lt(slogone)) estimate = 0;
+      else if (value.gte(slogone)) {
+        let payload = slogone;
+        estimate = 1;
+        while (payload.lt(value)) {
+          payload = baseD.pow(payload);
+          estimate = estimate + 1;
+          if (payload.layer > 3) {
+            let layersleft = Math.floor(value.layer - payload.layer + 1);
+            payload = baseD.iteratedexp(layersleft, payload, linear);
+            estimate = estimate + layersleft;
+          }
+        }
+        if (payload.gt(value)) {
+          payload = payload.log(base);
+          estimate = estimate - 1;
+        }
+      }
+      else if (value.lt(slogzero)) {
+        let payload = slogzero;
+        estimate = 0;
+        while (payload.gt(value)) {
+          payload = payload.log(base);
+          estimate = estimate - 1;
+        }
+      }
+      let fracheight = 0;
+      let tested = 0;
+      let step_size = 0.5;
+      let towertop = slogzero;
+      let guess : Decimal = Decimal.dZero;
+      while (step_size > 1e-16) {
+        tested = fracheight + step_size;
+        towertop = slogzero.pow(1 - tested).mul(slogone.pow(tested)) //Weighted geometric average
+        guess = Decimal.iteratedexp(base, estimate, towertop);
+        if (guess.eq(value)) return [new Decimal(estimate + tested), 2];
+        else if (guess.lt(value)) fracheight += step_size;
+        step_size /= 2;
+      }
+      if (guess.neq_tolerance(value, 1e-7)) return [FC_NN(Number.NaN, Number.NaN, Number.NaN), 0];
+      return [new Decimal(estimate + fracheight), 2];
+    }
+    if (value.lt(upper) && value.gt(lower)) {
+      let slogzero = lower.mul(upper).sqrt(); //Geometric mean of the two b^x = x solutions
+      let slogone = baseD.pow(slogzero);
+      let estimate = 0;
+      if (value.lte(slogzero) && value.gt(slogone)) estimate = 0;
+      else if (value.lte(slogone)) {
+        let payload = slogone;
+        estimate = 1;
+        while (payload.gt(value)) {
+          payload = baseD.pow(payload);
+          estimate = estimate + 1;
+        }
+        if (payload.lt(value)) {
+          payload = payload.log(base);
+          estimate = estimate - 1;
+        }
+      }
+      else if (value.gt(slogzero)) {
+        let payload = slogzero;
+        estimate = 0;
+        while (payload.lt(value)) {
+          payload = payload.log(base);
+          estimate = estimate - 1;
+        }
+      }
+      let fracheight = 0;
+      let tested = 0;
+      let step_size = 0.5;
+      let towertop = slogzero;
+      let guess : Decimal = Decimal.dZero;
+      while (step_size > 1e-16) {
+        tested = fracheight + step_size;
+        towertop = slogzero.pow(1 - tested).mul(slogone.pow(tested)) //Weighted geometric average
+        guess = Decimal.iteratedexp(base, estimate, towertop);
+        if (guess.eq(value)) return [new Decimal(estimate + tested), 1];
+        else if (guess.gt(value)) fracheight += step_size;
+        step_size /= 2;
+      }
+      if (guess.neq_tolerance(value, 1e-7)) return [FC_NN(Number.NaN, Number.NaN, Number.NaN), 0];
+      return [new Decimal(estimate + fracheight), 1];
+    }
+    throw new Error("Unhandled behavior in excess_slog");
+  }
+
   /**
    * The Lambert W function, also called the omega function or product logarithm, is the solution W(x) === x*e^x.
-   * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lambert_W_function 
+   * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lambert_W_function
+   * 
+   * This is a multi-valued function in the complex plane, but only two branches matter for real numbers: the "principal branch" W0, and the "non-principal branch" W_-1.
+   * W_0 works for any number >= -1/e, but W_-1 only works for nonpositive numbers >= -1/e.
+   * The "principal" parameter, which is true by default, decides which branch we're looking for: W_0 is used if principal is true, W_-1 is used if principal is false.
    */
   //Some special values, for testing: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lambert_W_function#Special_values
-  public lambertw(): Decimal {
+  public lambertw(principal = true): Decimal {
     if (this.lt(-0.3678794411710499)) {
-      throw Error("lambertw is unimplemented for results less than -1, sorry!");
-    } else if (this.mag < 0) {
-      return Decimal.fromNumber(f_lambertw(this.toNumber()));
-    } else if (this.layer === 0) {
-      return Decimal.fromNumber(f_lambertw(this.sign * this.mag));
-    } else if (this.layer === 1) {
-      return d_lambertw(this);
-    } else if (this.layer === 2) {
-      return d_lambertw(this);
+      return FC_NN(Number.NaN, Number.NaN, Number.NaN); //complex
+    }
+    else if (principal) {
+      if (this.abs().lt("1e-300")) return new Decimal(this);
+      else if (this.mag < 0) {
+        return Decimal.fromNumber(f_lambertw(this.toNumber()));
+      } else if (this.layer === 0) {
+        return Decimal.fromNumber(f_lambertw(this.sign * this.mag));
+      } else if (this.lt("eee15")) {
+        return d_lambertw(this);
+      } else { // Numbers this large would sometimes fail to converge using d_lambertw, and at this size this.ln() is close enough
+        return this.ln();
+      }
     }
-    if (this.layer >= 3) {
-      return FC_NN(this.sign, this.layer - 1, this.mag);
+    else {
+      if (this.sign === 1) {
+        return FC_NN(Number.NaN, Number.NaN, Number.NaN); //complex
+      }
+      if (this.layer === 0) {
+        return Decimal.fromNumber(f_lambertw(this.sign * this.mag, 1e-10, false));
+      }
+      else if (this.layer == 1) {
+        return d_lambertw(this, 1e-10, false);
+      }
+      else {
+        return this.neg().recip().lambertw().neg();
+      }
     }
-
-    throw "Unhandled behavior in lambertw()";
   }
 
   /**
@@ -3676,10 +3904,10 @@ export default class Decimal {
       return this;
     }
     if (this.eq(Decimal.dInf)) {
-      return Decimal.dInf;
+      return FC_NN(1, Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY, Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY);
     }
     if (!this.isFinite()) {
-      return Decimal.dNaN;
+      return FC_NN(Number.NaN, Number.NaN, Number.NaN);
     }
     //Using linear approximation, x^^n = x^n if 0 < n < 1
     if (degree > 0 && degree < 1) {
@@ -3691,7 +3919,7 @@ export default class Decimal {
     }
     //Super roots with -1 <= degree < 0 have either no solution or infinitely many solutions, and tetration with height <= -2 returns NaN, so super roots of degree <= -2 don't work
     if (degree <= 0) {
-      return Decimal.dNaN;
+      return FC_NN(Number.NaN, Number.NaN, Number.NaN);
     }
     //Infinite degree super-root is x^(1/x) between 1/e <= x <= e, undefined otherwise
     if (degree == Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY) {
@@ -3700,21 +3928,21 @@ export default class Decimal {
         return this.pow(this.recip());
       }
       else {
-        return Decimal.dNaN;
+        return FC_NN(Number.NaN, Number.NaN, Number.NaN);
       }
     }
     //Special case: any super-root of 1 is 1
     if (this.eq(1)) {
-      return Decimal.dOne;
+      return FC_NN(1, 0, 1);
     }
     //TODO: base < 0 (It'll probably be NaN anyway)
     if (this.lt(0)) {
-      return Decimal.dNaN;
+      return FC_NN(Number.NaN, Number.NaN, Number.NaN);
     }
     //Treat all numbers of layer <= -2 as zero, because they effectively are
     if (this.lte("1ee-16")) {
-      if (degree % 2 == 1) return this;
-      else return Decimal.dNaN;
+      if (degree % 2 == 1) return new Decimal(this);
+      else return FC_NN(Number.NaN, Number.NaN, Number.NaN);
     }
     //this > 1
     if (this.gt(1)) {
@@ -3927,7 +4155,7 @@ export default class Decimal {
         else lower = guess;
         if (guess.eq(previous)) loopGoing = false;
         else previous = guess;
-        if (upper.gt("1e18")) return Decimal.dNaN;
+        if (upper.gt("1e18")) return FC_NN(Number.NaN, Number.NaN, Number.NaN);
       }
       //using guess.neq(minimum) led to imprecision errors, so here's a fixed version of that
       if (!(guess.eq_tolerance(minimum, 1e-15))) {
@@ -3938,7 +4166,7 @@ export default class Decimal {
         //Check if the root is in the zero range.
         if (maximum.eq(FC(1, 10, 1))) {
           //There is no zero range, so the super root doesn't exist
-          return Decimal.dNaN;
+          return FC_NN(Number.NaN, Number.NaN, Number.NaN);
         }
         lower = FC(1, 10, 1);
         upper = maximum;
@@ -3952,7 +4180,7 @@ export default class Decimal {
           else lower = guess;
           if (guess.eq(previous)) loopGoing = false;
           else previous = guess;
-          if (upper.gt("1e18")) return Decimal.dNaN;
+          if (upper.gt("1e18")) return FC_NN(Number.NaN, Number.NaN, Number.NaN);
         }
         return guess.pow10().recip();
       }
@@ -3971,7 +4199,7 @@ export default class Decimal {
    * For non-whole pentation heights, the linear approximation of pentation is always used, as there is no defined analytic approximation of pentation.
    */
   public pentate(height = 2, payload: DecimalSource = FC_NN(1, 0, 1), linear = false): Decimal {
-    payload = D(payload);
+    payload = new Decimal(payload);
     const oldheight = height;
     height = Math.trunc(height);
     const fracheight = oldheight - height;
@@ -4011,7 +4239,7 @@ export default class Decimal {
    */
   public sin(): this | Decimal {
     if (this.mag < 0) {
-      return this;
+      return new Decimal(this);
     }
     if (this.layer === 0) {
       return Decimal.fromNumber(Math.sin(this.sign * this.mag));
@@ -4024,7 +4252,7 @@ export default class Decimal {
    */
   public cos(): Decimal {
     if (this.mag < 0) {
-      return Decimal.dOne;
+      return FC_NN(1, 0, 1);
     }
     if (this.layer === 0) {
       return Decimal.fromNumber(Math.cos(this.sign * this.mag));
@@ -4037,7 +4265,7 @@ export default class Decimal {
    */
   public tan(): this | Decimal {
     if (this.mag < 0) {
-      return this;
+      return new Decimal(this);
     }
     if (this.layer === 0) {
       return Decimal.fromNumber(Math.tan(this.sign * this.mag));
@@ -4050,7 +4278,7 @@ export default class Decimal {
    */
   public asin(): this | Decimal {
     if (this.mag < 0) {
-      return this;
+      return new Decimal(this);
     }
     if (this.layer === 0) {
       return Decimal.fromNumber(Math.asin(this.sign * this.mag));
@@ -4076,7 +4304,7 @@ export default class Decimal {
    */
   public atan(): this | Decimal {
     if (this.mag < 0) {
-      return this;
+      return new Decimal(this);
     }
     if (this.layer === 0) {
       return Decimal.fromNumber(Math.atan(this.sign * this.mag));
@@ -4135,7 +4363,7 @@ export default class Decimal {
    */
   public ascensionPenalty(ascensions: DecimalSource): Decimal {
     if (ascensions === 0) {
-      return this;
+      return new Decimal(this);
     }
 
     return this.root(Decimal.pow(10, ascensions));
diff --git a/src/unit_tests.js b/src/unit_tests.js
index 1ed9ee9..a5d980f 100644
--- a/src/unit_tests.js
+++ b/src/unit_tests.js
@@ -91,8 +91,8 @@ var test_tetrate_slog = function()
     let tower = Math.random()*10 - 1;
     let round_trip = new Decimal(base).tetrate(tower).slog(base).toNumber();
     let round_trip_linear = new Decimal(base).tetrate(tower, 1, true).slog(base, 100, true).toNumber();
-    assert_eq_tolerance("Test 1: " + base + ", " + tower, round_trip, tower, base < 2 ? 1e-2 : 1e-10);
-    assert_eq_tolerance("Test 2: " + base + ", " + tower, round_trip_linear, tower, 1e-10);
+    assert_eq_tolerance("Test 1: " + base + ", " + tower + ", analytic", round_trip, tower, base < 2 ? 1e-2 : 1e-10);
+    assert_eq_tolerance("Test 2: " + base + ", " + tower + ", linear", round_trip_linear, tower, 1e-10);
   }
 }
 
@@ -105,7 +105,9 @@ var test_layeradd10_twice = function()
     var both = Math.random()*100;
     var expected = first+both+1;
     var result = new Decimal(10).layeradd10(first).layeradd10(both).slog();
-    assert_eq_tolerance(first + ", " + both, expected, result);
+    var result_linear = new Decimal(10).layeradd10(first, true).layeradd10(both, true).slog(10, 100, true);
+    assert_eq_tolerance(first + ", " + both + ", analytic", expected, result);
+    assert_eq_tolerance(first + ", " + both + ", linear", expected, result_linear);
   }
 }
 
@@ -119,7 +121,9 @@ var test_layeradd10_reverse = function()
     first += both;
     var expected = first-both+1;
     var result = new Decimal(10).layeradd10(first).layeradd10(-both).slog();
-    assert_eq_tolerance(first + ", " + both, expected, result);
+    var result_linear = new Decimal(10).layeradd10(first, true).layeradd10(-both, true).slog(10, 100, true);
+    assert_eq_tolerance(first + ", " + both + ", analytic", expected, result);
+    assert_eq_tolerance(first + ", " + both + ", linear", expected, result_linear);
   }
 }
 
@@ -133,7 +137,9 @@ var test_layeradd10_twice_anybase = function()
     var base = Math.random()*8+2;
     var expected = first+both+1;
     var result = new Decimal(base).layeradd(first, base).layeradd(both, base).slog(base);
-    assert_eq_tolerance(first + ", " + both + ", " + base, expected, result);
+    var result_linear = new Decimal(base).layeradd(first, base, true).layeradd(both, base, true).slog(base, 100, true);
+    assert_eq_tolerance(first + ", " + both + ", " + base + ", analytic", expected, result);
+    assert_eq_tolerance(first + ", " + both + ", " + base + ", linear", expected, result_linear);
   }
 }
 
@@ -148,7 +154,9 @@ var test_layeradd10_reverse_anybase = function()
     first += both;
     var expected = first-both+1;
     var result = new Decimal(base).layeradd(first, base).layeradd(-both, base).slog(base);
-    assert_eq_tolerance(first + ", " + both + ", " + base, expected, result);
+    var result_linear = new Decimal(base).layeradd(first, base, true).layeradd(-both, base, true).slog(base, 100, true);
+    assert_eq_tolerance(first + ", " + both + ", " + base + ", analytic", expected, result);
+    assert_eq_tolerance(first + ", " + both + ", " + base + ", linear", expected, result_linear);
   }
 }
 
@@ -161,7 +169,10 @@ var test_tetrate_iteratedlog = function()
     var both = Math.round((Math.random()*30))/10;
     var tetrateonly = Decimal.tetrate(10, first);
     var tetrateandlog = Decimal.tetrate(10, first+both).iteratedlog(10, both);
-    assert_eq_tolerance(first + ", " + both, tetrateonly, tetrateandlog);
+    var tetrateonly_linear = Decimal.tetrate(10, first, 1, true);
+    var tetrateandlog_linear = Decimal.tetrate(10, first+both, 1, true).iteratedlog(10, both, true);
+    assert_eq_tolerance(first + ", " + both + ", analytic", tetrateonly, tetrateandlog);
+    assert_eq_tolerance(first + ", " + both + ", linear", tetrateonly_linear, tetrateandlog_linear);
   }
 }
 
@@ -172,10 +183,14 @@ var test_tetrate_base = function()
   {
     var first = Math.round((Math.random()*30))/10;
     var both = Math.round((Math.random()*30))/10;
-    var base = Math.random()*8+2;
+    var base = Math.random()*9+1;
+    if (base == 1) base = 2;
     var tetrateonly = Decimal.tetrate(base, first);
     var tetrateandlog = Decimal.tetrate(base, first+both).iteratedlog(base, both);
-    assert_eq_tolerance(first + ", " + both + ", " + base, tetrateonly, tetrateandlog);
+    var tetrateonly_linear = Decimal.tetrate(base, first, 1, true);
+    var tetrateandlog_linear = Decimal.tetrate(base, first+both, 1, true).iteratedlog(base, both, true);
+    assert_eq_tolerance(first + ", " + both + ", " + base + ", analytic: " + tetrateonly + ", " + tetrateandlog, tetrateonly, tetrateandlog);
+    assert_eq_tolerance(first + ", " + both + ", " + base + ", linear: "  + tetrateonly_linear + ", " + tetrateandlog_linear, tetrateonly_linear, tetrateandlog_linear);
   }
 }
 
@@ -186,10 +201,14 @@ var test_tetrate_base_2 = function()
   {
     var first = Math.round((Math.random()*30))/10;
     var both = Math.round((Math.random()*30))/10;
-    var base = Math.random()*8+2;
+    var base = Math.random()*9+1;
+    if (base == 1) base = 2;
     var tetrateonly = Decimal.tetrate(base, first, base);
     var tetrateandlog = Decimal.tetrate(base, first+both, base).iteratedlog(base, both);
-    assert_eq_tolerance(first + ", " + both + ", " + base, tetrateonly, tetrateandlog);
+    var tetrateonly_linear = Decimal.tetrate(base, first, base, true);
+    var tetrateandlog_linear = Decimal.tetrate(base, first+both, base, true).iteratedlog(base, both, true);
+    assert_eq_tolerance(first + ", " + both + ", " + base + ", analytic", tetrateonly, tetrateandlog);
+    assert_eq_tolerance(first + ", " + both + ", " + base + ", linear", tetrateonly_linear, tetrateandlog_linear);
   }
 }
 
@@ -215,6 +234,17 @@ var test_lambertw_2 = function()
   }
 }
 
+var test_lambertw_3 = function()
+{
+  console.log("test_lambertw_3")
+  for (var i = 0; i < 1000; ++i)
+  {
+    var xex = Decimal.iteratedexp(10, 3, new Decimal(Math.random() * 16));
+    var x = Decimal.lambertw(xex);
+    assert_eq_tolerance(xex, xex, x.mul(Decimal.exp(x)));
+  }
+}
+
 var test_add_number = function()
 {
   console.log("test_add_number")
@@ -257,6 +287,7 @@ var test_pow_root = function()
   {
     var a = Decimal.randomDecimalForTesting(Math.round(Math.random()*4));
     var b = Decimal.randomDecimalForTesting(Math.round(Math.random()*4));
+    if (b.eq(0)) continue;
     if (Math.random() > 0.5 && a.sign !== 0) { a = a.recip(); }
     if (Math.random() > 0.5 && b.sign !== 0) { b = b.recip(); }
     var c = a.pow(b);
@@ -319,13 +350,36 @@ var test_modulo = function() {
 var test_tetrate_linear_sroot = function()
 {
   console.log("test_tetrate_linear_sroot");
+  let base = Decimal.dOne;
+  let degree = Decimal.dOne;
   for (var i = 0; i < 1000; ++i)
   {
-    let base = Decimal.dOne;
-    let degree = Decimal.dOne;
     try {
       base = Decimal.randomDecimalForTesting(Math.round(Math.random()*4));
       if (base.lt(0)) base = base.neg();
+      if (base.lt(1)) base = base.recip();
+      degree = Math.random()*10;
+      if (base.eq(0)) base = Decimal.dOne;
+      let round_trip = new Decimal(base).linear_sroot(degree).tetrate(degree, 1, true);
+      assert_eq_tolerance(base + ", " + degree + " -> " + round_trip, round_trip, base);
+    }
+    catch (err) {
+      console.log("Error in " + base + ", " + degree + ": " + err);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+var test_tetrate_linear_sroot_lt1 = function()
+{
+  console.log("test_tetrate_linear_sroot_lt1");
+  let base = Decimal.dOne;
+  let degree = Decimal.dOne;
+  for (var i = 0; i < 100; ++i)
+  {
+    try {
+      base = Decimal.randomDecimalForTesting(2);
+      if (base.lt(0)) base = base.neg();
+      if (base.gt(1)) base = base.recip();
       degree = Math.random()*10;
       if (base.eq(0)) base = Decimal.dOne;
       let round_trip = new Decimal(base).linear_sroot(degree).tetrate(degree, 1, true);
@@ -365,6 +419,114 @@ var test_ssqrt = function()
   }
 }
 
+var test_lambertw_nonPrincipal = function()
+{
+  console.log("test_lambertw_nonPrincipal")
+  for (var i = 0; i < 1000; ++i)
+  {
+    var xex = new Decimal(Math.random()*-0.3678794411710499);
+    var x = Decimal.lambertw(xex, false);
+    assert_eq_tolerance(xex, xex, x.mul(Decimal.exp(x)));
+  }
+}
+
+var test_lambertw_nonPrincipal_2 = function()
+{
+  console.log("test_lambertw_nonPrincipal_2")
+  for (var i = 0; i < 1000; ++i)
+  {
+    var xex = new Decimal(Math.exp(Math.random()*-100 - 1)).neg();
+    var x = Decimal.lambertw(xex, false);
+    assert_eq_tolerance(xex, xex, x.mul(Decimal.exp(x)));
+  }
+}
+
+var test_lambertw_nonPrincipal_3 = function()
+{
+  console.log("test_lambertw_nonPrincipal_3")
+  for (var i = 0; i < 1000; ++i)
+  {
+    var xex = Decimal.iteratedexp(10, 3, new Decimal(Math.random() * 16)).neg().recip();
+    var x = Decimal.lambertw(xex, false);
+    assert_eq_tolerance(xex, xex, x.mul(Decimal.exp(x)));
+  }
+}
+
+var test_tetrate_small_bases = function()
+{
+  console.log("test_tetrate_small_bases")
+  for (var i = 0; i < 1000; ++i)
+  {
+    var base = 1.44466786100976613366 - Math.random();
+    var negln = Decimal.ln(base).neg();
+    var lower = negln.lambertw().div(negln);
+    var upper = Decimal.dInf;
+    var payload = Decimal.pow10(Math.random() * 6 - 3);
+    if (base > 1) upper = negln.lambertw(false).div(negln);
+    var finite = Decimal.tetrate(base, 20000 + Math.random(), payload);
+    var infinite = Decimal.tetrate(base, Infinity, payload);
+    var finite_linear = Decimal.tetrate(base, 20000 + Math.random(), payload, true);
+    if (payload.gt(upper)) {
+      if (finite.lt("F10000") || infinite.lt("F10000") || finite_linear.lt("F10000")) console.log(base + " " + payload);
+    }
+    else if (payload.eq(upper)) {
+      assert_eq_tolerance(base + ", " + payload + ", finite", finite, upper);
+      assert_eq_tolerance(base + ", " + payload + ", infinite", infinite, upper);
+      assert_eq_tolerance(base + ", " + payload + ", finite linear", finite_linear, upper);
+    }
+    else {
+      assert_eq_tolerance(base + ", " + payload + ", finite", finite, lower);
+      assert_eq_tolerance(base + ", " + payload + ", infinite", infinite, lower);
+      assert_eq_tolerance(base + ", " + payload + ", finite linear", finite_linear, lower);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+var test_layeradd_recursive_property = function() {
+  console.log("test_layeradd_recursive_property")
+  for (var i = 0; i < 1000; ++i)
+  {
+    var base = 1 + Math.random() * 20;
+    var payload = new Decimal(Math.random() * 100);
+    assert_eq_tolerance(base + ", " + payload + ", analytic", payload.layeradd(1, base), Decimal.pow(base, payload));
+    assert_eq_tolerance(base + ", " + payload + ", linear", payload.layeradd(1, base, true), Decimal.pow(base, payload));
+  }
+}
+
+var test_tetrate_increasing = function() {
+  console.log("test_tetrate_increasing")
+  OuterLoop : for (var i = 0; i < 100; ++i)
+  {
+    var base = 1 + Math.random() * 5;
+    var payload = new Decimal(Math.random() * 100);
+    var height = Math.random() * 4 - 1;
+    var nextheight = height + Math.random();
+    var linear = (Math.random() > 0.5);
+    var lowertetrate = Decimal.tetrate(base, height, payload, linear);
+    var highertetrate = Decimal.tetrate(base, nextheight, payload, linear);
+    var lower = Decimal.dInf;
+    var upper = Decimal.dInf;
+    if (base < 1.44466786100976613366) {
+      var negln = Decimal.ln(base).neg();
+      lower = negln.lambertw().div(negln);
+      if (base > 1) upper = negln.lambertw(false).div(negln);
+    }
+    if (payload.eq(lower) || payload.eq(upper)) continue;
+    var decreasing = payload.gt(lower) && payload.lt(upper);
+    for (var j = 0; j < 5; j++) {
+      if ((!decreasing && highertetrate.lt(lowertetrate)) || (decreasing && highertetrate.gt(lowertetrate))) {
+        console.log(base + ", " + payload + ((linear) ? "linear" : "analytic"));
+        continue OuterLoop;
+      }
+      height = nextheight;
+      nextheight = height + Math.random();
+      linear = (Math.random() > 0.5)
+      lowertetrate = Decimal.tetrate(base, height, payload, linear);
+      highertetrate = Decimal.tetrate(base, nextheight, payload, linear);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
 var all_tests = function()
 {
   test_tetrate_ground_truth();
@@ -379,11 +541,19 @@ var all_tests = function()
   test_tetrate_base_2();
   test_lambertw();
   test_lambertw_2();
+  test_lambertw_3();
   test_add_number();
   test_mul();
   test_pow_root();
   test_tetrate_linear_truth();
   test_modulo();
   test_tetrate_linear_sroot();
+  test_tetrate_linear_sroot_lt1();
   test_ssqrt();
+  test_lambertw_nonPrincipal();
+  test_lambertw_nonPrincipal_2();
+  test_lambertw_nonPrincipal_3();
+  test_tetrate_small_bases();
+  test_layeradd_recursive_property();
+  test_tetrate_increasing();
 }
\ No newline at end of file