Migrate to released crates

[robin-nitrokey]

We should migrate to crates released on crates.io while updating to use littlefs2-core, trussed-core and the upcoming heapless release, as well as the new extension and app trait crates.

graph TD;
    heapless-bytes-->trussed-core;
    littlefs2-core-->trussed-core;
    trussed-core-->ctaphid-app;
    ctaphid-app-->ctaphid-dispatch;
    ctaphid-dispatch-->usbd-ctaphid;
    apps["apps ..."];
    extensions["extensions ..."];
    trussed-core-->extensions;
    extensions-->apps;
    trussed-core-->apps;
    ctaphid-app-->apps;
    apdu-app-->apps;
    heapless-bytes-->apps;

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