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eBGP Multihop

This page explains how to configure eBGP multihop feature when external BGP (eBGP) peers are not directly connected and multiple IP hops away.

Prerequisites

Assume you finished Getting Started.

Contents

Configuration

If eBGP neighbor "10.0.0.2" is 2 hops away, you need to configure [neighbors.ebgp-multihop.config] with multihop-ttl >= 3 in [[neighbors]] section.

[global.config]
as = 65001
router-id = "10.0.0.1"

[[neighbors]]
  [neighbors.config]
    peer-as = 65002
    neighbor-address = "10.0.0.2"
  [neighbors.ebgp-multihop.config]
    enabled = true
    multihop-ttl = 3

NOTE: eBGP Multihop feature is mututally exclusive with TTL Security. These features cannot be configured for the same neighbor.

Verification

Without eBGP multihop configuration, the default TTL for eBGP session is 1, and GoBGP cannot reach the neighbor on 2 hops away.

$ gobgpd -f gobgpd.toml
{"level":"info","msg":"gobgpd started","time":"YYYY-MM-DDTHH:mm:ss+09:00"}
{"Topic":"Config","level":"info","msg":"Finished reading the config file","time":"YYYY-MM-DDTHH:mm:ss+09:00"}
{"level":"info","msg":"Peer 10.0.0.2 is added","time":"YYYY-MM-DDTHH:mm:ss+09:00"}
{"Topic":"Peer","level":"info","msg":"Add a peer configuration for:10.0.0.2","time":"YYYY-MM-DDTHH:mm:ss+09:00"}
...(No connection)...
$ tcpdump -i ethXX tcp -v
tcpdump: listening on ethXX, link-type EN10MB (Ethernet), capture size 262144 bytes
hh:mm:ss IP (tos 0x0, ttl 1, id 19110, offset 0, flags [DF], proto TCP (6), length 60)
    10.0.0.1.xxx > 10.0.0.2.bgp: Flags [S], cksum 0x8382 (incorrect -> 0x540e), seq 31213082, win 29200, options [mss 1460,sackOK,TS val 2231484 ecr 0,nop,wscale 9], length 0
hh:mm:ss IP (tos 0x0, ttl 1, id 19111, offset 0, flags [DF], proto TCP (6), length 60)
    10.0.0.1.xxx > 10.0.0.2.bgp: Flags [S], cksum 0x8382 (incorrect -> 0x5314), seq 31213082, win 29200, options [mss 1460,sackOK,TS val 2231734 ecr 0,nop,wscale 9], length 0
hh:mm:ss IP (tos 0x0, ttl 1, id 19112, offset 0, flags [DF], proto TCP (6), length 60)
    10.0.0.1.xxx > 10.0.0.2.bgp: Flags [S], cksum 0x8382 (incorrect -> 0x511f), seq 31213082, win 29200, options [mss 1460,sackOK,TS val 2232235 ecr 0,nop,wscale 9], length 0
...(snip)...

With eBGP multihop configuration, GoBGP will set the given TTL for eBGP session and successfully connect to the neighbor on 2 hops away.

$ gobgpd -f gobgpd.toml
{"level":"info","msg":"gobgpd started","time":"YYYY-MM-DDTHH:mm:ss+09:00"}
{"Topic":"Config","level":"info","msg":"Finished reading the config file","time":"YYYY-MM-DDTHH:mm:ss+09:00"}
{"level":"info","msg":"Peer 10.0.0.2 is added","time":"YYYY-MM-DDTHH:mm:ss+09:00"}
{"Topic":"Peer","level":"info","msg":"Add a peer configuration for:10.0.0.2","time":"YYYY-MM-DDTHH:mm:ss+09:00"}
{"Key":"10.0.0.2","State":"BGP_FSM_OPENCONFIRM","Topic":"Peer","level":"info","msg":"Peer Up","time":"YYYY-MM-DDTHH:mm:ss+09:00"}
...(snip)...
$ tcpdump -i ethXX tcp -v
tcpdump: listening on ethXX, link-type EN10MB (Ethernet), capture size 262144 bytes
hh:mm:ss IP (tos 0x0, ttl 3, id 31155, offset 0, flags [DF], proto TCP (6), length 60)
    10.0.0.1.xxx > 10.0.0.2.bgp: Flags [S], cksum 0x8382 (incorrect -> 0x42a8), seq 3226540591, win 29200, options [mss 1460,sackOK,TS val 3302300 ecr 0,nop,wscale 9], length 0
hh:mm:ss IP (tos 0x0, ttl 253, id 0, offset 0, flags [DF], proto TCP (6), length 60)
    10.0.0.2.bgp > 10.0.0.1.xxx: Flags [S.], cksum 0x5dd6 (correct), seq 2536172214, ack 3226540592, win 28960, options [mss 1460,sackOK,TS val 3302301 ecr 3302300,nop,wscale 9], length 0
hh:mm:ss IP (tos 0x0, ttl 3, id 31156, offset 0, flags [DF], proto TCP (6), length 52)
    10.0.0.1.xxx > 10.0.0.2.bgp: Flags [.], cksum 0x837a (incorrect -> 0xfd89), ack 1, win 58, options [nop,nop,TS val 3302301 ecr 3302301], length 0
hh:mm:ss IP (tos 0x0, ttl 3, id 31157, offset 0, flags [DF], proto TCP (6), length 103)
    10.0.0.1.xxx > 10.0.0.2.bgp: Flags [P.], cksum 0x83ad (incorrect -> 0xd68c), seq 1:52, ack 1, win 58, options [nop,nop,TS val 3302301 ecr 3302301], length 51: BGP
	Open Message (1), length: 51
	  Version 4, my AS 65001, Holdtime 90s, ID 1.1.1.1
	  Optional parameters, length: 22
	    Option Capabilities Advertisement (2), length: 20
	      Route Refresh (2), length: 0
	      Multiprotocol Extensions (1), length: 4
		AFI IPv4 (1), SAFI Unicast (1)
	      Multiprotocol Extensions (1), length: 4
		AFI IPv6 (2), SAFI Unicast (1)
	      32-Bit AS Number (65), length: 4
		 4 Byte AS 65001
hh:mm:ss IP (tos 0x0, ttl 1, id 35114, offset 0, flags [DF], proto TCP (6), length 52)
    10.0.0.2.bgp > 10.0.0.1.xxx: Flags [.], cksum 0xfd57 (correct), ack 52, win 57, options [nop,nop,TS val 3302301 ecr 3302301], length 0
hh:mm:ss IP (tos 0x0, ttl 1, id 35115, offset 0, flags [DF], proto TCP (6), length 103)
    10.0.0.2.bgp > 10.0.0.1.xxx: Flags [P.], cksum 0xd357 (correct), seq 1:52, ack 52, win 57, options [nop,nop,TS val 3302301 ecr 3302301], length 51: BGP
	Open Message (1), length: 51
	  Version 4, my AS 65002, Holdtime 90s, ID 2.2.2.2
	  Optional parameters, length: 22
	    Option Capabilities Advertisement (2), length: 20
	      Route Refresh (2), length: 0
	      Multiprotocol Extensions (1), length: 4
		AFI IPv4 (1), SAFI Unicast (1)
	      Multiprotocol Extensions (1), length: 4
		AFI IPv6 (2), SAFI Unicast (1)
	      32-Bit AS Number (65), length: 4
		 4 Byte AS 65002
hh:mm:ss IP (tos 0x0, ttl 3, id 31158, offset 0, flags [DF], proto TCP (6), length 52)
    10.0.0.1.xxx > 10.0.0.2.bgp: Flags [.], cksum 0x837a (incorrect -> 0xfd23), ack 52, win 58, options [nop,nop,TS val 3302301 ecr 3302301], length 0
hh:mm:ss IP (tos 0x0, ttl 1, id 35117, offset 0, flags [DF], proto TCP (6), length 52)
    10.0.0.2.bgp > 10.0.0.1.xxx: Flags [.], cksum 0x837a (incorrect -> 0xfcf4), ack 71, win 57, options [nop,nop,TS val 3302311 ecr 3302301], length 0
...(snip)...