pps_gen_parport.c

/*
 * pps_gen_parport.c -- kernel parallel port PPS signal generator
 *
 *
 * Copyright (C) 2009   Alexander Gordeev <lasaine@lvk.cs.msu.su>
 *
 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
 * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
 * (at your option) any later version.
 *
 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 * GNU General Public License for more details.
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
 * Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
 */


/*
 * TODO:
 * fix issues when realtime clock is adjusted in a leap
 */

#define pr_fmt(fmt) KBUILD_MODNAME ": " fmt

#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/time.h>
#include <linux/hrtimer.h>
#include <linux/parport.h>
#include <linux/delay.h>

/*
 * This drives the parallel port strobe signal, which is line 1 on the
 * standard 25-way female connector. Ground is assumed to be line 25.
 */

#define DRVDESC "parallel port PPS signal generator"

#define SIGNAL         (polarity?PARPORT_CONTROL_STROBE:0)
#define NO_SIGNAL      (polarity?0:PARPORT_CONTROL_STROBE)

/* module parameters */

#define SEND_DELAY_MAX		333000000 /* 333 mSec, enough for a 2:1 m/s ratio */

static unsigned int send_delay = 30000;
MODULE_PARM_DESC(delay,
	"Delay between setting and dropping the signal (ns)");
module_param_named(delay, send_delay, uint, 0);

static unsigned int polarity;
MODULE_PARM_DESC(polarity,
	"Signal is on the low level (0 - default) or on the high level (1).");
module_param(polarity, uint, 0);

static unsigned int failure_iterations = 5;
MODULE_PARM_DESC(failure_iterations,
	"Number of iterations the clock source may remain unchanged.");
module_param(failure_iterations, uint, 0);

#define MAX_GETTIME_ATTEMPTS 100000
 
#define SAFETY_INTERVAL	3000	/* set the hrtimer earlier for safety (ns) */

/* internal per port structure */
struct pps_generator_pp {
	struct pardevice *pardev;	/* parport device */
	struct hrtimer timer;
	long port_write_time;		/* calibrated port write time (ns) */
};

static struct pps_generator_pp device = {
	.pardev = NULL,
};

static int attached;

/* calibrated time between a hrtimer event and the reaction */
static long hrtimer_error = SAFETY_INTERVAL;

/* the kernel hrtimer event */
static enum hrtimer_restart hrtimer_event(struct hrtimer *timer)
{
	struct timespec64 expire_time, ts1, ts2, ts3, dts;
	struct pps_generator_pp *dev;
	struct parport *port;
	long lim, delta;
	unsigned long flags;
	unsigned int i;

	/* We have to disable interrupts here. The idea is to prevent
	 * other interrupts on the same processor to introduce random
	 * lags while polling the clock. ktime_get_real_ts64() takes <1us on
	 * most machines while other interrupt handlers can take much
	 * more potentially.
	 *
	 * NB: approx time with blocked interrupts =
	 * send_delay + 3 * SAFETY_INTERVAL
	 */
	local_irq_save(flags);

	/* first of all we get the time stamp... */
	ktime_get_real_ts64(&ts1);
	expire_time = ktime_to_timespec64(hrtimer_get_softexpires(timer));
	dev = container_of(timer, struct pps_generator_pp, timer);
	lim = NSEC_PER_SEC - send_delay - dev->port_write_time;

	/* check if we are late */
	if (expire_time.tv_sec != ts1.tv_sec || ts1.tv_nsec > lim) {
		local_irq_restore(flags);
		pr_err("we are late this time %lld.%09ld\n",
				(s64)ts1.tv_sec, ts1.tv_nsec);
		goto done;
	}

	/* busy loop until the time is right for an assert edge */
	i = 0;
	do {
		ktime_get_real_ts64(&ts2);
		i++;

		/* Check if there are problems with clock source
		 * and prevent hard lockups.
		 */
		if ((i >= failure_iterations &&
			ts1.tv_sec  == ts2.tv_sec &&
			ts1.tv_nsec == ts2.tv_nsec) || i > MAX_GETTIME_ATTEMPTS)
			goto error;
	} while (expire_time.tv_sec == ts2.tv_sec && ts2.tv_nsec < lim);

/*
 * For the purpose of debugging, optionally specify that the signal is to toggle
 * rather than pulse and optionally use a static delay rather than a busy loop.
 * Also if TOGGLE is undefined but NEVER_CLEAR is defined the signal will go and
 * stay active at startup which is a good albeit crude indication that the right
 * bit is being ackled and monitored.
 */

// define TOGGLE
// define STATIC_DELAY
// define NEVER_CLEAR

	/* set the signal */
	port = dev->pardev->port;
#ifndef TOGGLE
	port->ops->write_control(port, SIGNAL);
#else
	port->ops->write_control(port, port->ops->read_control(port) ? 0 : 1);
#endif

#ifndef STATIC_DELAY
	/* busy loop until the time is right for a clear edge */
	lim = NSEC_PER_SEC - dev->port_write_time;
	i = 0;
	do {
		ktime_get_real_ts64(&ts2);
		i++;

		/* Check if there are problems with clock source
		 * and prevent hard lockups.
		 */
		if (i > MAX_GETTIME_ATTEMPTS)
			goto error;
	} while (expire_time.tv_sec == ts2.tv_sec && ts2.tv_nsec < lim);
#else
	/* Static delay until approximately the time is right for a clear edge */
	if ((send_delay / 1000) < 2000)
		udelay(send_delay / 1000); /* Some number of uSec */
	else
		mdelay(send_delay / 1000000); /* Some number of mSec */
	ktime_get_real_ts64(&ts2);
#endif

	/* unset the signal */
#ifndef TOGGLE
#ifndef NEVER_CLEAR
	port->ops->write_control(port, NO_SIGNAL);
#endif
#endif
	ktime_get_real_ts64(&ts3);

	local_irq_restore(flags);

	/* update calibrated port write time */
	dts = timespec64_sub(ts3, ts2);
	dev->port_write_time =
		(dev->port_write_time + timespec64_to_ns(&dts)) >> 1;

done:
	/* update calibrated hrtimer error */
	dts = timespec64_sub(ts1, expire_time);
	delta = timespec64_to_ns(&dts);
	/* If the new error value is bigger then the old, use the new
	 * value, if not then slowly move towards the new value. This
	 * way it should be safe in bad conditions and efficient in
	 * good conditions.
	 */
	if (delta >= hrtimer_error)
		hrtimer_error = delta;
	else
		hrtimer_error = (3 * hrtimer_error + delta) >> 2;

	/* update the hrtimer expire time */
	hrtimer_set_expires(timer,
			ktime_set(expire_time.tv_sec + 1,
				NSEC_PER_SEC - (send_delay +
				dev->port_write_time + SAFETY_INTERVAL +
				2 * hrtimer_error)));

	return HRTIMER_RESTART;
error:
	local_irq_restore(flags);
	pr_err("Clocksource unstable or not compatible with pps_gen_parport.");
	return HRTIMER_NORESTART;
}

/* calibrate port write time */
#define PORT_NTESTS_SHIFT	5
static void calibrate_port(struct pps_generator_pp *dev)
{
	struct parport *port = dev->pardev->port;
	int i;
	long acc = 0;

	for (i = 0; i < (1 << PORT_NTESTS_SHIFT); i++) {
		struct timespec64 a, b;
		unsigned long irq_flags;

		local_irq_save(irq_flags);
		ktime_get_real_ts64(&a);
		port->ops->write_control(port, NO_SIGNAL);
		ktime_get_real_ts64(&b);
		local_irq_restore(irq_flags);

		b = timespec64_sub(b, a);
		acc += timespec64_to_ns(&b);
	}

	dev->port_write_time = acc >> PORT_NTESTS_SHIFT;
	pr_info("port write takes %ldns\n", dev->port_write_time);
}

static inline ktime_t next_intr_time(struct pps_generator_pp *dev)
{
	struct timespec64 ts;

	ktime_get_real_ts64(&ts);

	return ktime_set(ts.tv_sec +
			((ts.tv_nsec > 990 * NSEC_PER_MSEC) ? 1 : 0),
			NSEC_PER_SEC - (send_delay +
			dev->port_write_time + 3 * SAFETY_INTERVAL));
}

static void parport_attach(struct parport *port)
{
	struct pardev_cb pps_cb;

	if (attached) {
		/* we already have a port */
		return;
	}

	memset(&pps_cb, 0, sizeof(pps_cb));
	pps_cb.private = &device;
	pps_cb.flags = PARPORT_FLAG_EXCL;
	device.pardev = parport_register_dev_model(port, KBUILD_MODNAME,
						   &pps_cb, 0);
	if (!device.pardev) {
		pr_err("couldn't register with %s\n", port->name);
		return;
	}

	if (parport_claim_or_block(device.pardev) < 0) {
		pr_err("couldn't claim %s\n", port->name);
		goto err_unregister_dev;
	}

	pr_info("attached to %s\n", port->name);
	attached = 1;

	calibrate_port(&device);

	hrtimer_init(&device.timer, CLOCK_REALTIME, HRTIMER_MODE_ABS);
	device.timer.function = hrtimer_event;
	hrtimer_start(&device.timer, next_intr_time(&device), HRTIMER_MODE_ABS);

	return;

err_unregister_dev:
	parport_unregister_device(device.pardev);
}

static void parport_detach(struct parport *port)
{
	if (port->cad != device.pardev)
		return;	/* not our port */

	port->ops->write_control(port, NO_SIGNAL);
	hrtimer_cancel(&device.timer);
	parport_release(device.pardev);
	parport_unregister_device(device.pardev);
}

static struct parport_driver pps_gen_parport_driver = {
	.name = KBUILD_MODNAME,
	.match_port = parport_attach,
	.detach = parport_detach,
	.devmodel = true,
};

/* module staff */

static int __init pps_gen_parport_init(void)
{
	int ret;

	pr_info(DRVDESC "\n");

	if (send_delay > SEND_DELAY_MAX) {
		pr_err("delay value should be not greater"
				" then %d\n", SEND_DELAY_MAX);
		return -EINVAL;
	}

	ret = parport_register_driver(&pps_gen_parport_driver);
	if (ret) {
		pr_err("unable to register with parport\n");
		return ret;
	}

	return  0;
}

static void __exit pps_gen_parport_exit(void)
{
	parport_unregister_driver(&pps_gen_parport_driver);
	pr_info("hrtimer avg error is %ldns\n", hrtimer_error);
}

module_init(pps_gen_parport_init);
module_exit(pps_gen_parport_exit);

MODULE_AUTHOR("Alexander Gordeev <lasaine@lvk.cs.msu.su>");
MODULE_DESCRIPTION(DRVDESC);
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");

MODULE_SOFTDEP("post: parport");