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Part 2 Database

This section will focus on:

  • Design, requirements, attributes, relationships and normalization of the db.

Design

The database design for our library system revolves around three key entities:

  • Book, Order and User and one pivot table: OrderDetails.

These entities encapsulate the basic details required by our system. Relationships are structured to ensure data integrity, querying and manipulation.

According to our system's requirements, the design will be as follows:

  • User can rent multiple Books, and Books can be rented by multiple User.
    • This interaction will be simplified by implementing an extra entity called Order.
  • Order itself is a simple entity containing only a relationship to a pivot table.

Entities and Relationships

  • Book
    • PK: book_id
    • name
    • author
      • Can be another entity but wont for simplicity
    • stock
    • price
  • User
    • PK: user_id
    • username
  • Order
    • order_id
    • FK: user_id

Pivot tables

In addition to the previous tables, we'll need to implement a pivot table in order to manage M:N relationshps:

  • Order Detail
    • PK: order_detail_id
    • FK: order_id
    • FK: book_id
    • quantity

ER Diagram

The ER-Diagram will help us visualize the relationship between entities in our database. In our bookstore system the ER-Diagram will look something similar to the following:

bookstoreER

Normalization

Normalization is performed to minimize redundancy and dependency. All in order to ensure a good structure and organization or the data.

There are three main steps to Normalization:

  • First Normal Form (1NF)
    • Each table should have a primary key and atomic columns.
  • Second Normal Form (2NF)
    • There aren't any composite primary keys nor partial dependencies.
  • Third Normal Form (3NF)
    • All columns in a table are only dependent on the primary key.

SQL Scripts

You can write (or generate) the SQL script through any tool you prefer. Stick to the previously mentioned relationships and attributes for better results.

If you're using this as a resource, more than a guide, just remember to double check your requirements.