Python/clases/1_introduccion/2_core_python.ipynb

{
 "cells": [
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "**Notas para contenedor de docker:**\n",
    "\n",
    "Comando de docker para ejecución de la nota de forma local:\n",
    "\n",
    "nota: cambiar `dir_montar` por la ruta de directorio que se desea mapear a `/datos` dentro del contenedor de docker.\n",
    "\n",
    "```\n",
    "dir_montar=<ruta completa de mi máquina a mi directorio>#aquí colocar la ruta al directorio a montar, por ejemplo: \n",
    "#dir_montar=/Users/erick/midirectorio.\n",
    "```\n",
    "\n",
    "Ejecutar:\n",
    "\n",
    "```\n",
    "VERSION=<versión imagen de docker>\n",
    "docker run --rm -v $dir_montar:/datos --name jupyterlab_prope_r_kernel_tidyverse -p 8888:8888 -d palmoreck/jupyterlab_prope_r_kernel_tidyverse:$VERSION\n",
    "\n",
    "```\n",
    "\n",
    "Ir a `localhost:8888` y escribir el password para jupyterlab: `qwerty`\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "Detener el contenedor de docker:\n",
    "\n",
    "```\n",
    "docker stop jupyterlab_prope_r_kernel_tidyverse\n",
    "```\n",
    "\n",
    "Documentación de la imagen de docker `palmoreck/jupyterlab_prope_r_kernel_tidyverse:<versión imagen de docker>` en [liga](https://github.com/palmoreck/dockerfiles/tree/master/jupyterlab/prope_r_kernel_tidyverse)\n",
    "\n",
    "\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "---"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Para ejecución de la nota usar:\n",
    "\n",
    "[docker](https://www.docker.com/) (instalación de forma **local** con [Get docker](https://docs.docker.com/install/)) y ejecutar comandos que están al inicio de la nota de forma **local**. \n",
    "\n",
    "O bien dar click en alguno de los botones siguientes:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "[![Binder](https://mybinder.org/badge_logo.svg)](https://mybinder.org/v2/gh/palmoreck/dockerfiles-for-binder/jupyterlab_prope_r_kernel_tidyverse?urlpath=lab/tree/Propedeutico/Python/clases/1_introduccion/2_core_python.ipynb) esta opción crea una máquina individual en un servidor de Google, clona el repositorio y permite la ejecución de los notebooks de jupyter."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "[![Run on Repl.it](https://repl.it/badge/github/palmoreck/dummy)](https://repl.it/languages/python3) esta opción no clona el repositorio, no ejecuta los notebooks de jupyter pero permite ejecución de instrucciones de *Python* de forma colaborativa con [repl.it](https://repl.it/). Al dar click se crearán nuevos ***repl*** debajo de sus users de ***repl.it***.\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# Revisar y ejecutar los ejemplos de la sección 1.2 del libro de texto \"Numerical Methods in Engineering with Python3\" de J. Kiusalaas"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Temas:\n",
    "\n",
    "* Variables, *strings*, tuples, listas.\n",
    "* Operadores aritméticos y operadores de comparación.\n",
    "* Condicionales.\n",
    "* Loops.\n",
    "* Conversión de tipo.\n",
    "* Funciones matemáticas.\n",
    "* Input/Output.\n",
    "* Abrir/Cerrar un archivo.\n",
    "* Control de errores.\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## *Strings*"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 1,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "string = \"Un día soleado como hoy :)\""
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 2,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'Un día soleado como hoy :)'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 2,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "string"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 3,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "string2 = \"así es!\""
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 4,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "string3 = \"\".join([string,\"\\n\", string2])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 5,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'Un día soleado como hoy :)\\nasí es!'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 5,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "string3"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 6,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Un día soleado como hoy :)\n",
      "así es!\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(string3)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 7,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "--------------------\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(\"-\"*20)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "**Seleccionando posiciones:**"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 8,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'Un dí'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 8,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "string[0:5]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 9,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'Un dí'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 9,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "string[:5]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 10,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'Un día sol'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 10,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "string[0:10]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 11,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'Un día sol'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 11,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "string[0:10:1]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 12,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'Uío'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 12,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "string[0:10:4]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 13,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'Ud l'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 13,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "string[0:10:3]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 14,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'nal'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 14,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "string[1:10:4]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 15,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Un día soleado como hoy :)\n",
      "así es!\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(string3)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 16,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "--------------------\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(\"-\"*20)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "**Usando tres dobles commilas y salto de línea\"**"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 17,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "string4 = \"\"\"Un día soleado como hoy :)\n",
    "así es!\n",
    "\"\"\""
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 18,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'Un día soleado como hoy :)\\nasí es!\\n'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 18,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "string4"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 19,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Un día soleado como hoy :)\n",
      "así es!\n",
      "\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(string4)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 20,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "['Un día soleado como hoy :)', 'así es!']"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 20,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "string4.splitlines()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 21,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "['Un', 'día', 'soleado', 'como', 'hoy', ':)', 'así', 'es!']"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 21,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "string4.split()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 22,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "k = 0"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 23,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Un día soleado como hoy :)\n",
      "0\n",
      "así es!\n",
      "1\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "for linea in string4.splitlines():\n",
    "    print(linea)\n",
    "    print(k)\n",
    "    k+=1"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Tuplas"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Una tupla en Python es una estructura de datos y puede crearse como sigue:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 24,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "(1, 2, 3)"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 24,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "(1,2,3)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 25,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "mytuple = (1, 2, 3)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 26,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "1"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 26,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "mytuple[0]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 27,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "2"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 27,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "mytuple[1]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 28,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "3"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 28,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "mytuple[2]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Otra forma es directamente con la función `tuple`:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 29,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "mytuple2 = tuple((1, \"Hola\", \"mundo!\"))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 30,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'Holamundo!'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 30,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "mytuple2[1] + mytuple2[2]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 31,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'Hola mundo!'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 31,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "mytuple2[1] + \" \" + mytuple2[2]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Podemos acceder al último elemento de una tupla con:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 32,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'mundo!'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 32,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "mytuple2[-1]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "**Una característica importante de una tupla es que no pueden modificarse sus elementos, no es mutable**."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 33,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "1"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 33,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "mytuple[0]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 34,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "ename": "TypeError",
     "evalue": "'tuple' object does not support item assignment",
     "output_type": "error",
     "traceback": [
      "\u001b[0;31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[0;31mTypeError\u001b[0m                                 Traceback (most recent call last)",
      "\u001b[0;32m<ipython-input-34-9eec7f5c1194>\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m<module>\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m----> 1\u001b[0;31m \u001b[0mmytuple\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m[\u001b[0m\u001b[0;36m0\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m]\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m=\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m-\u001b[0m\u001b[0;36m1\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[0;31mTypeError\u001b[0m: 'tuple' object does not support item assignment"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "mytuple[0] = -1"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Listas"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Una lista en Python es una estructura de datos y puede crearse como sigue:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 37,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "a = [1, \"string1\", 2]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 38,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "1"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 38,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a[0]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 39,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'string1'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 39,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a[1]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 40,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "2"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 40,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a[2]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Una lista es similar a una tupla pero **tiene la característica de ser mutable**:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 41,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "a[0] = -1"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 42,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[-1, 'string1', 2]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 42,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Otra forma de crear una lista es vía *list comprehension* ver [liga](https://realpython.com/list-comprehension-python/)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 43,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "a = [(-1)**k for k in range(4)]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 44,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[1, -1, 1, -1]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 44,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "---\n",
    "\n",
    "**Observación**\n",
    "\n",
    "Si se utiliza un *statement* de la forma `a = ((-1)**k for k in range(4))` lo que obtenemos es un [generator](https://wiki.python.org/moin/Generators)\n",
    "\n",
    "---"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 45,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "a = ((-1)**k for k in range(4))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 46,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "1\n",
      "-1\n",
      "1\n",
      "-1\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "for n in a:\n",
    "    print(n)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Diccionarios"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Creamos un diccionario con: `{}` o `dict()`"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 47,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "{'llave1': 1, 'llave2': 'string1'}\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "dic = {'llave1': 1,'llave2':'string1'}\n",
    "print(dic)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 48,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "{'key1': -1, 'key2': 'mistring'}\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "dic2 = dict([('key1', -1), ('key2', 'mistring')])\n",
    "print(dic2)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 49,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "valor guardado en la llave1: 1\n",
      "valor guardado en la llave2: string1\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "#podemos acceder a los valores\n",
    "#guardados en cada llave como sigue:\n",
    "print('valor guardado en la llave1:', dic['llave1'])\n",
    "print('valor guardado en la llave2:',dic['llave2'])\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 50,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "valor guardado en la key1: -1\n",
      "valor guardado en la key2: mistring\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print('valor guardado en la key1:', dic2['key1'])\n",
    "print('valor guardado en la key2:', dic2['key2'])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 51,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "llaves del diccionario: dict_keys(['llave1', 'llave2'])\n",
      "valores del diccionario: dict_values([1, 'string1'])\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "#imprimimos las llaves\n",
    "print('llaves del diccionario:',dic.keys())\n",
    "#imprimimos los valores:\n",
    "print('valores del diccionario:', dic.values())"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 52,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "llaves del diccionario: dict_keys(['key1', 'key2'])\n",
      "valores del diccionario: dict_values([-1, 'mistring'])\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print('llaves del diccionario:',dic2.keys())\n",
    "print('valores del diccionario:', dic2.values())"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 53,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "llave:\n",
      "llave1\n",
      "valor:\n",
      "1\n",
      "llave:\n",
      "llave2\n",
      "valor:\n",
      "string1\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "for k,v in dic.items():\n",
    "    print(\"llave:\")\n",
    "    print(k)\n",
    "    print(\"valor:\")\n",
    "    print(v)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 54,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "añadiendo pareja llave-valor al diccionario: \n",
      " {'llave1': 1, 'llave2': 'string1', 'llave3': -34}\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "#añadimos entradas a un diccionario \n",
    "#con:\n",
    "dic['llave3'] = -34\n",
    "print('añadiendo pareja llave-valor al diccionario: \\n',dic)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 55,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "añadiendo pareja llave-valor al diccionario: \n",
      " {'key1': -1, 'key2': 'mistring', 'key3': 'mistring2'}\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "dic2['key3'] = 'mistring2'\n",
    "print('añadiendo pareja llave-valor al diccionario: \\n',dic2)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 56,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "#podemos remover la llave-valor del diccionario con pop\n",
    "valor=dic.pop('llave1')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 57,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "1\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(valor)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 58,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "el diccionario: {'llave2': 'string1', 'llave3': -34}\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print('el diccionario:', dic)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 59,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "valor2=dic2.pop('key3')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 60,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "mistring2\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(valor2)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 61,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "el diccionario2: {'key1': -1, 'key2': 'mistring'}\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print('el diccionario2:', dic2)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 62,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "{2: 4, 4: 16, 6: 36}"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 62,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "{x: x**2 for x in (2, 4, 6)}"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Referencias"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "* Estructuras de datos: https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/datastructures.html \n",
    "\n",
    "* [generator](https://wiki.python.org/moin/Generators)"
   ]
  }
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