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I(...e).pipe(oe(o=>d(o,"change").pipe(m(()=>o))),Q(e[r]),m(o=>({index:e.indexOf(o),color:{media:o.getAttribute("data-md-color-media"),scheme:o.getAttribute("data-md-color-scheme"),primary:o.getAttribute("data-md-color-primary"),accent:o.getAttribute("data-md-color-accent")}})),B(1))}function Kn(e){let t=$("input",e),r=x("meta",{name:"theme-color"});document.head.appendChild(r);let o=x("meta",{name:"color-scheme"});document.head.appendChild(o);let n=$t("(prefers-color-scheme: light)");return C(()=>{let i=new g;return i.subscribe(a=>{if(document.body.setAttribute("data-md-color-switching",""),a.color.media==="(prefers-color-scheme)"){let s=matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: light)"),p=document.querySelector(s.matches?"[data-md-color-media='(prefers-color-scheme: light)']":"[data-md-color-media='(prefers-color-scheme: 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Gr=Vt(Yr());function Ga(e){e.setAttribute("data-md-copying","");let t=e.closest("[data-copy]"),r=t?t.getAttribute("data-copy"):e.innerText;return e.removeAttribute("data-md-copying"),r.trimEnd()}function Bn({alert$:e}){Gr.default.isSupported()&&new F(t=>{new Gr.default("[data-clipboard-target], [data-clipboard-text]",{text:r=>r.getAttribute("data-clipboard-text")||Ga(P(r.getAttribute("data-clipboard-target")))}).on("success",r=>t.next(r))}).pipe(E(t=>{t.trigger.focus()}),m(()=>Ee("clipboard.copied"))).subscribe(e)}function Gn(e,t){return e.protocol=t.protocol,e.hostname=t.hostname,e}function Ja(e,t){let r=new Map;for(let o of $("url",e)){let n=P("loc",o),i=[Gn(new URL(n.textContent),t)];r.set(`${i[0]}`,i);for(let a of $("[rel=alternate]",o)){let s=a.getAttribute("href");s!=null&&i.push(Gn(new URL(s),t))}}return r}function ur(e){return mn(new URL("sitemap.xml",e)).pipe(m(t=>Ja(t,new URL(e))),ve(()=>I(new Map)))}function Xa(e,t){if(!(e.target instanceof Element))return M;let 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g,o=r.pipe(X(),ne(!0));z([t.pipe(Ae(It)),r],(i,a)=>a).pipe(Z("value")).subscribe(({value:i})=>t.next({type:2,data:i})),r.pipe(Z("focus")).subscribe(({focus:i})=>{i&&Je("search",i)}),d(e.form,"reset").pipe(U(o)).subscribe(()=>e.focus());let n=P("header [for=__search]");return d(n,"click").subscribe(()=>e.focus()),ns(e,{worker$:t}).pipe(E(i=>r.next(i)),L(()=>r.complete()),m(i=>R({ref:e},i)),B(1))}function si(e,{worker$:t,query$:r}){let o=new g,n=tn(e.parentElement).pipe(v(Boolean)),i=e.parentElement,a=P(":scope > :first-child",e),s=P(":scope > :last-child",e);Ve("search").subscribe(l=>s.setAttribute("role",l?"list":"presentation")),o.pipe(ee(r),Ur(t.pipe(Ae(It)))).subscribe(([{items:l},{value:f}])=>{switch(l.length){case 0:a.textContent=f.length?Ee("search.result.none"):Ee("search.result.placeholder");break;case 1:a.textContent=Ee("search.result.one");break;default:let u=sr(l.length);a.textContent=Ee("search.result.other",u)}});let p=o.pipe(E(()=>s.innerHTML=""),b(({items:l})=>S(I(...l.slice(0,10)),I(...l.slice(10)).pipe(Ye(4),Vr(n),b(([f])=>f)))),m(Tn),pe());return p.subscribe(l=>s.appendChild(l)),p.pipe(oe(l=>{let f=fe("details",l);return typeof f=="undefined"?M:d(f,"toggle").pipe(U(o),m(()=>f))})).subscribe(l=>{l.open===!1&&l.offsetTop<=i.scrollTop&&i.scrollTo({top:l.offsetTop})}),t.pipe(v(dr),m(({data:l})=>l)).pipe(E(l=>o.next(l)),L(()=>o.complete()),m(l=>R({ref:e},l)))}function is(e,{query$:t}){return t.pipe(m(({value:r})=>{let o=xe();return o.hash="",r=r.replace(/\s+/g,"+").replace(/&/g,"%26").replace(/=/g,"%3D"),o.search=`q=${r}`,{url:o}}))}function ci(e,t){let r=new g,o=r.pipe(X(),ne(!0));return r.subscribe(({url:n})=>{e.setAttribute("data-clipboard-text",e.href),e.href=`${n}`}),d(e,"click").pipe(U(o)).subscribe(n=>n.preventDefault()),is(e,t).pipe(E(n=>r.next(n)),L(()=>r.complete()),m(n=>R({ref:e},n)))}function pi(e,{worker$:t,keyboard$:r}){let o=new g,n=Se("search-query"),i=S(d(n,"keydown"),d(n,"focus")).pipe(be(se),m(()=>n.value),K());return o.pipe(We(i),m(([{suggest:s},p])=>{let c=p.split(/([\s-]+)/);if(s!=null&&s.length&&c[c.length-1]){let l=s[s.length-1];l.startsWith(c[c.length-1])&&(c[c.length-1]=l)}else c.length=0;return c})).subscribe(s=>e.innerHTML=s.join("").replace(/\s/g," ")),r.pipe(v(({mode:s})=>s==="search")).subscribe(s=>{switch(s.type){case"ArrowRight":e.innerText.length&&n.selectionStart===n.value.length&&(n.value=e.innerText);break}}),t.pipe(v(dr),m(({data:s})=>s)).pipe(E(s=>o.next(s)),L(()=>o.complete()),m(()=>({ref:e})))}function li(e,{index$:t,keyboard$:r}){let o=ye();try{let n=ni(o.search,t),i=Se("search-query",e),a=Se("search-result",e);d(e,"click").pipe(v(({target:p})=>p instanceof Element&&!!p.closest("a"))).subscribe(()=>Je("search",!1)),r.pipe(v(({mode:p})=>p==="search")).subscribe(p=>{let c=Re();switch(p.type){case"Enter":if(c===i){let l=new Map;for(let f of $(":first-child [href]",a)){let 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z([t,r.pipe(Q(xe()),v(o=>!!o.searchParams.get("h")))]).pipe(m(([o,n])=>oi(o.config)(n.searchParams.get("h"))),m(o=>{var a;let n=new Map,i=document.createNodeIterator(e,NodeFilter.SHOW_TEXT);for(let s=i.nextNode();s;s=i.nextNode())if((a=s.parentElement)!=null&&a.offsetHeight){let p=s.textContent,c=o(p);c.length>p.length&&n.set(s,c)}for(let[s,p]of n){let{childNodes:c}=x("span",null,p);s.replaceWith(...Array.from(c))}return{ref:e,nodes:n}}))}function as(e,{viewport$:t,main$:r}){let o=e.closest(".md-grid"),n=o.offsetTop-o.parentElement.offsetTop;return z([r,t]).pipe(m(([{offset:i,height:a},{offset:{y:s}}])=>(a=a+Math.min(n,Math.max(0,s-i))-n,{height:a,locked:s>=i+n})),K((i,a)=>i.height===a.height&&i.locked===a.locked))}function Jr(e,o){var n=o,{header$:t}=n,r=io(n,["header$"]);let i=P(".md-sidebar__scrollwrap",e),{y:a}=Ue(i);return C(()=>{let s=new g,p=s.pipe(X(),ne(!0)),c=s.pipe(Le(0,me));return c.pipe(ee(t)).subscribe({next([{height:l},{height:f}]){i.style.height=`${l-2*a}px`,e.style.top=`${f}px`},complete(){i.style.height="",e.style.top=""}}),c.pipe(Ae()).subscribe(()=>{for(let l of $(".md-nav__link--active[href]",e)){if(!l.clientHeight)continue;let f=l.closest(".md-sidebar__scrollwrap");if(typeof f!="undefined"){let u=l.offsetTop-f.offsetTop,{height:h}=ce(f);f.scrollTo({top:u-h/2})}}}),ue($("label[tabindex]",e)).pipe(oe(l=>d(l,"click").pipe(be(se),m(()=>l),U(p)))).subscribe(l=>{let f=P(`[id="${l.htmlFor}"]`);P(`[aria-labelledby="${l.id}"]`).setAttribute("aria-expanded",`${f.checked}`)}),as(e,r).pipe(E(l=>s.next(l)),L(()=>s.complete()),m(l=>R({ref:e},l)))})}function fi(e,t){if(typeof t!="undefined"){let r=`https://api.github.com/repos/${e}/${t}`;return Ct(Ne(`${r}/releases/latest`).pipe(ve(()=>M),m(o=>({version:o.tag_name})),Be({})),Ne(r).pipe(ve(()=>M),m(o=>({stars:o.stargazers_count,forks:o.forks_count})),Be({}))).pipe(m(([o,n])=>R(R({},o),n)))}else{let r=`https://api.github.com/users/${e}`;return Ne(r).pipe(m(o=>({repositories:o.public_repos})),Be({}))}}function ui(e,t){let r=`https://${e}/api/v4/projects/${encodeURIComponent(t)}`;return Ne(r).pipe(ve(()=>M),m(({star_count:o,forks_count:n})=>({stars:o,forks:n})),Be({}))}function di(e){let t=e.match(/^.+github\.com\/([^/]+)\/?([^/]+)?/i);if(t){let[,r,o]=t;return fi(r,o)}if(t=e.match(/^.+?([^/]*gitlab[^/]+)\/(.+?)\/?$/i),t){let[,r,o]=t;return ui(r,o)}return M}var ss;function cs(e){return ss||(ss=C(()=>{let t=__md_get("__source",sessionStorage);if(t)return I(t);if(ae("consent").length){let o=__md_get("__consent");if(!(o&&o.github))return M}return di(e.href).pipe(E(o=>__md_set("__source",o,sessionStorage)))}).pipe(ve(()=>M),v(t=>Object.keys(t).length>0),m(t=>({facts:t})),B(1)))}function hi(e){let t=P(":scope > :last-child",e);return C(()=>{let r=new g;return 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n=t.pipe(m(({offset:{y:a}})=>a),Ye(2,1),m(([a,s])=>a>s&&s>0),K()),i=r.pipe(m(({active:a})=>a));return z([i,n]).pipe(m(([a,s])=>!(a&&s)),K(),U(o.pipe(Ce(1))),ne(!0),st({delay:250}),m(a=>({hidden:a})))}function gi(e,{viewport$:t,header$:r,main$:o,target$:n}){let i=new g,a=i.pipe(X(),ne(!0));return i.subscribe({next({hidden:s}){e.hidden=s,s?(e.setAttribute("tabindex","-1"),e.blur()):e.removeAttribute("tabindex")},complete(){e.style.top="",e.hidden=!0,e.removeAttribute("tabindex")}}),r.pipe(U(a),Z("height")).subscribe(({height:s})=>{e.style.top=`${s+16}px`}),d(e,"click").subscribe(s=>{s.preventDefault(),window.scrollTo({top:0})}),ms(e,{viewport$:t,main$:o,target$:n}).pipe(E(s=>i.next(s)),L(()=>i.complete()),m(s=>R({ref:e},s)))}function xi({document$:e,viewport$:t}){e.pipe(b(()=>$(".md-ellipsis")),oe(r=>tt(r).pipe(U(e.pipe(Ce(1))),v(o=>o),m(()=>r),Te(1))),v(r=>r.offsetWidth{let o=r.innerText,n=r.closest("a")||r;return 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o=="string"?o=document.createTextNode(o):o.parentNode&&o.parentNode.removeChild(o),r?t.insertBefore(this.previousSibling,o):t.replaceChild(o,this)}}}));function us(){return location.protocol==="file:"?wt(`${new URL("search/search_index.js",Xr.base)}`).pipe(m(()=>__index),B(1)):Ne(new URL("search/search_index.json",Xr.base))}document.documentElement.classList.remove("no-js");document.documentElement.classList.add("js");var ot=Yo(),jt=nn(),Ot=cn(jt),Zr=on(),Oe=bn(),hr=$t("(min-width: 960px)"),Si=$t("(min-width: 1220px)"),Oi=pn(),Xr=ye(),Mi=document.forms.namedItem("search")?us():Ke,eo=new g;Bn({alert$:eo});var to=new g;G("navigation.instant")&&Zn({location$:jt,viewport$:Oe,progress$:to}).subscribe(ot);var Ti;((Ti=Xr.version)==null?void 0:Ti.provider)==="mike"&&ii({document$:ot});S(jt,Ot).pipe(Ge(125)).subscribe(()=>{Je("drawer",!1),Je("search",!1)});Zr.pipe(v(({mode:e})=>e==="global")).subscribe(e=>{switch(e.type){case"p":case",":let t=fe("link[rel=prev]");typeof t!="undefined"&&pt(t);break;case"n":case".":let r=fe("link[rel=next]");typeof r!="undefined"&&pt(r);break;case"Enter":let o=Re();o instanceof HTMLLabelElement&&o.click()}});xi({viewport$:Oe,document$:ot});yi({document$:ot,tablet$:hr});Ei({document$:ot});wi({viewport$:Oe,tablet$:hr});var rt=Nn(Se("header"),{viewport$:Oe}),Ft=ot.pipe(m(()=>Se("main")),b(e=>Qn(e,{viewport$:Oe,header$:rt})),B(1)),ds=S(...ae("consent").map(e=>xn(e,{target$:Ot})),...ae("dialog").map(e=>Dn(e,{alert$:eo})),...ae("header").map(e=>zn(e,{viewport$:Oe,header$:rt,main$:Ft})),...ae("palette").map(e=>Kn(e)),...ae("progress").map(e=>Yn(e,{progress$:to})),...ae("search").map(e=>li(e,{index$:Mi,keyboard$:Zr})),...ae("source").map(e=>hi(e))),hs=C(()=>S(...ae("announce").map(e=>gn(e)),...ae("content").map(e=>Un(e,{viewport$:Oe,target$:Ot,print$:Oi})),...ae("content").map(e=>G("search.highlight")?mi(e,{index$:Mi,location$:jt}):M),...ae("header-title").map(e=>qn(e,{viewport$:Oe,header$:rt})),...ae("sidebar").map(e=>e.getAttribute("data-md-type")==="navigation"?Nr(Si,()=>Jr(e,{viewport$:Oe,header$:rt,main$:Ft})):Nr(hr,()=>Jr(e,{viewport$:Oe,header$:rt,main$:Ft}))),...ae("tabs").map(e=>bi(e,{viewport$:Oe,header$:rt})),...ae("toc").map(e=>vi(e,{viewport$:Oe,header$:rt,main$:Ft,target$:Ot})),...ae("top").map(e=>gi(e,{viewport$:Oe,header$:rt,main$:Ft,target$:Ot})))),Li=ot.pipe(b(()=>hs),Pe(ds),B(1));Li.subscribe();window.document$=ot;window.location$=jt;window.target$=Ot;window.keyboard$=Zr;window.viewport$=Oe;window.tablet$=hr;window.screen$=Si;window.print$=Oi;window.alert$=eo;window.progress$=to;window.component$=Li;})(); 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"sourcesContent": ["(function (global, factory) {\n typeof exports === 'object' && typeof module !== 'undefined' ? factory() :\n typeof define === 'function' && define.amd ? define(factory) :\n (factory());\n}(this, (function () { 'use strict';\n\n /**\n * Applies the :focus-visible polyfill at the given scope.\n * A scope in this case is either the top-level Document or a Shadow Root.\n *\n * @param {(Document|ShadowRoot)} scope\n * @see https://github.com/WICG/focus-visible\n */\n function applyFocusVisiblePolyfill(scope) {\n var hadKeyboardEvent = true;\n var hadFocusVisibleRecently = false;\n var hadFocusVisibleRecentlyTimeout = null;\n\n var inputTypesAllowlist = {\n text: true,\n search: true,\n url: true,\n tel: true,\n email: true,\n password: true,\n number: true,\n date: true,\n month: true,\n week: true,\n time: true,\n datetime: true,\n 'datetime-local': true\n };\n\n /**\n * Helper function for legacy browsers and iframes which sometimes focus\n * elements like document, body, and non-interactive SVG.\n * @param {Element} el\n */\n function isValidFocusTarget(el) {\n if (\n el &&\n el !== document &&\n el.nodeName !== 'HTML' &&\n el.nodeName !== 'BODY' &&\n 'classList' in el &&\n 'contains' in el.classList\n ) {\n return true;\n }\n return false;\n }\n\n /**\n * Computes whether the given element should automatically trigger the\n * `focus-visible` class being added, i.e. whether it should always match\n * `:focus-visible` when focused.\n * @param {Element} el\n * @return {boolean}\n */\n function focusTriggersKeyboardModality(el) {\n var type = el.type;\n var tagName = el.tagName;\n\n if (tagName === 'INPUT' && inputTypesAllowlist[type] && !el.readOnly) {\n return true;\n }\n\n if (tagName === 'TEXTAREA' && !el.readOnly) {\n return true;\n }\n\n if (el.isContentEditable) {\n return true;\n }\n\n return false;\n }\n\n /**\n * Add the `focus-visible` class to the given element if it was not added by\n * the author.\n * @param {Element} el\n */\n function addFocusVisibleClass(el) {\n if (el.classList.contains('focus-visible')) {\n return;\n }\n el.classList.add('focus-visible');\n el.setAttribute('data-focus-visible-added', '');\n }\n\n /**\n * Remove the `focus-visible` class from the given element if it was not\n * originally added by the author.\n * @param {Element} el\n */\n function removeFocusVisibleClass(el) {\n if (!el.hasAttribute('data-focus-visible-added')) {\n return;\n }\n el.classList.remove('focus-visible');\n el.removeAttribute('data-focus-visible-added');\n }\n\n /**\n * If the most recent user interaction was via the keyboard;\n * and the key press did not include a meta, alt/option, or control key;\n * then the modality is keyboard. Otherwise, the modality is not keyboard.\n * Apply `focus-visible` to any current active element and keep track\n * of our keyboard modality state with `hadKeyboardEvent`.\n * @param {KeyboardEvent} e\n */\n function onKeyDown(e) {\n if (e.metaKey || e.altKey || e.ctrlKey) {\n return;\n }\n\n if (isValidFocusTarget(scope.activeElement)) {\n addFocusVisibleClass(scope.activeElement);\n }\n\n hadKeyboardEvent = true;\n }\n\n /**\n * If at any point a user clicks with a pointing device, ensure that we change\n * the modality away from keyboard.\n * This avoids the situation where a user presses a key on an already focused\n * element, and then clicks on a different element, focusing it with a\n * pointing device, while we still think we're in keyboard modality.\n * @param {Event} e\n */\n function onPointerDown(e) {\n hadKeyboardEvent = false;\n }\n\n /**\n * On `focus`, add the `focus-visible` class to the target if:\n * - the target received focus as a result of keyboard navigation, or\n * - the event target is an element that will likely require interaction\n * via the keyboard (e.g. a text box)\n * @param {Event} e\n */\n function onFocus(e) {\n // Prevent IE from focusing the document or HTML element.\n if (!isValidFocusTarget(e.target)) {\n return;\n }\n\n if (hadKeyboardEvent || focusTriggersKeyboardModality(e.target)) {\n addFocusVisibleClass(e.target);\n }\n }\n\n /**\n * On `blur`, remove the `focus-visible` class from the target.\n * @param {Event} e\n */\n function onBlur(e) {\n if (!isValidFocusTarget(e.target)) {\n return;\n }\n\n if (\n e.target.classList.contains('focus-visible') ||\n e.target.hasAttribute('data-focus-visible-added')\n ) {\n // To detect a tab/window switch, we look for a blur event followed\n // rapidly by a visibility change.\n // If we don't see a visibility change within 100ms, it's probably a\n // regular focus change.\n hadFocusVisibleRecently = true;\n window.clearTimeout(hadFocusVisibleRecentlyTimeout);\n hadFocusVisibleRecentlyTimeout = window.setTimeout(function() {\n hadFocusVisibleRecently = false;\n }, 100);\n removeFocusVisibleClass(e.target);\n }\n }\n\n /**\n * If the user changes tabs, keep track of whether or not the previously\n * focused element had .focus-visible.\n * @param {Event} e\n */\n function onVisibilityChange(e) {\n if (document.visibilityState === 'hidden') {\n // If the tab becomes active again, the browser will handle calling focus\n // on the element (Safari actually calls it twice).\n // If this tab change caused a blur on an element with focus-visible,\n // re-apply the class when the user switches back to the tab.\n if (hadFocusVisibleRecently) {\n hadKeyboardEvent = true;\n }\n addInitialPointerMoveListeners();\n }\n }\n\n /**\n * Add a group of listeners to detect usage of any pointing devices.\n * These listeners will be added when the polyfill first loads, and anytime\n * the window is blurred, so that they are active when the window regains\n * focus.\n */\n function addInitialPointerMoveListeners() {\n document.addEventListener('mousemove', onInitialPointerMove);\n document.addEventListener('mousedown', onInitialPointerMove);\n document.addEventListener('mouseup', onInitialPointerMove);\n document.addEventListener('pointermove', onInitialPointerMove);\n document.addEventListener('pointerdown', onInitialPointerMove);\n document.addEventListener('pointerup', onInitialPointerMove);\n document.addEventListener('touchmove', onInitialPointerMove);\n document.addEventListener('touchstart', onInitialPointerMove);\n document.addEventListener('touchend', onInitialPointerMove);\n }\n\n function removeInitialPointerMoveListeners() {\n document.removeEventListener('mousemove', onInitialPointerMove);\n document.removeEventListener('mousedown', onInitialPointerMove);\n document.removeEventListener('mouseup', onInitialPointerMove);\n document.removeEventListener('pointermove', onInitialPointerMove);\n document.removeEventListener('pointerdown', onInitialPointerMove);\n document.removeEventListener('pointerup', onInitialPointerMove);\n document.removeEventListener('touchmove', onInitialPointerMove);\n document.removeEventListener('touchstart', onInitialPointerMove);\n document.removeEventListener('touchend', onInitialPointerMove);\n }\n\n /**\n * When the polfyill first loads, assume the user is in keyboard modality.\n * If any event is received from a pointing device (e.g. mouse, pointer,\n * touch), turn off keyboard modality.\n * This accounts for situations where focus enters the page from the URL bar.\n * @param {Event} e\n */\n function onInitialPointerMove(e) {\n // Work around a Safari quirk that fires a mousemove on whenever the\n // window blurs, even if you're tabbing out of the page. \u00AF\\_(\u30C4)_/\u00AF\n if (e.target.nodeName && e.target.nodeName.toLowerCase() === 'html') {\n return;\n }\n\n hadKeyboardEvent = false;\n removeInitialPointerMoveListeners();\n }\n\n // For some kinds of state, we are interested in changes at the global scope\n // only. For example, global pointer input, global key presses and global\n // visibility change should affect the state at every scope:\n document.addEventListener('keydown', onKeyDown, true);\n document.addEventListener('mousedown', onPointerDown, true);\n document.addEventListener('pointerdown', onPointerDown, true);\n document.addEventListener('touchstart', onPointerDown, true);\n document.addEventListener('visibilitychange', onVisibilityChange, true);\n\n addInitialPointerMoveListeners();\n\n // For focus and blur, we specifically care about state changes in the local\n // scope. This is because focus / blur events that originate from within a\n // shadow root are not re-dispatched from the host element if it was already\n // the active element in its own scope:\n scope.addEventListener('focus', onFocus, true);\n scope.addEventListener('blur', onBlur, true);\n\n // We detect that a node is a ShadowRoot by ensuring that it is a\n // DocumentFragment and also has a host property. This check covers native\n // implementation and polyfill implementation transparently. If we only cared\n // about the native implementation, we could just check if the scope was\n // an instance of a ShadowRoot.\n if (scope.nodeType === Node.DOCUMENT_FRAGMENT_NODE && scope.host) {\n // Since a ShadowRoot is a special kind of DocumentFragment, it does not\n // have a root element to add a class to. So, we add this attribute to the\n // host element instead:\n scope.host.setAttribute('data-js-focus-visible', '');\n } else if (scope.nodeType === Node.DOCUMENT_NODE) {\n document.documentElement.classList.add('js-focus-visible');\n document.documentElement.setAttribute('data-js-focus-visible', '');\n }\n }\n\n // It is important to wrap all references to global window and document in\n // these checks to support server-side rendering use cases\n // @see https://github.com/WICG/focus-visible/issues/199\n if (typeof window !== 'undefined' && typeof document !== 'undefined') {\n // Make the polyfill helper globally available. This can be used as a signal\n // to interested libraries that wish to coordinate with the polyfill for e.g.,\n // applying the polyfill to a shadow root:\n window.applyFocusVisiblePolyfill = applyFocusVisiblePolyfill;\n\n // Notify interested libraries of the polyfill's presence, in case the\n // polyfill was loaded lazily:\n var event;\n\n try {\n event = new CustomEvent('focus-visible-polyfill-ready');\n } catch (error) {\n // IE11 does not support using CustomEvent as a constructor directly:\n event = document.createEvent('CustomEvent');\n event.initCustomEvent('focus-visible-polyfill-ready', false, false, {});\n }\n\n window.dispatchEvent(event);\n }\n\n if (typeof document !== 'undefined') {\n // Apply the polyfill to the global document, so that no JavaScript\n // coordination is required to use the polyfill in the top-level document:\n applyFocusVisiblePolyfill(document);\n }\n\n})));\n", "/*!\n * clipboard.js v2.0.11\n * https://clipboardjs.com/\n *\n * Licensed MIT \u00A9 Zeno Rocha\n */\n(function webpackUniversalModuleDefinition(root, factory) {\n\tif(typeof exports === 'object' && typeof module === 'object')\n\t\tmodule.exports = factory();\n\telse if(typeof define === 'function' && define.amd)\n\t\tdefine([], factory);\n\telse if(typeof exports === 'object')\n\t\texports[\"ClipboardJS\"] = factory();\n\telse\n\t\troot[\"ClipboardJS\"] = factory();\n})(this, function() {\nreturn /******/ (function() { // webpackBootstrap\n/******/ \tvar __webpack_modules__ = ({\n\n/***/ 686:\n/***/ (function(__unused_webpack_module, __webpack_exports__, __webpack_require__) {\n\n\"use strict\";\n\n// EXPORTS\n__webpack_require__.d(__webpack_exports__, {\n \"default\": function() { return /* binding */ clipboard; }\n});\n\n// EXTERNAL MODULE: ./node_modules/tiny-emitter/index.js\nvar tiny_emitter = __webpack_require__(279);\nvar tiny_emitter_default = /*#__PURE__*/__webpack_require__.n(tiny_emitter);\n// EXTERNAL MODULE: ./node_modules/good-listener/src/listen.js\nvar listen = __webpack_require__(370);\nvar listen_default = /*#__PURE__*/__webpack_require__.n(listen);\n// EXTERNAL MODULE: ./node_modules/select/src/select.js\nvar src_select = __webpack_require__(817);\nvar select_default = /*#__PURE__*/__webpack_require__.n(src_select);\n;// CONCATENATED MODULE: ./src/common/command.js\n/**\n * Executes a given operation type.\n * @param {String} type\n * @return {Boolean}\n */\nfunction command(type) {\n try {\n return document.execCommand(type);\n } catch (err) {\n return false;\n }\n}\n;// CONCATENATED MODULE: ./src/actions/cut.js\n\n\n/**\n * Cut action wrapper.\n * @param {String|HTMLElement} target\n * @return {String}\n */\n\nvar ClipboardActionCut = function ClipboardActionCut(target) {\n var selectedText = select_default()(target);\n command('cut');\n return selectedText;\n};\n\n/* harmony default export */ var actions_cut = (ClipboardActionCut);\n;// CONCATENATED MODULE: ./src/common/create-fake-element.js\n/**\n * Creates a fake textarea element with a value.\n * @param {String} value\n * @return {HTMLElement}\n */\nfunction createFakeElement(value) {\n var isRTL = document.documentElement.getAttribute('dir') === 'rtl';\n var fakeElement = document.createElement('textarea'); // Prevent zooming on iOS\n\n fakeElement.style.fontSize = '12pt'; // Reset box model\n\n fakeElement.style.border = '0';\n fakeElement.style.padding = '0';\n fakeElement.style.margin = '0'; // Move element out of screen horizontally\n\n fakeElement.style.position = 'absolute';\n fakeElement.style[isRTL ? 'right' : 'left'] = '-9999px'; // Move element to the same position vertically\n\n var yPosition = window.pageYOffset || document.documentElement.scrollTop;\n fakeElement.style.top = \"\".concat(yPosition, \"px\");\n fakeElement.setAttribute('readonly', '');\n fakeElement.value = value;\n return fakeElement;\n}\n;// CONCATENATED MODULE: ./src/actions/copy.js\n\n\n\n/**\n * Create fake copy action wrapper using a fake element.\n * @param {String} target\n * @param {Object} options\n * @return {String}\n */\n\nvar fakeCopyAction = function fakeCopyAction(value, options) {\n var fakeElement = createFakeElement(value);\n options.container.appendChild(fakeElement);\n var selectedText = select_default()(fakeElement);\n command('copy');\n fakeElement.remove();\n return selectedText;\n};\n/**\n * Copy action wrapper.\n * @param {String|HTMLElement} target\n * @param {Object} options\n * @return {String}\n */\n\n\nvar ClipboardActionCopy = function ClipboardActionCopy(target) {\n var options = arguments.length > 1 && arguments[1] !== undefined ? arguments[1] : {\n container: document.body\n };\n var selectedText = '';\n\n if (typeof target === 'string') {\n selectedText = fakeCopyAction(target, options);\n } else if (target instanceof HTMLInputElement && !['text', 'search', 'url', 'tel', 'password'].includes(target === null || target === void 0 ? void 0 : target.type)) {\n // If input type doesn't support `setSelectionRange`. Simulate it. https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/HTMLInputElement/setSelectionRange\n selectedText = fakeCopyAction(target.value, options);\n } else {\n selectedText = select_default()(target);\n command('copy');\n }\n\n return selectedText;\n};\n\n/* harmony default export */ var actions_copy = (ClipboardActionCopy);\n;// CONCATENATED MODULE: ./src/actions/default.js\nfunction _typeof(obj) { \"@babel/helpers - typeof\"; if (typeof Symbol === \"function\" && typeof Symbol.iterator === \"symbol\") { _typeof = function _typeof(obj) { return typeof obj; }; } else { _typeof = function _typeof(obj) { return obj && typeof Symbol === \"function\" && obj.constructor === Symbol && obj !== Symbol.prototype ? \"symbol\" : typeof obj; }; } return _typeof(obj); }\n\n\n\n/**\n * Inner function which performs selection from either `text` or `target`\n * properties and then executes copy or cut operations.\n * @param {Object} options\n */\n\nvar ClipboardActionDefault = function ClipboardActionDefault() {\n var options = arguments.length > 0 && arguments[0] !== undefined ? arguments[0] : {};\n // Defines base properties passed from constructor.\n var _options$action = options.action,\n action = _options$action === void 0 ? 'copy' : _options$action,\n container = options.container,\n target = options.target,\n text = options.text; // Sets the `action` to be performed which can be either 'copy' or 'cut'.\n\n if (action !== 'copy' && action !== 'cut') {\n throw new Error('Invalid \"action\" value, use either \"copy\" or \"cut\"');\n } // Sets the `target` property using an element that will be have its content copied.\n\n\n if (target !== undefined) {\n if (target && _typeof(target) === 'object' && target.nodeType === 1) {\n if (action === 'copy' && target.hasAttribute('disabled')) {\n throw new Error('Invalid \"target\" attribute. Please use \"readonly\" instead of \"disabled\" attribute');\n }\n\n if (action === 'cut' && (target.hasAttribute('readonly') || target.hasAttribute('disabled'))) {\n throw new Error('Invalid \"target\" attribute. You can\\'t cut text from elements with \"readonly\" or \"disabled\" attributes');\n }\n } else {\n throw new Error('Invalid \"target\" value, use a valid Element');\n }\n } // Define selection strategy based on `text` property.\n\n\n if (text) {\n return actions_copy(text, {\n container: container\n });\n } // Defines which selection strategy based on `target` property.\n\n\n if (target) {\n return action === 'cut' ? actions_cut(target) : actions_copy(target, {\n container: container\n });\n }\n};\n\n/* harmony default export */ var actions_default = (ClipboardActionDefault);\n;// CONCATENATED MODULE: ./src/clipboard.js\nfunction clipboard_typeof(obj) { \"@babel/helpers - typeof\"; if (typeof Symbol === \"function\" && typeof Symbol.iterator === \"symbol\") { clipboard_typeof = function _typeof(obj) { return typeof obj; }; } else { clipboard_typeof = function _typeof(obj) { return obj && typeof Symbol === \"function\" && obj.constructor === Symbol && obj !== Symbol.prototype ? \"symbol\" : typeof obj; }; } return clipboard_typeof(obj); }\n\nfunction _classCallCheck(instance, Constructor) { if (!(instance instanceof Constructor)) { throw new TypeError(\"Cannot call a class as a function\"); } }\n\nfunction _defineProperties(target, props) { for (var i = 0; i < props.length; i++) { var descriptor = props[i]; descriptor.enumerable = descriptor.enumerable || false; descriptor.configurable = true; if (\"value\" in descriptor) descriptor.writable = true; Object.defineProperty(target, descriptor.key, descriptor); } }\n\nfunction _createClass(Constructor, protoProps, staticProps) { if (protoProps) _defineProperties(Constructor.prototype, protoProps); if (staticProps) _defineProperties(Constructor, staticProps); return Constructor; }\n\nfunction _inherits(subClass, superClass) { if (typeof superClass !== \"function\" && superClass !== null) { throw new TypeError(\"Super expression must either be null or a function\"); } subClass.prototype = Object.create(superClass && superClass.prototype, { constructor: { value: subClass, writable: true, configurable: true } }); if (superClass) _setPrototypeOf(subClass, superClass); }\n\nfunction _setPrototypeOf(o, p) { _setPrototypeOf = Object.setPrototypeOf || function _setPrototypeOf(o, p) { o.__proto__ = p; return o; }; return _setPrototypeOf(o, p); }\n\nfunction _createSuper(Derived) { var hasNativeReflectConstruct = _isNativeReflectConstruct(); return function _createSuperInternal() { var Super = _getPrototypeOf(Derived), result; if (hasNativeReflectConstruct) { var NewTarget = _getPrototypeOf(this).constructor; result = Reflect.construct(Super, arguments, NewTarget); } else { result = Super.apply(this, arguments); } return _possibleConstructorReturn(this, result); }; }\n\nfunction _possibleConstructorReturn(self, call) { if (call && (clipboard_typeof(call) === \"object\" || typeof call === \"function\")) { return call; } return _assertThisInitialized(self); }\n\nfunction _assertThisInitialized(self) { if (self === void 0) { throw new ReferenceError(\"this hasn't been initialised - super() hasn't been called\"); } return self; }\n\nfunction _isNativeReflectConstruct() { if (typeof Reflect === \"undefined\" || !Reflect.construct) return false; if (Reflect.construct.sham) return false; if (typeof Proxy === \"function\") return true; try { Date.prototype.toString.call(Reflect.construct(Date, [], function () {})); return true; } catch (e) { return false; } }\n\nfunction _getPrototypeOf(o) { _getPrototypeOf = Object.setPrototypeOf ? Object.getPrototypeOf : function _getPrototypeOf(o) { return o.__proto__ || Object.getPrototypeOf(o); }; return _getPrototypeOf(o); }\n\n\n\n\n\n\n/**\n * Helper function to retrieve attribute value.\n * @param {String} suffix\n * @param {Element} element\n */\n\nfunction getAttributeValue(suffix, element) {\n var attribute = \"data-clipboard-\".concat(suffix);\n\n if (!element.hasAttribute(attribute)) {\n return;\n }\n\n return element.getAttribute(attribute);\n}\n/**\n * Base class which takes one or more elements, adds event listeners to them,\n * and instantiates a new `ClipboardAction` on each click.\n */\n\n\nvar Clipboard = /*#__PURE__*/function (_Emitter) {\n _inherits(Clipboard, _Emitter);\n\n var _super = _createSuper(Clipboard);\n\n /**\n * @param {String|HTMLElement|HTMLCollection|NodeList} trigger\n * @param {Object} options\n */\n function Clipboard(trigger, options) {\n var _this;\n\n _classCallCheck(this, Clipboard);\n\n _this = _super.call(this);\n\n _this.resolveOptions(options);\n\n _this.listenClick(trigger);\n\n return _this;\n }\n /**\n * Defines if attributes would be resolved using internal setter functions\n * or custom functions that were passed in the constructor.\n * @param {Object} options\n */\n\n\n _createClass(Clipboard, [{\n key: \"resolveOptions\",\n value: function resolveOptions() {\n var options = arguments.length > 0 && arguments[0] !== undefined ? arguments[0] : {};\n this.action = typeof options.action === 'function' ? options.action : this.defaultAction;\n this.target = typeof options.target === 'function' ? options.target : this.defaultTarget;\n this.text = typeof options.text === 'function' ? options.text : this.defaultText;\n this.container = clipboard_typeof(options.container) === 'object' ? options.container : document.body;\n }\n /**\n * Adds a click event listener to the passed trigger.\n * @param {String|HTMLElement|HTMLCollection|NodeList} trigger\n */\n\n }, {\n key: \"listenClick\",\n value: function listenClick(trigger) {\n var _this2 = this;\n\n this.listener = listen_default()(trigger, 'click', function (e) {\n return _this2.onClick(e);\n });\n }\n /**\n * Defines a new `ClipboardAction` on each click event.\n * @param {Event} e\n */\n\n }, {\n key: \"onClick\",\n value: function onClick(e) {\n var trigger = e.delegateTarget || e.currentTarget;\n var action = this.action(trigger) || 'copy';\n var text = actions_default({\n action: action,\n container: this.container,\n target: this.target(trigger),\n text: this.text(trigger)\n }); // Fires an event based on the copy operation result.\n\n this.emit(text ? 'success' : 'error', {\n action: action,\n text: text,\n trigger: trigger,\n clearSelection: function clearSelection() {\n if (trigger) {\n trigger.focus();\n }\n\n window.getSelection().removeAllRanges();\n }\n });\n }\n /**\n * Default `action` lookup function.\n * @param {Element} trigger\n */\n\n }, {\n key: \"defaultAction\",\n value: function defaultAction(trigger) {\n return getAttributeValue('action', trigger);\n }\n /**\n * Default `target` lookup function.\n * @param {Element} trigger\n */\n\n }, {\n key: \"defaultTarget\",\n value: function defaultTarget(trigger) {\n var selector = getAttributeValue('target', trigger);\n\n if (selector) {\n return document.querySelector(selector);\n }\n }\n /**\n * Allow fire programmatically a copy action\n * @param {String|HTMLElement} target\n * @param {Object} options\n * @returns Text copied.\n */\n\n }, {\n key: \"defaultText\",\n\n /**\n * Default `text` lookup function.\n * @param {Element} trigger\n */\n value: function defaultText(trigger) {\n return getAttributeValue('text', trigger);\n }\n /**\n * Destroy lifecycle.\n */\n\n }, {\n key: \"destroy\",\n value: function destroy() {\n this.listener.destroy();\n }\n }], [{\n key: \"copy\",\n value: function copy(target) {\n var options = arguments.length > 1 && arguments[1] !== undefined ? arguments[1] : {\n container: document.body\n };\n return actions_copy(target, options);\n }\n /**\n * Allow fire programmatically a cut action\n * @param {String|HTMLElement} target\n * @returns Text cutted.\n */\n\n }, {\n key: \"cut\",\n value: function cut(target) {\n return actions_cut(target);\n }\n /**\n * Returns the support of the given action, or all actions if no action is\n * given.\n * @param {String} [action]\n */\n\n }, {\n key: \"isSupported\",\n value: function isSupported() {\n var action = arguments.length > 0 && arguments[0] !== undefined ? arguments[0] : ['copy', 'cut'];\n var actions = typeof action === 'string' ? [action] : action;\n var support = !!document.queryCommandSupported;\n actions.forEach(function (action) {\n support = support && !!document.queryCommandSupported(action);\n });\n return support;\n }\n }]);\n\n return Clipboard;\n}((tiny_emitter_default()));\n\n/* harmony default export */ var clipboard = (Clipboard);\n\n/***/ }),\n\n/***/ 828:\n/***/ (function(module) {\n\nvar DOCUMENT_NODE_TYPE = 9;\n\n/**\n * A polyfill for Element.matches()\n */\nif (typeof Element !== 'undefined' && !Element.prototype.matches) {\n var proto = Element.prototype;\n\n proto.matches = proto.matchesSelector ||\n proto.mozMatchesSelector ||\n proto.msMatchesSelector ||\n proto.oMatchesSelector ||\n proto.webkitMatchesSelector;\n}\n\n/**\n * Finds the closest parent that matches a selector.\n *\n * @param {Element} element\n * @param {String} selector\n * @return {Function}\n */\nfunction closest (element, selector) {\n while (element && element.nodeType !== DOCUMENT_NODE_TYPE) {\n if (typeof element.matches === 'function' &&\n element.matches(selector)) {\n return element;\n }\n element = element.parentNode;\n }\n}\n\nmodule.exports = closest;\n\n\n/***/ }),\n\n/***/ 438:\n/***/ (function(module, __unused_webpack_exports, __webpack_require__) {\n\nvar closest = __webpack_require__(828);\n\n/**\n * Delegates event to a selector.\n *\n * @param {Element} element\n * @param {String} selector\n * @param {String} type\n * @param {Function} callback\n * @param {Boolean} useCapture\n * @return {Object}\n */\nfunction _delegate(element, selector, type, callback, useCapture) {\n var listenerFn = listener.apply(this, arguments);\n\n element.addEventListener(type, listenerFn, useCapture);\n\n return {\n destroy: function() {\n element.removeEventListener(type, listenerFn, useCapture);\n }\n }\n}\n\n/**\n * Delegates event to a selector.\n *\n * @param {Element|String|Array} [elements]\n * @param {String} selector\n * @param {String} type\n * @param {Function} callback\n * @param {Boolean} useCapture\n * @return {Object}\n */\nfunction delegate(elements, selector, type, callback, useCapture) {\n // Handle the regular Element usage\n if (typeof elements.addEventListener === 'function') {\n return _delegate.apply(null, arguments);\n }\n\n // Handle Element-less usage, it defaults to global delegation\n if (typeof type === 'function') {\n // Use `document` as the first parameter, then apply arguments\n // This is a short way to .unshift `arguments` without running into deoptimizations\n return _delegate.bind(null, document).apply(null, arguments);\n }\n\n // Handle Selector-based usage\n if (typeof elements === 'string') {\n elements = document.querySelectorAll(elements);\n }\n\n // Handle Array-like based usage\n return Array.prototype.map.call(elements, function (element) {\n return _delegate(element, selector, type, callback, useCapture);\n });\n}\n\n/**\n * Finds closest match and invokes callback.\n *\n * @param {Element} element\n * @param {String} selector\n * @param {String} type\n * @param {Function} callback\n * @return {Function}\n */\nfunction listener(element, selector, type, callback) {\n return function(e) {\n e.delegateTarget = closest(e.target, selector);\n\n if (e.delegateTarget) {\n callback.call(element, e);\n }\n }\n}\n\nmodule.exports = delegate;\n\n\n/***/ }),\n\n/***/ 879:\n/***/ (function(__unused_webpack_module, exports) {\n\n/**\n * Check if argument is a HTML element.\n *\n * @param {Object} value\n * @return {Boolean}\n */\nexports.node = function(value) {\n return value !== undefined\n && value instanceof HTMLElement\n && value.nodeType === 1;\n};\n\n/**\n * Check if argument is a list of HTML elements.\n *\n * @param {Object} value\n * @return {Boolean}\n */\nexports.nodeList = function(value) {\n var type = Object.prototype.toString.call(value);\n\n return value !== undefined\n && (type === '[object NodeList]' || type === '[object HTMLCollection]')\n && ('length' in value)\n && (value.length === 0 || exports.node(value[0]));\n};\n\n/**\n * Check if argument is a string.\n *\n * @param {Object} value\n * @return {Boolean}\n */\nexports.string = function(value) {\n return typeof value === 'string'\n || value instanceof String;\n};\n\n/**\n * Check if argument is a function.\n *\n * @param {Object} value\n * @return {Boolean}\n */\nexports.fn = function(value) {\n var type = Object.prototype.toString.call(value);\n\n return type === '[object Function]';\n};\n\n\n/***/ }),\n\n/***/ 370:\n/***/ (function(module, __unused_webpack_exports, __webpack_require__) {\n\nvar is = __webpack_require__(879);\nvar delegate = __webpack_require__(438);\n\n/**\n * Validates all params and calls the right\n * listener function based on its target type.\n *\n * @param {String|HTMLElement|HTMLCollection|NodeList} target\n * @param {String} type\n * @param {Function} callback\n * @return {Object}\n */\nfunction listen(target, type, callback) {\n if (!target && !type && !callback) {\n throw new Error('Missing required arguments');\n }\n\n if (!is.string(type)) {\n throw new TypeError('Second argument must be a String');\n }\n\n if (!is.fn(callback)) {\n throw new TypeError('Third argument must be a Function');\n }\n\n if (is.node(target)) {\n return listenNode(target, type, callback);\n }\n else if (is.nodeList(target)) {\n return listenNodeList(target, type, callback);\n }\n else if (is.string(target)) {\n return listenSelector(target, type, callback);\n }\n else {\n throw new TypeError('First argument must be a String, HTMLElement, HTMLCollection, or NodeList');\n }\n}\n\n/**\n * Adds an event listener to a HTML element\n * and returns a remove listener function.\n *\n * @param {HTMLElement} node\n * @param {String} type\n * @param {Function} callback\n * @return {Object}\n */\nfunction listenNode(node, type, callback) {\n node.addEventListener(type, callback);\n\n return {\n destroy: function() {\n node.removeEventListener(type, callback);\n }\n }\n}\n\n/**\n * Add an event listener to a list of HTML elements\n * and returns a remove listener function.\n *\n * @param {NodeList|HTMLCollection} nodeList\n * @param {String} type\n * @param {Function} callback\n * @return {Object}\n */\nfunction listenNodeList(nodeList, type, callback) {\n Array.prototype.forEach.call(nodeList, function(node) {\n node.addEventListener(type, callback);\n });\n\n return {\n destroy: function() {\n Array.prototype.forEach.call(nodeList, function(node) {\n node.removeEventListener(type, callback);\n });\n }\n }\n}\n\n/**\n * Add an event listener to a selector\n * and returns a remove listener function.\n *\n * @param {String} selector\n * @param {String} type\n * @param {Function} callback\n * @return {Object}\n */\nfunction listenSelector(selector, type, callback) {\n return delegate(document.body, selector, type, callback);\n}\n\nmodule.exports = listen;\n\n\n/***/ }),\n\n/***/ 817:\n/***/ (function(module) {\n\nfunction select(element) {\n var selectedText;\n\n if (element.nodeName === 'SELECT') {\n element.focus();\n\n selectedText = element.value;\n }\n else if (element.nodeName === 'INPUT' || element.nodeName === 'TEXTAREA') {\n var isReadOnly = element.hasAttribute('readonly');\n\n if (!isReadOnly) {\n element.setAttribute('readonly', '');\n }\n\n element.select();\n element.setSelectionRange(0, element.value.length);\n\n if (!isReadOnly) {\n element.removeAttribute('readonly');\n }\n\n selectedText = element.value;\n }\n else {\n if (element.hasAttribute('contenteditable')) {\n element.focus();\n }\n\n var selection = window.getSelection();\n var range = document.createRange();\n\n range.selectNodeContents(element);\n selection.removeAllRanges();\n selection.addRange(range);\n\n selectedText = selection.toString();\n }\n\n return selectedText;\n}\n\nmodule.exports = select;\n\n\n/***/ }),\n\n/***/ 279:\n/***/ (function(module) {\n\nfunction E () {\n // Keep this empty so it's easier to inherit from\n // (via https://github.com/lipsmack from https://github.com/scottcorgan/tiny-emitter/issues/3)\n}\n\nE.prototype = {\n on: function (name, callback, ctx) {\n var e = this.e || (this.e = {});\n\n (e[name] || (e[name] = [])).push({\n fn: callback,\n ctx: ctx\n });\n\n return this;\n },\n\n once: function (name, callback, ctx) {\n var self = this;\n function listener () {\n self.off(name, listener);\n callback.apply(ctx, arguments);\n };\n\n listener._ = callback\n return this.on(name, listener, ctx);\n },\n\n emit: function (name) {\n var data = [].slice.call(arguments, 1);\n var evtArr = ((this.e || (this.e = {}))[name] || []).slice();\n var i = 0;\n var len = evtArr.length;\n\n for (i; i < len; i++) {\n evtArr[i].fn.apply(evtArr[i].ctx, data);\n }\n\n return this;\n },\n\n off: function (name, callback) {\n var e = this.e || (this.e = {});\n var evts = e[name];\n var liveEvents = [];\n\n if (evts && callback) {\n for (var i = 0, len = evts.length; i < len; i++) {\n if (evts[i].fn !== callback && evts[i].fn._ !== callback)\n liveEvents.push(evts[i]);\n }\n }\n\n // Remove event from queue to prevent memory leak\n // Suggested by https://github.com/lazd\n // Ref: https://github.com/scottcorgan/tiny-emitter/commit/c6ebfaa9bc973b33d110a84a307742b7cf94c953#commitcomment-5024910\n\n (liveEvents.length)\n ? e[name] = liveEvents\n : delete e[name];\n\n return this;\n }\n};\n\nmodule.exports = E;\nmodule.exports.TinyEmitter = E;\n\n\n/***/ })\n\n/******/ \t});\n/************************************************************************/\n/******/ \t// The module cache\n/******/ \tvar __webpack_module_cache__ = {};\n/******/ \t\n/******/ \t// The require function\n/******/ \tfunction __webpack_require__(moduleId) {\n/******/ \t\t// Check if module is in cache\n/******/ \t\tif(__webpack_module_cache__[moduleId]) {\n/******/ \t\t\treturn __webpack_module_cache__[moduleId].exports;\n/******/ \t\t}\n/******/ \t\t// Create a new module (and put it into the cache)\n/******/ \t\tvar module = __webpack_module_cache__[moduleId] = {\n/******/ \t\t\t// no module.id needed\n/******/ \t\t\t// no module.loaded needed\n/******/ \t\t\texports: {}\n/******/ \t\t};\n/******/ \t\n/******/ \t\t// Execute the module function\n/******/ \t\t__webpack_modules__[moduleId](module, module.exports, __webpack_require__);\n/******/ \t\n/******/ \t\t// Return the exports of the module\n/******/ \t\treturn module.exports;\n/******/ \t}\n/******/ \t\n/************************************************************************/\n/******/ \t/* webpack/runtime/compat get default export */\n/******/ \t!function() {\n/******/ \t\t// getDefaultExport function for compatibility with non-harmony modules\n/******/ \t\t__webpack_require__.n = function(module) {\n/******/ \t\t\tvar getter = module && module.__esModule ?\n/******/ \t\t\t\tfunction() { return module['default']; } :\n/******/ \t\t\t\tfunction() { return module; };\n/******/ \t\t\t__webpack_require__.d(getter, { a: getter });\n/******/ \t\t\treturn getter;\n/******/ \t\t};\n/******/ \t}();\n/******/ \t\n/******/ \t/* webpack/runtime/define property getters */\n/******/ \t!function() {\n/******/ \t\t// define getter functions for harmony exports\n/******/ \t\t__webpack_require__.d = function(exports, definition) {\n/******/ \t\t\tfor(var key in definition) {\n/******/ \t\t\t\tif(__webpack_require__.o(definition, key) && !__webpack_require__.o(exports, key)) {\n/******/ \t\t\t\t\tObject.defineProperty(exports, key, { enumerable: true, get: definition[key] });\n/******/ \t\t\t\t}\n/******/ \t\t\t}\n/******/ \t\t};\n/******/ \t}();\n/******/ \t\n/******/ \t/* webpack/runtime/hasOwnProperty shorthand */\n/******/ \t!function() {\n/******/ \t\t__webpack_require__.o = function(obj, prop) { return Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(obj, prop); }\n/******/ \t}();\n/******/ \t\n/************************************************************************/\n/******/ \t// module exports must be returned from runtime so entry inlining is disabled\n/******/ \t// startup\n/******/ \t// Load entry module and return exports\n/******/ \treturn __webpack_require__(686);\n/******/ })()\n.default;\n});", "/*!\n * escape-html\n * Copyright(c) 2012-2013 TJ Holowaychuk\n * Copyright(c) 2015 Andreas Lubbe\n * Copyright(c) 2015 Tiancheng \"Timothy\" Gu\n * MIT Licensed\n */\n\n'use strict';\n\n/**\n * Module variables.\n * @private\n */\n\nvar matchHtmlRegExp = /[\"'&<>]/;\n\n/**\n * Module exports.\n * @public\n */\n\nmodule.exports = escapeHtml;\n\n/**\n * Escape special characters in the given string of html.\n *\n * @param {string} string The string to escape for inserting into HTML\n * @return {string}\n * @public\n */\n\nfunction escapeHtml(string) {\n var str = '' + string;\n var match = matchHtmlRegExp.exec(str);\n\n if (!match) {\n return str;\n }\n\n var escape;\n var html = '';\n var index = 0;\n var lastIndex = 0;\n\n for (index = match.index; index < str.length; index++) {\n switch (str.charCodeAt(index)) {\n case 34: // \"\n escape = '"';\n break;\n case 38: // &\n escape = '&';\n break;\n case 39: // '\n escape = ''';\n break;\n case 60: // <\n escape = '<';\n break;\n case 62: // >\n escape = '>';\n break;\n default:\n continue;\n }\n\n if (lastIndex !== index) {\n html += str.substring(lastIndex, index);\n }\n\n lastIndex = index + 1;\n html += escape;\n }\n\n return lastIndex !== index\n ? html + str.substring(lastIndex, index)\n : html;\n}\n", "/*\n * Copyright (c) 2016-2024 Martin Donath \n *\n * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy\n * of this software and associated documentation files (the \"Software\"), to\n * deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the\n * rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or\n * sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is\n * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:\n *\n * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in\n * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.\n *\n * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED \"AS IS\", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR\n * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,\n * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NON-INFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE\n * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER\n * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING\n * FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS\n * IN THE SOFTWARE.\n */\n\nimport \"focus-visible\"\n\nimport {\n EMPTY,\n NEVER,\n Observable,\n Subject,\n defer,\n delay,\n filter,\n map,\n merge,\n mergeWith,\n shareReplay,\n switchMap\n} from \"rxjs\"\n\nimport { configuration, feature } from \"./_\"\nimport {\n at,\n getActiveElement,\n getOptionalElement,\n requestJSON,\n setLocation,\n setToggle,\n watchDocument,\n watchKeyboard,\n watchLocation,\n watchLocationTarget,\n watchMedia,\n watchPrint,\n watchScript,\n watchViewport\n} from \"./browser\"\nimport {\n getComponentElement,\n getComponentElements,\n mountAnnounce,\n mountBackToTop,\n mountConsent,\n mountContent,\n mountDialog,\n mountHeader,\n mountHeaderTitle,\n mountPalette,\n mountProgress,\n mountSearch,\n mountSearchHiglight,\n mountSidebar,\n mountSource,\n mountTableOfContents,\n mountTabs,\n watchHeader,\n watchMain\n} from \"./components\"\nimport {\n SearchIndex,\n setupClipboardJS,\n setupInstantNavigation,\n setupVersionSelector\n} from \"./integrations\"\nimport {\n patchEllipsis,\n patchIndeterminate,\n patchScrollfix,\n patchScrolllock\n} from \"./patches\"\nimport \"./polyfills\"\n\n/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Functions - @todo refactor\n * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/**\n * Fetch search index\n *\n * @returns Search index observable\n */\nfunction fetchSearchIndex(): Observable {\n if (location.protocol === \"file:\") {\n return watchScript(\n `${new URL(\"search/search_index.js\", config.base)}`\n )\n .pipe(\n // @ts-ignore - @todo fix typings\n map(() => __index),\n shareReplay(1)\n )\n } else {\n return requestJSON(\n new URL(\"search/search_index.json\", config.base)\n )\n }\n}\n\n/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Application\n * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\n/* Yay, JavaScript is available */\ndocument.documentElement.classList.remove(\"no-js\")\ndocument.documentElement.classList.add(\"js\")\n\n/* Set up navigation observables and subjects */\nconst document$ = watchDocument()\nconst location$ = watchLocation()\nconst target$ = watchLocationTarget(location$)\nconst keyboard$ = watchKeyboard()\n\n/* Set up media observables */\nconst viewport$ = watchViewport()\nconst tablet$ = watchMedia(\"(min-width: 960px)\")\nconst screen$ = watchMedia(\"(min-width: 1220px)\")\nconst print$ = watchPrint()\n\n/* Retrieve search index, if search is enabled */\nconst config = configuration()\nconst index$ = document.forms.namedItem(\"search\")\n ? fetchSearchIndex()\n : NEVER\n\n/* Set up Clipboard.js integration */\nconst alert$ = new Subject()\nsetupClipboardJS({ alert$ })\n\n/* Set up progress indicator */\nconst progress$ = new Subject()\n\n/* Set up instant navigation, if enabled */\nif (feature(\"navigation.instant\"))\n setupInstantNavigation({ location$, viewport$, progress$ })\n .subscribe(document$)\n\n/* Set up version selector */\nif (config.version?.provider === \"mike\")\n setupVersionSelector({ document$ })\n\n/* Always close drawer and search on navigation */\nmerge(location$, target$)\n .pipe(\n delay(125)\n )\n .subscribe(() => {\n setToggle(\"drawer\", false)\n setToggle(\"search\", false)\n })\n\n/* Set up global keyboard handlers */\nkeyboard$\n .pipe(\n filter(({ mode }) => mode === \"global\")\n )\n .subscribe(key => {\n switch (key.type) {\n\n /* Go to previous page */\n case \"p\":\n case \",\":\n const prev = getOptionalElement(\"link[rel=prev]\")\n if (typeof prev !== \"undefined\")\n setLocation(prev)\n break\n\n /* Go to next page */\n case \"n\":\n case \".\":\n const next = getOptionalElement(\"link[rel=next]\")\n if (typeof next !== \"undefined\")\n setLocation(next)\n break\n\n /* Expand navigation, see https://bit.ly/3ZjG5io */\n case \"Enter\":\n const active = getActiveElement()\n if (active instanceof HTMLLabelElement)\n active.click()\n }\n })\n\n/* Set up patches */\npatchEllipsis({ viewport$, document$ })\npatchIndeterminate({ document$, tablet$ })\npatchScrollfix({ document$ })\npatchScrolllock({ viewport$, tablet$ })\n\n/* Set up header and main area observable */\nconst header$ = watchHeader(getComponentElement(\"header\"), { viewport$ })\nconst main$ = document$\n .pipe(\n map(() => getComponentElement(\"main\")),\n switchMap(el => watchMain(el, { viewport$, header$ })),\n shareReplay(1)\n )\n\n/* Set up control component observables */\nconst control$ = merge(\n\n /* Consent */\n ...getComponentElements(\"consent\")\n .map(el => mountConsent(el, { target$ })),\n\n /* Dialog */\n ...getComponentElements(\"dialog\")\n .map(el => mountDialog(el, { alert$ })),\n\n /* Header */\n ...getComponentElements(\"header\")\n .map(el => mountHeader(el, { viewport$, header$, main$ })),\n\n /* Color palette */\n ...getComponentElements(\"palette\")\n .map(el => mountPalette(el)),\n\n /* Progress bar */\n ...getComponentElements(\"progress\")\n .map(el => mountProgress(el, { progress$ })),\n\n /* Search */\n ...getComponentElements(\"search\")\n .map(el => mountSearch(el, { index$, keyboard$ })),\n\n /* Repository information */\n ...getComponentElements(\"source\")\n .map(el => mountSource(el))\n)\n\n/* Set up content component observables */\nconst content$ = defer(() => merge(\n\n /* Announcement bar */\n ...getComponentElements(\"announce\")\n .map(el => mountAnnounce(el)),\n\n /* Content */\n ...getComponentElements(\"content\")\n .map(el => mountContent(el, { viewport$, target$, print$ })),\n\n /* Search highlighting */\n ...getComponentElements(\"content\")\n .map(el => feature(\"search.highlight\")\n ? mountSearchHiglight(el, { index$, location$ })\n : EMPTY\n ),\n\n /* Header title */\n ...getComponentElements(\"header-title\")\n .map(el => mountHeaderTitle(el, { viewport$, header$ })),\n\n /* Sidebar */\n ...getComponentElements(\"sidebar\")\n .map(el => el.getAttribute(\"data-md-type\") === \"navigation\"\n ? at(screen$, () => mountSidebar(el, { viewport$, header$, main$ }))\n : at(tablet$, () => mountSidebar(el, { viewport$, header$, main$ }))\n ),\n\n /* Navigation tabs */\n ...getComponentElements(\"tabs\")\n .map(el => mountTabs(el, { viewport$, header$ })),\n\n /* Table of contents */\n ...getComponentElements(\"toc\")\n .map(el => mountTableOfContents(el, {\n viewport$, header$, main$, target$\n })),\n\n /* Back-to-top button */\n ...getComponentElements(\"top\")\n .map(el => mountBackToTop(el, { viewport$, header$, main$, target$ }))\n))\n\n/* Set up component observables */\nconst component$ = document$\n .pipe(\n switchMap(() => content$),\n mergeWith(control$),\n shareReplay(1)\n )\n\n/* Subscribe to all components */\ncomponent$.subscribe()\n\n/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Exports\n * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */\n\nwindow.document$ = document$ /* Document observable */\nwindow.location$ = location$ /* Location subject */\nwindow.target$ = target$ /* Location target observable */\nwindow.keyboard$ = keyboard$ /* Keyboard observable */\nwindow.viewport$ = viewport$ /* Viewport observable */\nwindow.tablet$ = tablet$ /* Media tablet observable */\nwindow.screen$ = screen$ /* Media screen observable */\nwindow.print$ = print$ /* Media print observable */\nwindow.alert$ = alert$ /* Alert subject */\nwindow.progress$ = progress$ /* Progress indicator subject */\nwindow.component$ = component$ /* Component observable */\n", "/*! *****************************************************************************\r\nCopyright (c) Microsoft Corporation.\r\n\r\nPermission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for any\r\npurpose with or without fee is hereby granted.\r\n\r\nTHE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED \"AS IS\" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH\r\nREGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY\r\nAND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT,\r\nINDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM\r\nLOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR\r\nOTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR\r\nPERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.\r\n***************************************************************************** */\r\n/* global Reflect, Promise */\r\n\r\nvar extendStatics = function(d, b) {\r\n extendStatics = Object.setPrototypeOf ||\r\n ({ __proto__: [] } instanceof Array && function (d, b) { d.__proto__ = b; }) ||\r\n function (d, b) { for (var p in b) if (Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(b, p)) d[p] = b[p]; };\r\n return extendStatics(d, b);\r\n};\r\n\r\nexport function __extends(d, b) {\r\n if (typeof b !== \"function\" && b !== null)\r\n throw new TypeError(\"Class extends value \" + String(b) + \" is not a constructor or null\");\r\n extendStatics(d, b);\r\n function __() { this.constructor = d; }\r\n d.prototype = b === null ? Object.create(b) : (__.prototype = b.prototype, new __());\r\n}\r\n\r\nexport var __assign = function() {\r\n __assign = Object.assign || function __assign(t) {\r\n for (var s, i = 1, n = arguments.length; i < n; i++) {\r\n s = arguments[i];\r\n for (var p in s) if (Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(s, p)) t[p] = s[p];\r\n }\r\n return t;\r\n }\r\n return __assign.apply(this, arguments);\r\n}\r\n\r\nexport function __rest(s, e) {\r\n var t = {};\r\n for (var p in s) if (Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(s, p) && e.indexOf(p) < 0)\r\n t[p] = s[p];\r\n if (s != null && typeof Object.getOwnPropertySymbols === \"function\")\r\n for (var i = 0, p = Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(s); i < p.length; i++) {\r\n if (e.indexOf(p[i]) < 0 && Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(s, p[i]))\r\n t[p[i]] = s[p[i]];\r\n }\r\n return t;\r\n}\r\n\r\nexport function __decorate(decorators, target, key, desc) {\r\n var c = arguments.length, r = c < 3 ? target : desc === null ? desc = Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(target, key) : desc, d;\r\n if (typeof Reflect === \"object\" && typeof Reflect.decorate === \"function\") r = Reflect.decorate(decorators, target, key, desc);\r\n else for (var i = decorators.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) if (d = decorators[i]) r = (c < 3 ? d(r) : c > 3 ? d(target, key, r) : d(target, key)) || r;\r\n return c > 3 && r && Object.defineProperty(target, key, r), r;\r\n}\r\n\r\nexport function __param(paramIndex, decorator) {\r\n return function (target, key) { decorator(target, key, paramIndex); }\r\n}\r\n\r\nexport function __metadata(metadataKey, metadataValue) {\r\n if (typeof Reflect === \"object\" && typeof Reflect.metadata === \"function\") return Reflect.metadata(metadataKey, metadataValue);\r\n}\r\n\r\nexport function __awaiter(thisArg, _arguments, P, generator) {\r\n function adopt(value) { return value instanceof P ? value : new P(function (resolve) { resolve(value); }); }\r\n return new (P || (P = Promise))(function (resolve, reject) {\r\n function fulfilled(value) { try { step(generator.next(value)); } catch (e) { reject(e); } }\r\n function rejected(value) { try { step(generator[\"throw\"](value)); } catch (e) { reject(e); } }\r\n function step(result) { result.done ? resolve(result.value) : adopt(result.value).then(fulfilled, rejected); }\r\n step((generator = generator.apply(thisArg, _arguments || [])).next());\r\n });\r\n}\r\n\r\nexport function __generator(thisArg, body) {\r\n var _ = { label: 0, sent: function() { if (t[0] & 1) throw t[1]; return t[1]; }, trys: [], ops: [] }, f, y, t, g;\r\n return g = { next: verb(0), \"throw\": verb(1), \"return\": verb(2) }, typeof Symbol === \"function\" && (g[Symbol.iterator] = function() { return this; }), g;\r\n function verb(n) { return function (v) { return step([n, v]); }; }\r\n function step(op) {\r\n if (f) throw new TypeError(\"Generator is already executing.\");\r\n while (_) try {\r\n if (f = 1, y && (t = op[0] & 2 ? y[\"return\"] : op[0] ? y[\"throw\"] || ((t = y[\"return\"]) && t.call(y), 0) : y.next) && !(t = t.call(y, op[1])).done) return t;\r\n if (y = 0, t) op = [op[0] & 2, t.value];\r\n switch (op[0]) {\r\n case 0: case 1: t = op; break;\r\n case 4: _.label++; return { value: op[1], done: false };\r\n case 5: _.label++; y = op[1]; op = [0]; continue;\r\n case 7: op = _.ops.pop(); _.trys.pop(); continue;\r\n default:\r\n if (!(t = _.trys, t = t.length > 0 && t[t.length - 1]) && (op[0] === 6 || op[0] === 2)) { _ = 0; continue; }\r\n if (op[0] === 3 && (!t || (op[1] > t[0] && op[1] < t[3]))) { _.label = op[1]; break; }\r\n if (op[0] === 6 && _.label < t[1]) { _.label = t[1]; t = op; break; }\r\n if (t && _.label < t[2]) { _.label = t[2]; _.ops.push(op); break; }\r\n if (t[2]) _.ops.pop();\r\n _.trys.pop(); continue;\r\n }\r\n op = body.call(thisArg, _);\r\n } catch (e) { op = [6, e]; y = 0; } finally { f = t = 0; }\r\n if (op[0] & 5) throw op[1]; return { value: op[0] ? op[1] : void 0, done: true };\r\n }\r\n}\r\n\r\nexport var __createBinding = Object.create ? (function(o, m, k, k2) {\r\n if (k2 === undefined) k2 = k;\r\n Object.defineProperty(o, k2, { enumerable: true, get: function() { return m[k]; } });\r\n}) : (function(o, m, k, k2) {\r\n if (k2 === undefined) k2 = k;\r\n o[k2] = m[k];\r\n});\r\n\r\nexport function __exportStar(m, o) {\r\n for (var p in m) if (p !== \"default\" && !Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(o, p)) __createBinding(o, m, p);\r\n}\r\n\r\nexport function __values(o) {\r\n var s = typeof Symbol === \"function\" && Symbol.iterator, m = s && o[s], i = 0;\r\n if (m) return m.call(o);\r\n if (o && typeof o.length === \"number\") return {\r\n next: function () {\r\n if (o && i >= o.length) o = void 0;\r\n return { value: o && o[i++], done: !o };\r\n }\r\n };\r\n throw new TypeError(s ? \"Object is not iterable.\" : \"Symbol.iterator is not defined.\");\r\n}\r\n\r\nexport function __read(o, n) {\r\n var m = typeof Symbol === \"function\" && o[Symbol.iterator];\r\n if (!m) return o;\r\n var i = m.call(o), r, ar = [], e;\r\n try {\r\n while ((n === void 0 || n-- > 0) && !(r = i.next()).done) ar.push(r.value);\r\n }\r\n catch (error) { e = { error: error }; }\r\n finally {\r\n try {\r\n if (r && !r.done && (m = i[\"return\"])) m.call(i);\r\n }\r\n finally { if (e) throw e.error; }\r\n }\r\n return ar;\r\n}\r\n\r\n/** @deprecated */\r\nexport function __spread() {\r\n for (var ar = [], i = 0; i < arguments.length; i++)\r\n ar = ar.concat(__read(arguments[i]));\r\n return ar;\r\n}\r\n\r\n/** @deprecated */\r\nexport function __spreadArrays() {\r\n for (var s = 0, i = 0, il = arguments.length; i < il; i++) s += arguments[i].length;\r\n for (var r = Array(s), k = 0, i = 0; i < il; i++)\r\n for (var a = arguments[i], j = 0, jl = a.length; j < jl; j++, k++)\r\n r[k] = a[j];\r\n return r;\r\n}\r\n\r\nexport function __spreadArray(to, from, pack) {\r\n if (pack || arguments.length === 2) for (var i = 0, l = from.length, ar; i < l; i++) {\r\n if (ar || !(i in from)) {\r\n if (!ar) ar = Array.prototype.slice.call(from, 0, i);\r\n ar[i] = from[i];\r\n }\r\n }\r\n return to.concat(ar || Array.prototype.slice.call(from));\r\n}\r\n\r\nexport function __await(v) {\r\n return this instanceof __await ? (this.v = v, this) : new __await(v);\r\n}\r\n\r\nexport function __asyncGenerator(thisArg, _arguments, generator) {\r\n if (!Symbol.asyncIterator) throw new TypeError(\"Symbol.asyncIterator is not defined.\");\r\n var g = generator.apply(thisArg, _arguments || []), i, q = [];\r\n return i = {}, verb(\"next\"), verb(\"throw\"), verb(\"return\"), i[Symbol.asyncIterator] = function () { return this; }, i;\r\n function verb(n) { if (g[n]) i[n] = function (v) { return new Promise(function (a, b) { q.push([n, v, a, b]) > 1 || resume(n, v); }); }; }\r\n function resume(n, v) { try { step(g[n](v)); } catch (e) { settle(q[0][3], e); } }\r\n function step(r) { r.value instanceof __await ? Promise.resolve(r.value.v).then(fulfill, reject) : settle(q[0][2], r); }\r\n function fulfill(value) { resume(\"next\", value); }\r\n function reject(value) { resume(\"throw\", value); }\r\n function settle(f, v) { if (f(v), q.shift(), q.length) resume(q[0][0], q[0][1]); }\r\n}\r\n\r\nexport function __asyncDelegator(o) {\r\n var i, p;\r\n return i = {}, verb(\"next\"), verb(\"throw\", function (e) { throw e; }), verb(\"return\"), i[Symbol.iterator] = function () { return this; }, i;\r\n function verb(n, f) { i[n] = o[n] ? function (v) { return (p = !p) ? { value: __await(o[n](v)), done: n === \"return\" } : f ? f(v) : v; } : f; }\r\n}\r\n\r\nexport function __asyncValues(o) {\r\n if (!Symbol.asyncIterator) throw new TypeError(\"Symbol.asyncIterator is not defined.\");\r\n var m = o[Symbol.asyncIterator], i;\r\n return m ? m.call(o) : (o = typeof __values === \"function\" ? __values(o) : o[Symbol.iterator](), i = {}, verb(\"next\"), verb(\"throw\"), verb(\"return\"), i[Symbol.asyncIterator] = function () { return this; }, i);\r\n function verb(n) { i[n] = o[n] && function (v) { return new Promise(function (resolve, reject) { v = o[n](v), settle(resolve, reject, v.done, v.value); }); }; }\r\n function settle(resolve, reject, d, v) { Promise.resolve(v).then(function(v) { resolve({ value: v, done: d }); }, reject); }\r\n}\r\n\r\nexport function __makeTemplateObject(cooked, raw) {\r\n if (Object.defineProperty) { Object.defineProperty(cooked, \"raw\", { value: raw }); } else { cooked.raw = raw; }\r\n return cooked;\r\n};\r\n\r\nvar __setModuleDefault = Object.create ? (function(o, v) {\r\n Object.defineProperty(o, \"default\", { enumerable: true, value: v });\r\n}) : function(o, v) {\r\n o[\"default\"] = v;\r\n};\r\n\r\nexport function __importStar(mod) {\r\n if (mod && mod.__esModule) return mod;\r\n var result = {};\r\n if (mod != null) for (var k in mod) if (k !== \"default\" && Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(mod, k)) __createBinding(result, mod, k);\r\n __setModuleDefault(result, mod);\r\n return result;\r\n}\r\n\r\nexport function __importDefault(mod) {\r\n return (mod && mod.__esModule) ? mod : { default: mod };\r\n}\r\n\r\nexport function __classPrivateFieldGet(receiver, state, kind, f) {\r\n if (kind === \"a\" && !f) throw new TypeError(\"Private accessor was defined without a getter\");\r\n if (typeof state === \"function\" ? receiver !== state || !f : !state.has(receiver)) throw new TypeError(\"Cannot read private member from an object whose class did not declare it\");\r\n return kind === \"m\" ? f : kind === \"a\" ? f.call(receiver) : f ? f.value : state.get(receiver);\r\n}\r\n\r\nexport function __classPrivateFieldSet(receiver, state, value, kind, f) {\r\n if (kind === \"m\") throw new TypeError(\"Private method is not writable\");\r\n if (kind === \"a\" && !f) throw new TypeError(\"Private accessor was defined without a setter\");\r\n if (typeof state === \"function\" ? receiver !== state || !f : !state.has(receiver)) throw new TypeError(\"Cannot write private member to an object whose class did not declare it\");\r\n return (kind === \"a\" ? f.call(receiver, value) : f ? f.value = value : state.set(receiver, value)), value;\r\n}\r\n", "/**\n * Returns true if the object is a function.\n * @param value The value to check\n */\nexport function isFunction(value: any): value is (...args: any[]) => any {\n return typeof value === 'function';\n}\n", "/**\n * Used to create Error subclasses until the community moves away from ES5.\n *\n * This is because compiling from TypeScript down to ES5 has issues with subclassing Errors\n * as well as other built-in types: https://github.com/Microsoft/TypeScript/issues/12123\n *\n * @param createImpl A factory function to create the actual constructor implementation. The returned\n * function should be a named function that calls `_super` internally.\n */\nexport function createErrorClass(createImpl: (_super: any) => any): T {\n const _super = (instance: any) => {\n Error.call(instance);\n instance.stack = new Error().stack;\n };\n\n const ctorFunc = createImpl(_super);\n ctorFunc.prototype = Object.create(Error.prototype);\n ctorFunc.prototype.constructor = ctorFunc;\n return ctorFunc;\n}\n", "import { createErrorClass } from './createErrorClass';\n\nexport interface UnsubscriptionError extends Error {\n readonly errors: any[];\n}\n\nexport interface UnsubscriptionErrorCtor {\n /**\n * @deprecated Internal implementation detail. Do not construct error instances.\n * Cannot be tagged as internal: https://github.com/ReactiveX/rxjs/issues/6269\n */\n new (errors: any[]): UnsubscriptionError;\n}\n\n/**\n * An error thrown when one or more errors have occurred during the\n * `unsubscribe` of a {@link Subscription}.\n */\nexport const UnsubscriptionError: UnsubscriptionErrorCtor = createErrorClass(\n (_super) =>\n function UnsubscriptionErrorImpl(this: any, errors: (Error | string)[]) {\n _super(this);\n this.message = errors\n ? `${errors.length} errors occurred during unsubscription:\n${errors.map((err, i) => `${i + 1}) ${err.toString()}`).join('\\n ')}`\n : '';\n this.name = 'UnsubscriptionError';\n this.errors = errors;\n }\n);\n", "/**\n * Removes an item from an array, mutating it.\n * @param arr The array to remove the item from\n * @param item The item to remove\n */\nexport function arrRemove(arr: T[] | undefined | null, item: T) {\n if (arr) {\n const index = arr.indexOf(item);\n 0 <= index && arr.splice(index, 1);\n }\n}\n", "import { isFunction } from './util/isFunction';\nimport { UnsubscriptionError } from './util/UnsubscriptionError';\nimport { SubscriptionLike, TeardownLogic, Unsubscribable } from './types';\nimport { arrRemove } from './util/arrRemove';\n\n/**\n * Represents a disposable resource, such as the execution of an Observable. A\n * Subscription has one important method, `unsubscribe`, that takes no argument\n * and just disposes the resource held by the subscription.\n *\n * Additionally, subscriptions may be grouped together through the `add()`\n * method, which will attach a child Subscription to the current Subscription.\n * When a Subscription is unsubscribed, all its children (and its grandchildren)\n * will be unsubscribed as well.\n *\n * @class Subscription\n */\nexport class Subscription implements SubscriptionLike {\n /** @nocollapse */\n public static EMPTY = (() => {\n const empty = new Subscription();\n empty.closed = true;\n return empty;\n })();\n\n /**\n * A flag to indicate whether this Subscription has already been unsubscribed.\n */\n public closed = false;\n\n private _parentage: Subscription[] | Subscription | null = null;\n\n /**\n * The list of registered finalizers to execute upon unsubscription. Adding and removing from this\n * list occurs in the {@link #add} and {@link #remove} methods.\n */\n private _finalizers: Exclude[] | null = null;\n\n /**\n * @param initialTeardown A function executed first as part of the finalization\n * process that is kicked off when {@link #unsubscribe} is called.\n */\n constructor(private initialTeardown?: () => void) {}\n\n /**\n * Disposes the resources held by the subscription. May, for instance, cancel\n * an ongoing Observable execution or cancel any other type of work that\n * started when the Subscription was created.\n * @return {void}\n */\n unsubscribe(): void {\n let errors: any[] | undefined;\n\n if (!this.closed) {\n this.closed = true;\n\n // Remove this from it's parents.\n const { _parentage } = this;\n if (_parentage) {\n this._parentage = null;\n if (Array.isArray(_parentage)) {\n for (const parent of _parentage) {\n parent.remove(this);\n }\n } else {\n _parentage.remove(this);\n }\n }\n\n const { initialTeardown: initialFinalizer } = this;\n if (isFunction(initialFinalizer)) {\n try {\n initialFinalizer();\n } catch (e) {\n errors = e instanceof UnsubscriptionError ? e.errors : [e];\n }\n }\n\n const { _finalizers } = this;\n if (_finalizers) {\n this._finalizers = null;\n for (const finalizer of _finalizers) {\n try {\n execFinalizer(finalizer);\n } catch (err) {\n errors = errors ?? [];\n if (err instanceof UnsubscriptionError) {\n errors = [...errors, ...err.errors];\n } else {\n errors.push(err);\n }\n }\n }\n }\n\n if (errors) {\n throw new UnsubscriptionError(errors);\n }\n }\n }\n\n /**\n * Adds a finalizer to this subscription, so that finalization will be unsubscribed/called\n * when this subscription is unsubscribed. If this subscription is already {@link #closed},\n * because it has already been unsubscribed, then whatever finalizer is passed to it\n * will automatically be executed (unless the finalizer itself is also a closed subscription).\n *\n * Closed Subscriptions cannot be added as finalizers to any subscription. Adding a closed\n * subscription to a any subscription will result in no operation. (A noop).\n *\n * Adding a subscription to itself, or adding `null` or `undefined` will not perform any\n * operation at all. (A noop).\n *\n * `Subscription` instances that are added to this instance will automatically remove themselves\n * if they are unsubscribed. Functions and {@link Unsubscribable} objects that you wish to remove\n * will need to be removed manually with {@link #remove}\n *\n * @param teardown The finalization logic to add to this subscription.\n */\n add(teardown: TeardownLogic): void {\n // Only add the finalizer if it's not undefined\n // and don't add a subscription to itself.\n if (teardown && teardown !== this) {\n if (this.closed) {\n // If this subscription is already closed,\n // execute whatever finalizer is handed to it automatically.\n execFinalizer(teardown);\n } else {\n if (teardown instanceof Subscription) {\n // We don't add closed subscriptions, and we don't add the same subscription\n // twice. Subscription unsubscribe is idempotent.\n if (teardown.closed || teardown._hasParent(this)) {\n return;\n }\n teardown._addParent(this);\n }\n (this._finalizers = this._finalizers ?? []).push(teardown);\n }\n }\n }\n\n /**\n * Checks to see if a this subscription already has a particular parent.\n * This will signal that this subscription has already been added to the parent in question.\n * @param parent the parent to check for\n */\n private _hasParent(parent: Subscription) {\n const { _parentage } = this;\n return _parentage === parent || (Array.isArray(_parentage) && _parentage.includes(parent));\n }\n\n /**\n * Adds a parent to this subscription so it can be removed from the parent if it\n * unsubscribes on it's own.\n *\n * NOTE: THIS ASSUMES THAT {@link _hasParent} HAS ALREADY BEEN CHECKED.\n * @param parent The parent subscription to add\n */\n private _addParent(parent: Subscription) {\n const { _parentage } = this;\n this._parentage = Array.isArray(_parentage) ? (_parentage.push(parent), _parentage) : _parentage ? [_parentage, parent] : parent;\n }\n\n /**\n * Called on a child when it is removed via {@link #remove}.\n * @param parent The parent to remove\n */\n private _removeParent(parent: Subscription) {\n const { _parentage } = this;\n if (_parentage === parent) {\n this._parentage = null;\n } else if (Array.isArray(_parentage)) {\n arrRemove(_parentage, parent);\n }\n }\n\n /**\n * Removes a finalizer from this subscription that was previously added with the {@link #add} method.\n *\n * Note that `Subscription` instances, when unsubscribed, will automatically remove themselves\n * from every other `Subscription` they have been added to. This means that using the `remove` method\n * is not a common thing and should be used thoughtfully.\n *\n * If you add the same finalizer instance of a function or an unsubscribable object to a `Subscription` instance\n * more than once, you will need to call `remove` the same number of times to remove all instances.\n *\n * All finalizer instances are removed to free up memory upon unsubscription.\n *\n * @param teardown The finalizer to remove from this subscription\n */\n remove(teardown: Exclude): void {\n const { _finalizers } = this;\n _finalizers && arrRemove(_finalizers, teardown);\n\n if (teardown instanceof Subscription) {\n teardown._removeParent(this);\n }\n }\n}\n\nexport const EMPTY_SUBSCRIPTION = Subscription.EMPTY;\n\nexport function isSubscription(value: any): value is Subscription {\n return (\n value instanceof Subscription ||\n (value && 'closed' in value && isFunction(value.remove) && isFunction(value.add) && isFunction(value.unsubscribe))\n );\n}\n\nfunction execFinalizer(finalizer: Unsubscribable | (() => void)) {\n if (isFunction(finalizer)) {\n finalizer();\n } else {\n finalizer.unsubscribe();\n }\n}\n", "import { Subscriber } from './Subscriber';\nimport { ObservableNotification } from './types';\n\n/**\n * The {@link GlobalConfig} object for RxJS. It is used to configure things\n * like how to react on unhandled errors.\n */\nexport const config: GlobalConfig = {\n onUnhandledError: null,\n onStoppedNotification: null,\n Promise: undefined,\n useDeprecatedSynchronousErrorHandling: false,\n useDeprecatedNextContext: false,\n};\n\n/**\n * The global configuration object for RxJS, used to configure things\n * like how to react on unhandled errors. Accessible via {@link config}\n * object.\n */\nexport interface GlobalConfig {\n /**\n * A registration point for unhandled errors from RxJS. These are errors that\n * cannot were not handled by consuming code in the usual subscription path. For\n * example, if you have this configured, and you subscribe to an observable without\n * providing an error handler, errors from that subscription will end up here. This\n * will _always_ be called asynchronously on another job in the runtime. This is because\n * we do not want errors thrown in this user-configured handler to interfere with the\n * behavior of the library.\n */\n onUnhandledError: ((err: any) => void) | null;\n\n /**\n * A registration point for notifications that cannot be sent to subscribers because they\n * have completed, errored or have been explicitly unsubscribed. By default, next, complete\n * and error notifications sent to stopped subscribers are noops. However, sometimes callers\n * might want a different behavior. For example, with sources that attempt to report errors\n * to stopped subscribers, a caller can configure RxJS to throw an unhandled error instead.\n * This will _always_ be called asynchronously on another job in the runtime. This is because\n * we do not want errors thrown in this user-configured handler to interfere with the\n * behavior of the library.\n */\n onStoppedNotification: ((notification: ObservableNotification, subscriber: Subscriber) => void) | null;\n\n /**\n * The promise constructor used by default for {@link Observable#toPromise toPromise} and {@link Observable#forEach forEach}\n * methods.\n *\n * @deprecated As of version 8, RxJS will no longer support this sort of injection of a\n * Promise constructor. If you need a Promise implementation other than native promises,\n * please polyfill/patch Promise as you see appropriate. Will be removed in v8.\n */\n Promise?: PromiseConstructorLike;\n\n /**\n * If true, turns on synchronous error rethrowing, which is a deprecated behavior\n * in v6 and higher. This behavior enables bad patterns like wrapping a subscribe\n * call in a try/catch block. It also enables producer interference, a nasty bug\n * where a multicast can be broken for all observers by a downstream consumer with\n * an unhandled error. DO NOT USE THIS FLAG UNLESS IT'S NEEDED TO BUY TIME\n * FOR MIGRATION REASONS.\n *\n * @deprecated As of version 8, RxJS will no longer support synchronous throwing\n * of unhandled errors. All errors will be thrown on a separate call stack to prevent bad\n * behaviors described above. Will be removed in v8.\n */\n useDeprecatedSynchronousErrorHandling: boolean;\n\n /**\n * If true, enables an as-of-yet undocumented feature from v5: The ability to access\n * `unsubscribe()` via `this` context in `next` functions created in observers passed\n * to `subscribe`.\n *\n * This is being removed because the performance was severely problematic, and it could also cause\n * issues when types other than POJOs are passed to subscribe as subscribers, as they will likely have\n * their `this` context overwritten.\n *\n * @deprecated As of version 8, RxJS will no longer support altering the\n * context of next functions provided as part of an observer to Subscribe. Instead,\n * you will have access to a subscription or a signal or token that will allow you to do things like\n * unsubscribe and test closed status. Will be removed in v8.\n */\n useDeprecatedNextContext: boolean;\n}\n", "import type { TimerHandle } from './timerHandle';\ntype SetTimeoutFunction = (handler: () => void, timeout?: number, ...args: any[]) => TimerHandle;\ntype ClearTimeoutFunction = (handle: TimerHandle) => void;\n\ninterface TimeoutProvider {\n setTimeout: SetTimeoutFunction;\n clearTimeout: ClearTimeoutFunction;\n delegate:\n | {\n setTimeout: SetTimeoutFunction;\n clearTimeout: ClearTimeoutFunction;\n }\n | undefined;\n}\n\nexport const timeoutProvider: TimeoutProvider = {\n // When accessing the delegate, use the variable rather than `this` so that\n // the functions can be called without being bound to the provider.\n setTimeout(handler: () => void, timeout?: number, ...args) {\n const { delegate } = timeoutProvider;\n if (delegate?.setTimeout) {\n return delegate.setTimeout(handler, timeout, ...args);\n }\n return setTimeout(handler, timeout, ...args);\n },\n clearTimeout(handle) {\n const { delegate } = timeoutProvider;\n return (delegate?.clearTimeout || clearTimeout)(handle as any);\n },\n delegate: undefined,\n};\n", "import { config } from '../config';\nimport { timeoutProvider } from '../scheduler/timeoutProvider';\n\n/**\n * Handles an error on another job either with the user-configured {@link onUnhandledError},\n * or by throwing it on that new job so it can be picked up by `window.onerror`, `process.on('error')`, etc.\n *\n * This should be called whenever there is an error that is out-of-band with the subscription\n * or when an error hits a terminal boundary of the subscription and no error handler was provided.\n *\n * @param err the error to report\n */\nexport function reportUnhandledError(err: any) {\n timeoutProvider.setTimeout(() => {\n const { onUnhandledError } = config;\n if (onUnhandledError) {\n // Execute the user-configured error handler.\n onUnhandledError(err);\n } else {\n // Throw so it is picked up by the runtime's uncaught error mechanism.\n throw err;\n }\n });\n}\n", "/* tslint:disable:no-empty */\nexport function noop() { }\n", "import { CompleteNotification, NextNotification, ErrorNotification } from './types';\n\n/**\n * A completion object optimized for memory use and created to be the\n * same \"shape\" as other notifications in v8.\n * @internal\n */\nexport const COMPLETE_NOTIFICATION = (() => createNotification('C', undefined, undefined) as CompleteNotification)();\n\n/**\n * Internal use only. Creates an optimized error notification that is the same \"shape\"\n * as other notifications.\n * @internal\n */\nexport function errorNotification(error: any): ErrorNotification {\n return createNotification('E', undefined, error) as any;\n}\n\n/**\n * Internal use only. Creates an optimized next notification that is the same \"shape\"\n * as other notifications.\n * @internal\n */\nexport function nextNotification(value: T) {\n return createNotification('N', value, undefined) as NextNotification;\n}\n\n/**\n * Ensures that all notifications created internally have the same \"shape\" in v8.\n *\n * TODO: This is only exported to support a crazy legacy test in `groupBy`.\n * @internal\n */\nexport function createNotification(kind: 'N' | 'E' | 'C', value: any, error: any) {\n return {\n kind,\n value,\n error,\n };\n}\n", "import { config } from '../config';\n\nlet context: { errorThrown: boolean; error: any } | null = null;\n\n/**\n * Handles dealing with errors for super-gross mode. Creates a context, in which\n * any synchronously thrown errors will be passed to {@link captureError}. Which\n * will record the error such that it will be rethrown after the call back is complete.\n * TODO: Remove in v8\n * @param cb An immediately executed function.\n */\nexport function errorContext(cb: () => void) {\n if (config.useDeprecatedSynchronousErrorHandling) {\n const isRoot = !context;\n if (isRoot) {\n context = { errorThrown: false, error: null };\n }\n cb();\n if (isRoot) {\n const { errorThrown, error } = context!;\n context = null;\n if (errorThrown) {\n throw error;\n }\n }\n } else {\n // This is the general non-deprecated path for everyone that\n // isn't crazy enough to use super-gross mode (useDeprecatedSynchronousErrorHandling)\n cb();\n }\n}\n\n/**\n * Captures errors only in super-gross mode.\n * @param err the error to capture\n */\nexport function captureError(err: any) {\n if (config.useDeprecatedSynchronousErrorHandling && context) {\n context.errorThrown = true;\n context.error = err;\n }\n}\n", "import { isFunction } from './util/isFunction';\nimport { Observer, ObservableNotification } from './types';\nimport { isSubscription, Subscription } from './Subscription';\nimport { config } from './config';\nimport { reportUnhandledError } from './util/reportUnhandledError';\nimport { noop } from './util/noop';\nimport { nextNotification, errorNotification, COMPLETE_NOTIFICATION } from './NotificationFactories';\nimport { timeoutProvider } from './scheduler/timeoutProvider';\nimport { captureError } from './util/errorContext';\n\n/**\n * Implements the {@link Observer} interface and extends the\n * {@link Subscription} class. While the {@link Observer} is the public API for\n * consuming the values of an {@link Observable}, all Observers get converted to\n * a Subscriber, in order to provide Subscription-like capabilities such as\n * `unsubscribe`. Subscriber is a common type in RxJS, and crucial for\n * implementing operators, but it is rarely used as a public API.\n *\n * @class Subscriber\n */\nexport class Subscriber extends Subscription implements Observer {\n /**\n * A static factory for a Subscriber, given a (potentially partial) definition\n * of an Observer.\n * @param next The `next` callback of an Observer.\n * @param error The `error` callback of an\n * Observer.\n * @param complete The `complete` callback of an\n * Observer.\n * @return A Subscriber wrapping the (partially defined)\n * Observer represented by the given arguments.\n * @nocollapse\n * @deprecated Do not use. Will be removed in v8. There is no replacement for this\n * method, and there is no reason to be creating instances of `Subscriber` directly.\n * If you have a specific use case, please file an issue.\n */\n static create(next?: (x?: T) => void, error?: (e?: any) => void, complete?: () => void): Subscriber {\n return new SafeSubscriber(next, error, complete);\n }\n\n /** @deprecated Internal implementation detail, do not use directly. Will be made internal in v8. */\n protected isStopped: boolean = false;\n /** @deprecated Internal implementation detail, do not use directly. Will be made internal in v8. */\n protected destination: Subscriber | Observer; // this `any` is the escape hatch to erase extra type param (e.g. R)\n\n /**\n * @deprecated Internal implementation detail, do not use directly. Will be made internal in v8.\n * There is no reason to directly create an instance of Subscriber. This type is exported for typings reasons.\n */\n constructor(destination?: Subscriber | Observer) {\n super();\n if (destination) {\n this.destination = destination;\n // Automatically chain subscriptions together here.\n // if destination is a Subscription, then it is a Subscriber.\n if (isSubscription(destination)) {\n destination.add(this);\n }\n } else {\n this.destination = EMPTY_OBSERVER;\n }\n }\n\n /**\n * The {@link Observer} callback to receive notifications of type `next` from\n * the Observable, with a value. The Observable may call this method 0 or more\n * times.\n * @param {T} [value] The `next` value.\n * @return {void}\n */\n next(value?: T): void {\n if (this.isStopped) {\n handleStoppedNotification(nextNotification(value), this);\n } else {\n this._next(value!);\n }\n }\n\n /**\n * The {@link Observer} callback to receive notifications of type `error` from\n * the Observable, with an attached `Error`. Notifies the Observer that\n * the Observable has experienced an error condition.\n * @param {any} [err] The `error` exception.\n * @return {void}\n */\n error(err?: any): void {\n if (this.isStopped) {\n handleStoppedNotification(errorNotification(err), this);\n } else {\n this.isStopped = true;\n this._error(err);\n }\n }\n\n /**\n * The {@link Observer} callback to receive a valueless notification of type\n * `complete` from the Observable. Notifies the Observer that the Observable\n * has finished sending push-based notifications.\n * @return {void}\n */\n complete(): void {\n if (this.isStopped) {\n handleStoppedNotification(COMPLETE_NOTIFICATION, this);\n } else {\n this.isStopped = true;\n this._complete();\n }\n }\n\n unsubscribe(): void {\n if (!this.closed) {\n this.isStopped = true;\n super.unsubscribe();\n this.destination = null!;\n }\n }\n\n protected _next(value: T): void {\n this.destination.next(value);\n }\n\n protected _error(err: any): void {\n try {\n this.destination.error(err);\n } finally {\n this.unsubscribe();\n }\n }\n\n protected _complete(): void {\n try {\n this.destination.complete();\n } finally {\n this.unsubscribe();\n }\n }\n}\n\n/**\n * This bind is captured here because we want to be able to have\n * compatibility with monoid libraries that tend to use a method named\n * `bind`. In particular, a library called Monio requires this.\n */\nconst _bind = Function.prototype.bind;\n\nfunction bind any>(fn: Fn, thisArg: any): Fn {\n return _bind.call(fn, thisArg);\n}\n\n/**\n * Internal optimization only, DO NOT EXPOSE.\n * @internal\n */\nclass ConsumerObserver implements Observer {\n constructor(private partialObserver: Partial>) {}\n\n next(value: T): void {\n const { partialObserver } = this;\n if (partialObserver.next) {\n try {\n partialObserver.next(value);\n } catch (error) {\n handleUnhandledError(error);\n }\n }\n }\n\n error(err: any): void {\n const { partialObserver } = this;\n if (partialObserver.error) {\n try {\n partialObserver.error(err);\n } catch (error) {\n handleUnhandledError(error);\n }\n } else {\n handleUnhandledError(err);\n }\n }\n\n complete(): void {\n const { partialObserver } = this;\n if (partialObserver.complete) {\n try {\n partialObserver.complete();\n } catch (error) {\n handleUnhandledError(error);\n }\n }\n }\n}\n\nexport class SafeSubscriber extends Subscriber {\n constructor(\n observerOrNext?: Partial> | ((value: T) => void) | null,\n error?: ((e?: any) => void) | null,\n complete?: (() => void) | null\n ) {\n super();\n\n let partialObserver: Partial>;\n if (isFunction(observerOrNext) || !observerOrNext) {\n // The first argument is a function, not an observer. The next\n // two arguments *could* be observers, or they could be empty.\n partialObserver = {\n next: (observerOrNext ?? undefined) as (((value: T) => void) | undefined),\n error: error ?? undefined,\n complete: complete ?? undefined,\n };\n } else {\n // The first argument is a partial observer.\n let context: any;\n if (this && config.useDeprecatedNextContext) {\n // This is a deprecated path that made `this.unsubscribe()` available in\n // next handler functions passed to subscribe. This only exists behind a flag\n // now, as it is *very* slow.\n context = Object.create(observerOrNext);\n context.unsubscribe = () => this.unsubscribe();\n partialObserver = {\n next: observerOrNext.next && bind(observerOrNext.next, context),\n error: observerOrNext.error && bind(observerOrNext.error, context),\n complete: observerOrNext.complete && bind(observerOrNext.complete, context),\n };\n } else {\n // The \"normal\" path. Just use the partial observer directly.\n partialObserver = observerOrNext;\n }\n }\n\n // Wrap the partial observer to ensure it's a full observer, and\n // make sure proper error handling is accounted for.\n this.destination = new ConsumerObserver(partialObserver);\n }\n}\n\nfunction handleUnhandledError(error: any) {\n if (config.useDeprecatedSynchronousErrorHandling) {\n captureError(error);\n } else {\n // Ideal path, we report this as an unhandled error,\n // which is thrown on a new call stack.\n reportUnhandledError(error);\n }\n}\n\n/**\n * An error handler used when no error handler was supplied\n * to the SafeSubscriber -- meaning no error handler was supplied\n * do the `subscribe` call on our observable.\n * @param err The error to handle\n */\nfunction defaultErrorHandler(err: any) {\n throw err;\n}\n\n/**\n * A handler for notifications that cannot be sent to a stopped subscriber.\n * @param notification The notification being sent\n * @param subscriber The stopped subscriber\n */\nfunction handleStoppedNotification(notification: ObservableNotification, subscriber: Subscriber) {\n const { onStoppedNotification } = config;\n onStoppedNotification && timeoutProvider.setTimeout(() => onStoppedNotification(notification, subscriber));\n}\n\n/**\n * The observer used as a stub for subscriptions where the user did not\n * pass any arguments to `subscribe`. Comes with the default error handling\n * behavior.\n */\nexport const EMPTY_OBSERVER: Readonly> & { closed: true } = {\n closed: true,\n next: noop,\n error: defaultErrorHandler,\n complete: noop,\n};\n", "/**\n * Symbol.observable or a string \"@@observable\". Used for interop\n *\n * @deprecated We will no longer be exporting this symbol in upcoming versions of RxJS.\n * Instead polyfill and use Symbol.observable directly *or* use https://www.npmjs.com/package/symbol-observable\n */\nexport const observable: string | symbol = (() => (typeof Symbol === 'function' && Symbol.observable) || '@@observable')();\n", "/**\n * This function takes one parameter and just returns it. Simply put,\n * this is like `(x: T): T => x`.\n *\n * ## Examples\n *\n * This is useful in some cases when using things like `mergeMap`\n *\n * ```ts\n * import { interval, take, map, range, mergeMap, identity } from 'rxjs';\n *\n * const source$ = interval(1000).pipe(take(5));\n *\n * const result$ = source$.pipe(\n * map(i => range(i)),\n * mergeMap(identity) // same as mergeMap(x => x)\n * );\n *\n * result$.subscribe({\n * next: console.log\n * });\n * ```\n *\n * Or when you want to selectively apply an operator\n *\n * ```ts\n * import { interval, take, identity } from 'rxjs';\n *\n * const shouldLimit = () => Math.random() < 0.5;\n *\n * const source$ = interval(1000);\n *\n * const result$ = source$.pipe(shouldLimit() ? take(5) : identity);\n *\n * result$.subscribe({\n * next: console.log\n * });\n * ```\n *\n * @param x Any value that is returned by this function\n * @returns The value passed as the first parameter to this function\n */\nexport function identity(x: T): T {\n return x;\n}\n", "import { identity } from './identity';\nimport { UnaryFunction } from '../types';\n\nexport function pipe(): typeof identity;\nexport function pipe(fn1: UnaryFunction): UnaryFunction;\nexport function pipe(fn1: UnaryFunction, fn2: UnaryFunction): UnaryFunction;\nexport function pipe(fn1: UnaryFunction, fn2: UnaryFunction, fn3: UnaryFunction): UnaryFunction;\nexport function pipe(\n fn1: UnaryFunction,\n fn2: UnaryFunction,\n fn3: UnaryFunction,\n fn4: UnaryFunction\n): UnaryFunction;\nexport function pipe(\n fn1: UnaryFunction,\n fn2: UnaryFunction,\n fn3: UnaryFunction,\n fn4: UnaryFunction,\n fn5: UnaryFunction\n): UnaryFunction;\nexport function pipe(\n fn1: UnaryFunction,\n fn2: UnaryFunction,\n fn3: UnaryFunction,\n fn4: UnaryFunction,\n fn5: UnaryFunction,\n fn6: UnaryFunction\n): UnaryFunction;\nexport function pipe(\n fn1: UnaryFunction,\n fn2: UnaryFunction,\n fn3: UnaryFunction,\n fn4: UnaryFunction,\n fn5: UnaryFunction,\n fn6: UnaryFunction,\n fn7: UnaryFunction\n): UnaryFunction;\nexport function pipe(\n fn1: UnaryFunction,\n fn2: UnaryFunction,\n fn3: UnaryFunction,\n fn4: UnaryFunction,\n fn5: UnaryFunction,\n fn6: UnaryFunction,\n fn7: UnaryFunction,\n fn8: UnaryFunction\n): UnaryFunction;\nexport function pipe(\n fn1: UnaryFunction,\n fn2: UnaryFunction,\n fn3: UnaryFunction,\n fn4: UnaryFunction,\n fn5: UnaryFunction,\n fn6: UnaryFunction,\n fn7: UnaryFunction,\n fn8: UnaryFunction,\n fn9: UnaryFunction\n): UnaryFunction;\nexport function pipe(\n fn1: UnaryFunction,\n fn2: UnaryFunction,\n fn3: UnaryFunction,\n fn4: UnaryFunction,\n fn5: UnaryFunction,\n fn6: UnaryFunction,\n fn7: UnaryFunction,\n fn8: UnaryFunction,\n fn9: UnaryFunction,\n ...fns: UnaryFunction[]\n): UnaryFunction;\n\n/**\n * pipe() can be called on one or more functions, each of which can take one argument (\"UnaryFunction\")\n * and uses it to return a value.\n * It returns a function that takes one argument, passes it to the first UnaryFunction, and then\n * passes the result to the next one, passes that result to the next one, and so on. \n */\nexport function pipe(...fns: Array>): UnaryFunction {\n return pipeFromArray(fns);\n}\n\n/** @internal */\nexport function pipeFromArray(fns: Array>): UnaryFunction {\n if (fns.length === 0) {\n return identity as UnaryFunction;\n }\n\n if (fns.length === 1) {\n return fns[0];\n }\n\n return function piped(input: T): R {\n return fns.reduce((prev: any, fn: UnaryFunction) => fn(prev), input as any);\n };\n}\n", "import { Operator } from './Operator';\nimport { SafeSubscriber, Subscriber } from './Subscriber';\nimport { isSubscription, Subscription } from './Subscription';\nimport { TeardownLogic, OperatorFunction, Subscribable, Observer } from './types';\nimport { observable as Symbol_observable } from './symbol/observable';\nimport { pipeFromArray } from './util/pipe';\nimport { config } from './config';\nimport { isFunction } from './util/isFunction';\nimport { errorContext } from './util/errorContext';\n\n/**\n * A representation of any set of values over any amount of time. This is the most basic building block\n * of RxJS.\n *\n * @class Observable\n */\nexport class Observable implements Subscribable {\n /**\n * @deprecated Internal implementation detail, do not use directly. Will be made internal in v8.\n */\n source: Observable | undefined;\n\n /**\n * @deprecated Internal implementation detail, do not use directly. Will be made internal in v8.\n */\n operator: Operator | undefined;\n\n /**\n * @constructor\n * @param {Function} subscribe the function that is called when the Observable is\n * initially subscribed to. This function is given a Subscriber, to which new values\n * can be `next`ed, or an `error` method can be called to raise an error, or\n * `complete` can be called to notify of a successful completion.\n */\n constructor(subscribe?: (this: Observable, subscriber: Subscriber) => TeardownLogic) {\n if (subscribe) {\n this._subscribe = subscribe;\n }\n }\n\n // HACK: Since TypeScript inherits static properties too, we have to\n // fight against TypeScript here so Subject can have a different static create signature\n /**\n * Creates a new Observable by calling the Observable constructor\n * @owner Observable\n * @method create\n * @param {Function} subscribe? the subscriber function to be passed to the Observable constructor\n * @return {Observable} a new observable\n * @nocollapse\n * @deprecated Use `new Observable()` instead. Will be removed in v8.\n */\n static create: (...args: any[]) => any = (subscribe?: (subscriber: Subscriber) => TeardownLogic) => {\n return new Observable(subscribe);\n };\n\n /**\n * Creates a new Observable, with this Observable instance as the source, and the passed\n * operator defined as the new observable's operator.\n * @method lift\n * @param operator the operator defining the operation to take on the observable\n * @return a new observable with the Operator applied\n * @deprecated Internal implementation detail, do not use directly. Will be made internal in v8.\n * If you have implemented an operator using `lift`, it is recommended that you create an\n * operator by simply returning `new Observable()` directly. See \"Creating new operators from\n * scratch\" section here: https://rxjs.dev/guide/operators\n */\n lift(operator?: Operator): Observable {\n const observable = new Observable();\n observable.source = this;\n observable.operator = operator;\n return observable;\n }\n\n subscribe(observerOrNext?: Partial> | ((value: T) => void)): Subscription;\n /** @deprecated Instead of passing separate callback arguments, use an observer argument. Signatures taking separate callback arguments will be removed in v8. Details: https://rxjs.dev/deprecations/subscribe-arguments */\n subscribe(next?: ((value: T) => void) | null, error?: ((error: any) => void) | null, complete?: (() => void) | null): Subscription;\n /**\n * Invokes an execution of an Observable and registers Observer handlers for notifications it will emit.\n *\n * Use it when you have all these Observables, but still nothing is happening.\n *\n * `subscribe` is not a regular operator, but a method that calls Observable's internal `subscribe` function. It\n * might be for example a function that you passed to Observable's constructor, but most of the time it is\n * a library implementation, which defines what will be emitted by an Observable, and when it be will emitted. This means\n * that calling `subscribe` is actually the moment when Observable starts its work, not when it is created, as it is often\n * the thought.\n *\n * Apart from starting the execution of an Observable, this method allows you to listen for values\n * that an Observable emits, as well as for when it completes or errors. You can achieve this in two\n * of the following ways.\n *\n * The first way is creating an object that implements {@link Observer} interface. It should have methods\n * defined by that interface, but note that it should be just a regular JavaScript object, which you can create\n * yourself in any way you want (ES6 class, classic function constructor, object literal etc.). In particular, do\n * not attempt to use any RxJS implementation details to create Observers - you don't need them. Remember also\n * that your object does not have to implement all methods. If you find yourself creating a method that doesn't\n * do anything, you can simply omit it. Note however, if the `error` method is not provided and an error happens,\n * it will be thrown asynchronously. Errors thrown asynchronously cannot be caught using `try`/`catch`. Instead,\n * use the {@link onUnhandledError} configuration option or use a runtime handler (like `window.onerror` or\n * `process.on('error)`) to be notified of unhandled errors. Because of this, it's recommended that you provide\n * an `error` method to avoid missing thrown errors.\n *\n * The second way is to give up on Observer object altogether and simply provide callback functions in place of its methods.\n * This means you can provide three functions as arguments to `subscribe`, where the first function is equivalent\n * of a `next` method, the second of an `error` method and the third of a `complete` method. Just as in case of an Observer,\n * if you do not need to listen for something, you can omit a function by passing `undefined` or `null`,\n * since `subscribe` recognizes these functions by where they were placed in function call. When it comes\n * to the `error` function, as with an Observer, if not provided, errors emitted by an Observable will be thrown asynchronously.\n *\n * You can, however, subscribe with no parameters at all. This may be the case where you're not interested in terminal events\n * and you also handled emissions internally by using operators (e.g. using `tap`).\n *\n * Whichever style of calling `subscribe` you use, in both cases it returns a Subscription object.\n * This object allows you to call `unsubscribe` on it, which in turn will stop the work that an Observable does and will clean\n * up all resources that an Observable used. Note that cancelling a subscription will not call `complete` callback\n * provided to `subscribe` function, which is reserved for a regular completion signal that comes from an Observable.\n *\n * Remember that callbacks provided to `subscribe` are not guaranteed to be called asynchronously.\n * It is an Observable itself that decides when these functions will be called. For example {@link of}\n * by default emits all its values synchronously. Always check documentation for how given Observable\n * will behave when subscribed and if its default behavior can be modified with a `scheduler`.\n *\n * #### Examples\n *\n * Subscribe with an {@link guide/observer Observer}\n *\n * ```ts\n * import { of } from 'rxjs';\n *\n * const sumObserver = {\n * sum: 0,\n * next(value) {\n * console.log('Adding: ' + value);\n * this.sum = this.sum + value;\n * },\n * error() {\n * // We actually could just remove this method,\n * // since we do not really care about errors right now.\n * },\n * complete() {\n * console.log('Sum equals: ' + this.sum);\n * }\n * };\n *\n * of(1, 2, 3) // Synchronously emits 1, 2, 3 and then completes.\n * .subscribe(sumObserver);\n *\n * // Logs:\n * // 'Adding: 1'\n * // 'Adding: 2'\n * // 'Adding: 3'\n * // 'Sum equals: 6'\n * ```\n *\n * Subscribe with functions ({@link deprecations/subscribe-arguments deprecated})\n *\n * ```ts\n * import { of } from 'rxjs'\n *\n * let sum = 0;\n *\n * of(1, 2, 3).subscribe(\n * value => {\n * console.log('Adding: ' + value);\n * sum = sum + value;\n * },\n * undefined,\n * () => console.log('Sum equals: ' + sum)\n * );\n *\n * // Logs:\n * // 'Adding: 1'\n * // 'Adding: 2'\n * // 'Adding: 3'\n * // 'Sum equals: 6'\n * ```\n *\n * Cancel a subscription\n *\n * ```ts\n * import { interval } from 'rxjs';\n *\n * const subscription = interval(1000).subscribe({\n * next(num) {\n * console.log(num)\n * },\n * complete() {\n * // Will not be called, even when cancelling subscription.\n * console.log('completed!');\n * }\n * });\n *\n * setTimeout(() => {\n * subscription.unsubscribe();\n * console.log('unsubscribed!');\n * }, 2500);\n *\n * // Logs:\n * // 0 after 1s\n * // 1 after 2s\n * // 'unsubscribed!' after 2.5s\n * ```\n *\n * @param {Observer|Function} observerOrNext (optional) Either an observer with methods to be called,\n * or the first of three possible handlers, which is the handler for each value emitted from the subscribed\n * Observable.\n * @param {Function} error (optional) A handler for a terminal event resulting from an error. If no error handler is provided,\n * the error will be thrown asynchronously as unhandled.\n * @param {Function} complete (optional) A handler for a terminal event resulting from successful completion.\n * @return {Subscription} a subscription reference to the registered handlers\n * @method subscribe\n */\n subscribe(\n observerOrNext?: Partial> | ((value: T) => void) | null,\n error?: ((error: any) => void) | null,\n complete?: (() => void) | null\n ): Subscription {\n const subscriber = isSubscriber(observerOrNext) ? observerOrNext : new SafeSubscriber(observerOrNext, error, complete);\n\n errorContext(() => {\n const { operator, source } = this;\n subscriber.add(\n operator\n ? // We're dealing with a subscription in the\n // operator chain to one of our lifted operators.\n operator.call(subscriber, source)\n : source\n ? // If `source` has a value, but `operator` does not, something that\n // had intimate knowledge of our API, like our `Subject`, must have\n // set it. We're going to just call `_subscribe` directly.\n this._subscribe(subscriber)\n : // In all other cases, we're likely wrapping a user-provided initializer\n // function, so we need to catch errors and handle them appropriately.\n this._trySubscribe(subscriber)\n );\n });\n\n return subscriber;\n }\n\n /** @internal */\n protected _trySubscribe(sink: Subscriber): TeardownLogic {\n try {\n return this._subscribe(sink);\n } catch (err) {\n // We don't need to return anything in this case,\n // because it's just going to try to `add()` to a subscription\n // above.\n sink.error(err);\n }\n }\n\n /**\n * Used as a NON-CANCELLABLE means of subscribing to an observable, for use with\n * APIs that expect promises, like `async/await`. You cannot unsubscribe from this.\n *\n * **WARNING**: Only use this with observables you *know* will complete. If the source\n * observable does not complete, you will end up with a promise that is hung up, and\n * potentially all of the state of an async function hanging out in memory. To avoid\n * this situation, look into adding something like {@link timeout}, {@link take},\n * {@link takeWhile}, or {@link takeUntil} amongst others.\n *\n * #### Example\n *\n * ```ts\n * import { interval, take } from 'rxjs';\n *\n * const source$ = interval(1000).pipe(take(4));\n *\n * async function getTotal() {\n * let total = 0;\n *\n * await source$.forEach(value => {\n * total += value;\n * console.log('observable -> ' + value);\n * });\n *\n * return total;\n * }\n *\n * getTotal().then(\n * total => console.log('Total: ' + total)\n * );\n *\n * // Expected:\n * // 'observable -> 0'\n * // 'observable -> 1'\n * // 'observable -> 2'\n * // 'observable -> 3'\n * // 'Total: 6'\n * ```\n *\n * @param next a handler for each value emitted by the observable\n * @return a promise that either resolves on observable completion or\n * rejects with the handled error\n */\n forEach(next: (value: T) => void): Promise;\n\n /**\n * @param next a handler for each value emitted by the observable\n * @param promiseCtor a constructor function used to instantiate the Promise\n * @return a promise that either resolves on observable completion or\n * rejects with the handled error\n * @deprecated Passing a Promise constructor will no longer be available\n * in upcoming versions of RxJS. This is because it adds weight to the library, for very\n * little benefit. If you need this functionality, it is recommended that you either\n * polyfill Promise, or you create an adapter to convert the returned native promise\n * to whatever promise implementation you wanted. Will be removed in v8.\n */\n forEach(next: (value: T) => void, promiseCtor: PromiseConstructorLike): Promise;\n\n forEach(next: (value: T) => void, promiseCtor?: PromiseConstructorLike): Promise {\n promiseCtor = getPromiseCtor(promiseCtor);\n\n return new promiseCtor((resolve, reject) => {\n const subscriber = new SafeSubscriber({\n next: (value) => {\n try {\n next(value);\n } catch (err) {\n reject(err);\n subscriber.unsubscribe();\n }\n },\n error: reject,\n complete: resolve,\n });\n this.subscribe(subscriber);\n }) as Promise;\n }\n\n /** @internal */\n protected _subscribe(subscriber: Subscriber): TeardownLogic {\n return this.source?.subscribe(subscriber);\n }\n\n /**\n * An interop point defined by the es7-observable spec https://github.com/zenparsing/es-observable\n * @method Symbol.observable\n * @return {Observable} this instance of the observable\n */\n [Symbol_observable]() {\n return this;\n }\n\n /* tslint:disable:max-line-length */\n pipe(): Observable;\n pipe(op1: OperatorFunction): Observable;\n pipe(op1: OperatorFunction, op2: OperatorFunction): Observable;\n pipe(op1: OperatorFunction, op2: OperatorFunction, op3: OperatorFunction): Observable;\n pipe(\n op1: OperatorFunction,\n op2: OperatorFunction,\n op3: OperatorFunction,\n op4: OperatorFunction\n ): Observable;\n pipe(\n op1: OperatorFunction,\n op2: OperatorFunction,\n op3: OperatorFunction,\n op4: OperatorFunction,\n op5: OperatorFunction\n ): Observable;\n pipe(\n op1: OperatorFunction,\n op2: OperatorFunction,\n op3: OperatorFunction,\n op4: OperatorFunction,\n op5: OperatorFunction,\n op6: OperatorFunction\n ): Observable;\n pipe(\n op1: OperatorFunction,\n op2: OperatorFunction,\n op3: OperatorFunction,\n op4: OperatorFunction,\n op5: OperatorFunction,\n op6: OperatorFunction,\n op7: OperatorFunction\n ): Observable;\n pipe(\n op1: OperatorFunction,\n op2: OperatorFunction,\n op3: OperatorFunction,\n op4: OperatorFunction,\n op5: OperatorFunction,\n op6: OperatorFunction,\n op7: OperatorFunction,\n op8: OperatorFunction\n ): Observable;\n pipe(\n op1: OperatorFunction,\n op2: OperatorFunction,\n op3: OperatorFunction,\n op4: OperatorFunction,\n op5: OperatorFunction,\n op6: OperatorFunction,\n op7: OperatorFunction,\n op8: OperatorFunction,\n op9: OperatorFunction\n ): Observable;\n pipe(\n op1: OperatorFunction,\n op2: OperatorFunction,\n op3: OperatorFunction,\n op4: OperatorFunction,\n op5: OperatorFunction,\n op6: OperatorFunction,\n op7: OperatorFunction,\n op8: OperatorFunction,\n op9: OperatorFunction,\n ...operations: OperatorFunction[]\n ): Observable;\n /* tslint:enable:max-line-length */\n\n /**\n * Used to stitch together functional operators into a chain.\n * @method pipe\n * @return {Observable} the Observable result of all of the operators having\n * been called in the order they were passed in.\n *\n * ## Example\n *\n * ```ts\n * import { interval, filter, map, scan } from 'rxjs';\n *\n * interval(1000)\n * .pipe(\n * filter(x => x % 2 === 0),\n * map(x => x + x),\n * scan((acc, x) => acc + x)\n * )\n * .subscribe(x => console.log(x));\n * ```\n */\n pipe(...operations: OperatorFunction[]): Observable {\n return pipeFromArray(operations)(this);\n }\n\n /* tslint:disable:max-line-length */\n /** @deprecated Replaced with {@link firstValueFrom} and {@link lastValueFrom}. Will be removed in v8. Details: https://rxjs.dev/deprecations/to-promise */\n toPromise(): Promise;\n /** @deprecated Replaced with {@link firstValueFrom} and {@link lastValueFrom}. Will be removed in v8. Details: https://rxjs.dev/deprecations/to-promise */\n toPromise(PromiseCtor: typeof Promise): Promise;\n /** @deprecated Replaced with {@link firstValueFrom} and {@link lastValueFrom}. Will be removed in v8. Details: https://rxjs.dev/deprecations/to-promise */\n toPromise(PromiseCtor: PromiseConstructorLike): Promise;\n /* tslint:enable:max-line-length */\n\n /**\n * Subscribe to this Observable and get a Promise resolving on\n * `complete` with the last emission (if any).\n *\n * **WARNING**: Only use this with observables you *know* will complete. If the source\n * observable does not complete, you will end up with a promise that is hung up, and\n * potentially all of the state of an async function hanging out in memory. To avoid\n * this situation, look into adding something like {@link timeout}, {@link take},\n * {@link takeWhile}, or {@link takeUntil} amongst others.\n *\n * @method toPromise\n * @param [promiseCtor] a constructor function used to instantiate\n * the Promise\n * @return A Promise that resolves with the last value emit, or\n * rejects on an error. If there were no emissions, Promise\n * resolves with undefined.\n * @deprecated Replaced with {@link firstValueFrom} and {@link lastValueFrom}. Will be removed in v8. Details: https://rxjs.dev/deprecations/to-promise\n */\n toPromise(promiseCtor?: PromiseConstructorLike): Promise {\n promiseCtor = getPromiseCtor(promiseCtor);\n\n return new promiseCtor((resolve, reject) => {\n let value: T | undefined;\n this.subscribe(\n (x: T) => (value = x),\n (err: any) => reject(err),\n () => resolve(value)\n );\n }) as Promise;\n }\n}\n\n/**\n * Decides between a passed promise constructor from consuming code,\n * A default configured promise constructor, and the native promise\n * constructor and returns it. If nothing can be found, it will throw\n * an error.\n * @param promiseCtor The optional promise constructor to passed by consuming code\n */\nfunction getPromiseCtor(promiseCtor: PromiseConstructorLike | undefined) {\n return promiseCtor ?? config.Promise ?? Promise;\n}\n\nfunction isObserver(value: any): value is Observer {\n return value && isFunction(value.next) && isFunction(value.error) && isFunction(value.complete);\n}\n\nfunction isSubscriber(value: any): value is Subscriber {\n return (value && value instanceof Subscriber) || (isObserver(value) && isSubscription(value));\n}\n", "import { Observable } from '../Observable';\nimport { Subscriber } from '../Subscriber';\nimport { OperatorFunction } from '../types';\nimport { isFunction } from './isFunction';\n\n/**\n * Used to determine if an object is an Observable with a lift function.\n */\nexport function hasLift(source: any): source is { lift: InstanceType['lift'] } {\n return isFunction(source?.lift);\n}\n\n/**\n * Creates an `OperatorFunction`. Used to define operators throughout the library in a concise way.\n * @param init The logic to connect the liftedSource to the subscriber at the moment of subscription.\n */\nexport function operate(\n init: (liftedSource: Observable, subscriber: Subscriber) => (() => void) | void\n): OperatorFunction {\n return (source: Observable) => {\n if (hasLift(source)) {\n return source.lift(function (this: Subscriber, liftedSource: Observable) {\n try {\n return init(liftedSource, this);\n } catch (err) {\n this.error(err);\n }\n });\n }\n throw new TypeError('Unable to lift unknown Observable type');\n };\n}\n", "import { Subscriber } from '../Subscriber';\n\n/**\n * Creates an instance of an `OperatorSubscriber`.\n * @param destination The downstream subscriber.\n * @param onNext Handles next values, only called if this subscriber is not stopped or closed. Any\n * error that occurs in this function is caught and sent to the `error` method of this subscriber.\n * @param onError Handles errors from the subscription, any errors that occur in this handler are caught\n * and send to the `destination` error handler.\n * @param onComplete Handles completion notification from the subscription. Any errors that occur in\n * this handler are sent to the `destination` error handler.\n * @param onFinalize Additional teardown logic here. This will only be called on teardown if the\n * subscriber itself is not already closed. This is called after all other teardown logic is executed.\n */\nexport function createOperatorSubscriber(\n destination: Subscriber,\n onNext?: (value: T) => void,\n onComplete?: () => void,\n onError?: (err: any) => void,\n onFinalize?: () => void\n): Subscriber {\n return new OperatorSubscriber(destination, onNext, onComplete, onError, onFinalize);\n}\n\n/**\n * A generic helper for allowing operators to be created with a Subscriber and\n * use closures to capture necessary state from the operator function itself.\n */\nexport class OperatorSubscriber extends Subscriber {\n /**\n * Creates an instance of an `OperatorSubscriber`.\n * @param destination The downstream subscriber.\n * @param onNext Handles next values, only called if this subscriber is not stopped or closed. Any\n * error that occurs in this function is caught and sent to the `error` method of this subscriber.\n * @param onError Handles errors from the subscription, any errors that occur in this handler are caught\n * and send to the `destination` error handler.\n * @param onComplete Handles completion notification from the subscription. Any errors that occur in\n * this handler are sent to the `destination` error handler.\n * @param onFinalize Additional finalization logic here. This will only be called on finalization if the\n * subscriber itself is not already closed. This is called after all other finalization logic is executed.\n * @param shouldUnsubscribe An optional check to see if an unsubscribe call should truly unsubscribe.\n * NOTE: This currently **ONLY** exists to support the strange behavior of {@link groupBy}, where unsubscription\n * to the resulting observable does not actually disconnect from the source if there are active subscriptions\n * to any grouped observable. (DO NOT EXPOSE OR USE EXTERNALLY!!!)\n */\n constructor(\n destination: Subscriber,\n onNext?: (value: T) => void,\n onComplete?: () => void,\n onError?: (err: any) => void,\n private onFinalize?: () => void,\n private shouldUnsubscribe?: () => boolean\n ) {\n // It's important - for performance reasons - that all of this class's\n // members are initialized and that they are always initialized in the same\n // order. This will ensure that all OperatorSubscriber instances have the\n // same hidden class in V8. This, in turn, will help keep the number of\n // hidden classes involved in property accesses within the base class as\n // low as possible. If the number of hidden classes involved exceeds four,\n // the property accesses will become megamorphic and performance penalties\n // will be incurred - i.e. inline caches won't be used.\n //\n // The reasons for ensuring all instances have the same hidden class are\n // further discussed in this blog post from Benedikt Meurer:\n // https://benediktmeurer.de/2018/03/23/impact-of-polymorphism-on-component-based-frameworks-like-react/\n super(destination);\n this._next = onNext\n ? function (this: OperatorSubscriber, value: T) {\n try {\n onNext(value);\n } catch (err) {\n destination.error(err);\n }\n }\n : super._next;\n this._error = onError\n ? function (this: OperatorSubscriber, err: any) {\n try {\n onError(err);\n } catch (err) {\n // Send any errors that occur down stream.\n destination.error(err);\n } finally {\n // Ensure finalization.\n this.unsubscribe();\n }\n }\n : super._error;\n this._complete = onComplete\n ? function (this: OperatorSubscriber) {\n try {\n onComplete();\n } catch (err) {\n // Send any errors that occur down stream.\n destination.error(err);\n } finally {\n // Ensure finalization.\n this.unsubscribe();\n }\n }\n : super._complete;\n }\n\n unsubscribe() {\n if (!this.shouldUnsubscribe || this.shouldUnsubscribe()) {\n const { closed } = this;\n super.unsubscribe();\n // Execute additional teardown if we have any and we didn't already do so.\n !closed && this.onFinalize?.();\n }\n }\n}\n", "import { Subscription } from '../Subscription';\n\ninterface AnimationFrameProvider {\n schedule(callback: FrameRequestCallback): Subscription;\n requestAnimationFrame: typeof requestAnimationFrame;\n cancelAnimationFrame: typeof cancelAnimationFrame;\n delegate:\n | {\n requestAnimationFrame: typeof requestAnimationFrame;\n cancelAnimationFrame: typeof cancelAnimationFrame;\n }\n | undefined;\n}\n\nexport const animationFrameProvider: AnimationFrameProvider = {\n // When accessing the delegate, use the variable rather than `this` so that\n // the functions can be called without being bound to the provider.\n schedule(callback) {\n let request = requestAnimationFrame;\n let cancel: typeof cancelAnimationFrame | undefined = cancelAnimationFrame;\n const { delegate } = animationFrameProvider;\n if (delegate) {\n request = delegate.requestAnimationFrame;\n cancel = delegate.cancelAnimationFrame;\n }\n const handle = request((timestamp) => {\n // Clear the cancel function. The request has been fulfilled, so\n // attempting to cancel the request upon unsubscription would be\n // pointless.\n cancel = undefined;\n callback(timestamp);\n });\n return new Subscription(() => cancel?.(handle));\n },\n requestAnimationFrame(...args) {\n const { delegate } = animationFrameProvider;\n return (delegate?.requestAnimationFrame || requestAnimationFrame)(...args);\n },\n cancelAnimationFrame(...args) {\n const { delegate } = animationFrameProvider;\n return (delegate?.cancelAnimationFrame || cancelAnimationFrame)(...args);\n },\n delegate: undefined,\n};\n", "import { createErrorClass } from './createErrorClass';\n\nexport interface ObjectUnsubscribedError extends Error {}\n\nexport interface ObjectUnsubscribedErrorCtor {\n /**\n * @deprecated Internal implementation detail. Do not construct error instances.\n * Cannot be tagged as internal: https://github.com/ReactiveX/rxjs/issues/6269\n */\n new (): ObjectUnsubscribedError;\n}\n\n/**\n * An error thrown when an action is invalid because the object has been\n * unsubscribed.\n *\n * @see {@link Subject}\n * @see {@link BehaviorSubject}\n *\n * @class ObjectUnsubscribedError\n */\nexport const ObjectUnsubscribedError: ObjectUnsubscribedErrorCtor = createErrorClass(\n (_super) =>\n function ObjectUnsubscribedErrorImpl(this: any) {\n _super(this);\n this.name = 'ObjectUnsubscribedError';\n this.message = 'object unsubscribed';\n }\n);\n", "import { Operator } from './Operator';\nimport { Observable } from './Observable';\nimport { Subscriber } from './Subscriber';\nimport { Subscription, EMPTY_SUBSCRIPTION } from './Subscription';\nimport { Observer, SubscriptionLike, TeardownLogic } from './types';\nimport { ObjectUnsubscribedError } from './util/ObjectUnsubscribedError';\nimport { arrRemove } from './util/arrRemove';\nimport { errorContext } from './util/errorContext';\n\n/**\n * A Subject is a special type of Observable that allows values to be\n * multicasted to many Observers. Subjects are like EventEmitters.\n *\n * Every Subject is an Observable and an Observer. You can subscribe to a\n * Subject, and you can call next to feed values as well as error and complete.\n */\nexport class Subject extends Observable implements SubscriptionLike {\n closed = false;\n\n private currentObservers: Observer[] | null = null;\n\n /** @deprecated Internal implementation detail, do not use directly. Will be made internal in v8. */\n observers: Observer[] = [];\n /** @deprecated Internal implementation detail, do not use directly. Will be made internal in v8. */\n isStopped = false;\n /** @deprecated Internal implementation detail, do not use directly. Will be made internal in v8. */\n hasError = false;\n /** @deprecated Internal implementation detail, do not use directly. Will be made internal in v8. */\n thrownError: any = null;\n\n /**\n * Creates a \"subject\" by basically gluing an observer to an observable.\n *\n * @nocollapse\n * @deprecated Recommended you do not use. Will be removed at some point in the future. Plans for replacement still under discussion.\n */\n static create: (...args: any[]) => any = (destination: Observer, source: Observable): AnonymousSubject => {\n return new AnonymousSubject(destination, source);\n };\n\n constructor() {\n // NOTE: This must be here to obscure Observable's constructor.\n super();\n }\n\n /** @deprecated Internal implementation detail, do not use directly. Will be made internal in v8. */\n lift(operator: Operator): Observable {\n const subject = new AnonymousSubject(this, this);\n subject.operator = operator as any;\n return subject as any;\n }\n\n /** @internal */\n protected _throwIfClosed() {\n if (this.closed) {\n throw new ObjectUnsubscribedError();\n }\n }\n\n next(value: T) {\n errorContext(() => {\n this._throwIfClosed();\n if (!this.isStopped) {\n if (!this.currentObservers) {\n this.currentObservers = Array.from(this.observers);\n }\n for (const observer of this.currentObservers) {\n observer.next(value);\n }\n }\n });\n }\n\n error(err: any) {\n errorContext(() => {\n this._throwIfClosed();\n if (!this.isStopped) {\n this.hasError = this.isStopped = true;\n this.thrownError = err;\n const { observers } = this;\n while (observers.length) {\n observers.shift()!.error(err);\n }\n }\n });\n }\n\n complete() {\n errorContext(() => {\n this._throwIfClosed();\n if (!this.isStopped) {\n this.isStopped = true;\n const { observers } = this;\n while (observers.length) {\n observers.shift()!.complete();\n }\n }\n });\n }\n\n unsubscribe() {\n this.isStopped = this.closed = true;\n this.observers = this.currentObservers = null!;\n }\n\n get observed() {\n return this.observers?.length > 0;\n }\n\n /** @internal */\n protected _trySubscribe(subscriber: Subscriber): TeardownLogic {\n this._throwIfClosed();\n return super._trySubscribe(subscriber);\n }\n\n /** @internal */\n protected _subscribe(subscriber: Subscriber): Subscription {\n this._throwIfClosed();\n this._checkFinalizedStatuses(subscriber);\n return this._innerSubscribe(subscriber);\n }\n\n /** @internal */\n protected _innerSubscribe(subscriber: Subscriber) {\n const { hasError, isStopped, observers } = this;\n if (hasError || isStopped) {\n return EMPTY_SUBSCRIPTION;\n }\n this.currentObservers = null;\n observers.push(subscriber);\n return new Subscription(() => {\n this.currentObservers = null;\n arrRemove(observers, subscriber);\n });\n }\n\n /** @internal */\n protected _checkFinalizedStatuses(subscriber: Subscriber) {\n const { hasError, thrownError, isStopped } = this;\n if (hasError) {\n subscriber.error(thrownError);\n } else if (isStopped) {\n subscriber.complete();\n }\n }\n\n /**\n * Creates a new Observable with this Subject as the source. You can do this\n * to create custom Observer-side logic of the Subject and conceal it from\n * code that uses the Observable.\n * @return {Observable} Observable that the Subject casts to\n */\n asObservable(): Observable {\n const observable: any = new Observable();\n observable.source = this;\n return observable;\n }\n}\n\n/**\n * @class AnonymousSubject\n */\nexport class AnonymousSubject extends Subject {\n constructor(\n /** @deprecated Internal implementation detail, do not use directly. Will be made internal in v8. */\n public destination?: Observer,\n source?: Observable\n ) {\n super();\n this.source = source;\n }\n\n next(value: T) {\n this.destination?.next?.(value);\n }\n\n error(err: any) {\n this.destination?.error?.(err);\n }\n\n complete() {\n this.destination?.complete?.();\n }\n\n /** @internal */\n protected _subscribe(subscriber: Subscriber): Subscription {\n return this.source?.subscribe(subscriber) ?? EMPTY_SUBSCRIPTION;\n }\n}\n", "import { Subject } from './Subject';\nimport { Subscriber } from './Subscriber';\nimport { Subscription } from './Subscription';\n\n/**\n * A variant of Subject that requires an initial value and emits its current\n * value whenever it is subscribed to.\n *\n * @class BehaviorSubject\n */\nexport class BehaviorSubject extends Subject {\n constructor(private _value: T) {\n super();\n }\n\n get value(): T {\n return this.getValue();\n }\n\n /** @internal */\n protected _subscribe(subscriber: Subscriber): Subscription {\n const subscription = super._subscribe(subscriber);\n !subscription.closed && subscriber.next(this._value);\n return subscription;\n }\n\n getValue(): T {\n const { hasError, thrownError, _value } = this;\n if (hasError) {\n throw thrownError;\n }\n this._throwIfClosed();\n return _value;\n }\n\n next(value: T): void {\n super.next((this._value = value));\n }\n}\n", "import { TimestampProvider } from '../types';\n\ninterface DateTimestampProvider extends TimestampProvider {\n delegate: TimestampProvider | undefined;\n}\n\nexport const dateTimestampProvider: DateTimestampProvider = {\n now() {\n // Use the variable rather than `this` so that the function can be called\n // without being bound to the provider.\n return (dateTimestampProvider.delegate || Date).now();\n },\n delegate: undefined,\n};\n", "import { Subject } from './Subject';\nimport { TimestampProvider } from './types';\nimport { Subscriber } from './Subscriber';\nimport { Subscription } from './Subscription';\nimport { dateTimestampProvider } from './scheduler/dateTimestampProvider';\n\n/**\n * A variant of {@link Subject} that \"replays\" old values to new subscribers by emitting them when they first subscribe.\n *\n * `ReplaySubject` has an internal buffer that will store a specified number of values that it has observed. Like `Subject`,\n * `ReplaySubject` \"observes\" values by having them passed to its `next` method. When it observes a value, it will store that\n * value for a time determined by the configuration of the `ReplaySubject`, as passed to its constructor.\n *\n * When a new subscriber subscribes to the `ReplaySubject` instance, it will synchronously emit all values in its buffer in\n * a First-In-First-Out (FIFO) manner. The `ReplaySubject` will also complete, if it has observed completion; and it will\n * error if it has observed an error.\n *\n * There are two main configuration items to be concerned with:\n *\n * 1. `bufferSize` - This will determine how many items are stored in the buffer, defaults to infinite.\n * 2. `windowTime` - The amount of time to hold a value in the buffer before removing it from the buffer.\n *\n * Both configurations may exist simultaneously. So if you would like to buffer a maximum of 3 values, as long as the values\n * are less than 2 seconds old, you could do so with a `new ReplaySubject(3, 2000)`.\n *\n * ### Differences with BehaviorSubject\n *\n * `BehaviorSubject` is similar to `new ReplaySubject(1)`, with a couple of exceptions:\n *\n * 1. `BehaviorSubject` comes \"primed\" with a single value upon construction.\n * 2. `ReplaySubject` will replay values, even after observing an error, where `BehaviorSubject` will not.\n *\n * @see {@link Subject}\n * @see {@link BehaviorSubject}\n * @see {@link shareReplay}\n */\nexport class ReplaySubject extends Subject {\n private _buffer: (T | number)[] = [];\n private _infiniteTimeWindow = true;\n\n /**\n * @param bufferSize The size of the buffer to replay on subscription\n * @param windowTime The amount of time the buffered items will stay buffered\n * @param timestampProvider An object with a `now()` method that provides the current timestamp. This is used to\n * calculate the amount of time something has been buffered.\n */\n constructor(\n private _bufferSize = Infinity,\n private _windowTime = Infinity,\n private _timestampProvider: TimestampProvider = dateTimestampProvider\n ) {\n super();\n this._infiniteTimeWindow = _windowTime === Infinity;\n this._bufferSize = Math.max(1, _bufferSize);\n this._windowTime = Math.max(1, _windowTime);\n }\n\n next(value: T): void {\n const { isStopped, _buffer, _infiniteTimeWindow, _timestampProvider, _windowTime } = this;\n if (!isStopped) {\n _buffer.push(value);\n !_infiniteTimeWindow && _buffer.push(_timestampProvider.now() + _windowTime);\n }\n this._trimBuffer();\n super.next(value);\n }\n\n /** @internal */\n protected _subscribe(subscriber: Subscriber): Subscription {\n this._throwIfClosed();\n this._trimBuffer();\n\n const subscription = this._innerSubscribe(subscriber);\n\n const { _infiniteTimeWindow, _buffer } = this;\n // We use a copy here, so reentrant code does not mutate our array while we're\n // emitting it to a new subscriber.\n const copy = _buffer.slice();\n for (let i = 0; i < copy.length && !subscriber.closed; i += _infiniteTimeWindow ? 1 : 2) {\n subscriber.next(copy[i] as T);\n }\n\n this._checkFinalizedStatuses(subscriber);\n\n return subscription;\n }\n\n private _trimBuffer() {\n const { _bufferSize, _timestampProvider, _buffer, _infiniteTimeWindow } = this;\n // If we don't have an infinite buffer size, and we're over the length,\n // use splice to truncate the old buffer values off. Note that we have to\n // double the size for instances where we're not using an infinite time window\n // because we're storing the values and the timestamps in the same array.\n const adjustedBufferSize = (_infiniteTimeWindow ? 1 : 2) * _bufferSize;\n _bufferSize < Infinity && adjustedBufferSize < _buffer.length && _buffer.splice(0, _buffer.length - adjustedBufferSize);\n\n // Now, if we're not in an infinite time window, remove all values where the time is\n // older than what is allowed.\n if (!_infiniteTimeWindow) {\n const now = _timestampProvider.now();\n let last = 0;\n // Search the array for the first timestamp that isn't expired and\n // truncate the buffer up to that point.\n for (let i = 1; i < _buffer.length && (_buffer[i] as number) <= now; i += 2) {\n last = i;\n }\n last && _buffer.splice(0, last + 1);\n }\n }\n}\n", "import { Scheduler } from '../Scheduler';\nimport { Subscription } from '../Subscription';\nimport { SchedulerAction } from '../types';\n\n/**\n * A unit of work to be executed in a `scheduler`. An action is typically\n * created from within a {@link SchedulerLike} and an RxJS user does not need to concern\n * themselves about creating and manipulating an Action.\n *\n * ```ts\n * class Action extends Subscription {\n * new (scheduler: Scheduler, work: (state?: T) => void);\n * schedule(state?: T, delay: number = 0): Subscription;\n * }\n * ```\n *\n * @class Action\n */\nexport class Action extends Subscription {\n constructor(scheduler: Scheduler, work: (this: SchedulerAction, state?: T) => void) {\n super();\n }\n /**\n * Schedules this action on its parent {@link SchedulerLike} for execution. May be passed\n * some context object, `state`. May happen at some point in the future,\n * according to the `delay` parameter, if specified.\n * @param {T} [state] Some contextual data that the `work` function uses when\n * called by the Scheduler.\n * @param {number} [delay] Time to wait before executing the work, where the\n * time unit is implicit and defined by the Scheduler.\n * @return {void}\n */\n public schedule(state?: T, delay: number = 0): Subscription {\n return this;\n }\n}\n", "import type { TimerHandle } from './timerHandle';\ntype SetIntervalFunction = (handler: () => void, timeout?: number, ...args: any[]) => TimerHandle;\ntype ClearIntervalFunction = (handle: TimerHandle) => void;\n\ninterface IntervalProvider {\n setInterval: SetIntervalFunction;\n clearInterval: ClearIntervalFunction;\n delegate:\n | {\n setInterval: SetIntervalFunction;\n clearInterval: ClearIntervalFunction;\n }\n | undefined;\n}\n\nexport const intervalProvider: IntervalProvider = {\n // When accessing the delegate, use the variable rather than `this` so that\n // the functions can be called without being bound to the provider.\n setInterval(handler: () => void, timeout?: number, ...args) {\n const { delegate } = intervalProvider;\n if (delegate?.setInterval) {\n return delegate.setInterval(handler, timeout, ...args);\n }\n return setInterval(handler, timeout, ...args);\n },\n clearInterval(handle) {\n const { delegate } = intervalProvider;\n return (delegate?.clearInterval || clearInterval)(handle as any);\n },\n delegate: undefined,\n};\n", "import { Action } from './Action';\nimport { SchedulerAction } from '../types';\nimport { Subscription } from '../Subscription';\nimport { AsyncScheduler } from './AsyncScheduler';\nimport { intervalProvider } from './intervalProvider';\nimport { arrRemove } from '../util/arrRemove';\nimport { TimerHandle } from './timerHandle';\n\nexport class AsyncAction extends Action {\n public id: TimerHandle | undefined;\n public state?: T;\n // @ts-ignore: Property has no initializer and is not definitely assigned\n public delay: number;\n protected pending: boolean = false;\n\n constructor(protected scheduler: AsyncScheduler, protected work: (this: SchedulerAction, state?: T) => void) {\n super(scheduler, work);\n }\n\n public schedule(state?: T, delay: number = 0): Subscription {\n if (this.closed) {\n return this;\n }\n\n // Always replace the current state with the new state.\n this.state = state;\n\n const id = this.id;\n const scheduler = this.scheduler;\n\n //\n // Important implementation note:\n //\n // Actions only execute once by default, unless rescheduled from within the\n // scheduled callback. This allows us to implement single and repeat\n // actions via the same code path, without adding API surface area, as well\n // as mimic traditional recursion but across asynchronous boundaries.\n //\n // However, JS runtimes and timers distinguish between intervals achieved by\n // serial `setTimeout` calls vs. a single `setInterval` call. An interval of\n // serial `setTimeout` calls can be individually delayed, which delays\n // scheduling the next `setTimeout`, and so on. `setInterval` attempts to\n // guarantee the interval callback will be invoked more precisely to the\n // interval period, regardless of load.\n //\n // Therefore, we use `setInterval` to schedule single and repeat actions.\n // If the action reschedules itself with the same delay, the interval is not\n // canceled. If the action doesn't reschedule, or reschedules with a\n // different delay, the interval will be canceled after scheduled callback\n // execution.\n //\n if (id != null) {\n this.id = this.recycleAsyncId(scheduler, id, delay);\n }\n\n // Set the pending flag indicating that this action has been scheduled, or\n // has recursively rescheduled itself.\n this.pending = true;\n\n this.delay = delay;\n // If this action has already an async Id, don't request a new one.\n this.id = this.id ?? this.requestAsyncId(scheduler, this.id, delay);\n\n return this;\n }\n\n protected requestAsyncId(scheduler: AsyncScheduler, _id?: TimerHandle, delay: number = 0): TimerHandle {\n return intervalProvider.setInterval(scheduler.flush.bind(scheduler, this), delay);\n }\n\n protected recycleAsyncId(_scheduler: AsyncScheduler, id?: TimerHandle, delay: number | null = 0): TimerHandle | undefined {\n // If this action is rescheduled with the same delay time, don't clear the interval id.\n if (delay != null && this.delay === delay && this.pending === false) {\n return id;\n }\n // Otherwise, if the action's delay time is different from the current delay,\n // or the action has been rescheduled before it's executed, clear the interval id\n if (id != null) {\n intervalProvider.clearInterval(id);\n }\n\n return undefined;\n }\n\n /**\n * Immediately executes this action and the `work` it contains.\n * @return {any}\n */\n public execute(state: T, delay: number): any {\n if (this.closed) {\n return new Error('executing a cancelled action');\n }\n\n this.pending = false;\n const error = this._execute(state, delay);\n if (error) {\n return error;\n } else if (this.pending === false && this.id != null) {\n // Dequeue if the action didn't reschedule itself. Don't call\n // unsubscribe(), because the action could reschedule later.\n // For example:\n // ```\n // scheduler.schedule(function doWork(counter) {\n // /* ... I'm a busy worker bee ... */\n // var originalAction = this;\n // /* wait 100ms before rescheduling the action */\n // setTimeout(function () {\n // originalAction.schedule(counter + 1);\n // }, 100);\n // }, 1000);\n // ```\n this.id = this.recycleAsyncId(this.scheduler, this.id, null);\n }\n }\n\n protected _execute(state: T, _delay: number): any {\n let errored: boolean = false;\n let errorValue: any;\n try {\n this.work(state);\n } catch (e) {\n errored = true;\n // HACK: Since code elsewhere is relying on the \"truthiness\" of the\n // return here, we can't have it return \"\" or 0 or false.\n // TODO: Clean this up when we refactor schedulers mid-version-8 or so.\n errorValue = e ? e : new Error('Scheduled action threw falsy error');\n }\n if (errored) {\n this.unsubscribe();\n return errorValue;\n }\n }\n\n unsubscribe() {\n if (!this.closed) {\n const { id, scheduler } = this;\n const { actions } = scheduler;\n\n this.work = this.state = this.scheduler = null!;\n this.pending = false;\n\n arrRemove(actions, this);\n if (id != null) {\n this.id = this.recycleAsyncId(scheduler, id, null);\n }\n\n this.delay = null!;\n super.unsubscribe();\n }\n }\n}\n", "import { Action } from './scheduler/Action';\nimport { Subscription } from './Subscription';\nimport { SchedulerLike, SchedulerAction } from './types';\nimport { dateTimestampProvider } from './scheduler/dateTimestampProvider';\n\n/**\n * An execution context and a data structure to order tasks and schedule their\n * execution. Provides a notion of (potentially virtual) time, through the\n * `now()` getter method.\n *\n * Each unit of work in a Scheduler is called an `Action`.\n *\n * ```ts\n * class Scheduler {\n * now(): number;\n * schedule(work, delay?, state?): Subscription;\n * }\n * ```\n *\n * @class Scheduler\n * @deprecated Scheduler is an internal implementation detail of RxJS, and\n * should not be used directly. Rather, create your own class and implement\n * {@link SchedulerLike}. Will be made internal in v8.\n */\nexport class Scheduler implements SchedulerLike {\n public static now: () => number = dateTimestampProvider.now;\n\n constructor(private schedulerActionCtor: typeof Action, now: () => number = Scheduler.now) {\n this.now = now;\n }\n\n /**\n * A getter method that returns a number representing the current time\n * (at the time this function was called) according to the scheduler's own\n * internal clock.\n * @return {number} A number that represents the current time. May or may not\n * have a relation to wall-clock time. May or may not refer to a time unit\n * (e.g. milliseconds).\n */\n public now: () => number;\n\n /**\n * Schedules a function, `work`, for execution. May happen at some point in\n * the future, according to the `delay` parameter, if specified. May be passed\n * some context object, `state`, which will be passed to the `work` function.\n *\n * The given arguments will be processed an stored as an Action object in a\n * queue of actions.\n *\n * @param {function(state: ?T): ?Subscription} work A function representing a\n * task, or some unit of work to be executed by the Scheduler.\n * @param {number} [delay] Time to wait before executing the work, where the\n * time unit is implicit and defined by the Scheduler itself.\n * @param {T} [state] Some contextual data that the `work` function uses when\n * called by the Scheduler.\n * @return {Subscription} A subscription in order to be able to unsubscribe\n * the scheduled work.\n */\n public schedule(work: (this: SchedulerAction, state?: T) => void, delay: number = 0, state?: T): Subscription {\n return new this.schedulerActionCtor(this, work).schedule(state, delay);\n }\n}\n", "import { Scheduler } from '../Scheduler';\nimport { Action } from './Action';\nimport { AsyncAction } from './AsyncAction';\nimport { TimerHandle } from './timerHandle';\n\nexport class AsyncScheduler extends Scheduler {\n public actions: Array> = [];\n /**\n * A flag to indicate whether the Scheduler is currently executing a batch of\n * queued actions.\n * @type {boolean}\n * @internal\n */\n public _active: boolean = false;\n /**\n * An internal ID used to track the latest asynchronous task such as those\n * coming from `setTimeout`, `setInterval`, `requestAnimationFrame`, and\n * others.\n * @type {any}\n * @internal\n */\n public _scheduled: TimerHandle | undefined;\n\n constructor(SchedulerAction: typeof Action, now: () => number = Scheduler.now) {\n super(SchedulerAction, now);\n }\n\n public flush(action: AsyncAction): void {\n const { actions } = this;\n\n if (this._active) {\n actions.push(action);\n return;\n }\n\n let error: any;\n this._active = true;\n\n do {\n if ((error = action.execute(action.state, action.delay))) {\n break;\n }\n } while ((action = actions.shift()!)); // exhaust the scheduler queue\n\n this._active = false;\n\n if (error) {\n while ((action = actions.shift()!)) {\n action.unsubscribe();\n }\n throw error;\n }\n }\n}\n", "import { AsyncAction } from './AsyncAction';\nimport { AsyncScheduler } from './AsyncScheduler';\n\n/**\n *\n * Async Scheduler\n *\n * Schedule task as if you used setTimeout(task, duration)\n *\n * `async` scheduler schedules tasks asynchronously, by putting them on the JavaScript\n * event loop queue. It is best used to delay tasks in time or to schedule tasks repeating\n * in intervals.\n *\n * If you just want to \"defer\" task, that is to perform it right after currently\n * executing synchronous code ends (commonly achieved by `setTimeout(deferredTask, 0)`),\n * better choice will be the {@link asapScheduler} scheduler.\n *\n * ## Examples\n * Use async scheduler to delay task\n * ```ts\n * import { asyncScheduler } from 'rxjs';\n *\n * const task = () => console.log('it works!');\n *\n * asyncScheduler.schedule(task, 2000);\n *\n * // After 2 seconds logs:\n * // \"it works!\"\n * ```\n *\n * Use async scheduler to repeat task in intervals\n * ```ts\n * import { asyncScheduler } from 'rxjs';\n *\n * function task(state) {\n * console.log(state);\n * this.schedule(state + 1, 1000); // `this` references currently executing Action,\n * // which we reschedule with new state and delay\n * }\n *\n * asyncScheduler.schedule(task, 3000, 0);\n *\n * // Logs:\n * // 0 after 3s\n * // 1 after 4s\n * // 2 after 5s\n * // 3 after 6s\n * ```\n */\n\nexport const asyncScheduler = new AsyncScheduler(AsyncAction);\n\n/**\n * @deprecated Renamed to {@link asyncScheduler}. Will be removed in v8.\n */\nexport const async = asyncScheduler;\n", "import { AsyncAction } from './AsyncAction';\nimport { Subscription } from '../Subscription';\nimport { QueueScheduler } from './QueueScheduler';\nimport { SchedulerAction } from '../types';\nimport { TimerHandle } from './timerHandle';\n\nexport class QueueAction extends AsyncAction {\n constructor(protected scheduler: QueueScheduler, protected work: (this: SchedulerAction, state?: T) => void) {\n super(scheduler, work);\n }\n\n public schedule(state?: T, delay: number = 0): Subscription {\n if (delay > 0) {\n return super.schedule(state, delay);\n }\n this.delay = delay;\n this.state = state;\n this.scheduler.flush(this);\n return this;\n }\n\n public execute(state: T, delay: number): any {\n return delay > 0 || this.closed ? super.execute(state, delay) : this._execute(state, delay);\n }\n\n protected requestAsyncId(scheduler: QueueScheduler, id?: TimerHandle, delay: number = 0): TimerHandle {\n // If delay exists and is greater than 0, or if the delay is null (the\n // action wasn't rescheduled) but was originally scheduled as an async\n // action, then recycle as an async action.\n\n if ((delay != null && delay > 0) || (delay == null && this.delay > 0)) {\n return super.requestAsyncId(scheduler, id, delay);\n }\n\n // Otherwise flush the scheduler starting with this action.\n scheduler.flush(this);\n\n // HACK: In the past, this was returning `void`. However, `void` isn't a valid\n // `TimerHandle`, and generally the return value here isn't really used. So the\n // compromise is to return `0` which is both \"falsy\" and a valid `TimerHandle`,\n // as opposed to refactoring every other instanceo of `requestAsyncId`.\n return 0;\n }\n}\n", "import { AsyncScheduler } from './AsyncScheduler';\n\nexport class QueueScheduler extends AsyncScheduler {\n}\n", "import { QueueAction } from './QueueAction';\nimport { QueueScheduler } from './QueueScheduler';\n\n/**\n *\n * Queue Scheduler\n *\n * Put every next task on a queue, instead of executing it immediately\n *\n * `queue` scheduler, when used with delay, behaves the same as {@link asyncScheduler} scheduler.\n *\n * When used without delay, it schedules given task synchronously - executes it right when\n * it is scheduled. However when called recursively, that is when inside the scheduled task,\n * another task is scheduled with queue scheduler, instead of executing immediately as well,\n * that task will be put on a queue and wait for current one to finish.\n *\n * This means that when you execute task with `queue` scheduler, you are sure it will end\n * before any other task scheduled with that scheduler will start.\n *\n * ## Examples\n * Schedule recursively first, then do something\n * ```ts\n * import { queueScheduler } from 'rxjs';\n *\n * queueScheduler.schedule(() => {\n * queueScheduler.schedule(() => console.log('second')); // will not happen now, but will be put on a queue\n *\n * console.log('first');\n * });\n *\n * // Logs:\n * // \"first\"\n * // \"second\"\n * ```\n *\n * Reschedule itself recursively\n * ```ts\n * import { queueScheduler } from 'rxjs';\n *\n * queueScheduler.schedule(function(state) {\n * if (state !== 0) {\n * console.log('before', state);\n * this.schedule(state - 1); // `this` references currently executing Action,\n * // which we reschedule with new state\n * console.log('after', state);\n * }\n * }, 0, 3);\n *\n * // In scheduler that runs recursively, you would expect:\n * // \"before\", 3\n * // \"before\", 2\n * // \"before\", 1\n * // \"after\", 1\n * // \"after\", 2\n * // \"after\", 3\n *\n * // But with queue it logs:\n * // \"before\", 3\n * // \"after\", 3\n * // \"before\", 2\n * // \"after\", 2\n * // \"before\", 1\n * // \"after\", 1\n * ```\n */\n\nexport const queueScheduler = new QueueScheduler(QueueAction);\n\n/**\n * @deprecated Renamed to {@link queueScheduler}. Will be removed in v8.\n */\nexport const queue = queueScheduler;\n", "import { AsyncAction } from './AsyncAction';\nimport { AnimationFrameScheduler } from './AnimationFrameScheduler';\nimport { SchedulerAction } from '../types';\nimport { animationFrameProvider } from './animationFrameProvider';\nimport { TimerHandle } from './timerHandle';\n\nexport class AnimationFrameAction extends AsyncAction {\n constructor(protected scheduler: AnimationFrameScheduler, protected work: (this: SchedulerAction, state?: T) => void) {\n super(scheduler, work);\n }\n\n protected requestAsyncId(scheduler: AnimationFrameScheduler, id?: TimerHandle, delay: number = 0): TimerHandle {\n // If delay is greater than 0, request as an async action.\n if (delay !== null && delay > 0) {\n return super.requestAsyncId(scheduler, id, delay);\n }\n // Push the action to the end of the scheduler queue.\n scheduler.actions.push(this);\n // If an animation frame has already been requested, don't request another\n // one. If an animation frame hasn't been requested yet, request one. Return\n // the current animation frame request id.\n return scheduler._scheduled || (scheduler._scheduled = animationFrameProvider.requestAnimationFrame(() => scheduler.flush(undefined)));\n }\n\n protected recycleAsyncId(scheduler: AnimationFrameScheduler, id?: TimerHandle, delay: number = 0): TimerHandle | undefined {\n // If delay exists and is greater than 0, or if the delay is null (the\n // action wasn't rescheduled) but was originally scheduled as an async\n // action, then recycle as an async action.\n if (delay != null ? delay > 0 : this.delay > 0) {\n return super.recycleAsyncId(scheduler, id, delay);\n }\n // If the scheduler queue has no remaining actions with the same async id,\n // cancel the requested animation frame and set the scheduled flag to\n // undefined so the next AnimationFrameAction will request its own.\n const { actions } = scheduler;\n if (id != null && actions[actions.length - 1]?.id !== id) {\n animationFrameProvider.cancelAnimationFrame(id as number);\n scheduler._scheduled = undefined;\n }\n // Return undefined so the action knows to request a new async id if it's rescheduled.\n return undefined;\n }\n}\n", "import { AsyncAction } from './AsyncAction';\nimport { AsyncScheduler } from './AsyncScheduler';\n\nexport class AnimationFrameScheduler extends AsyncScheduler {\n public flush(action?: AsyncAction): void {\n this._active = true;\n // The async id that effects a call to flush is stored in _scheduled.\n // Before executing an action, it's necessary to check the action's async\n // id to determine whether it's supposed to be executed in the current\n // flush.\n // Previous implementations of this method used a count to determine this,\n // but that was unsound, as actions that are unsubscribed - i.e. cancelled -\n // are removed from the actions array and that can shift actions that are\n // scheduled to be executed in a subsequent flush into positions at which\n // they are executed within the current flush.\n const flushId = this._scheduled;\n this._scheduled = undefined;\n\n const { actions } = this;\n let error: any;\n action = action || actions.shift()!;\n\n do {\n if ((error = action.execute(action.state, action.delay))) {\n break;\n }\n } while ((action = actions[0]) && action.id === flushId && actions.shift());\n\n this._active = false;\n\n if (error) {\n while ((action = actions[0]) && action.id === flushId && actions.shift()) {\n action.unsubscribe();\n }\n throw error;\n }\n }\n}\n", "import { AnimationFrameAction } from './AnimationFrameAction';\nimport { AnimationFrameScheduler } from './AnimationFrameScheduler';\n\n/**\n *\n * Animation Frame Scheduler\n *\n * Perform task when `window.requestAnimationFrame` would fire\n *\n * When `animationFrame` scheduler is used with delay, it will fall back to {@link asyncScheduler} scheduler\n * behaviour.\n *\n * Without delay, `animationFrame` scheduler can be used to create smooth browser animations.\n * It makes sure scheduled task will happen just before next browser content repaint,\n * thus performing animations as efficiently as possible.\n *\n * ## Example\n * Schedule div height animation\n * ```ts\n * // html:
\n * import { animationFrameScheduler } from 'rxjs';\n *\n * const div = document.querySelector('div');\n *\n * animationFrameScheduler.schedule(function(height) {\n * div.style.height = height + \"px\";\n *\n * this.schedule(height + 1); // `this` references currently executing Action,\n * // which we reschedule with new state\n * }, 0, 0);\n *\n * // You will see a div element growing in height\n * ```\n */\n\nexport const animationFrameScheduler = new AnimationFrameScheduler(AnimationFrameAction);\n\n/**\n * @deprecated Renamed to {@link animationFrameScheduler}. Will be removed in v8.\n */\nexport const animationFrame = animationFrameScheduler;\n", "import { Observable } from '../Observable';\nimport { SchedulerLike } from '../types';\n\n/**\n * A simple Observable that emits no items to the Observer and immediately\n * emits a complete notification.\n *\n * Just emits 'complete', and nothing else.\n *\n * ![](empty.png)\n *\n * A simple Observable that only emits the complete notification. It can be used\n * for composing with other Observables, such as in a {@link mergeMap}.\n *\n * ## Examples\n *\n * Log complete notification\n *\n * ```ts\n * import { EMPTY } from 'rxjs';\n *\n * EMPTY.subscribe({\n * next: () => console.log('Next'),\n * complete: () => console.log('Complete!')\n * });\n *\n * // Outputs\n * // Complete!\n * ```\n *\n * Emit the number 7, then complete\n *\n * ```ts\n * import { EMPTY, startWith } from 'rxjs';\n *\n * const result = EMPTY.pipe(startWith(7));\n * result.subscribe(x => console.log(x));\n *\n * // Outputs\n * // 7\n * ```\n *\n * Map and flatten only odd numbers to the sequence `'a'`, `'b'`, `'c'`\n *\n * ```ts\n * import { interval, mergeMap, of, EMPTY } from 'rxjs';\n *\n * const interval$ = interval(1000);\n * const result = interval$.pipe(\n * mergeMap(x => x % 2 === 1 ? of('a', 'b', 'c') : EMPTY),\n * );\n * result.subscribe(x => console.log(x));\n *\n * // Results in the following to the console:\n * // x is equal to the count on the interval, e.g. (0, 1, 2, 3, ...)\n * // x will occur every 1000ms\n * // if x % 2 is equal to 1, print a, b, c (each on its own)\n * // if x % 2 is not equal to 1, nothing will be output\n * ```\n *\n * @see {@link Observable}\n * @see {@link NEVER}\n * @see {@link of}\n * @see {@link throwError}\n */\nexport const EMPTY = new Observable((subscriber) => subscriber.complete());\n\n/**\n * @param scheduler A {@link SchedulerLike} to use for scheduling\n * the emission of the complete notification.\n * @deprecated Replaced with the {@link EMPTY} constant or {@link scheduled} (e.g. `scheduled([], scheduler)`). Will be removed in v8.\n */\nexport function empty(scheduler?: SchedulerLike) {\n return scheduler ? emptyScheduled(scheduler) : EMPTY;\n}\n\nfunction emptyScheduled(scheduler: SchedulerLike) {\n return new Observable((subscriber) => scheduler.schedule(() => subscriber.complete()));\n}\n", "import { SchedulerLike } from '../types';\nimport { isFunction } from './isFunction';\n\nexport function isScheduler(value: any): value is SchedulerLike {\n return value && isFunction(value.schedule);\n}\n", "import { SchedulerLike } from '../types';\nimport { isFunction } from './isFunction';\nimport { isScheduler } from './isScheduler';\n\nfunction last(arr: T[]): T | undefined {\n return arr[arr.length - 1];\n}\n\nexport function popResultSelector(args: any[]): ((...args: unknown[]) => unknown) | undefined {\n return isFunction(last(args)) ? args.pop() : undefined;\n}\n\nexport function popScheduler(args: any[]): SchedulerLike | undefined {\n return isScheduler(last(args)) ? args.pop() : undefined;\n}\n\nexport function popNumber(args: any[], defaultValue: number): number {\n return typeof last(args) === 'number' ? args.pop()! : defaultValue;\n}\n", "export const isArrayLike = ((x: any): x is ArrayLike => x && typeof x.length === 'number' && typeof x !== 'function');", "import { isFunction } from \"./isFunction\";\n\n/**\n * Tests to see if the object is \"thennable\".\n * @param value the object to test\n */\nexport function isPromise(value: any): value is PromiseLike {\n return isFunction(value?.then);\n}\n", "import { InteropObservable } from '../types';\nimport { observable as Symbol_observable } from '../symbol/observable';\nimport { isFunction } from './isFunction';\n\n/** Identifies an input as being Observable (but not necessary an Rx Observable) */\nexport function isInteropObservable(input: any): input is InteropObservable {\n return isFunction(input[Symbol_observable]);\n}\n", "import { isFunction } from './isFunction';\n\nexport function isAsyncIterable(obj: any): obj is AsyncIterable {\n return Symbol.asyncIterator && isFunction(obj?.[Symbol.asyncIterator]);\n}\n", "/**\n * Creates the TypeError to throw if an invalid object is passed to `from` or `scheduled`.\n * @param input The object that was passed.\n */\nexport function createInvalidObservableTypeError(input: any) {\n // TODO: We should create error codes that can be looked up, so this can be less verbose.\n return new TypeError(\n `You provided ${\n input !== null && typeof input === 'object' ? 'an invalid object' : `'${input}'`\n } where a stream was expected. You can provide an Observable, Promise, ReadableStream, Array, AsyncIterable, or Iterable.`\n );\n}\n", "export function getSymbolIterator(): symbol {\n if (typeof Symbol !== 'function' || !Symbol.iterator) {\n return '@@iterator' as any;\n }\n\n return Symbol.iterator;\n}\n\nexport const iterator = getSymbolIterator();\n", "import { iterator as Symbol_iterator } from '../symbol/iterator';\nimport { isFunction } from './isFunction';\n\n/** Identifies an input as being an Iterable */\nexport function isIterable(input: any): input is Iterable {\n return isFunction(input?.[Symbol_iterator]);\n}\n", "import { ReadableStreamLike } from '../types';\nimport { isFunction } from './isFunction';\n\nexport async function* readableStreamLikeToAsyncGenerator(readableStream: ReadableStreamLike): AsyncGenerator {\n const reader = readableStream.getReader();\n try {\n while (true) {\n const { value, done } = await reader.read();\n if (done) {\n return;\n }\n yield value!;\n }\n } finally {\n reader.releaseLock();\n }\n}\n\nexport function isReadableStreamLike(obj: any): obj is ReadableStreamLike {\n // We don't want to use instanceof checks because they would return\n // false for instances from another Realm, like an + +

Brazilian percussionist Fernando Rocha performing D. Andrew Stewart's piece "The One" on Tenor T-Stick at McGill University. The T-Stick is a digital musical instrument designed and constructed by Joseph Malloch at the IDMIL.

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Everybody to the Power of One (Andrew Stewart)

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This is a video of composer/performer D. Andrew Stewart playing his composition "Everybody to the power of one" on a soprano T-Stick, which he calls the "sonar jo," at the SAT in Montréal. The T-Stick is a digital musical instrument I designed and built in the Input Devices and Music Interaction Lab at McGill University. Andrew was a collaborator on the T-Stick project, along with percussionist Fernando Rocha, pianist Xenia Pestova and cellist Erika Donald.

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WITH WINDS for Soprano T-Stick (New Calgary)

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A performance in the wonderful acoustic of Eckhardt-Gramatté Hall (Rozsa Centre, The University of Calgary) as part of “From Up There and Down” (New Works Calgary concert season, 2012-13). WITH WINDS is the first of a series of pieces showcasing new performance modes developed during the 2010 T-Stick Composition Workshops. The workshop participants and I created new implementations of pre-existing techniques (i.e., new uses of thrusting, finger-framing, lasso) and developed new modes such as: stirring, brushing and a fulcrum-inspired type of pivoting. With regards to sound, I developed a ‘vocabulary’ that integrates well with wood wind instruments, capturing not only sustained wind instrument sounds but also a wealth of extended technique sounds. My solution was to implement several physical models that emulate or evoke extended techniques on wind instruments. Moreover, I wanted to suggest the ‘closeness’ – even intimacy – an acoustic instrumentalist has with his or her instrument and sound by creating t-stick playing techniques that at first, require slow-moving gestures of the stick around the body of the performer, followed by the addition of vigorous movements, which are gradually added as the music develops. The nearness of acoustic instrument practise is gradually extended and expanded and as a result, the space in which the t-stick digital instrument is played, is enveloped into the instrument itself.

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Partial list of Public Appearances

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DateTypeEventLocation
2006/04concertseminar concertMontreal, Canada
2006/11recitalFernando Rocha DMus lecture recitalMontreal, Canada
2007/06presentationNew Interfaces for Musical Expression ConferenceNew York, USA
2007/09demonstrationsWired NextfestLow Angeles, USA
2008/02demonstrationsInnovactionUdine, Italy
2008/03concertMusiMars FestivalMontreal, Canada
2008/04concertMusic+Technology IncubatorMontreal, Canada
2008/07concert, workshopSound SymposiumSt. John’s, Canada
2008/09concertLe Vivier relaunchMontreal, Canada
2008/10concertsDuo pour un violoncelle et un danseurMontreal, Canada
2009/02competitionGuthman competitionAtlanta, USA
2009/07workshopSMC Summer School, used T-Stick to control robotic GamelanPorto, Portugal
2009/08concertInternational Computer Music ConferenceMontreal, Canada
2009/10workshopSociety for Music Theory, workshop on listening through timeMontreal, Canada
2009/12concertlive@CIRMMTMontreal, Canada
2010/04concertACM CHI ConferenceAtlanta, USA
2010/04concertViagem, 5 T-Sticks played by blind performersPorto, Portugal
2010/07workshopslaunch of 2010 T-Stick Composition WorkshopsMontreal, Canada
2010/08talk, performanceExpansive Spirits, Toronto Electroacoustic SymposiumToronto, Canada
2010/12talkElectronic Music FoundationNew York, USA
2011/02concertGhost in the Machine ConferenceMontreal, Canada
2011/03concertConcerto for T-Stick and two laptop orchestras, Concordia Laptop Orchestra and Cybernetic OrchestraMontreal, Canada
2011/04concertOpen Ears FestivalKitchener, Canada
2011/05concertIssue Project RoomNew York, USA
2011/05concertNew Interfaces for Musical Expression ConferenceOslo, Norway
2011/06concertsUniversidade Federal de Minas GeraisBelo Horizonte, Brazil
2011/06concertSforzando Late Night Concert, Electroacoustic Music Studies NetworkNew York, USA
2011/11concertSea of Sound FestivalEdmonton, Canada
2012/03concertExperimental Music from Brazil and BeyondLethbridge, Canada
2012/06concertConcierto, Andrew Stewart y Ensemble 3Mexico
2012/09concertMoving Sound, Electroacoustic works by D. Andrew Stewart and Rolf BoonLethbridge, Canada
2012/11concert24 Frames, Improvisation with Tim BradyLethbridge, Canada
2013/03concertFrom Up There and Down, New Works CalgaryCalgary, Canada
2013/05concertNew Interfaces for Musical Expression ConferenceDaejeon, South Korea
2013/09concertPercussive Arts Society International ConventionIndianapolis, USA
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Publications

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  • Malloch, J., Wanderley, M. M. (2007). The T-Stick : From Musical Interface to Musical Instrument. In Proceedings of the 2007 International Conference on New Interfaces for Musical Expression (NIME 2007) (pp. 66--69). New York City, NY, USA.
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  • Nieva, A., Wang, J., Malloch, J., Wanderley, M. M. (2018). The T-Stick: Maintaining a 12 year-old digital musical instrument. In Proceedings of the 2018 International Conference on New Interfaces for Musical Expression (NIME 2018) (pp. 198–199). Blacksburg, VA, USA.
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  • Meneses, E. A. L., Fukuda, T., Wanderley, M. M. (2020). Expanding and Embedding a High-level Gesture Vocabulary for the Digital and Augmented Musical Instruments. In Proc. of the International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction (HCII). Copenhagen, Denmark.
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  • Calegario, F., Wanderley, M., Tragtenberg, J., Wang, J., Sullivan, J., Meneses, E., Franco, I., Kirkegaard, M., Bredholt, M., Rohs, J. (2020). Probatio 1.0: collaborative development of a toolkit for functional DMI prototypes. In Proceedings of the 2020 International Conference on New Interfaces for Musical Expression (NIME 2020) (pp. 6). Birmingham, UK.
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  • West, T. (2020). Making Mappings: Examining the Design Process with Libmapper and the T-Stick. In M.A. Thesis, McGill University (pp. 78). Montreal, Canada.
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  • Fukuda, T., Meneses, E., West, T. J., Wanderley, M. M. (2021). The T-Stick Music Creation Project: An approach to building a creative community around a DMI. In Proceedings of the 2021 International Conference on New Interfaces for Musical Expression (NIME 2021). Shanghai, China.
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  • Meneses, E. A. L. (2022). Iterative Design in DMIs and AMIs: Expanding and embedding a high-level gesture vocabulary for the T-Stick and GuitarAMI. In Ph.D. Thesis, McGill University. McGill University.Montreal, Qc, Canada.
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  • Fukuda, T., Wanderley, M. M. (2023). T-Patch: a software application for T-Stick Digital Musical Instruments Mexico City, MX. In Proceedings of the 2023 International Conference on New Interfaces for Musical Expression (NIME2023). Mexico City, MX.
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  • Niyonsenga, A., Wanderley, M. M. (2023). Tools and Techniques for the Maintenance and Support of Digital Musical Instruments. In Proceedings of the 2023 International Conference on New Interfaces for Musical Expression (NIME2023). Mexico City, MX.
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Building a Sopranino T-Stick (v1.1)

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building_Sopranino image

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Bill of Materials:

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QtyTypeDescription
01sensorCapsense breakout board (CY8CMBR3116)
01sensorIMU breakout board LSM9DS
01sensorFSR 408
01sensorbuzz elem. piezo STD
01electronicsmicrocontroller Lolin D32 Pro
01electronics0.1uF capacitor
01electronics1K resistor
01electronics10K resistor
01electronics2M resistor
01electronicsDiode 1N4004
01electronics10K potentiometer
01electronicsLM358P Opamp
01electronicsbutton
02electronicsSH1.0 cables
02electronicsBreadboards
30cmmanufacturing partsPVC Tube split in 2 lenghtwise
~85cmmanufacturing partsCopper adhesive tape
01manufacturing partsLi-Po Battery (min 1000mA)
01manufacturing partsON-OFF rocker switch
~35cmmanufacturing partsHeat shrink tube
01manufacturing partsend-cup with microcontroller base
01manufacturing partsend-cup with for the ON-OFF switch and hold battery
02manufacturing parts3D printed bases for Capsense
02manufacturing parts3D printed bases for IMU
11manufacturing partsM2 Mounting Screws
11manufacturing partsM2 bolts
01manufacturing partsfoam sheet
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Schematic:

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T-Stick Sopranino schematics

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This schematic is outdated. Use for FSR and Piezo Electronics reference only.

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Instructions:

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Building the Frame:

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Cut the PVC in half as in the picture and tape the conductive tape 1.5cm apart.  +Length of holes assembly is 1.5 * 15 for 16 strips. That is 22.5cm. You need aprox. 8 cm of copper tape per strip.

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Tip

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Before start assembling the T-Stick, pay attention to the position of the components. Plan yourself to place the components for them to not "overlap" each other (check image below). Also, make sure the cables are long enough to allow the tube and caps to be opened and closed properly.

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building_Sopranino 2nd image

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The Capsense (https://www.cypress.com/le/127221/download) breakout boards use 2 3D printed bases. It connects via a jumper cable with SH1. +connectors to the D32 Pro (https://wiki.wemos.cc/products:d32:d32_pro).

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Warning

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THE CAPSENSE BOARD HAS THE CONNECTORS LABELED FOR THE MICROCONTROLLER (IN) AND IMU (OUT). BE CAREFUL WHEN CONNECTING THEM BECAUSE OF A LAST MINUTE CHANGE IN THE PINOUT OF THE BOARD. SEE SCHEMATIC BELOW.

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The Capsense label for ground and +3V3 is inverted at the end that goes to the IMU. You should connect:

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Capsense -> IMU +GND ------> +3V3 +SDA ------> SDA +SCL ------> SCL ++3V3------> GND

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Capsense-IMU connection

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Please take extra care since it is necessary to cut the cable and solder the right ends at the IMU.

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Also, if you need to extend the length of the SH1.0 cable, always cut the wire in half and extend using both parts according to the color. Using two different wires can lead to mistakes since the SH1.0 cable is parallel. Failing to follow this step can end up burning your ESP32.

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All the building tools can be found in the Machine Shop at the McGill Music Tech Department.

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IMU:

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The LSM9DS1 IMU connects via another SH1.0 cable to the other socket on the Capsense for I2C communication. One end has the SH housing the other is open to solder onto the IMU breakout board. There are also 2 3D printed bases to attach the IMU to the frame.

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T-Stick Sopranino IMU parts

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The T-Stick Spatial orientation is dened as follows:

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T-Stick Sopranino orientation

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Please, install the IMU so that this conguration is kept consistent will the design.

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FSR and Piezo Electronics:

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The Force Sensitive Resistor and the Piezoelectric sensor are glued to the frame with epoxy, superglue, or hot glue.

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T-Stick Sopranino - piezo placement

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The signal processing circuit is all analog and needs to be soldered to a perfboard. The piezoelectric circuit output is to be soldered to pin 32 of the ESP32 and the FSR circuit output to pin 33. Electronic building tools can be found in the Electronics Shop at the McGill Music Tech Department. Solder long cables to the FSR pins.

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Tip

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The FSR pins are very delicate. Put some heat shrink tube to reinforce the end of the fsr so it doesn’t break. If it breaks, it’s not repairable.

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Here’s the pinout for the LM358 opamp you will be using in the above circuit:

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                      +--()--+
+             Output A | 1   8| V+
+    Inverting Input A | 2   7| Output B
+Non-Inverting Input A | 3   6| Inverting Input B
+                  GND | 4   5| Non-Inverting Input B
+                      +------+
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OBS: Don't forget to connect GND and V+.

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Envelope Follower Circuit
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T-Stick Sopranino - Envelope Follower Circuit

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Voltage Divider Circuit
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T-Stick Sopranino - Voltage Divider Circuit

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Microcontroller:

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The microcontroller to be used with the T-Stick is the Lolin D32 PRO. You can check the tech specs at https://wiki.wemos.cc/products:d32:d32_pro.

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Firmware:

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Instructions to upload (flash) the T-Stick firmware and configuration files can be found here.

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Read and follow ALL the instructions at before upload it to the board. There are some steps to prepare your machine and the ESP32 before flash it for the first time.

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It is recommended to use the board test firmwares located at https://github.com/IDMIL/TStick/tree/master/Sopranino/2GW/19X/Tests to test the capsense board and the IMU after install them.

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Nightly builds and beta firmwares can be downloaded at https://github.com/IDMIL/TStick. Before using them, contact the IDMIL's lab team.

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More info:

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Version 1.1: Edu Meneses - eduardo.meneses@mail.mcgill.ca\ +Version 1.0: Created by: Alex Nieva - alex.nieva@mail.mcgill.ca

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Input Devices and Music Interaction Laboratory +http://www.idmil.org\ +Schulich School of Music\ +McGill University\ +550 Rue Sherbrooke Ouest, Suite 500\ +Montreal, QC, H3A 1E\ +Canada

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Building a Sopranino T-Stick 4GW

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Bill of Materials

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QtyDescription
01Trill
01TinyPICO
01IMU breakout board LSM9DS
01FSR 408
011K resistor
0110K potentiometer
01button
01Li-Po Battery min 1000mA
01PVC Tube (30 cm)
\~85cmCopper adhesive tape
01ON-OFF rocker switch
\~35cmHeat shrink tube
01end-cup with microcontroller base
01end-cup with for the ON-OFF switch
013D printed bases, one of each file, and 4 regular poles
11M2 Mounting Screws
01foam sheet
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Instructions

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Printing the Frame

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Print one of each of the 3d printing files, but print 4 copies of the "regular poles". The beds (pieces that snap together) will need supports on the piece that snaps.

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Overview

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Snap the beds together as in the image above, snapping the regular poles between beds to secure them. Place copper strips on each arc in the beds, these will be used for capacitive touch sensing.

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Soldering Components

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All the building tools can be found in the Machine Shop at the McGill Music Tech Department.

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Overview with wires

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Let's start with the end cap where the TinyPICO will be inserted. Insert the button into the slot like the pictures below.

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button top viewbutton bottom viewsoldering
button top viewbutton bottom viewbutton soldering
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Solder 2 wires diagonally to the button pins, connecting one to GND and one to pin 15 on the TinyPICO. For the GND connection, twist an extra wire together before soldering to the TinyPICO, which will be used for connecting the IMU later on.

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connecting to TinyPICOcompleted button circuit
connecting to TinyPico
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To prepare the resistor for its FSR connection, solder 2 wires to one end and 1 to the other like below. Use heat shrink to wrap the connection. Solder the single end wire to a GND pin on the button. Solder one of the double end wires to pin 33 on the TinyPICO.

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solderingheat shrinkingconnecting to TinyPICO
soldering two wiresheat shrinkingconnecting to tinypico FSR
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Prepare the FSR connections by carefully soldering 2 wires to its terminals, using the extra wire form the resistor as one of the terminals. Be cautious not to melt the plastic on the FSR if possible by soldering quickly. Heat shrink the terminals when complete.

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solderingheat shrinking
soldering wire to FSRheat shrinking on fsr
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Solder the other FSR wire and another wire (which will connect to the IMU) to the 3V3 pin on the TinyPICO (yellow and orange in the picture below). Twisting the 2 wires together before inserting into the pin will make this task easier.

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twisting and solderingview of 3V3 pin
twisting 3v3 wireview of 3v3 wire
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Solder 2 wires to each of the IMU's GND, VCC, SDA and SCL pins. One of the VCC wires and one of the GND wires should be the extra 3V3 and GND wires from the TinyPICO that you put in in the above steps. Connect one of the SDA wires to pin 21 of the TinyPICO, and one of the SCL wires to pin 22 of the TinyPICO.

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twisting and solderingconnecting to TinyPICOimu wiring
imu wiringimu wiring to tinypicoimu wiring alternative wiring
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At this stage, the IMU should have unconnected wires (1 of each) from SDA, SCL, GND and VCC. Run the 4 unconnected wires through the pole and solder to the corresponding labeled pins on the Trill.

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trill connectionsalternate view
trill connectionstrill connections alternate view
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Now for the fun part ;). Solder wires onto each of the 15 copper strips, running them through the poles to the Trill board when necessary. When cutting wires for this part, allow enough length to get to the Trill, but not too long to clutter the internals. Solder the other ends of the wires in order from pico towards the end cap to pins 0-15 on the Trill board.

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copper solderingalternate view
copper solderingalternate view
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Connect long wires from the 5V and GND pins of the TinyPICO (for the battery), and run them through the poles to the other end. Mount the IMU and Trill boards to their beds, and insert the TinyPICO into its slot in the end cap with the button. Slide the entire frame with the button cap into the PVC, making sure the long power wires can be accessed from the open end. Attach the FSR to the outside of the PVC, cutting the end if it's too long. Use the end cap's slot for the FSR wires to come out of the frame.

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IMU Mounting Note: Please install the IMU so that this configuration is kept consistent will the design.

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T-Stick Sopranino orientation

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T-Stick inserted in pipe

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Insert the power switch into the other end cap. Solder the power wire of the battery to the power switch as in the picture below, twisting together the long power wire from the TinyPICO sticking out the end. Solder the long GND wire to the battery's GND.

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Important Note: 2nd picture below should have ran the wires through the poles and inserted into the frame before soldering to the TinyPICO, be sure to do this before soldering the battery to the TinyPICO.

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power solderingpower circuit view
on/off circuit wiringpower circuit alternate view
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Hooray, you built a T-Stick!

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Document info

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  • Version 1.2: Brady Boettcher
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  • Version 1.1: Edu Meneses - eduardo.meneses@mail.mcgill.ca
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  • Version 1.0: Alex Nieva - alex.nieva@mail.mcgill.ca
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Connecting to a T-Stick 4GW/5GW

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Option 1: Wireless Connection

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Get your network details

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  1. Connect to the network you will be connecting the T-Stick to.
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  2. Note the SSID (network name) and SSID Password (network password).
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  3. Get your computers IP address while connected to this network. Below are linked some support articles for Windows, MacOS and Linux on how to find your computers IP address.
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  4. Find your IP Address Windows
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  5. Find your IP Address MacOS
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  6. Find your IP Address Linux
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Connect to the T-Stick

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  1. Power on your T-Stick and wait until the boot sequence is complete. If your T-Stick does not have a Power switch press the button once and wait for the T-Stick to turn on.
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  2. Connect to the T-Stick_XXX wifi network where XXX is the ID of the T-Stick. ie: TStick_001. By default the password is mappings.
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  3. Open your browser and go to http://TStick_XXX.local/ or http://192.168.4.1, where XXX is the ID of the T-Stick module. + T-Stick Setup Page
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  4. In the Network section write the network name and password optained in Step 2 in the SSID and SSID Password fields.
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  5. In the OSC send settings put in your computer's IP address optained in Step 3 in the Primary IP field.
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  6. Click the green Save button. You will be directed to a page saying that the information was saved successfully.
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  7. Click Config on the top of the page to return to the orginal menu.
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  8. Click the green Close and Reboot button at the bottom of the page.
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Flashing Firmware for T-Stick 4GW

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Option 1: using .bin files and esptool.py

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This method is easier/faster. It uses esptool.py.

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Download the bin files

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  • Download the .bin files located at the bin folder
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Download esptool.py

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Connect the T-Stick to the computer and check the USB port

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  • Check the T-Stick (ESP32) port in your computer:
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  • For MacOS/Linux:
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    • install the latest drivers from from the SiLabs website.
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    • Open a Terminal window
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    • Execute the command ls /dev/cu.*. The command will return a list of ports in your computer.
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    • Plug the T-Stick (USB) and run the command ls /dev/cu.* one more time. You can now compare the lists and anotate the T-Stick USB port. Should be something similar to /dev/cu.wchusbserial1410, probably with a different number
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    • Linux users should also give the currently logged user read and write access the serial port over USB. Check here for more information
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    • Check the list of identified COM ports in the Windows Device Manager
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    • Plug the T-Stick (USB) and check the list of identified COM ports in the Windows Device Manager again. The T-Stick port should appear on the list. Anotate the T-Stick USB port, it should be something similar to COM3 or COM16
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Flash the firmware (.bin files)

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  • Use Finder, Terminal, or File Explorer to copy the contents of the bin folder (you should copy 3 .bin files) to the esptool-master folder
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  • Navigate to the esptool-master folder in Terminal or Command Prompt
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  • Run the command (don't forget to replace the --port (/dev/cu.wchusbserial1410) option for your T-Stick port): esptool.py --chip esp32 --port /dev/cu.wchusbserial1410 --baud 115200 --before default_reset --after hard_reset write_flash -z --flash_mode dio --flash_freq 80m --flash_size detect 0xe000 boot_app0.bin 0x1000 bootloader_dio_80m.bin 0x10000 esp32_arduino_FW211124.bin 0x8000 esp32_arduino_FW211124.ino.partitions.bin 2686976 esp32_arduino_FW211124.spiffs.bin. Wait for the process to be complete. Do not unplug or turn off your T-Stick during the process.
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To set the T-Stick info and test if the data is being send correctly:

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  • Connect the T-Stick to a network (instructions here);
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  • Open the Pure Data (PD) or Max/MSP patch to receive T-Stick messages (they can be found here);
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  • Start receive OSC messages according to the chosen patch.
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Option 2: Using PlatformIO

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INSTALL ALL DEPENDENCIES AND REAL ALL OBSERVATIONS BEFORE UPLOAD !

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Install PlatformIO

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To download and install PlatformIO, follow the instructions at https://platformio.org/platformio-ide.

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We recomment using PlatformIO under Visual Studio Code, but you can also coose another editor.

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Clone the T-Stick repository

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Clone this repository using git clone https://github.com/IDMIL/T-Stick.git. Alternatively, you can download the repository as a zip file at https://github.com/IDMIL/T-Stick. Take note of the folder location.

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Open firmware project and flash it to the T-Stick

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When ready, you need to flash both the firmware and the filesystem image. Choose the proper platform accordingly (lolin_d32_pro or tinypico) and use the PlatformIO menu to flash both images to the T-Stick.

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Test T-Stick

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After flashing, you can use the VSC/PlatformIO serial monitor to check if the T-Stick is booting properly. You should see T-Stick booting process.

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You can also interact with the controller using the following commands:

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  • 's' to start setup mode
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  • 'reboot' to reboot
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  • 'd' to enter deep sleep
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To test if the data is being send correctly:

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  • Connect the T-Stick to a network (instructions here)
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  • Open the Pure Data (PD) or Max/MSP patch to receive T-Stick messages (they can be found here)
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  • Start receive OSC messages according to the chosen patch
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Firmware Information

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Sopranino T-Stick 4G - LOLIN D32 PRO / TinyPico - USB - WiFi Input Devices and Music Interaction Laboratory (IDMIL)

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General Information

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Introduction

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The T-Stick 4GW was designed by Eduardo Meneses and Alex Nieva with the first revision being completed in 2018. This generation of T-Sticks is a Wi-Fi based system using Open Sound Control and later Libmapper for sending signals. It uses the ESP32 microcontroller for controlling the T-Stick. Multiple development boards such as the Lolin D32 and TinyPico have been used with this design. Although the design is modular and can in theory support T-Sticks up to the length of a Tenor T-Stick. Limitations due to how the T-Stick is constructed and firmware makes this design appropriate only for Sopranino and Soprano T-Sticks.

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4th Generation T-Sticks

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Click each box to get more information on each variant of the T-Stick 4GW

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    T-Stick 4GW 2018

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    An ESP32 based T-Stick using the LolinD32 Development board and a custom touch board.

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    More Details

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    T-Stick 4GW 2023

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    An ESP32 based T-Stick using the TinyPico Development board and Bela Trill Touch Board.

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    More Details

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T-Stick 4GW-2018

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+

Warning

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The T-Stick 4GW-2018 is not recommended for new builds due to touch sensor IC and the LSM9DS1 IMU no longer being produced.

+
+

The T-Stick 4GW was designed by Eduardo Meneses and Alex Nieva with the first revision being completed in 2018. This generation of T-Sticks is a Wi-Fi based system using Open Sound Control and later Libmapper for sending signals. It uses the ESP32 microcontroller for controlling the T-Stick. Multiple development boards such as the Lolin D32 and TinyPico have been used with this design. Although the design is modular and can in theory support T-Sticks up to the length of a Tenor T-Stick. Limitations due to how the T-Stick is constructed and firmware makes this design appropriate only for Sopranino and Soprano T-Sticks.

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Guides

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For information on how to use the T-Stick 4GW-2018 check out the guides below:

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Specifications

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FeatureDetails
StatusNot recommended for new builds
Release Year2018
Communication TypeWi-Fi 4, 802.11 b/g/n
Compatible protocolsOpen Sound Control (OSC)/Libmapper
Touch Sensing Density1 channel per 2cm
MicrocontrollerESP32 Series
Gestures Embedded?Yes
Embedded Gestures LibrariesPuara Gestures
SensorsLSM9DS1 IMU, IDMIL Capsence board (16 channels), Force Sensitive Resistor 408 Series, Piezoelectric sensor
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OSC Signal Namespace

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Note

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Replace XXX for the T-Stick ID number

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Raw data

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Signal NameTypeRangeDescription
/TStick_XXX/raw/capsensei...0 or 1Raw signal from the touch sensor. Outputs 1 if a finger is detected
/TStick_XXX/raw/fsri0 4095Raw signal from the force sensitive resistor
/TStick_XXX/raw/acclfff 24Raw signal from the accelerometer in 3-axis (x,y,z)
/TStick_XXX/raw/gyrofff 42Raw signal from the gyroscope in 3-axis (x,y,z)
/TStick_XXX/raw/magnfff 0.001Raw signal from the magnetometer in 3-axis (x,y,z)
/TStick_XXX/batteryi0 100Battery percentage (linear estimate based on voltage)
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Button Signals

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Signal NameTypeRangeDescription
/TStick_XXX/instrument/button/counti0 xNumber of times the button was tapped
/TStick_XXX/instrument/button/tapi0 or 1Outputs 1 if the button was tapped
/TStick_XXX/instrument/button/dtapi0 or 1Outputs 1 if the button was double tapped
/TStick_XXX/instrument/button/ttapi0 or 1Outputs 1 if the button was triple tapped
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Touch Gestures

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Signal NameTypeRangeDescription
/TStick_XXX/instrument/squeezef0 1Normalised signal from the force sensitive resistor
/TStick_XXX/instrument/touch/allf0 1
/TStick_XXX/instrument/touch/topf0 1
/TStick_XXX/instrument/touch/middlef0 1
/TStick_XXX/instrument/touch/bottomf0 1
/TStick_XXX/instrument/brushf0 xcm/s
/TStick_XXX/instrument/multibrushffff0 xcm/s
/TStick_XXX/instrument/rubf0 xcm/s
/TStick_XXX/instrument/multirubffff0 xcm/s
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Inertial Gestures Signals

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Signal NameTypeRangeDescription
/TStick_XXX/orientationffffN/AQuaternions for T-Stick orientation
/TStick_XXX/instrument/yprfff 180\(^{\circ}\) 90\(^{\circ}\) 180\(^{\circ}\)Yaw, pitch, roll of T-Stick
/TStick_XXX/instrument/shakexyzfff0 xShake intensity in 3-axis (x,y,z)
/TStick_XXX/instrument/jabxyzfff0 xJab intensity in 3-axis (x,y,z)
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T-Stick 4GW-2021

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+

Warning

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The T-Stick 4GW-2021 is not recommended for new builds due to Tinypico and the LSM9DS1 IMU no longer being produced.

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The T-Stick 4GW-2021 was designed by Eduardo Meneses in September of 2021. It uses the same signal namespace as the T-Stick 4GW-2018 but replaces the IDMIL capsence board with Bela's Trill Craft Touch Board.

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Guides

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For information on how to use the T-Stick 4GW-2021 check out the guides below:

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+ +
+

Specifications

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FeatureDetails
StatusNot recommended for new builds
Release Year2021
Communication TypeWi-Fi 4, 802.11 b/g/n
Compatible protocolsOpen Sound Control (OSC)/Libmapper
Touch Sensing Density1 channel per 2cm
MicrocontrollerESP32 Series
Gestures Embedded?Yes
Embedded Gestures LibrariesPuara Gestures
SensorsLSM9DS1 IMU, Trill Craft Capacitive Sensing Board (30 channels), Force Sensitive Resistor 408 Series
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OSC Signal Namespace

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Note

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Replace XXX for the T-Stick ID number

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Raw data

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Signal NameTypeRangeDescription
/TStick_XXX/raw/capsensei...0 or 1Raw signal from the touch sensor. Outputs 1 if a finger is detected
/TStick_XXX/raw/fsri0 4095Raw signal from the force sensitive resistor
/TStick_XXX/raw/acclfff 24Raw signal from the accelerometer in 3-axis (x,y,z)
/TStick_XXX/raw/gyrofff 42Raw signal from the gyroscope in 3-axis (x,y,z)
/TStick_XXX/raw/magnfff 0.001Raw signal from the magnetometer in 3-axis (x,y,z)
/TStick_XXX/batteryi0 100Battery percentage (linear estimate based on voltage)
+

Button Signals

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Signal NameTypeRangeDescription
/TStick_XXX/instrument/button/counti0 xNumber of times the button was tapped
/TStick_XXX/instrument/button/tapi0 or 1Outputs 1 if the button was tapped
/TStick_XXX/instrument/button/dtapi0 or 1Outputs 1 if the button was double tapped
/TStick_XXX/instrument/button/ttapi0 or 1Outputs 1 if the button was triple tapped
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Touch Gestures

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Signal NameTypeRangeDescription
/TStick_XXX/instrument/squeezef0 1Normalised signal from the force sensitive resistor
/TStick_XXX/instrument/touch/allf0 1
/TStick_XXX/instrument/touch/topf0 1
/TStick_XXX/instrument/touch/middlef0 1
/TStick_XXX/instrument/touch/bottomf0 1
/TStick_XXX/instrument/brushf0 xcm/s
/TStick_XXX/instrument/multibrushffff0 xcm/s
/TStick_XXX/instrument/rubf0 xcm/s
/TStick_XXX/instrument/multirubffff0 xcm/s
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Inertial Gestures Signals

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Signal NameTypeRangeDescription
/TStick_XXX/orientationffffN/AQuaternions for T-Stick orientation
/TStick_XXX/instrument/yprfff 180\(^{\circ}\) 90\(^{\circ}\) 180\(^{\circ}\)Yaw, pitch, roll of T-Stick
/TStick_XXX/instrument/shakexyzfff0 xShake intensity in 3-axis (x,y,z)
/TStick_XXX/instrument/jabxyzfff0 xJab intensity in 3-axis (x,y,z)
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Building a Soprano T-Stick 5GW-Enchanti

+
+

Warning

+

This guide is still under constructions. Links to files/products may be broken. If you find a broken link please open an issue on github.

+
+
+

Note

+

This guide is for building a Soprano T-Stick 5GW.

+
+

Bill of Materials

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
QtyDescription
01EnchantiTouch Board
01EnchantiS3 Board
01Flex PCB touch sensor
0160cm FSR 408
016mm Button
01Li-Po/Li-ion Battery min 1000mA
01ABS/PVC Tube
02Sparkfun Qwiic Cable or equivalent (at least 10cm) (longer T-Sticks need additional cables)
02JST-SH 2 pin cable
\~65cmHeat shrink tube (80mm diameter)
01end-cup with microcontroller base
01end-cup with for the ON-OFF switch
013D printed bases, one of each file, and 4 regular poles
11M3 Mounting Screws
04M3 Inserts (6mm)
06M2 Inserts (6mm)
01foam sheet
01Plastic glue
0118650 battery holder (if using 18650 battery)
012 pin JST-PH cable (if using 18650 battery)
+

Instructions

+

Prepare the 3D printed components

+

Print the following files from the T-Stick repository.

+
    +
  • x1 esp32-bed
    • +
  • x1 touch-board-bed
    • +
  • x2 touch-board-door
    • +
  • x1 blank-endcap
    • +
  • x1 cap-closer
    • +
+
+

Note

+

If you are using an 18650 battery you will need to print liion-endcap instead of the blank-endcap and an additional cap-closer.

+
+

Overview of 3D printed components

+

Adding inserts

+

Use a soldering iron or other heat source to add M2 inserts to the front of the ESP32 bed piece (x2).

+

M2 inserts in the front of the ESP32 cap

+

Add M3 inserts to the holes inside the ESP32 bed (x2). These will be used to screw in the board to the component.

+

M3 inserts for ESP32 board

+

Add M2 inserts to the holes on the side of the touch board beds (x4). These will be used to screw in the touch board doors.

+

M2 inserts for the touch board bed

+

Add M3 inserts to the 3rd and 5th hole on the bottom of the touch board beds (x2). These will be used to secure the Enchanti touch board.

+
+

Tip

+

Add the M3 inserts from the top (from the flat part of the piece). This will ensure that you don't get fillament in the way when attempting to screw in the boards.

+
+

Prepare the ABS/PVC Pipe

+

Cut the ABS/PVC pipe into two pieces. Each with a length of about ~10inch/25cm. Use super glue or other alternative methods to glue the touch board bed to both pieces of the ABS/PVC pipe.

+

touch board bed glued to pipe

+
+

Tip

+

We recommend using a drop saw/mitre saw to get a clean cut

+
+

Setup the touch board

+

Flash the Enchanti Touch board using the firmware found here. You can find instructions for how to flash the PSoC 4100S Max on Infineon's website

+

Use two M3 screws to screw the Enchanti Touch board to the touch board bed. Connect the touch sensor to the FFC connectors on the Enchanti Touch board. Peel the cover from the tape and tape the touch sensor against the pipe as shown below.

+

touch sensor mounted

+

Mount the FSR

+

Cut the 2-pin JST cable to about 10cm as shown in the image below.

+

cut jst cable, next to fsr

+

Solder the two ends of the JST cable to the two terminals of the FSR.

+
+

Warning

+

Take care with soldering the FSR. Excessive heat will damage the FSR pins.

+
+

soldered FSR connection

+
+

Tip

+

The FSR pins are very delicate. Put some heat shrink tube to reinforce the end of the fsr so it doesn’t break. If it breaks, it’s not repairable.

+
+
+

Tip

+

It is recommended to put a bit of solder on both the FSR terminals and the ends of the FSR cables. This allows you to quickly solder the FSR, without damaging the terminals due to excessive heat. Use heat shrink to prevent shorts.

+
+

Attach the FSR to the outside of the ABS/PVC pipe on the opposite end of the touch sensor, cutting the end if it's too long. Cut the foam sheets into rectangles and tape it over the FSR.

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + +
FSR mounted, before adding foam sheetFSR mounted with foam sheet
fsr mounted uncoveredfsr mounted covered by foam sheet
+

Apply Heat Shrink

+

Cut the Heat shrink leaving a little heat shrink at both ends of the pipe. Shrink the heat shrink over the pipe, making sure to not overtighten the heat shrink over the FSR side of the pipe. Once the heat shrink has been applied. Cut a hole in the heat shrink where the touch board is.

+
+

Warning

+

Be careful to not cut the touch sensor

+
+

heat shrink cut open

+

Prepare the EnchantiS3 Board

+

Use two M3 screws to secure the EnchantiS3 board to the ESP32 endcap. Glue the button in the button slot on the ESP32 bed piece. Cut another 2-Pin JST cable (like the one used for the FSR). Solder the two ends of the JST cable vertically to the button pins. Connect the JST cable from the button to the BTN header on the EnchantiS3 board.

+

EnchantiS3 Board on the ESP32 bed

+

Final Assembly

+

Glue both endcaps to the ends of the pipe. Connect the JST cable from the FSR to the FSR header on the EnchantiS3 board.

+
+

Info

+

It is really important that there is a strong adhesion when gluing the components together. Use glue designed for the plastic pipe you are using.

+
+

Endcap attached to the T-Stick

+

Use M2 screws add the touch door beds to the T-Stick.

+

Touch door connected to T-Stick

+

Next Steps

+

Congratulations you have built a T-Stick 5GW-Enchanti! Instructions to upload (flash) the T-Stick firmware and configuration files can be found here.

+

Read and follow ALL the instructions before uploading the firmware to the board. There are some steps to prepare your machine and the ESP32 before flash it for the first time.

+

More info:

+

Version 0.0: Created by: Albert-Ngabo Niyonsenga - aniyonsenga@gmail.com

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Building a Sopraniono T-Stick 5GW-Trill

+
+

Warning

+

This guide is still under constructions. Links to files/products may be broken. If you find a broken link please open an issue on github.

+
+
+

Note

+

This guide is for building a Sopranino T-Stick 5GW-Trill.

+
+

Bill of Materials

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
QtyDescription
01Trill Craft Board
01EnchantiS3 Board
01Trill Extension Board
01Flex PCB touch sensor
0130cm FSR 408
016mm Button
01Li-Po/Li-ion Battery min 1000mA
01ABS/PVC Tube
02Sparkfun Qwiic Cable or equivalent (at least 10cm) (longer T-Sticks need additional cables)
02JST-SH 2 pin cable
\~35cmHeat shrink tube
01end-cup with microcontroller base
01end-cup with for the ON-OFF switch
013D printed bases, one of each file, and 4 regular poles
11M3 Mounting Screws
01foam sheet
+

Instructions

+

Prepare the 3D printed components

+

Print the following files from the T-Stick repository.

+
    +
  • x1 esp32-bed
    • +
  • x1 touch-board-bed
    • +
  • x2 touch-board-door
    • +
  • x1 blank-endcap
    • +
  • x1 cap-closer
    • +
+
+

Note

+

If you are using an 18650 battery you will need to print liion-endcap instead of the blank-endcap and an additional cap-closer.

+
+

Overview of 3D printed components

+

Adding inserts

+

Use a soldering iron or other heat source to add M2 inserts to the front of the ESP32 bed piece (x2).

+

M2 inserts in the front of the ESP32 cap

+

Add M3 inserts to the holes inside the ESP32 bed (x2). These will be used to screw in the board to the component.

+

M3 inserts for ESP32 board

+

Add M2 inserts to the holes on the side of the touch board beds (x4). These will be used to screw in the touch board doors.

+

M2 inserts for the touch board bed

+

Prepare the ABS/PVC Pipe

+

Cut the ABS/PVC pipe two pieces. One piece should be about ~8inch/20cm and other a short piece about ~1.2inch/3cm. Use super glue or other alternative methods to glue the touch board bed to both pieces of the ABS/PVC pipe. Make sure to glue the short piece to the end closest to the M3 inserts

+
+

Warning

+
+

touch board bed glued to pipe

+
+

Tip

+

We recommend using a drop saw/mitre saw to get a clean cut

+
+

Add M3 inserts to the last two holes closest to the short PVC pipe on the bottom of the touch board beds (x2). These will be used to secure the Trill Craft board.

+
+

Tip

+

Add the M3 inserts from the top (from the flat part of the piece). This will ensure that you don't get fillament in the way when attempting to screw in the boards.

+
+

Setup the touch board

+

Solder the Trill Craft board on the Trill Craft Extension Board. Make sure to line up the

+

Use two M3 screws to screw the Trill Craft extension board to the touch board bed. Connect the touch sensor to the FFC connectors on the Trill Craft board. Peel the cover from the tape and tape the touch sensor against the pipe as shown below.

+

touch sensor mounted

+

Mount the FSR

+

Cut the 2-pin JST cable to about 10cm as shown in the image below.

+

cut jst cable, next to fsr

+

Solder the two ends of the JST cable to the two terminals of the FSR.

+
+

Warning

+

Take care with soldering the FSR. Excessive heat will damage the FSR pins.

+
+

soldered FSR connection

+
+

Tip

+

The FSR pins are very delicate. Put some heat shrink tube to reinforce the end of the fsr so it doesn’t break. If it breaks, it’s not repairable.

+
+
+

Tip

+

It is recommended to put a bit of solder on both the FSR terminals and the ends of the FSR cables. This allows you to quickly solder the FSR, without damaging the terminals due to excessive heat. Use heat shrink to prevent shorts.

+
+

Attach the FSR to the outside of the ABS/PVC pipe on the opposite end of the touch sensor, cutting the end if it's too long. Cut the foam sheets into rectangles and tape it over the FSR.

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + +
FSR mounted, before adding foam sheetFSR mounted with foam sheet
fsr mounted uncoveredfsr mounted covered by foam sheet
+

Apply Heat Shrink

+

Cut the Heat shrink leaving a little heat shrink at both ends of the pipe. Shrink the heat shrink over the pipe, making sure to not overtighten the heat shrink over the FSR side of the pipe. Once the heat shrink has been applied. Cut a hole in the heat shrink where the touch board is.

+
+

Warning

+

Be careful to not cut the touch sensor

+
+

heat shrink cut open

+

Prepare the EnchantiS3 Board

+

Use two M3 screws to secure the EnchantiS3 board to the ESP32 endcap. Glue the button in the button slot on the ESP32 bed piece. Cut another 2-Pin JST cable (like the one used for the FSR). Solder the two ends of the JST cable vertically to the button pins. Connect the JST cable from the button to the BTN header on the EnchantiS3 board.

+

EnchantiS3 Board on the ESP32 bed

+

Final Assembly

+

Glue both endcaps to the ends of the pipe. Connect the JST cable from the FSR to the FSR header on the EnchantiS3 board.

+
+

Info

+

It is really important that there is a strong adhesion when gluing the components together. Use glue designed for the plastic pipe you are using.

+
+

Endcap attached to the T-Stick

+

Use M2 screws add the touch door beds to the T-Stick.

+

Touch door connected to T-Stick

+

Next Steps

+

Congratulations you have built a T-Stick 5GW-Trill! Instructions to upload (flash) the T-Stick firmware and configuration files can be found here.

+

Read and follow ALL the instructions before uploading the firmware to the board. There are some steps to prepare your machine and the ESP32 before flash it for the first time.

+

More info:

+

Version 0.0: Created by: Albert-Ngabo Niyonsenga - aniyonsenga@gmail.com

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Connecting to a T-Stick 4GW/5GW

+

Option 1: Wireless Connection

+

Get your network details

+
    +
  1. Connect to the network you will be connecting the T-Stick to.
    2. +
  2. Note the SSID (network name) and SSID Password (network password).
    3. +
  3. Get your computers IP address while connected to this network. Below are linked some support articles for Windows, MacOS and Linux on how to find your computers IP address.
    4. +
  4. Find your IP Address Windows
    5. +
  5. Find your IP Address MacOS
    6. +
  6. Find your IP Address Linux
    7. +
+

Connect to the T-Stick

+
    +
  1. Power on your T-Stick and wait until the boot sequence is complete. If your T-Stick does not have a Power switch press the button once and wait for the T-Stick to turn on.
    2. +
  2. Connect to the T-Stick_XXX wifi network where XXX is the ID of the T-Stick. ie: TStick_001. By default the password is mappings.
    3. +
  3. Open your browser and go to http://TStick_XXX.local/ or http://192.168.4.1, where XXX is the ID of the T-Stick module. + T-Stick Setup Page
    4. +
  4. In the Network section write the network name and password optained in Step 2 in the SSID and SSID Password fields.
    5. +
  5. In the OSC send settings put in your computer's IP address optained in Step 3 in the Primary IP field.
    6. +
  6. Click the green Save button. You will be directed to a page saying that the information was saved successfully.
    7. +
  7. Click Config on the top of the page to return to the orginal menu.
    8. +
  8. Click the green Close and Reboot button at the bottom of the page.
    9. +
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Flashing Firmware for a T-Stick 5GW

+

Option 1: using .bin files and esptool.py

+

This method is easier/faster. It uses esptool.py.

+

Download the bin files

+
    +
  • Download the .bin files located at the bin folder
    • +
+

Download esptool.py

+ +

Connect the T-Stick to the computer and check the USB port

+
    +
  • Check the T-Stick (ESP32) port in your computer:
    • +
  • For MacOS/Linux:
      +
    • install the latest drivers from from the SiLabs website.
      • +
    • Open a Terminal window
      • +
    • Execute the command ls /dev/cu.*. The command will return a list of ports in your computer.
      • +
    • Plug the T-Stick (USB) and run the command ls /dev/cu.* one more time. You can now compare the lists and anotate the T-Stick USB port. Should be something similar to /dev/cu.wchusbserial1410, probably with a different number
      • +
    • Linux users should also give the currently logged user read and write access the serial port over USB. Check here for more information
      • +
    +
    • +
  • For Windows:
      +
    • Check the list of identified COM ports in the Windows Device Manager
      • +
    • Plug the T-Stick (USB) and check the list of identified COM ports in the Windows Device Manager again. The T-Stick port should appear on the list. Anotate the T-Stick USB port, it should be something similar to COM3 or COM16
      • +
    +
    • +
+

Flash the firmware (.bin files)

+
    +
  • Use Finder, Terminal, or File Explorer to copy the contents of the bin folder (you should copy 3 .bin files) to the esptool-master folder
    • +
  • Navigate to the esptool-master folder in Terminal or Command Prompt
    • +
  • Run the command (don't forget to replace the --port (/dev/cu.wchusbserial1410) option for your T-Stick port): esptool.py --chip esp32 --port /dev/cu.wchusbserial1410 --baud 115200 --before default_reset --after hard_reset write_flash -z --flash_mode dio --flash_freq 80m --flash_size detect 0xe000 boot_app0.bin 0x1000 bootloader_dio_80m.bin 0x10000 esp32_arduino_FW211124.bin 0x8000 esp32_arduino_FW211124.ino.partitions.bin 2686976 esp32_arduino_FW211124.spiffs.bin. Wait for the process to be complete. Do not unplug or turn off your T-Stick during the process.
    • +
+

To set the T-Stick info and test if the data is being send correctly:

+
    +
  • Connect the T-Stick to a network (instructions here);
    • +
  • Open the Pure Data (PD) or Max/MSP patch to receive T-Stick messages (they can be found here);
    • +
  • Start receive OSC messages according to the chosen patch.
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General Information

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The T-Stick 5GW consists of a custom ESP32 board which integrates a ESP32-S3 WROOM 2 Module with a ICM20948 IMU and MAX17055 on a single board, and a touch board that has a pinout for the Trill Craft board as well as, two JST-SH 4 pin connectors to daisy chain multiple touch boards together.

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System Architecture

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The image below shows the hardware architecture for the new T-Stick design. Most of the power sytem functions such as providing power, charging the instrument and changing the power state is handled by the MCP73871. This IC handles charging the LiPO/Li-ion battery and changing between the USB power and battery power depending on voltage. In addition, two regulators, the NCP167AMX330TBG/NCP167AMX1800TBG series are used to step down the system power to 3.3V and 1.8V respectively. The MAX17055 is used as a fuel gauge. This fuel gauge is used over its non-current sensing counter parts such as the MAX17048 due to better accuracy.

+

Figure 1: T-Stick 5GW Architecture

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The Trill Craft board is kept as the capacitive sensor solution of choice. A more integrated solution using just the MCU on the Trill Craft board was considered but figuring out how to flash the MCU in a systematic way, would have been more of a hassle than it is worth. The touch board uses a 32 pin FFC connector to connect to a flexible PCB with 30 touch points and two ground points. The IMU is changed to an ICM20948 9-DOF IMU. as mentioned previously this is due to the fact that the LSM9DS1 is no longer actively supported by the company that produces it. It receives the 1.8V power from one of the regulators. Three mosfets are used to convert the 1.8V logic from the ICM20948 to 3.3V to communicate with the ESP32.

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5th Generation T-Sticks

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Click each box to get more information on each variant of the T-Stick 4GW

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  • +

    T-Stick 5GW-Trill

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    An ESP32-S3 based T-Stick using the Bela Trill Touch Board.

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    More Details

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    • +
  • +

    T-Stick 5GW-Enchanti

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    +

    An ESP32-S3 based T-Stick using a custom touch board.

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    More Details

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Diagrams

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ESP32 Board Diagram

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Touch Board Diagram

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Schematic

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Custom ESP32 Board Schematics

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Touch Board Schematic

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T-Stick 5GW-Enchanti

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The T-Stick 5GW-Enchanti is a 5th generation T-Stick that uses Enchanti Touch Board. More details on 5th generation T-Sticks can be found here.

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Guides

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For information on how to use the T-Stick 5GW-Enchanti check out the guides below:

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Specification

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FeatureDetails
StatusUnder development
Release Year2024
Communication TypeWi-Fi 4, 802.11 b/g/n
Compatible protocolsOpen Sound Control (OSC)/Libmapper
Touch Sensing Density1 channel per 1cm
MicrocontrollerESP32-S3 Series
Gestures Embedded?Yes
Embedded Gestures LibrariesPuara Gestures
SensorsICM20948 IMU, Trill Craft Capacitive Sensing Board (30 channels), Force Sensitive Resistor 408 Series, MAX17262 Fuel Gauge
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OSC Signal Namespace

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Note

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Replace XXX for the T-Stick ID number

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Raw data

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Signal NameTypeRangeDescription
/TStick_XXX/raw/capsensei...0 4095Raw signal from the touch sensor.
/TStick_XXX/raw/fsri0 4095Raw signal from the force sensitive resistor
/TStick_XXX/raw/acclfff 24Raw signal from the accelerometer in 3-axis (x,y,z)
/TStick_XXX/raw/gyrofff 42Raw signal from the gyroscope in 3-axis (x,y,z)
/TStick_XXX/raw/magnfff 0.001Raw signal from the magnetometer in 3-axis (x,y,z)
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Battery Signals

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Signal NameTypeRangeDescription
/TStick_XXX/battery/percentagef0 100Battery percentage
/TStick_XXX/battery/voltagef0 4.2Battery voltage (V)
/TStick_XXX/battery/currentf 2000Battery current (mA)
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Button Signals

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Signal NameTypeRangeDescription
/TStick_XXX/instrument/button/counti0 xNumber of times the button was tapped
/TStick_XXX/instrument/button/tapi0 or 1Outputs 1 if the button was tapped
/TStick_XXX/instrument/button/dtapi0 or 1Outputs 1 if the button was double tapped
/TStick_XXX/instrument/button/ttapi0 or 1Outputs 1 if the button was triple tapped
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Touch Gestures

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Signal NameTypeRangeDescription
/TStick_XXX/instrument/squeezef0 1Normalised signal from the force sensitive resistor
/TStick_XXX/instrument/touch/allf0 1
/TStick_XXX/instrument/touch/topf0 1
/TStick_XXX/instrument/touch/middlef0 1
/TStick_XXX/instrument/touch/bottomf0 1
/TStick_XXX/instrument/brushf0 xcm/s
/TStick_XXX/instrument/multibrushffff0 xcm/s
/TStick_XXX/instrument/rubf0 xcm/s
/TStick_XXX/instrument/multirubffff0 xcm/s
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Inertial Gestures Signals

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Signal NameTypeRangeDescription
/TStick_XXX/orientationffffN/AQuaternions for T-Stick orientation
/TStick_XXX/instrument/yprfff 180\(^{\circ}\) 90\(^{\circ}\) 180\(^{\circ}\)Yaw, pitch, roll of T-Stick
/TStick_XXX/instrument/shakexyzfff0 xShake intensity in 3-axis (x,y,z)
/TStick_XXX/instrument/jabxyzfff0 xJab intensity in 3-axis (x,y,z)
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T-Stick 5GW-Trill

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The T-Stick 5GW-Trill is a 5th generation T-Stick that uses Bela's Trill Craft Touch Board. More details on 5th generation T-Sticks can be found here.

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Guides

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For information on how to use the T-Stick 5GW-Trill check out the guides below:

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Specifications

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FeatureDetails
StatusRecommended for new builds
Release Year2024
Communication TypeWi-Fi 4, 802.11 b/g/n
Compatible protocolsOpen Sound Control (OSC)/Libmapper
Touch Sensing Density1 channel per 1cm
MicrocontrollerESP32-S3 Series
Gestures Embedded?Yes
Embedded Gestures LibrariesPuara Gestures
SensorsICM20948 IMU, Trill Craft Capacitive Sensing Board (30 channels), Force Sensitive Resistor 408 Series, MAX17262 Fuel Gauge
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OSC Signal Namespace

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Note

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Replace XXX for the T-Stick ID number

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Raw data

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Signal NameTypeRangeDescription
/TStick_XXX/raw/capsensei...0 512Raw signal from the touch sensor.
/TStick_XXX/raw/fsri0 4095Raw signal from the force sensitive resistor
/TStick_XXX/raw/acclfff 24Raw signal from the accelerometer in 3-axis (x,y,z)
/TStick_XXX/raw/gyrofff 42Raw signal from the gyroscope in 3-axis (x,y,z)
/TStick_XXX/raw/magnfff 0.001Raw signal from the magnetometer in 3-axis (x,y,z)
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Battery Signals

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Signal NameTypeRangeDescription
/TStick_XXX/battery/percentagef0 100Battery percentage
/TStick_XXX/battery/voltagef0 4.2Battery voltage (V)
/TStick_XXX/battery/currentf 2000Battery current (mA)
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Button Signals

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Signal NameTypeRangeDescription
/TStick_XXX/instrument/button/counti0 xNumber of times the button was tapped
/TStick_XXX/instrument/button/tapi0 or 1Outputs 1 if the button was tapped
/TStick_XXX/instrument/button/dtapi0 or 1Outputs 1 if the button was double tapped
/TStick_XXX/instrument/button/ttapi0 or 1Outputs 1 if the button was triple tapped
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Touch Gestures

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Signal NameTypeRangeDescription
/TStick_XXX/instrument/squeezef0 1Normalised signal from the force sensitive resistor
/TStick_XXX/instrument/touch/allf0 1
/TStick_XXX/instrument/touch/topf0 1
/TStick_XXX/instrument/touch/middlef0 1
/TStick_XXX/instrument/touch/bottomf0 1
/TStick_XXX/instrument/brushf0 xcm/s
/TStick_XXX/instrument/multibrushffff0 xcm/s
/TStick_XXX/instrument/rubf0 xcm/s
/TStick_XXX/instrument/multirubffff0 xcm/s
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Inertial Gestures Signals

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Signal NameTypeRangeDescription
/TStick_XXX/orientationffffN/AQuaternions for T-Stick orientation
/TStick_XXX/instrument/yprfff 180\(^{\circ}\) 90\(^{\circ}\) 180\(^{\circ}\)Yaw, pitch, roll of T-Stick
/TStick_XXX/instrument/shakexyzfff0 xShake intensity in 3-axis (x,y,z)
/TStick_XXX/instrument/jabxyzfff0 xJab intensity in 3-axis (x,y,z)
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T-Stick Design Guidelines

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Purpose

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To improve interoperability between present and future T-Stick implementations.

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1. Identity Characteristics

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These features might be part of what makes an object identifiable as a T-Stick, and not some other instrument or object. These features are not normative, and serve more to introduce vocabulary that can be used in subsequent remarks.

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    +
  1. T-Stick is cylindrical.
    2. +
  2. T-Stick usually has a diameter such that it can be held in one hand.
    3. +
  3. T-Stick’s outer cylindrical face has two sides; one side (termed “the top side”) has a pressure sensor, and it is usually slightly squishy e.g. due to a layer of closed cell foam adhered on that side of the instrument. The other side (termed “the bottom side”) has a (usually capacitive) fully multitouch touch sensor, and it is usually not squishy.
    4. +
  4. T-Stick also senses information about the orientation and motion of the instrument in space, such as the direction in the global frame of reference it is pointing (i.e. “pitch and yaw”, aka “altitude and azimuth”, aka “heading and inclination” aka etc), usually using an inertial measurement unit (IMU), or magnetic-inertial measurement unit (MIMU).
    5. +
  5. T-Stick usually has a recipient port for a serial communications bus connection at one end of the pipe, usually USB. This end is termed “the proximal end” of the pipe, because it is often held closer to the heart of the T-Stick player. The other end of the pipe is termed “the distal end” of the pipe.
    6. +
  6. The ends of the pipe are usually closed off with end caps which sometimes have buttons, lights, and/or switches embedded in them, as well as the serial bus connector on the proximal end.
    7. +
  7. In addition to the pipe that makes up the main body of the instrument, a T-Stick often has an internal structure. Sensors may be attached to the pipe, the internal structure, the endcaps, or a combination of these parts.
    8. +
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2. Hardware Standards

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These remarks are meant to be normative. Adherence to these remarks is meant to improve interoperability between present and future T-Stick implementations.

+

Many of the following standards are based on the dimensions of materials readily available in Canada where most T-Sticks are currently made. T-Stick builders in regions where available materials are sold with different base dimensions may wish to define local standards.

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2.1. Coordinate Systems

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The global coordinate system used in T-Stick implementations is a right-handed East-North-Up 3-dimensional orthogonal Cartesian coordinate system. The positive X axis points to the East. The positive Y axis points North. The positive Z axis points up.

+

The performance-local coordinate system used in T-Stick implementations is derived by a rotation of the global coordinate system about the Z axis, such that the performance-local X axis points from center stage to stage right (i.e. from left to right when standing on stage facing the audience), and the performance-local Y axis points from center stage to downstage (i.e. towards the audience).

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The T-Stick-local coordinate system is used to give directions relative to the body of the T-Stick. The X axis points from the proximal end of the pipe to the distal end of the pipe. The Y axis is determined from a 90 degree counterclockwise rotation of the X axis about the Z axis. The Z axis points from the bottom side of the pipe to the top side of the pipe.

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The reference origin is centered in the circular cross-section of the pipe, with X = 0 defined such that the origin lies in the cutting plane that defines the proximal end of the pipe before end caps are attached.

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T-Stick Coordinate System

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Dimensions must given in millimeters (mm). Alternative representations in other units such as inches (in), feet (ft), centimeters (cm), or other units may be given in addition to the dimension in mm when convenient to aid comprehension.

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2.2. Consort Dimensions

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T-Sticks can be made in a variety of sizes, shown in table 1.

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All T-Sticks in this consort use standard 1 ½” ABS pipe (typically manufactured for use in plumbing fixtures) with an outer diameter of 42.164 mm (1.6600 in) and an inner diameter of 35.179 mm (1.3850 in).

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The base unit of length of a T-Stick is 304.8 mm (12 in, 1 ft). The different T-Stick sizes are all multiples of this base length. This length is chosen for maximum yield of T-Sticks from readily available lengths of pipe, which are normally sold by the foot.

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Table 1: T-Stick Sizes

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“Range”Length of pipe (without end caps)
Sopranino304.8 mm (12 in, 1 ft)
Soprano609.6 mm (24 in, 2 ft)
Alto914.4 mm (36 in, 3 ft)
Tenor1219.2 mm (48 in, 4 ft)
Bass1524.0 mm (60 in, 5 ft)
Contrabass1828.8 mm (72 in, 6 ft)
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2.3. Mounting Holes

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Mounting holes on the PCB and internal structure shall be spaced 12.7 mm (½ in) apart along the X axis, starting 6.35 mm (¼ in) from the origin (i.e. from the proximal opening of the pipe). Adherence to this standard enables parts to be designed without strict coupling.

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2.4. PCBs

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If PCBs are used the following characteristics should be followed to improve interoperability between designs.

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    +
  1. PCBs shall not have dimension in the Y axis greater than 31.75 mm (1.25 in).
    2. +
  2. The bottom surface of PCBs should not have any surface mount components or through hole component legs.
    3. +
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3. Sensor Measurements

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These remarks are meant to be normative. Adherence to these remarks is meant to improve interoperability between present and future T-Stick implementations. The T-Stick should be able to measure or approximate the following properties:

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    +
  1. Acceleration
    2. +
  2. Orientation
    3. +
  3. Pressure
    4. +
  4. Multi-finger touch
    5. +
  5. Taps
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  6. Jabs
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  7. Brushes
    8. +
  8. Rubs
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It is recommended to use a similar set of sensors and algorithms as previous T-Stick designs to maintain similar behavior across T-Sticks. These properties should be able to meet the accuracy requirement (Requirement 3.2) outlined in Technical Requirements and Constraints. Additionally any sensor fusion and gestural extraction should be done in the T-Stick firmware.

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4. Signal Namespace

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If interoperability with previous T-Stick pieces is desired the following guidelines should be followed:

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    +
  1. The T-Stick should use an existing namespace. Check previous designs for past and current namespaces.
    2. +
  2. If you wish for the T-Stick to be able to play older pieces the T-Stick firmware should have a built in translation layer for signals. External translation layers can be used but are not desired.
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T-Stick Functions

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Introduction

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This page outlines the high level functions the T-Stick does and links previous designs of the T-Stick for inspiration of how the functions were accomplished.

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Functional Analysis

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As shown in figure below the T-Stick has a relatively straight forward functional flow block diagram.

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functional flow block diagram of T-Stick

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The sensors must be initialised, and then regularly polled for their raw sensor data. Any sensor errors must be processed and then converted to error messages to be sent to the user. In the fourth generation of T-Sticks this function is not fully developed but still exists, as most errors are at least printed to the serial monitor. The power system of the T-Stick handles charging the instrument, providing power to all components and changing the power state between active operation and deep sleep. The control and communication system output signals and interpret any user inputs/signals such as using the serial monitor to reboot the T-Stick.

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Puara Gestures

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Note: Article still a Work in Progress

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Read More

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High-Level gesture vocabulary for the T-Stick

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Presented codes are arduino compatible.

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Summary:

+ +

Signal structures and global variables:

+
byte touchByteSize = 2; // bytes necessary to represent all the stripes (1-bit per stripe) = 2 for the sopranino
+byte touchSizeAll = touchByteSize * 8 ; // total amount of T-Stick stripes (8 bits per byte)
+byte touchSizeEdge = 4; // amount of T-Stick stripes for top and bottom portions of the T-Stick (arbitrary)
+float leakyConstant = 0.05;
+float shakeArray[5] = {0,0,0,0,0};
+byte shakeArrayindex = 0;
+float jabArray[5] = {0,0,0,0,0};
+byte jabArrayindex = 0;
+float shakeAccum = 0;
+float cartopolAmplitude = 0;
+float cartopolAngle = 0;
+
+struct RawDataStruct { // initialized as RawData
+  byte touch[touchByteSize]; // /raw/capsense, i..., 0--255, ... (1 int per 8 capacitive stripes -- 8 bits)
+  float fsr; // /raw/fsr, i, 0--4095
+  float piezo; // /raw/piezo, i, 0--1023
+  float accl[3]; // /raw/accl, fff, +/-16, +/-16, +/-16 (g linear acceleration full scale), converted from sensor data with range +/-32767 (integers)
+  float gyro[3]; // /raw/gyro, fff, +/-2000, +/-2000, +/-2000 (dps angular rate full scale), converted from sensor data with range +/-34.90659 (floats)
+  float magn[3]; // /raw/magn, iii, fff, +/-16, +/-16, +/-16 (gauss magnetic full scale), converted from sensor data with range +/-32767 (integers)
+  float raw[9]; // /raw (IMU data to be send to callibration app)
+  float quat[4]; // /raw/quat, ffff, ?, ? ,? ,?
+  float ypr[3]; // /raw/ypr, fff, ?, ? ,?
+};
+
+
struct NormDataStruct { // initialized as NormData
+  float fsr; // /norm/fsr, f, 0--1
+  float piezo; // /norm/piezo, f, 0--1
+  float accl[3]; // /norm/accl, fff, +/-1, +/-1, +/-1
+  float gyro[3]; // /norm/gyro, fff, +/-1, +/-1, +/-1
+  float magn[3]; // /norm/magn, fff, +/-1, +/-1, +/-1
+};
+
+
struct LastStateDataStruct { // initialized as LastStateData
+  byte touch[touchByteSize]; // last state of /raw/capsense
+  byte brushUp;
+  byte brushDown;
+  float shake;
+  float shakeAccum;
+};
+
+
struct InstrumentDataStruct { // initialized as InstrumentData
+  byte touchAll[touchByteSize]; // surface contact
+  byte touchTop;
+  byte touchBody[touchByteSize-1];
+  byte touchMiddle[touchByteSize-2];
+  byte touchBottom;
+  byte brushUp;
+  byte brushDown;
+  byte brushAmplitude;
+  byte energy;
+  float amplitude;
+  float roll;
+  float tilt;
+  float shake;
+  float jerk;
+};
+
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functions

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    +
  • Implement bit read/write function (not needed for arduino, bitRead and bitWrite function is already included):
    • +
+
bool bitRead(byte target, byte index){
+    return ((target >> index) & 1U);
+}
+
+void bitWrite(byte destiny, byte index, byte origin){
+    if (bitRead(destiny, index) != bitRead(origin, index)) {
+        destiny.flip(index);
+    }
+}
+
+
    +
  • Implement function to calculate mean for a given bit range
    • +
+
float bitMean (byte capsense_array[], byte first_bit, byte last_bit) { // calculates mean for a given bit range
+    float mean = 0;
+    For ( i = first_bit; i < last_bit; i++ ) {
+        byte array_index = i/8;
+        byte target_index = i - (8 * array_index);
+        If ( bitRead(capsense_array[array_index], target_index) ) { // read each bit ...
+        mean += 1/ (last_bit - first_bit); // ... and add if its high
+        }
+    }
+    return mean;
+}
+
+
    +
  • Leaky integrator:
    • +
+
float leakyIntegrator (float reading, float old_value,float leak) {
+  return reading + (old_value * leak)
+}
+
+
    +
  • Windowed Extrema (getting max and min values out of a window). Dont forget to populate shakeArray
    • +
+
float windowedExtremaMax (float array[]) {
+  float result = 0;
+  For ( i=0; i < sizeof(array)/sizeof(array[0]); i++ ) {
+    result = max(result, array[i]);
+  }
+  return result;
+}
+
+float windowedExtremaMin (float array[]) {
+  float result = 0;
+  For ( i=0; i < sizeof(array)/sizeof(array[0]); i++ ) {
+    result = min(result, array[i]);
+  }
+  return result;
+}
+
+
    +
  • 1st order IIR filter for sensor data:
    • +
+
float lowPassFilter (data,olddata,k) {
+  return olddata + ((data - olddata)/k)
+}
+
+

/instrument

+

/instrument/touch/

+
/instrument/touch/all (InstrumentData.touchAll)
+
    +
  • InstrumentData.touchAll: get the "amount of touch" normalized between 0 and 1
    • +
+
InstrumentData.touchAll = bitMean(RawData.touch, 0, touchSizeAll);
+
+
/instrument/touch/top (InstrumentData.touchTop)
+
    +
  • InstrumentData.touchTop: similar to /instrument/touch/all, but applied only to the "top" region of the capsense
    • +
+
InstrumentData.touchTop = bitMean(RawData.touch, 0, touchSizeEdge);
+
+
/instrument/touch/body (InstrumentData.touchBody)
+
    +
  • InstrumentData.touchBody: similar to /instrument/touch/all, but applied only to the "body" region of the capsense
    • +
+
InstrumentData.touchBody = bitMean(RawData.touch, touchSizeEdge, touchSizeAll);
+
+
/instrument/touch/middle (InstrumentData.touchMiddle)
+
    +
  • InstrumentData.touchMiddle: similar to /instrument/touch/middle, but applied only to the "middle" region of the capsense
    • +
+
InstrumentData.touchMiddle = bitMean(RawData.touch, touchSizeEdge, (touchSizeAll - touchSizeEdge) );
+
+
/instrument/touch/bottom (InstrumentData.touchBottom)
+
    +
  • InstrumentData.touchBottom: similar to /instrument/touch/all, but applied only to the "top" region of the capsense
    • +
+
InstrumentData.touchBottom = bitMean(RawData.touch, (touchSizeAll - touchSizeEdge), touchSizeAll);
+
+

/instrument/brush

+
/instrument/brush/up /down
+
operation_up = (LastStateData.brushUp & RawData.touch)
+operation_down = (LastStateData.brushDown & RawData.touch)
+
+For ( i = 0; i < number_of_touch; i++ ) {
+    if ( bitRead(operation_up, i) ) { 
+        InstrumentData.brushUp = (number_of_touch - i) / number_of_touch;
+        mean_up += 1/ number_of_touch;
+        }
+    if ( bitRead(operation_down, i) ) {
+        InstrumentData.brushDown = (number_of_touch - i) / number_of_touch;
+        mean_down += 1/ number_of_touch;
+        }
+}
+
+
/instrument/brush/amplitude (brush)
+
InstrumentData.brushAmplitude = InstrumentData.brushDown - InstrumentData.brushUp
+
+
/instrument/brush/energy (rub)
+
if (InstrumentData.brushUp > InstrumentData.brushDown) {
+  InstrumentData.energy = InstrumentData.brushUp
+}
+else {
+  InstrumentData.energy = InstrumentData.brushDown
+}
+
+
/instrument/amplitude /roll /tilt
+

(range +/- 2 ?)

+
cartopolAmplitude = sqrt( pow((((RawData.accl[1] * 2) - 128) * -1),2) + pow((((RawData.accl[2] * 2) - 128) * -1)) )
+cartopolAngle = tan-1 ( (((RawData.accl[2] * 2) - 128) * -1) / (((RawData.accl[1] * 2) - 128) * -1) )
+InstrumentData.amplitude = sqrt( pow(cartopolAmplitude) + pow(((RawData.accl[0] * 2) - 128)) )
+InstrumentData.roll = cartopolAngle + 3.14159
+InstrumentData.tilt = tan-1 ( ((RawData.accl[0] * 2) - 128) / cartopolAmplitude)
+
+
/instrument/shake /jerk
+
// populating shakeArray each loop)
+shakeArray[shakeArrayindex] = InstrumentData.amplitude;
+if (shakeArrayindex < 5) {
+  shakeArrayindex += 1; 
+}
+else {
+  shakeArrayindex = 0;
+}
+
+shakeAccum = -(windowedExtremaMax(shakeArray[]) - windowedExtremaMin(shakeArray[]));
+shakeAccum = leakyIntegrator(shakeAccum,LastStateData.shakeAccum,leakyConstant);
+InstrumentData.shake = lowPassFilter(shakeAccum,LastStateData.shake,20);
+
+InstrumentData.jerk = shakeAccum - InstrumentData.shake;
+
+
/instrument/jab (INCOMPLETE)
+
// populating jabArray each loop)
+shakeArray[jabArrayindex] = InstrumentData.jab;
+if (jabArrayindex < 5) {
+  jabArrayindex += 1; 
+}
+else {
+  jabArrayindex = 0;
+}
+
+InstrumentData.jab = windowedExtremaMax(jabArray[]) - windowedExtremaMin(jabArray[]);
+
+
+
+RawData.accl[0]
+
+
+Andrew
+
+thrust
+shake
+spin
+frame (populated inside?)
+rest vs effort
+
+Travis
+
+Jab
+eggbeater
+eggwhip
+tilt
+hold
+squeez
+
+#### Update Last State Values
+LastStateData.brushUp = (RawData.touch << 1) & (~ RawData.touch) LastStateData.brushDown = (RawData.touch >> 1) & (~ RawData.touch)
+
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+
+ + + +
+ +
+ + + +
+
+
+
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/engineering/requirements/index.html b/engineering/requirements/index.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a39f48d --- /dev/null +++ b/engineering/requirements/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,2699 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + T-Stick 5GW Design Requirements - T-Stick Docs + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ +
+ + + + +
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+ +
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+ + + + + + + +
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+ + + +
+
+
+ + + +
+
+
+ + + +
+
+ + + + + + + +

Technical Requirements and Constraints

+

This page outline the technical requirements of the T-Stick as well as constraints inherited from previous designs. The goal is that with these technical requirements and constraints someone will be able to build a T-Stick that is functionally similar to the designs that have previously been built.

+

Verification Method table

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
Verification Method (IADT)
InspectionVisual inspection of the device
AnalysisSimulation, mathematical models and data analysis
DemonstrationDemonstrate the functionality for the user
TestMore rigorous form of demonstration to show performance
+

Technical Requirements

+

The technical requirements are split into 5 sections representing each of the major subsystems of the T-Stick and a section for manufacturing and reliability requirements.

+

1. Control and Communication System

+

Control and Communication System of the T-Stick is the set of hardware and software components that handle the controlling and regulating the instrument which includes: configuring the instrument, communicating with the instrument, communication between subsystems, and managing the main control loop.

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
IDRequirementsVerification Method (IADT)
1Control System
1.1The control rate of the system should be at least 1000HZ and will be no slower than 200Hz.Test
1.2Continuous signals will have a wireless signal rate of at least 100Hz.Test/Analysis
1.3Wireless Signal Latency will be below 10ms.Test/Analysis
1.4Wireless Signal Jitter will be below 2ms.Test/Analysis
1.5The communication system will send any errors experienced by other subsystems to the user.Demonstration
1.5.1The communication system will send errors experienced by the sensor system to the user.Demonstration
1.5.2The communication system will send errors experienced by the power system to the user, excluding errors that cause a complete power delivery failure.Demonstration
1.5.3The communication system will send errors experienced by the control and communication system to the user.Demonstration
+

1.1: The control rate of the system should be at least 1000HZ and will be no slower than 200Hz.

+

1000Hz allows responsive control of the T-Stick.

+

1.2: Continuous signals will have a wireless signal rate of at least 100Hz.

+

Wireless signal rates below 100Hz are not desired. Slow wireless rates have lead to poor and inconsistent performance when paired with libmapper.

+

1.3: Wireless Signal Latency will be below 10ms.

+

Wireless latency for signals need to be below 10ms for continuous signals to have a signal rate of 100Hz.

+

1.4: Wireless Signal Jitter will be below 2ms.

+

Jitter should be reasonably low for a reliable and robust wireless performance.

+

1.5: The communication system will send any errors experienced by other subsystems to the user

+

The communication system should handle sending any errors to the user wirelessly or wired. This helps the user understand what is going on with their T-Stick when things go wrong.

+

2. Power System Requirements

+

The Power System of the T-Stick handles delivering power to all components of the T-Stick and measuring the remaining power when the T-Stick is on battery power. Hardware components such as regulators, and fuel gauges, as well as software components such as battery life estimation algorithms.

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
IDRequirementsVerification Method (IADT)
2Power System
2.1The device will be able to be powered both wirelessly and wired.Demonstration
2.2The power system will be able to provide continuous power to the T-Stick for at least 2 hours on a single charge.Test
2.3The power system will be able to measure the battery voltage with an average error of less than 1%.Test
2.4The power system will be able to measure the state of charge of the battery with an average error of less than 10%.Analysis
2.5The power system will be able to estimate the battery life with an average error of less than 10%.Test
+

2.1: The device will be able to be powered both wirelessly and wired.

+

The current generation of T-Sticks are both battery and USB powered, we are keeping this feature.

+

2.2: The power system will be able to provide continuous power to the T-Stick for at least 2 hours on a single charge.

+

Two hours is considered a reasonable amount of time to play and perform with the T-Stick before needing a charge. The number can be increased based on conversations with artist to determine what battery life we should be aiming for.

+

2.3: The power system will be able to measure the battery voltage with an average error of less than 1%.

+

Accurate battery voltage measurements allow the T-Stick to better estimate when the battery health is starting to decline. This is useful as it can give artist advanced warning of when their batteries need to be replaced.

+

2.4: The power system will be able to estimate the battery capacity of the battery with an average error of less than 10%.

+

Accurate battery capacity measurements allow the T-Stick to better estimate when the battery health is starting to decline. This is useful as it can give artist advanced warning of when their batteries need to be replaced.

+

2.5: The power system will be able to estimate the battery life with an average error of less than 10%.

+

Accurate battery life estimation is useful to artist as it gives feedback on when they should charge their T-Sticks

+

3. Sensor System Requirements

+

The Sensor System of the T-Stick manages the initialization, communication, and analysis of sensors in the T-Stick. This includes all the sensors excluding sensors related to power management and the software components that communicate with the sensors and process their data.

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
IDRequirementsVerification Method (IADT)
3Sensor System
3.1The sensor system should have a polling rate of at least 1000Hz for continuous signals.Test
3.2The sensor system will have an average error of less than 1%.Analysis/Test
3.3The sensor system will be able to detect when sensors are not communicating.Demonstration
3.4The sensor system will be able to identify sensors that are not communicating.Demonstration
3.5The sensor system will continue operating regardless of the states of the sensorsTest
3.6The sensor system will have a calibration mode which enables artist to manually calibrate the sensors.Demonstration/Test
3.7The sensor system will be able to measure or approximate the following properties listed in Section 3 of the T-Stick Design Guidelines.Demonstration
+

3.1: The sensor system will have a polling rate of at least 1000Hz.

+

The sensor system needs have a high polling rate of the sensors to allow for fast controls on the T-Stick. See the control and communication system requirement.

+

3.2: The sensor system will have an average error of less than 1%.

+

Highly accurate sensor measurements increase confidence for the artist that the T-Stick will do what they tell it to do.

+

3.3: The sensor system will be able to detect when sensors are not communicating.

+

Detecting sensor system errors is useful for troubleshooting problems with the T-Stick

+

3.4: The sensor system will be able to identify sensors that are not communicating.

+

Identifying which sensors are not communicating is useful as it allows the TY-Stick to disable them, and skip trying to poll them.

+

3.5: The sensor system will continue operating regardless of the states of the sensors

+

The entire T-Stick should keep working even if some sensors are not communicating. Furthermore, it makes it more obvious for artist as to which sensor is not working.

+

3.6 The sensor system will have a calibration mode which enables artist to manually calibrate the sensors.

+

Calibration is important, as it improves sensor accuracy and precision, artist should have the option to use a calibration mode to improve the performance of the T-Stick.

+

4. Reliability and Maintainability

+

As the name suggests this section contains all requirements relating to reliability and availability. This includes a PIR and PMR target for the T-Stick. The robustness requirements are to ensure the T-Stick can handle elevated levels of shaking and jabbing for short periods of time without permanent failures.

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
IDRequirementsVerification Method (IADT)
4Reliability and Availability
4.1The T-Stick will have a Practice/Performance Interruption Rate (PIR) of 1%.Analysis
4.2The T-Stick will have a Playing/Maintenance Ratio (PMR) of at least 1.Analysis
4.3The T-Stick will be robust to jabs.Test
4.4The T-Stick will be robust to shakes.Test
+

4.1: The T-Stick will have a Practice Interruption Rate (PIR) of 1%

+

Low PIR means that artist can be more confident with using the instrument without having to constantly require maintenance from a technician/luthier.

+

4.2: The T-Stick will have a Performance/Maintenance Ratio (PMR) of at least 1.

+

A high PMR ratio means that we get a large amount of performance hours per hour of maintenance.

+

4.3: The T-Stick will be robust to jabs.

+

Jabs are an important gesture for the T-Stick. Performers should be able to do them freely without worrying about failures.

+

4.4: The T-Stick will be robust to shakes.

+

Shakes are an important gesture for the T-Stick. Performers should be able to do them freely without worrying about failures.

+

5. Manufacturing Requirements

+

The manufacturability Requirements are all the requirements related to the manufacturing of T-Sticks including constraints on the Bill of Materials (BOM), required documentation, and time to assemble the T-Stick.

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
IDRequirementsVerification Method (IADT)
5Manufacturability
5.1The T-Stick will follow the design guidelines and requirements outlined in sections 1 and 2 of the T-Stick Design Guidelines.Demonstration
5.2The physical design documentation will include a bill of materials.Demonstration
5.2.1The bill of materials will have fewer than 64 individual parts, including fly wires, screws, nuts, and heat shrink.Demonstration
5.2.2The bill of materials will have fewer than 40 distinct types of parts.Demonstration
5.3The physical design documentation will include a schematic.Demonstration
5.4The physical design documentation will include assembly instructions.Demonstration
5.5The mean time to assemble one T-Stick, not counting the time to gather parts and materials, will be less than 5 hours.Test
5.6The final assembly and repair of the T-Stick will be possible using only a soldering iron, wire stripper/cutter, heat gun, saw, and hex key.Demonstration
5.7The T-Stick will use common readily available parts and materials.Demonstration
+

5.1: The T-Stick will follow the design guidelines and requirements outlined in Sections 1 and 2 of the T-Stick Design Guidelines.

+

Sections 1 and 2 of the T-Stick design guidelines outline the physical constraints that make up the T-Stick. If new designers which to make T-Sticks these should be followed to maximise playability of older pieces. Note that due to the rapid changes in the hardware space and firmware changes to the T-Stick it may not be possible to design a T-Stick that is identical to a previous design.

+

5.2: The physical design documentation will include a bill of materials.

+

As an open source project that we want others to replicate, a bill of materials is important. We include this as a requirement to ensure it is done as part of the design cycle and not as an afterthought.

+

5.3: The physical design documentation will include a schematic.

+

A schematic is useful for builders as it shows them how all the electronics are connected.

+

5.4: The physical design documentation will include assembly instructions.

+

As an open source project that we want others to replicate, a bill of materials is important. We include this as a requirement to ensure it is done as part of the design cycle and not as an afterthought.

+

5.5: The mean time to assemble one T-Stick, not counting the time to gather parts and materials, will be less than 5 hours.

+

The T-Stick should not take more than a day to build for new builders.

+

5.6: The final assembly and repair of the T-Stick will be possible using only a soldering iron, wire stripper/cutter, heat gun, saw, and hex key.

+

The T-Stick should be able to be built using common tools to help facilitate low-cost manufacturing.

+

5.7: The T-Stick will use common readily available parts and materials.

+

The T-Stick should be able to be built using common components to help facilitate low-cost manufacturing.

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Getting Started with your T-Stick

+

T-Stick Variants

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
GenerationModelVariationsPlatform
1GAlto, TenorNoneAtmega8
2GSopranino, Soprano, Tenor2G, 2GX, 2GG, 2G-IMU, 2GWArduino, ESP8266
3GSopranoNoneArduino
4GSopranino, Soprano4GW-2018, 4GW-2021ESP32
5GSopranino, Soprano5GW-Trill, 5GW-EnchantiESP32-S3
+

Building, Flashing and Connecting to your T-Stick

+

Guides for building, flashing and connectiong to various T-Sticks.

+

4th Generation T-Sticks

+

The 4th Generation of T-Sticks is the first generation of Wi-Fi based T-Sticks. The serial protocol and signal namespace used in the 1st and 2nd generation T-Sticks is not carried over to the 4th generation of T-Sticks. These T-Sticks used the ESP32 SoC from Espressif, a successor to the ESP8266. There are two variants of 4G T-Sticks. The T-Stick 4GW-2018 and the T-Stick 4GW-2021.

+

Click here for more details on 4th generation T-Sticks

+

5th Generation T-Sticks

+

The 5th Generation T-Sticks consists of a custom ESP32 board which integrates a ESP32-S3 WROOM 2 Module with a ICM20948 IMU and MAX17262 on a single board, and a touch board that has a pinout for the Trill Craft board as well as, two JST-SH 4 pin connectors to daisy chain multiple touch boards together.

+

Click here for more details on 5th generation T-Sticks

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About us

+

T-Stick Sopranino

+

The T-Stick is a DMI conceived by Joseph Malloch and D. Andrew Stewart at the Input Devices and Music Interaction Laboratory (IDMIL) at McGill University. It has been in development since 2006, has a relatively long history for a DMI, has multiple versions, several expert performers, and has an associated repertoire. More than 20 copies have been built unintended for commercial use. Nevertheless, it has been adopted by expert performers and composers as part of their musical practice including D. Andrew Stewart (Soprano user) and Fernando Rocha (Tenor user). It has appeared in dozens of public appearances in countries such as Canada, USA, Brazil, Italy, Norway, and Portugal.

+
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Read More

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The T-Stick is a DMI conceived by Joseph Malloch and D. Andrew Stewart at the Input Devices and Music Interaction Laboratory (IDMIL) at McGill University. It has been in development since 2006, has a relatively long history for a DMI, has multiple versions, several expert performers, and has an associated repertoire. More than 20 copies have been built unintended for commercial use. Nevertheless, it has been adopted by expert performers and composers as part of their musical practice including D. Andrew Stewart (Soprano user) and Fernando Rocha (Tenor user). It has appeared in dozens of public appearances in countries such as Canada, USA, Brazil, Italy, Norway, and Portugal.

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  • Source Code
  • Project Website
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"},{"location":"community/contribution/#new-pagesection-guidelines","title":"New Page/Section Guidelines","text":"
  1. Include description of page/section in the pull request.
  2. Only ONE new page/section per pull request.
  3. Check the structure of other similar pages for inspiration.
  4. Avoid table of content trees with a depth of greater than three. (ie: main page -> subpage -> subpage, depth = 3)
"},{"location":"community/contribution/#majorminor-edits-guidelines","title":"Major/Minor Edits Guidelines","text":"
  1. Describe reason for the edit in the pull request.
  2. Only have ONE major edit per pull requests. You may include multiple minor edits in a single request.
"},{"location":"community/performances/","title":"Performances","text":""},{"location":"community/performances/#videos","title":"Videos","text":""},{"location":"community/performances/#the-one-fernando-rocha","title":"The One (Fernando Rocha)","text":"

Brazilian percussionist Fernando Rocha performing D. Andrew Stewart's piece \"The One\" on Tenor T-Stick at McGill University. The T-Stick is a digital musical instrument designed and constructed by Joseph Malloch at the IDMIL.

"},{"location":"community/performances/#everybody-to-the-power-of-one-andrew-stewart","title":"Everybody to the Power of One (Andrew Stewart)","text":"

This is a video of composer/performer D. Andrew Stewart playing his composition \"Everybody to the power of one\" on a soprano T-Stick, which he calls the \"sonar jo,\" at the SAT in Montr\u00e9al. The T-Stick is a digital musical instrument I designed and built in the Input Devices and Music Interaction Lab at McGill University. Andrew was a collaborator on the T-Stick project, along with percussionist Fernando Rocha, pianist Xenia Pestova and cellist Erika Donald.

"},{"location":"community/performances/#with-winds-for-soprano-t-stick-new-calgary","title":"WITH WINDS for Soprano T-Stick (New Calgary)","text":"

A performance in the wonderful acoustic of Eckhardt-Gramatt\u00e9 Hall (Rozsa Centre, The University of Calgary) as part of \u201cFrom Up There and Down\u201d (New Works Calgary concert season, 2012-13). WITH WINDS is the first of a series of pieces showcasing new performance modes developed during the 2010 T-Stick Composition Workshops. The workshop participants and I created new implementations of pre-existing techniques (i.e., new uses of thrusting, finger-framing, lasso) and developed new modes such as: stirring, brushing and a fulcrum-inspired type of pivoting. With regards to sound, I developed a \u2018vocabulary\u2019 that integrates well with wood wind instruments, capturing not only sustained wind instrument sounds but also a wealth of extended technique sounds. My solution was to implement several physical models that emulate or evoke extended techniques on wind instruments. Moreover, I wanted to suggest the \u2018closeness\u2019 \u2013 even intimacy \u2013 an acoustic instrumentalist has with his or her instrument and sound by creating t-stick playing techniques that at first, require slow-moving gestures of the stick around the body of the performer, followed by the addition of vigorous movements, which are gradually added as the music develops. The nearness of acoustic instrument practise is gradually extended and expanded and as a result, the space in which the t-stick digital instrument is played, is enveloped into the instrument itself.

"},{"location":"community/performances/#partial-list-of-public-appearances","title":"Partial list of Public Appearances","text":"Date Type Event Location 2006/04 concert seminar concert Montreal, Canada 2006/11 recital Fernando Rocha DMus lecture recital Montreal, Canada 2007/06 presentation New Interfaces for Musical Expression Conference New York, USA 2007/09 demonstrations Wired Nextfest Low Angeles, USA 2008/02 demonstrations Innovaction Udine, Italy 2008/03 concert MusiMars Festival Montreal, Canada 2008/04 concert Music+Technology Incubator Montreal, Canada 2008/07 concert, workshop Sound Symposium St. John\u2019s, Canada 2008/09 concert Le Vivier relaunch Montreal, Canada 2008/10 concerts Duo pour un violoncelle et un danseur Montreal, Canada 2009/02 competition Guthman competition Atlanta, USA 2009/07 workshop SMC Summer School, used T-Stick to control robotic Gamelan Porto, Portugal 2009/08 concert International Computer Music Conference Montreal, Canada 2009/10 workshop Society for Music Theory, workshop on listening through time Montreal, Canada 2009/12 concert live@CIRMMT Montreal, Canada 2010/04 concert ACM CHI Conference Atlanta, USA 2010/04 concert Viagem, 5 T-Sticks played by blind performers Porto, Portugal 2010/07 workshops launch of 2010 T-Stick Composition Workshops Montreal, Canada 2010/08 talk, performance Expansive Spirits, Toronto Electroacoustic Symposium Toronto, Canada 2010/12 talk Electronic Music Foundation New York, USA 2011/02 concert Ghost in the Machine Conference Montreal, Canada 2011/03 concert Concerto for T-Stick and two laptop orchestras, Concordia Laptop Orchestra and Cybernetic Orchestra Montreal, Canada 2011/04 concert Open Ears Festival Kitchener, Canada 2011/05 concert Issue Project Room New York, USA 2011/05 concert New Interfaces for Musical Expression Conference Oslo, Norway 2011/06 concerts Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte, Brazil 2011/06 concert Sforzando Late Night Concert, Electroacoustic Music Studies Network New York, USA 2011/11 concert Sea of Sound Festival Edmonton, Canada 2012/03 concert Experimental Music from Brazil and Beyond Lethbridge, Canada 2012/06 concert Concierto, Andrew Stewart y Ensemble 3 Mexico 2012/09 concert Moving Sound, Electroacoustic works by D. Andrew Stewart and Rolf Boon Lethbridge, Canada 2012/11 concert 24 Frames, Improvisation with Tim Brady Lethbridge, Canada 2013/03 concert From Up There and Down, New Works Calgary Calgary, Canada 2013/05 concert New Interfaces for Musical Expression Conference Daejeon, South Korea 2013/09 concert Percussive Arts Society International Convention Indianapolis, USA"},{"location":"community/publications/","title":"Publications","text":"
  • Malloch, J., Wanderley, M. M. (2007). The T-Stick : From Musical Interface to Musical Instrument. In Proceedings of the 2007 International Conference on New Interfaces for Musical Expression (NIME 2007) (pp. 66--69). New York City, NY, USA.
  • Nieva, A., Wang, J., Malloch, J., Wanderley, M. M. (2018). The T-Stick: Maintaining a 12 year-old digital musical instrument. In Proceedings of the 2018 International Conference on New Interfaces for Musical Expression (NIME 2018) (pp. 198\u2013199). Blacksburg, VA, USA.
  • Meneses, E. A. L., Fukuda, T., Wanderley, M. M. (2020). Expanding and Embedding a High-level Gesture Vocabulary for the Digital and Augmented Musical Instruments. In Proc. of the International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction (HCII). Copenhagen, Denmark.
  • Calegario, F., Wanderley, M., Tragtenberg, J., Wang, J., Sullivan, J., Meneses, E., Franco, I., Kirkegaard, M., Bredholt, M., Rohs, J. (2020). Probatio 1.0: collaborative development of a toolkit for functional DMI prototypes. In Proceedings of the 2020 International Conference on New Interfaces for Musical Expression (NIME 2020) (pp. 6). Birmingham, UK.
  • West, T. (2020). Making Mappings: Examining the Design Process with Libmapper and the T-Stick. In M.A. Thesis, McGill University (pp. 78). Montreal, Canada.
  • Fukuda, T., Meneses, E., West, T. J., Wanderley, M. M. (2021). The T-Stick Music Creation Project: An approach to building a creative community around a DMI. In Proceedings of the 2021 International Conference on New Interfaces for Musical Expression (NIME 2021). Shanghai, China.
  • Meneses, E. A. L. (2022). Iterative Design in DMIs and AMIs: Expanding and embedding a high-level gesture vocabulary for the T-Stick and GuitarAMI. In Ph.D. Thesis, McGill University. McGill University.Montreal, Qc, Canada.
  • Fukuda, T., Wanderley, M. M. (2023). T-Patch: a software application for T-Stick Digital Musical Instruments Mexico City, MX. In Proceedings of the 2023 International Conference on New Interfaces for Musical Expression (NIME2023). Mexico City, MX.
  • Niyonsenga, A., Wanderley, M. M. (2023). Tools and Techniques for the Maintenance and Support of Digital Musical Instruments. In Proceedings of the 2023 International Conference on New Interfaces for Musical Expression (NIME2023). Mexico City, MX.
"},{"location":"designs/tstick-4gw/","title":"General Information","text":""},{"location":"designs/tstick-4gw/#introduction","title":"Introduction","text":"

The T-Stick 4GW was designed by Eduardo Meneses and Alex Nieva with the first revision being completed in 2018. This generation of T-Sticks is a Wi-Fi based system using Open Sound Control and later Libmapper for sending signals. It uses the ESP32 microcontroller for controlling the T-Stick. Multiple development boards such as the Lolin D32 and TinyPico have been used with this design. Although the design is modular and can in theory support T-Sticks up to the length of a Tenor T-Stick. Limitations due to how the T-Stick is constructed and firmware makes this design appropriate only for Sopranino and Soprano T-Sticks.

"},{"location":"designs/tstick-4gw/#4th-generation-t-sticks","title":"4th Generation T-Sticks","text":"

Click each box to get more information on each variant of the T-Stick 4GW

  • T-Stick 4GW 2018

    An ESP32 based T-Stick using the LolinD32 Development board and a custom touch board.

    More Details

  • T-Stick 4GW 2023

    An ESP32 based T-Stick using the TinyPico Development board and Bela Trill Touch Board.

    More Details

"},{"location":"designs/tstick-4gw/build-guide-2018/","title":"Building a Sopranino T-Stick (v1.1)","text":""},{"location":"designs/tstick-4gw/build-guide-2018/#bill-of-materials","title":"Bill of Materials:","text":"Qty Type Description 01 sensor Capsense breakout board (CY8CMBR3116) 01 sensor IMU breakout board LSM9DS 01 sensor FSR 408 01 sensor buzz elem. piezo STD 01 electronics microcontroller Lolin D32 Pro 01 electronics 0.1uF capacitor 01 electronics 1K resistor 01 electronics 10K resistor 01 electronics 2M resistor 01 electronics Diode 1N4004 01 electronics 10K potentiometer 01 electronics LM358P Opamp 01 electronics button 02 electronics SH1.0 cables 02 electronics Breadboards 30cm manufacturing parts PVC Tube split in 2 lenghtwise ~85cm manufacturing parts Copper adhesive tape 01 manufacturing parts Li-Po Battery (min 1000mA) 01 manufacturing parts ON-OFF rocker switch ~35cm manufacturing parts Heat shrink tube 01 manufacturing parts end-cup with microcontroller base 01 manufacturing parts end-cup with for the ON-OFF switch and hold battery 02 manufacturing parts 3D printed bases for Capsense 02 manufacturing parts 3D printed bases for IMU 11 manufacturing parts M2 Mounting Screws 11 manufacturing parts M2 bolts 01 manufacturing parts foam sheet"},{"location":"designs/tstick-4gw/build-guide-2018/#schematic","title":"Schematic:","text":"

This schematic is outdated. Use for FSR and Piezo Electronics reference only.

"},{"location":"designs/tstick-4gw/build-guide-2018/#instructions","title":"Instructions:","text":""},{"location":"designs/tstick-4gw/build-guide-2018/#building-the-frame","title":"Building the Frame:","text":"

Cut the PVC in half as in the picture and tape the conductive tape 1.5cm apart.\u00a0 Length of holes assembly is 1.5 * 15 for 16 strips. That is 22.5cm. You need aprox. 8 cm of copper tape per strip.

Tip

Before start assembling the T-Stick, pay attention to the position of the components. Plan yourself to place the components for them to not \"overlap\" each other (check image below). Also, make sure the cables are long enough to allow the tube and caps to be opened and closed properly.

The Capsense (https://www.cypress.com/le/127221/download) breakout boards use 2 3D printed bases. It connects via a jumper cable with SH1. connectors to the D32 Pro (https://wiki.wemos.cc/products:d32:d32_pro).

Warning

THE CAPSENSE BOARD HAS THE CONNECTORS LABELED FOR THE MICROCONTROLLER (IN) AND IMU (OUT). BE CAREFUL WHEN CONNECTING THEM BECAUSE OF A LAST MINUTE CHANGE IN THE PINOUT OF THE BOARD. SEE SCHEMATIC BELOW.

The Capsense label for ground and +3V3 is inverted at the end that goes to the IMU. You should connect:

Capsense -> IMU GND ------> +3V3 SDA ------> SDA SCL ------> SCL +3V3------> GND

Please take extra care since it is necessary to cut the cable and solder the right ends at the IMU.

Also, if you need to extend the length of the SH1.0 cable, always cut the wire in half and extend using both parts according to the color. Using two different wires can lead to mistakes since the SH1.0 cable is parallel. Failing to follow this step can end up burning your ESP32.

All the building tools can be found in the Machine Shop at the McGill Music Tech Department.

"},{"location":"designs/tstick-4gw/build-guide-2018/#imu","title":"IMU:","text":"

The LSM9DS1 IMU connects via another SH1.0 cable to the other socket on the Capsense for I2C communication. One end has the SH housing the other is open to solder onto the IMU breakout board. There are also 2 3D printed bases to attach the IMU to the frame.

The T-Stick Spatial orientation is dened as follows:

Please, install\u00a0the IMU so that this conguration is kept consistent will the design.

"},{"location":"designs/tstick-4gw/build-guide-2018/#fsr-and-piezo-electronics","title":"FSR and Piezo Electronics:","text":"

The Force Sensitive Resistor and the Piezoelectric sensor are glued to the frame with epoxy, superglue, or hot glue.

The signal processing circuit is all analog and needs to be soldered to a perfboard. The piezoelectric circuit output is to be soldered to pin 32 of the ESP32 and the FSR circuit output to pin 33. Electronic building tools can be found in the Electronics Shop at the McGill Music Tech Department. Solder long cables to the FSR pins.

Tip

The FSR pins are very delicate. Put some heat shrink tube to reinforce the end of the fsr so it doesn\u2019t break. If it breaks, it\u2019s not repairable.

Here\u2019s the pinout for the LM358 opamp you will be using in the above circuit:

                      +--()--+\n             Output A | 1   8| V+\n    Inverting Input A | 2   7| Output B\nNon-Inverting Input A | 3   6| Inverting Input B\n                  GND | 4   5| Non-Inverting Input B\n                      +------+\n

OBS: Don't forget to connect GND and V+.

"},{"location":"designs/tstick-4gw/build-guide-2018/#envelope-follower-circuit","title":"Envelope Follower Circuit","text":""},{"location":"designs/tstick-4gw/build-guide-2018/#voltage-divider-circuit","title":"Voltage Divider Circuit","text":""},{"location":"designs/tstick-4gw/build-guide-2018/#microcontroller","title":"Microcontroller:","text":"

The microcontroller to be used with the T-Stick is the Lolin D32 PRO. You can check the tech specs at\u00a0https://wiki.wemos.cc/products:d32:d32_pro.

"},{"location":"designs/tstick-4gw/build-guide-2018/#firmware","title":"Firmware:","text":"

Instructions to upload (flash) the T-Stick firmware and configuration files can be found here.

Read and follow ALL the instructions at before upload it to the board. There are some steps to prepare your machine and the ESP32 before flash it for the first time.

It is recommended to use the board test firmwares located at https://github.com/IDMIL/TStick/tree/master/Sopranino/2GW/19X/Tests to test the capsense board and the IMU after install them.

Nightly builds and beta firmwares can be downloaded at https://github.com/IDMIL/TStick. Before using them, contact the IDMIL's lab team.

"},{"location":"designs/tstick-4gw/build-guide-2018/#more-info","title":"More info:","text":"

Version 1.1: Edu Meneses - eduardo.meneses@mail.mcgill.ca\\ Version 1.0: Created by: Alex Nieva - alex.nieva@mail.mcgill.ca

Input Devices and Music Interaction Laboratory http://www.idmil.org\\ Schulich School of Music\\ McGill University\\ 550 Rue Sherbrooke Ouest, Suite 500\\ Montreal, QC, H3A 1E\\ Canada

"},{"location":"designs/tstick-4gw/build-guide-2021/","title":"Building a Sopranino T-Stick 4GW","text":""},{"location":"designs/tstick-4gw/build-guide-2021/#bill-of-materials","title":"Bill of Materials","text":"Qty Description 01 Trill 01 TinyPICO 01 IMU breakout board LSM9DS 01 FSR 408 01 1K resistor 01 10K potentiometer 01 button 01 Li-Po Battery min 1000mA 01 PVC Tube (30 cm) \\~85cm Copper adhesive tape 01 ON-OFF rocker switch \\~35cm Heat shrink tube 01 end-cup with microcontroller base 01 end-cup with for the ON-OFF switch 01 3D printed bases, one of each file, and 4 regular poles 11 M2 Mounting Screws 01 foam sheet"},{"location":"designs/tstick-4gw/build-guide-2021/#instructions","title":"Instructions","text":""},{"location":"designs/tstick-4gw/build-guide-2021/#printing-the-frame","title":"Printing the Frame","text":"

Print one of each of the 3d printing files, but print 4 copies of the \"regular poles\". The beds (pieces that snap together) will need supports on the piece that snaps.

Snap the beds together as in the image above, snapping the regular poles between beds to secure them. Place copper strips on each arc in the beds, these will be used for capacitive touch sensing.

"},{"location":"designs/tstick-4gw/build-guide-2021/#soldering-components","title":"Soldering Components","text":"

All the building tools can be found in the Machine Shop at the McGill Music Tech Department.

Let's start with the end cap where the TinyPICO will be inserted. Insert the button into the slot like the pictures below.

button top view button bottom view soldering

Solder 2 wires diagonally to the button pins, connecting one to GND and one to pin 15 on the TinyPICO. For the GND connection, twist an extra wire together before soldering to the TinyPICO, which will be used for connecting the IMU later on.

connecting to TinyPICO completed button circuit

To prepare the resistor for its FSR connection, solder 2 wires to one end and 1 to the other like below. Use heat shrink to wrap the connection. Solder the single end wire to a GND pin on the button. Solder one of the double end wires to pin 33 on the TinyPICO.

soldering heat shrinking connecting to TinyPICO

Prepare the FSR connections by carefully soldering 2 wires to its terminals, using the extra wire form the resistor as one of the terminals. Be cautious not to melt the plastic on the FSR if possible by soldering quickly. Heat shrink the terminals when complete.

soldering heat shrinking

Solder the other FSR wire and another wire (which will connect to the IMU) to the 3V3 pin on the TinyPICO (yellow and orange in the picture below). Twisting the 2 wires together before inserting into the pin will make this task easier.

twisting and soldering view of 3V3 pin

Solder 2 wires to each of the IMU's GND, VCC, SDA and SCL pins. One of the VCC wires and one of the GND wires should be the extra 3V3 and GND wires from the TinyPICO that you put in in the above steps. Connect one of the SDA wires to pin 21 of the TinyPICO, and one of the SCL wires to pin 22 of the TinyPICO.

twisting and soldering connecting to TinyPICO imu wiring

At this stage, the IMU should have unconnected wires (1 of each) from SDA, SCL, GND and VCC. Run the 4 unconnected wires through the pole and solder to the corresponding labeled pins on the Trill.

trill connections alternate view

Now for the fun part ;). Solder wires onto each of the 15 copper strips, running them through the poles to the Trill board when necessary. When cutting wires for this part, allow enough length to get to the Trill, but not too long to clutter the internals. Solder the other ends of the wires in order from pico towards the end cap to pins 0-15 on the Trill board.

copper soldering alternate view

Connect long wires from the 5V and GND pins of the TinyPICO (for the battery), and run them through the poles to the other end. Mount the IMU and Trill boards to their beds, and insert the TinyPICO into its slot in the end cap with the button. Slide the entire frame with the button cap into the PVC, making sure the long power wires can be accessed from the open end. Attach the FSR to the outside of the PVC, cutting the end if it's too long. Use the end cap's slot for the FSR wires to come out of the frame.

IMU Mounting Note: Please install\u00a0the IMU so that this configuration is kept consistent will the design.

Insert the power switch into the other end cap. Solder the power wire of the battery to the power switch as in the picture below, twisting together the long power wire from the TinyPICO sticking out the end. Solder the long GND wire to the battery's GND.

Important Note: 2nd picture below should have ran the wires through the poles and inserted into the frame before soldering to the TinyPICO, be sure to do this before soldering the battery to the TinyPICO.

power soldering power circuit view

Hooray, you built a T-Stick!

"},{"location":"designs/tstick-4gw/build-guide-2021/#document-info","title":"Document info","text":"
  • Version 1.2: Brady Boettcher
  • Version 1.1: Edu Meneses - eduardo.meneses@mail.mcgill.ca
  • Version 1.0: Alex Nieva - alex.nieva@mail.mcgill.ca
"},{"location":"designs/tstick-4gw/connection-guide/","title":"Connecting to a T-Stick 4GW/5GW","text":""},{"location":"designs/tstick-4gw/connection-guide/#option-1-wireless-connection","title":"Option 1: Wireless Connection","text":""},{"location":"designs/tstick-4gw/connection-guide/#get-your-network-details","title":"Get your network details","text":"
  1. Connect to the network you will be connecting the T-Stick to.
  2. Note the SSID (network name) and SSID Password (network password).
  3. Get your computers IP address while connected to this network. Below are linked some support articles for Windows, MacOS and Linux on how to find your computers IP address.
  4. Find your IP Address Windows
  5. Find your IP Address MacOS
  6. Find your IP Address Linux
"},{"location":"designs/tstick-4gw/connection-guide/#connect-to-the-t-stick","title":"Connect to the T-Stick","text":"
  1. Power on your T-Stick and wait until the boot sequence is complete. If your T-Stick does not have a Power switch press the button once and wait for the T-Stick to turn on.
  2. Connect to the T-Stick_XXX wifi network where XXX is the ID of the T-Stick. ie: TStick_001. By default the password is mappings.
  3. Open your browser and go to http://TStick_XXX.local/ or http://192.168.4.1, where XXX is the ID of the T-Stick module.
  4. In the Network section write the network name and password optained in Step 2 in the SSID and SSID Password fields.
  5. In the OSC send settings put in your computer's IP address optained in Step 3 in the Primary IP field.
  6. Click the green Save button. You will be directed to a page saying that the information was saved successfully.
  7. Click Config on the top of the page to return to the orginal menu.
  8. Click the green Close and Reboot button at the bottom of the page.
"},{"location":"designs/tstick-4gw/flashing-guide/","title":"Flashing Firmware for T-Stick 4GW","text":""},{"location":"designs/tstick-4gw/flashing-guide/#option-1-using-bin-files-and-esptoolpy","title":"Option 1: using .bin files and esptool.py","text":"

This method is easier/faster. It uses esptool.py.

"},{"location":"designs/tstick-4gw/flashing-guide/#download-the-bin-files","title":"Download the bin files","text":"
  • Download the .bin files located at the bin folder
"},{"location":"designs/tstick-4gw/flashing-guide/#download-esptoolpy","title":"Download esptool.py","text":"
  • Download the esptool.py from https://github.com/espressif/esptool. Use the Download ZIP option from Github
  • Unzip the esptool-master.zip file
"},{"location":"designs/tstick-4gw/flashing-guide/#connect-the-t-stick-to-the-computer-and-check-the-usb-port","title":"Connect the T-Stick to the computer and check the USB port","text":"
  • Check the T-Stick (ESP32) port in your computer:
  • For MacOS/Linux:
    • install the latest drivers from from the SiLabs website.
    • Open a Terminal window
    • Execute the command ls /dev/cu.*. The command will return a list of ports in your computer.
    • Plug the T-Stick (USB) and run the command ls /dev/cu.* one more time. You can now compare the lists and anotate the T-Stick USB port. Should be something similar to /dev/cu.wchusbserial1410, probably with a different number
    • Linux users should also give the currently logged user read and write access the serial port over USB. Check here for more information
  • For Windows:
    • Check the list of identified COM ports in the Windows Device Manager
    • Plug the T-Stick (USB) and check the list of identified COM ports in the Windows Device Manager again. The T-Stick port should appear on the list. Anotate the T-Stick USB port, it should be something similar to COM3 or COM16
"},{"location":"designs/tstick-4gw/flashing-guide/#flash-the-firmware-bin-files","title":"Flash the firmware (.bin files)","text":"
  • Use Finder, Terminal, or File Explorer to copy the contents of the bin folder (you should copy 3 .bin files) to the esptool-master folder
  • Navigate to the esptool-master folder in Terminal or Command Prompt
  • Run the command (don't forget to replace the --port (/dev/cu.wchusbserial1410) option for your T-Stick port): esptool.py --chip esp32 --port /dev/cu.wchusbserial1410 --baud 115200 --before default_reset --after hard_reset write_flash -z --flash_mode dio --flash_freq 80m --flash_size detect 0xe000 boot_app0.bin 0x1000 bootloader_dio_80m.bin 0x10000 esp32_arduino_FW211124.bin 0x8000 esp32_arduino_FW211124.ino.partitions.bin 2686976 esp32_arduino_FW211124.spiffs.bin. Wait for the process to be complete. Do not unplug or turn off your T-Stick during the process.

To set the T-Stick info and test if the data is being send correctly:

  • Connect the T-Stick to a network (instructions here);
  • Open the Pure Data (PD) or Max/MSP patch to receive T-Stick messages (they can be found here);
  • Start receive OSC messages according to the chosen patch.
"},{"location":"designs/tstick-4gw/flashing-guide/#option-2-using-platformio","title":"Option 2: Using PlatformIO","text":"

INSTALL ALL DEPENDENCIES AND REAL ALL OBSERVATIONS BEFORE UPLOAD !

"},{"location":"designs/tstick-4gw/flashing-guide/#install-platformio","title":"Install PlatformIO","text":"

To download and install PlatformIO, follow the instructions at https://platformio.org/platformio-ide.

We recomment using PlatformIO under Visual Studio Code, but you can also coose another editor.

"},{"location":"designs/tstick-4gw/flashing-guide/#clone-the-t-stick-repository","title":"Clone the T-Stick repository","text":"

Clone this repository using git clone https://github.com/IDMIL/T-Stick.git. Alternatively, you can download the repository as a zip file at https://github.com/IDMIL/T-Stick. Take note of the folder location.

"},{"location":"designs/tstick-4gw/flashing-guide/#open-firmware-project-and-flash-it-to-the-t-stick","title":"Open firmware project and flash it to the T-Stick","text":"
  • Open the T-Stick firmware project (folder firmware in the T-Stick repository folder) in VSC/PlatformIO. You can get help on how to use PlatformIO at https://docs.platformio.org/en/latest/core/quickstart.html
  • You can make any necessary changes on the firmware before flashing (e.g., changing T-Stick ID, selecting the board and capacitive board accordingly)
  • If it is the first time flashing, you may see an error pointing to the ESP32 inet.h file. The file requires manual fixing. Check the issue at https://github.com/mathiasbredholt/libmapper-arduino/issues/3

When ready, you need to flash both the firmware and the filesystem image. Choose the proper platform accordingly (lolin_d32_pro or tinypico) and use the PlatformIO menu to flash both images to the T-Stick.

"},{"location":"designs/tstick-4gw/flashing-guide/#test-t-stick","title":"Test T-Stick","text":"

After flashing, you can use the VSC/PlatformIO serial monitor to check if the T-Stick is booting properly. You should see T-Stick booting process.

You can also interact with the controller using the following commands:

  • 's' to start setup mode
  • 'reboot' to reboot
  • 'd' to enter deep sleep

To test if the data is being send correctly:

  • Connect the T-Stick to a network (instructions here)
  • Open the Pure Data (PD) or Max/MSP patch to receive T-Stick messages (they can be found here)
  • Start receive OSC messages according to the chosen patch
"},{"location":"designs/tstick-4gw/flashing-guide/#firmware-information","title":"Firmware Information","text":"

Sopranino T-Stick 4G - LOLIN D32 PRO / TinyPico - USB - WiFi Input Devices and Music Interaction Laboratory (IDMIL)

"},{"location":"designs/tstick-4gw/specs_4gw_2018/","title":"T-Stick 4GW-2018","text":"

Warning

The T-Stick 4GW-2018 is not recommended for new builds due to touch sensor IC and the LSM9DS1 IMU no longer being produced.

The T-Stick 4GW was designed by Eduardo Meneses and Alex Nieva with the first revision being completed in 2018. This generation of T-Sticks is a Wi-Fi based system using Open Sound Control and later Libmapper for sending signals. It uses the ESP32 microcontroller for controlling the T-Stick. Multiple development boards such as the Lolin D32 and TinyPico have been used with this design. Although the design is modular and can in theory support T-Sticks up to the length of a Tenor T-Stick. Limitations due to how the T-Stick is constructed and firmware makes this design appropriate only for Sopranino and Soprano T-Sticks.

"},{"location":"designs/tstick-4gw/specs_4gw_2018/#guides","title":"Guides","text":"

For information on how to use the T-Stick 4GW-2018 check out the guides below:

  • Build Guide
  • Flashing Guide
  • Connection Guide
"},{"location":"designs/tstick-4gw/specs_4gw_2018/#specifications","title":"Specifications","text":"Feature Details Status Not recommended for new builds Release Year 2018 Communication Type Wi-Fi 4, 802.11 b/g/n Compatible protocols Open Sound Control (OSC)/Libmapper Touch Sensing Density 1 channel per 2cm Microcontroller ESP32 Series Gestures Embedded? Yes Embedded Gestures Libraries Puara Gestures Sensors LSM9DS1 IMU, IDMIL Capsence board (16 channels), Force Sensitive Resistor 408 Series, Piezoelectric sensor"},{"location":"designs/tstick-4gw/specs_4gw_2018/#osc-signal-namespace","title":"OSC Signal Namespace","text":"

Note

Replace XXX for the T-Stick ID number

"},{"location":"designs/tstick-4gw/specs_4gw_2018/#raw-data","title":"Raw data","text":"Signal Name Type Range Description /TStick_XXX/raw/capsense i... 0 or 1 Raw signal from the touch sensor. Outputs 1 if a finger is detected /TStick_XXX/raw/fsr i 0 4095 Raw signal from the force sensitive resistor /TStick_XXX/raw/accl fff 24 Raw signal from the accelerometer in 3-axis (x,y,z) /TStick_XXX/raw/gyro fff 42 Raw signal from the gyroscope in 3-axis (x,y,z) /TStick_XXX/raw/magn fff 0.001 Raw signal from the magnetometer in 3-axis (x,y,z) /TStick_XXX/battery i 0 100 Battery percentage (linear estimate based on voltage)"},{"location":"designs/tstick-4gw/specs_4gw_2018/#button-signals","title":"Button Signals","text":"Signal Name Type Range Description /TStick_XXX/instrument/button/count i 0 x Number of times the button was tapped /TStick_XXX/instrument/button/tap i 0 or 1 Outputs 1 if the button was tapped /TStick_XXX/instrument/button/dtap i 0 or 1 Outputs 1 if the button was double tapped /TStick_XXX/instrument/button/ttap i 0 or 1 Outputs 1 if the button was triple tapped"},{"location":"designs/tstick-4gw/specs_4gw_2018/#touch-gestures","title":"Touch Gestures","text":"Signal Name Type Range Description /TStick_XXX/instrument/squeeze f 0 1 Normalised signal from the force sensitive resistor /TStick_XXX/instrument/touch/all f 0 1 /TStick_XXX/instrument/touch/top f 0 1 /TStick_XXX/instrument/touch/middle f 0 1 /TStick_XXX/instrument/touch/bottom f 0 1 /TStick_XXX/instrument/brush f 0 x cm/s /TStick_XXX/instrument/multibrush ffff 0 x cm/s /TStick_XXX/instrument/rub f 0 x cm/s /TStick_XXX/instrument/multirub ffff 0 x cm/s"},{"location":"designs/tstick-4gw/specs_4gw_2018/#inertial-gestures-signals","title":"Inertial Gestures Signals","text":"Signal Name Type Range Description /TStick_XXX/orientation ffff N/A Quaternions for T-Stick orientation /TStick_XXX/instrument/ypr fff 180\\(^{\\circ}\\) 90\\(^{\\circ}\\) 180\\(^{\\circ}\\) Yaw, pitch, roll of T-Stick /TStick_XXX/instrument/shakexyz fff 0 x Shake intensity in 3-axis (x,y,z) /TStick_XXX/instrument/jabxyz fff 0 x Jab intensity in 3-axis (x,y,z)"},{"location":"designs/tstick-4gw/specs_4gw_2021/","title":"T-Stick 4GW-2021","text":"

Warning

The T-Stick 4GW-2021 is not recommended for new builds due to Tinypico and the LSM9DS1 IMU no longer being produced.

The T-Stick 4GW-2021 was designed by Eduardo Meneses in September of 2021. It uses the same signal namespace as the T-Stick 4GW-2018 but replaces the IDMIL capsence board with Bela's Trill Craft Touch Board.

"},{"location":"designs/tstick-4gw/specs_4gw_2021/#guides","title":"Guides","text":"

For information on how to use the T-Stick 4GW-2021 check out the guides below:

  • Build Guide
  • Flashing Guide
  • Connection Guide
"},{"location":"designs/tstick-4gw/specs_4gw_2021/#specifications","title":"Specifications","text":"Feature Details Status Not recommended for new builds Release Year 2021 Communication Type Wi-Fi 4, 802.11 b/g/n Compatible protocols Open Sound Control (OSC)/Libmapper Touch Sensing Density 1 channel per 2cm Microcontroller ESP32 Series Gestures Embedded? Yes Embedded Gestures Libraries Puara Gestures Sensors LSM9DS1 IMU, Trill Craft Capacitive Sensing Board (30 channels), Force Sensitive Resistor 408 Series"},{"location":"designs/tstick-4gw/specs_4gw_2021/#osc-signal-namespace","title":"OSC Signal Namespace","text":"

Note

Replace XXX for the T-Stick ID number

"},{"location":"designs/tstick-4gw/specs_4gw_2021/#raw-data","title":"Raw data","text":"Signal Name Type Range Description /TStick_XXX/raw/capsense i... 0 or 1 Raw signal from the touch sensor. Outputs 1 if a finger is detected /TStick_XXX/raw/fsr i 0 4095 Raw signal from the force sensitive resistor /TStick_XXX/raw/accl fff 24 Raw signal from the accelerometer in 3-axis (x,y,z) /TStick_XXX/raw/gyro fff 42 Raw signal from the gyroscope in 3-axis (x,y,z) /TStick_XXX/raw/magn fff 0.001 Raw signal from the magnetometer in 3-axis (x,y,z) /TStick_XXX/battery i 0 100 Battery percentage (linear estimate based on voltage)"},{"location":"designs/tstick-4gw/specs_4gw_2021/#button-signals","title":"Button Signals","text":"Signal Name Type Range Description /TStick_XXX/instrument/button/count i 0 x Number of times the button was tapped /TStick_XXX/instrument/button/tap i 0 or 1 Outputs 1 if the button was tapped /TStick_XXX/instrument/button/dtap i 0 or 1 Outputs 1 if the button was double tapped /TStick_XXX/instrument/button/ttap i 0 or 1 Outputs 1 if the button was triple tapped"},{"location":"designs/tstick-4gw/specs_4gw_2021/#touch-gestures","title":"Touch Gestures","text":"Signal Name Type Range Description /TStick_XXX/instrument/squeeze f 0 1 Normalised signal from the force sensitive resistor /TStick_XXX/instrument/touch/all f 0 1 /TStick_XXX/instrument/touch/top f 0 1 /TStick_XXX/instrument/touch/middle f 0 1 /TStick_XXX/instrument/touch/bottom f 0 1 /TStick_XXX/instrument/brush f 0 x cm/s /TStick_XXX/instrument/multibrush ffff 0 x cm/s /TStick_XXX/instrument/rub f 0 x cm/s /TStick_XXX/instrument/multirub ffff 0 x cm/s"},{"location":"designs/tstick-4gw/specs_4gw_2021/#inertial-gestures-signals","title":"Inertial Gestures Signals","text":"Signal Name Type Range Description /TStick_XXX/orientation ffff N/A Quaternions for T-Stick orientation /TStick_XXX/instrument/ypr fff 180\\(^{\\circ}\\) 90\\(^{\\circ}\\) 180\\(^{\\circ}\\) Yaw, pitch, roll of T-Stick /TStick_XXX/instrument/shakexyz fff 0 x Shake intensity in 3-axis (x,y,z) /TStick_XXX/instrument/jabxyz fff 0 x Jab intensity in 3-axis (x,y,z)"},{"location":"designs/tstick-5gw/","title":"General Information","text":"

The T-Stick 5GW consists of a custom ESP32 board which integrates a ESP32-S3 WROOM 2 Module with a ICM20948 IMU and MAX17055 on a single board, and a touch board that has a pinout for the Trill Craft board as well as, two JST-SH 4 pin connectors to daisy chain multiple touch boards together.

"},{"location":"designs/tstick-5gw/#system-architecture","title":"System Architecture","text":"

The image below shows the hardware architecture for the new T-Stick design. Most of the power sytem functions such as providing power, charging the instrument and changing the power state is handled by the MCP73871. This IC handles charging the LiPO/Li-ion battery and changing between the USB power and battery power depending on voltage. In addition, two regulators, the NCP167AMX330TBG/NCP167AMX1800TBG series are used to step down the system power to 3.3V and 1.8V respectively. The MAX17055 is used as a fuel gauge. This fuel gauge is used over its non-current sensing counter parts such as the MAX17048 due to better accuracy.

The Trill Craft board is kept as the capacitive sensor solution of choice. A more integrated solution using just the MCU on the Trill Craft board was considered but figuring out how to flash the MCU in a systematic way, would have been more of a hassle than it is worth. The touch board uses a 32 pin FFC connector to connect to a flexible PCB with 30 touch points and two ground points. The IMU is changed to an ICM20948 9-DOF IMU. as mentioned previously this is due to the fact that the LSM9DS1 is no longer actively supported by the company that produces it. It receives the 1.8V power from one of the regulators. Three mosfets are used to convert the 1.8V logic from the ICM20948 to 3.3V to communicate with the ESP32.

"},{"location":"designs/tstick-5gw/#5th-generation-t-sticks","title":"5th Generation T-Sticks","text":"

Click each box to get more information on each variant of the T-Stick 4GW

  • T-Stick 5GW-Trill

    An ESP32-S3 based T-Stick using the Bela Trill Touch Board.

    More Details

  • T-Stick 5GW-Enchanti

    An ESP32-S3 based T-Stick using a custom touch board.

    More Details

"},{"location":"designs/tstick-5gw/#diagrams","title":"Diagrams","text":""},{"location":"designs/tstick-5gw/#schematic","title":"Schematic","text":""},{"location":"designs/tstick-5gw/build-guide-enchanti/","title":"Building a Soprano T-Stick 5GW-Enchanti","text":"

Warning

This guide is still under constructions. Links to files/products may be broken. If you find a broken link please open an issue on github.

Note

This guide is for building a Soprano T-Stick 5GW.

"},{"location":"designs/tstick-5gw/build-guide-enchanti/#bill-of-materials","title":"Bill of Materials","text":"Qty Description 01 EnchantiTouch Board 01 EnchantiS3 Board 01 Flex PCB touch sensor 01 60cm FSR 408 01 6mm Button 01 Li-Po/Li-ion Battery min 1000mA 01 ABS/PVC Tube 02 Sparkfun Qwiic Cable or equivalent (at least 10cm) (longer T-Sticks need additional cables) 02 JST-SH 2 pin cable \\~65cm Heat shrink tube (80mm diameter) 01 end-cup with microcontroller base 01 end-cup with for the ON-OFF switch 01 3D printed bases, one of each file, and 4 regular poles 11 M3 Mounting Screws 04 M3 Inserts (6mm) 06 M2 Inserts (6mm) 01 foam sheet 01 Plastic glue 01 18650 battery holder (if using 18650 battery) 01 2 pin JST-PH cable (if using 18650 battery)"},{"location":"designs/tstick-5gw/build-guide-enchanti/#instructions","title":"Instructions","text":""},{"location":"designs/tstick-5gw/build-guide-enchanti/#prepare-the-3d-printed-components","title":"Prepare the 3D printed components","text":"

Print the following files from the T-Stick repository.

  • x1 esp32-bed
  • x1 touch-board-bed
  • x2 touch-board-door
  • x1 blank-endcap
  • x1 cap-closer

Note

If you are using an 18650 battery you will need to print liion-endcap instead of the blank-endcap and an additional cap-closer.

"},{"location":"designs/tstick-5gw/build-guide-enchanti/#adding-inserts","title":"Adding inserts","text":"

Use a soldering iron or other heat source to add M2 inserts to the front of the ESP32 bed piece (x2).

Add M3 inserts to the holes inside the ESP32 bed (x2). These will be used to screw in the board to the component.

Add M2 inserts to the holes on the side of the touch board beds (x4). These will be used to screw in the touch board doors.

Add M3 inserts to the 3rd and 5th hole on the bottom of the touch board beds (x2). These will be used to secure the Enchanti touch board.

Tip

Add the M3 inserts from the top (from the flat part of the piece). This will ensure that you don't get fillament in the way when attempting to screw in the boards.

"},{"location":"designs/tstick-5gw/build-guide-enchanti/#prepare-the-abspvc-pipe","title":"Prepare the ABS/PVC Pipe","text":"

Cut the ABS/PVC pipe into two pieces. Each with a length of about ~10inch/25cm. Use super glue or other alternative methods to glue the touch board bed to both pieces of the ABS/PVC pipe.

Tip

We recommend using a drop saw/mitre saw to get a clean cut

"},{"location":"designs/tstick-5gw/build-guide-enchanti/#setup-the-touch-board","title":"Setup the touch board","text":"

Flash the Enchanti Touch board using the firmware found here. You can find instructions for how to flash the PSoC 4100S Max on Infineon's website

Use two M3 screws to screw the Enchanti Touch board to the touch board bed. Connect the touch sensor to the FFC connectors on the Enchanti Touch board. Peel the cover from the tape and tape the touch sensor against the pipe as shown below.

"},{"location":"designs/tstick-5gw/build-guide-enchanti/#mount-the-fsr","title":"Mount the FSR","text":"

Cut the 2-pin JST cable to about 10cm as shown in the image below.

Solder the two ends of the JST cable to the two terminals of the FSR.

Warning

Take care with soldering the FSR. Excessive heat will damage the FSR pins.

Tip

The FSR pins are very delicate. Put some heat shrink tube to reinforce the end of the fsr so it doesn\u2019t break. If it breaks, it\u2019s not repairable.

Tip

It is recommended to put a bit of solder on both the FSR terminals and the ends of the FSR cables. This allows you to quickly solder the FSR, without damaging the terminals due to excessive heat. Use heat shrink to prevent shorts.

Attach the FSR to the outside of the ABS/PVC pipe on the opposite end of the touch sensor, cutting the end if it's too long. Cut the foam sheets into rectangles and tape it over the FSR.

FSR mounted, before adding foam sheet FSR mounted with foam sheet"},{"location":"designs/tstick-5gw/build-guide-enchanti/#apply-heat-shrink","title":"Apply Heat Shrink","text":"

Cut the Heat shrink leaving a little heat shrink at both ends of the pipe. Shrink the heat shrink over the pipe, making sure to not overtighten the heat shrink over the FSR side of the pipe. Once the heat shrink has been applied. Cut a hole in the heat shrink where the touch board is.

Warning

Be careful to not cut the touch sensor

"},{"location":"designs/tstick-5gw/build-guide-enchanti/#prepare-the-enchantis3-board","title":"Prepare the EnchantiS3 Board","text":"

Use two M3 screws to secure the EnchantiS3 board to the ESP32 endcap. Glue the button in the button slot on the ESP32 bed piece. Cut another 2-Pin JST cable (like the one used for the FSR). Solder the two ends of the JST cable vertically to the button pins. Connect the JST cable from the button to the BTN header on the EnchantiS3 board.

"},{"location":"designs/tstick-5gw/build-guide-enchanti/#final-assembly","title":"Final Assembly","text":"

Glue both endcaps to the ends of the pipe. Connect the JST cable from the FSR to the FSR header on the EnchantiS3 board.

Info

It is really important that there is a strong adhesion when gluing the components together. Use glue designed for the plastic pipe you are using.

Use M2 screws add the touch door beds to the T-Stick.

"},{"location":"designs/tstick-5gw/build-guide-enchanti/#next-steps","title":"Next Steps","text":"

Congratulations you have built a T-Stick 5GW-Enchanti! Instructions to upload (flash) the T-Stick firmware and configuration files can be found here.

Read and follow ALL the instructions before uploading the firmware to the board. There are some steps to prepare your machine and the ESP32 before flash it for the first time.

"},{"location":"designs/tstick-5gw/build-guide-enchanti/#more-info","title":"More info:","text":"

Version 0.0: Created by: Albert-Ngabo Niyonsenga - aniyonsenga@gmail.com

"},{"location":"designs/tstick-5gw/build-guide-trill/","title":"Building a Sopraniono T-Stick 5GW-Trill","text":"

Warning

This guide is still under constructions. Links to files/products may be broken. If you find a broken link please open an issue on github.

Note

This guide is for building a Sopranino T-Stick 5GW-Trill.

"},{"location":"designs/tstick-5gw/build-guide-trill/#bill-of-materials","title":"Bill of Materials","text":"Qty Description 01 Trill Craft Board 01 EnchantiS3 Board 01 Trill Extension Board 01 Flex PCB touch sensor 01 30cm FSR 408 01 6mm Button 01 Li-Po/Li-ion Battery min 1000mA 01 ABS/PVC Tube 02 Sparkfun Qwiic Cable or equivalent (at least 10cm) (longer T-Sticks need additional cables) 02 JST-SH 2 pin cable \\~35cm Heat shrink tube 01 end-cup with microcontroller base 01 end-cup with for the ON-OFF switch 01 3D printed bases, one of each file, and 4 regular poles 11 M3 Mounting Screws 01 foam sheet"},{"location":"designs/tstick-5gw/build-guide-trill/#instructions","title":"Instructions","text":""},{"location":"designs/tstick-5gw/build-guide-trill/#prepare-the-3d-printed-components","title":"Prepare the 3D printed components","text":"

Print the following files from the T-Stick repository.

  • x1 esp32-bed
  • x1 touch-board-bed
  • x2 touch-board-door
  • x1 blank-endcap
  • x1 cap-closer

Note

If you are using an 18650 battery you will need to print liion-endcap instead of the blank-endcap and an additional cap-closer.

"},{"location":"designs/tstick-5gw/build-guide-trill/#adding-inserts","title":"Adding inserts","text":"

Use a soldering iron or other heat source to add M2 inserts to the front of the ESP32 bed piece (x2).

Add M3 inserts to the holes inside the ESP32 bed (x2). These will be used to screw in the board to the component.

Add M2 inserts to the holes on the side of the touch board beds (x4). These will be used to screw in the touch board doors.

"},{"location":"designs/tstick-5gw/build-guide-trill/#prepare-the-abspvc-pipe","title":"Prepare the ABS/PVC Pipe","text":"

Cut the ABS/PVC pipe two pieces. One piece should be about ~8inch/20cm and other a short piece about ~1.2inch/3cm. Use super glue or other alternative methods to glue the touch board bed to both pieces of the ABS/PVC pipe. Make sure to glue the short piece to the end closest to the M3 inserts

Warning

Tip

We recommend using a drop saw/mitre saw to get a clean cut

Add M3 inserts to the last two holes closest to the short PVC pipe on the bottom of the touch board beds (x2). These will be used to secure the Trill Craft board.

Tip

Add the M3 inserts from the top (from the flat part of the piece). This will ensure that you don't get fillament in the way when attempting to screw in the boards.

"},{"location":"designs/tstick-5gw/build-guide-trill/#setup-the-touch-board","title":"Setup the touch board","text":"

Solder the Trill Craft board on the Trill Craft Extension Board. Make sure to line up the

Use two M3 screws to screw the Trill Craft extension board to the touch board bed. Connect the touch sensor to the FFC connectors on the Trill Craft board. Peel the cover from the tape and tape the touch sensor against the pipe as shown below.

"},{"location":"designs/tstick-5gw/build-guide-trill/#mount-the-fsr","title":"Mount the FSR","text":"

Cut the 2-pin JST cable to about 10cm as shown in the image below.

Solder the two ends of the JST cable to the two terminals of the FSR.

Warning

Take care with soldering the FSR. Excessive heat will damage the FSR pins.

Tip

The FSR pins are very delicate. Put some heat shrink tube to reinforce the end of the fsr so it doesn\u2019t break. If it breaks, it\u2019s not repairable.

Tip

It is recommended to put a bit of solder on both the FSR terminals and the ends of the FSR cables. This allows you to quickly solder the FSR, without damaging the terminals due to excessive heat. Use heat shrink to prevent shorts.

Attach the FSR to the outside of the ABS/PVC pipe on the opposite end of the touch sensor, cutting the end if it's too long. Cut the foam sheets into rectangles and tape it over the FSR.

FSR mounted, before adding foam sheet FSR mounted with foam sheet"},{"location":"designs/tstick-5gw/build-guide-trill/#apply-heat-shrink","title":"Apply Heat Shrink","text":"

Cut the Heat shrink leaving a little heat shrink at both ends of the pipe. Shrink the heat shrink over the pipe, making sure to not overtighten the heat shrink over the FSR side of the pipe. Once the heat shrink has been applied. Cut a hole in the heat shrink where the touch board is.

Warning

Be careful to not cut the touch sensor

"},{"location":"designs/tstick-5gw/build-guide-trill/#prepare-the-enchantis3-board","title":"Prepare the EnchantiS3 Board","text":"

Use two M3 screws to secure the EnchantiS3 board to the ESP32 endcap. Glue the button in the button slot on the ESP32 bed piece. Cut another 2-Pin JST cable (like the one used for the FSR). Solder the two ends of the JST cable vertically to the button pins. Connect the JST cable from the button to the BTN header on the EnchantiS3 board.

"},{"location":"designs/tstick-5gw/build-guide-trill/#final-assembly","title":"Final Assembly","text":"

Glue both endcaps to the ends of the pipe. Connect the JST cable from the FSR to the FSR header on the EnchantiS3 board.

Info

It is really important that there is a strong adhesion when gluing the components together. Use glue designed for the plastic pipe you are using.

Use M2 screws add the touch door beds to the T-Stick.

"},{"location":"designs/tstick-5gw/build-guide-trill/#next-steps","title":"Next Steps","text":"

Congratulations you have built a T-Stick 5GW-Trill! Instructions to upload (flash) the T-Stick firmware and configuration files can be found here.

Read and follow ALL the instructions before uploading the firmware to the board. There are some steps to prepare your machine and the ESP32 before flash it for the first time.

"},{"location":"designs/tstick-5gw/build-guide-trill/#more-info","title":"More info:","text":"

Version 0.0: Created by: Albert-Ngabo Niyonsenga - aniyonsenga@gmail.com

"},{"location":"designs/tstick-5gw/connection-guide/","title":"Connecting to a T-Stick 4GW/5GW","text":""},{"location":"designs/tstick-5gw/connection-guide/#option-1-wireless-connection","title":"Option 1: Wireless Connection","text":""},{"location":"designs/tstick-5gw/connection-guide/#get-your-network-details","title":"Get your network details","text":"
  1. Connect to the network you will be connecting the T-Stick to.
  2. Note the SSID (network name) and SSID Password (network password).
  3. Get your computers IP address while connected to this network. Below are linked some support articles for Windows, MacOS and Linux on how to find your computers IP address.
  4. Find your IP Address Windows
  5. Find your IP Address MacOS
  6. Find your IP Address Linux
"},{"location":"designs/tstick-5gw/connection-guide/#connect-to-the-t-stick","title":"Connect to the T-Stick","text":"
  1. Power on your T-Stick and wait until the boot sequence is complete. If your T-Stick does not have a Power switch press the button once and wait for the T-Stick to turn on.
  2. Connect to the T-Stick_XXX wifi network where XXX is the ID of the T-Stick. ie: TStick_001. By default the password is mappings.
  3. Open your browser and go to http://TStick_XXX.local/ or http://192.168.4.1, where XXX is the ID of the T-Stick module.
  4. In the Network section write the network name and password optained in Step 2 in the SSID and SSID Password fields.
  5. In the OSC send settings put in your computer's IP address optained in Step 3 in the Primary IP field.
  6. Click the green Save button. You will be directed to a page saying that the information was saved successfully.
  7. Click Config on the top of the page to return to the orginal menu.
  8. Click the green Close and Reboot button at the bottom of the page.
"},{"location":"designs/tstick-5gw/flashing-guide/","title":"Flashing Firmware for a T-Stick 5GW","text":""},{"location":"designs/tstick-5gw/flashing-guide/#option-1-using-bin-files-and-esptoolpy","title":"Option 1: using .bin files and esptool.py","text":"

This method is easier/faster. It uses esptool.py.

"},{"location":"designs/tstick-5gw/flashing-guide/#download-the-bin-files","title":"Download the bin files","text":"
  • Download the .bin files located at the bin folder
"},{"location":"designs/tstick-5gw/flashing-guide/#download-esptoolpy","title":"Download esptool.py","text":"
  • Download the esptool.py from https://github.com/espressif/esptool. Use the Download ZIP option from Github
  • Unzip the esptool-master.zip file
"},{"location":"designs/tstick-5gw/flashing-guide/#connect-the-t-stick-to-the-computer-and-check-the-usb-port","title":"Connect the T-Stick to the computer and check the USB port","text":"
  • Check the T-Stick (ESP32) port in your computer:
  • For MacOS/Linux:
    • install the latest drivers from from the SiLabs website.
    • Open a Terminal window
    • Execute the command ls /dev/cu.*. The command will return a list of ports in your computer.
    • Plug the T-Stick (USB) and run the command ls /dev/cu.* one more time. You can now compare the lists and anotate the T-Stick USB port. Should be something similar to /dev/cu.wchusbserial1410, probably with a different number
    • Linux users should also give the currently logged user read and write access the serial port over USB. Check here for more information
  • For Windows:
    • Check the list of identified COM ports in the Windows Device Manager
    • Plug the T-Stick (USB) and check the list of identified COM ports in the Windows Device Manager again. The T-Stick port should appear on the list. Anotate the T-Stick USB port, it should be something similar to COM3 or COM16
"},{"location":"designs/tstick-5gw/flashing-guide/#flash-the-firmware-bin-files","title":"Flash the firmware (.bin files)","text":"
  • Use Finder, Terminal, or File Explorer to copy the contents of the bin folder (you should copy 3 .bin files) to the esptool-master folder
  • Navigate to the esptool-master folder in Terminal or Command Prompt
  • Run the command (don't forget to replace the --port (/dev/cu.wchusbserial1410) option for your T-Stick port): esptool.py --chip esp32 --port /dev/cu.wchusbserial1410 --baud 115200 --before default_reset --after hard_reset write_flash -z --flash_mode dio --flash_freq 80m --flash_size detect 0xe000 boot_app0.bin 0x1000 bootloader_dio_80m.bin 0x10000 esp32_arduino_FW211124.bin 0x8000 esp32_arduino_FW211124.ino.partitions.bin 2686976 esp32_arduino_FW211124.spiffs.bin. Wait for the process to be complete. Do not unplug or turn off your T-Stick during the process.

To set the T-Stick info and test if the data is being send correctly:

  • Connect the T-Stick to a network (instructions here);
  • Open the Pure Data (PD) or Max/MSP patch to receive T-Stick messages (they can be found here);
  • Start receive OSC messages according to the chosen patch.
"},{"location":"designs/tstick-5gw/specs_5gw_enchanti/","title":"T-Stick 5GW-Enchanti","text":"

The T-Stick 5GW-Enchanti is a 5th generation T-Stick that uses Enchanti Touch Board. More details on 5th generation T-Sticks can be found here.

"},{"location":"designs/tstick-5gw/specs_5gw_enchanti/#guides","title":"Guides","text":"

For information on how to use the T-Stick 5GW-Enchanti check out the guides below:

  • Build Guide
  • Flashing Guide
  • Connection Guide
"},{"location":"designs/tstick-5gw/specs_5gw_enchanti/#specification","title":"Specification","text":"Feature Details Status Under development Release Year 2024 Communication Type Wi-Fi 4, 802.11 b/g/n Compatible protocols Open Sound Control (OSC)/Libmapper Touch Sensing Density 1 channel per 1cm Microcontroller ESP32-S3 Series Gestures Embedded? Yes Embedded Gestures Libraries Puara Gestures Sensors ICM20948 IMU, Trill Craft Capacitive Sensing Board (30 channels), Force Sensitive Resistor 408 Series, MAX17262 Fuel Gauge"},{"location":"designs/tstick-5gw/specs_5gw_enchanti/#osc-signal-namespace","title":"OSC Signal Namespace","text":"

Note

Replace XXX for the T-Stick ID number

"},{"location":"designs/tstick-5gw/specs_5gw_enchanti/#raw-data","title":"Raw data","text":"Signal Name Type Range Description /TStick_XXX/raw/capsense i... 0 4095 Raw signal from the touch sensor. /TStick_XXX/raw/fsr i 0 4095 Raw signal from the force sensitive resistor /TStick_XXX/raw/accl fff 24 Raw signal from the accelerometer in 3-axis (x,y,z) /TStick_XXX/raw/gyro fff 42 Raw signal from the gyroscope in 3-axis (x,y,z) /TStick_XXX/raw/magn fff 0.001 Raw signal from the magnetometer in 3-axis (x,y,z)"},{"location":"designs/tstick-5gw/specs_5gw_enchanti/#battery-signals","title":"Battery Signals","text":"Signal Name Type Range Description /TStick_XXX/battery/percentage f 0 100 Battery percentage /TStick_XXX/battery/voltage f 0 4.2 Battery voltage (V) /TStick_XXX/battery/current f 2000 Battery current (mA)"},{"location":"designs/tstick-5gw/specs_5gw_enchanti/#button-signals","title":"Button Signals","text":"Signal Name Type Range Description /TStick_XXX/instrument/button/count i 0 x Number of times the button was tapped /TStick_XXX/instrument/button/tap i 0 or 1 Outputs 1 if the button was tapped /TStick_XXX/instrument/button/dtap i 0 or 1 Outputs 1 if the button was double tapped /TStick_XXX/instrument/button/ttap i 0 or 1 Outputs 1 if the button was triple tapped"},{"location":"designs/tstick-5gw/specs_5gw_enchanti/#touch-gestures","title":"Touch Gestures","text":"Signal Name Type Range Description /TStick_XXX/instrument/squeeze f 0 1 Normalised signal from the force sensitive resistor /TStick_XXX/instrument/touch/all f 0 1 /TStick_XXX/instrument/touch/top f 0 1 /TStick_XXX/instrument/touch/middle f 0 1 /TStick_XXX/instrument/touch/bottom f 0 1 /TStick_XXX/instrument/brush f 0 x cm/s /TStick_XXX/instrument/multibrush ffff 0 x cm/s /TStick_XXX/instrument/rub f 0 x cm/s /TStick_XXX/instrument/multirub ffff 0 x cm/s"},{"location":"designs/tstick-5gw/specs_5gw_enchanti/#inertial-gestures-signals","title":"Inertial Gestures Signals","text":"Signal Name Type Range Description /TStick_XXX/orientation ffff N/A Quaternions for T-Stick orientation /TStick_XXX/instrument/ypr fff 180\\(^{\\circ}\\) 90\\(^{\\circ}\\) 180\\(^{\\circ}\\) Yaw, pitch, roll of T-Stick /TStick_XXX/instrument/shakexyz fff 0 x Shake intensity in 3-axis (x,y,z) /TStick_XXX/instrument/jabxyz fff 0 x Jab intensity in 3-axis (x,y,z)"},{"location":"designs/tstick-5gw/specs_5gw_trill/","title":"T-Stick 5GW-Trill","text":"

The T-Stick 5GW-Trill is a 5th generation T-Stick that uses Bela's Trill Craft Touch Board. More details on 5th generation T-Sticks can be found here.

"},{"location":"designs/tstick-5gw/specs_5gw_trill/#guides","title":"Guides","text":"

For information on how to use the T-Stick 5GW-Trill check out the guides below:

  • Build Guide
  • Flashing Guide
  • Connection Guide
"},{"location":"designs/tstick-5gw/specs_5gw_trill/#specifications","title":"Specifications","text":"Feature Details Status Recommended for new builds Release Year 2024 Communication Type Wi-Fi 4, 802.11 b/g/n Compatible protocols Open Sound Control (OSC)/Libmapper Touch Sensing Density 1 channel per 1cm Microcontroller ESP32-S3 Series Gestures Embedded? Yes Embedded Gestures Libraries Puara Gestures Sensors ICM20948 IMU, Trill Craft Capacitive Sensing Board (30 channels), Force Sensitive Resistor 408 Series, MAX17262 Fuel Gauge"},{"location":"designs/tstick-5gw/specs_5gw_trill/#osc-signal-namespace","title":"OSC Signal Namespace","text":"

Note

Replace XXX for the T-Stick ID number

"},{"location":"designs/tstick-5gw/specs_5gw_trill/#raw-data","title":"Raw data","text":"Signal Name Type Range Description /TStick_XXX/raw/capsense i... 0 512 Raw signal from the touch sensor. /TStick_XXX/raw/fsr i 0 4095 Raw signal from the force sensitive resistor /TStick_XXX/raw/accl fff 24 Raw signal from the accelerometer in 3-axis (x,y,z) /TStick_XXX/raw/gyro fff 42 Raw signal from the gyroscope in 3-axis (x,y,z) /TStick_XXX/raw/magn fff 0.001 Raw signal from the magnetometer in 3-axis (x,y,z)"},{"location":"designs/tstick-5gw/specs_5gw_trill/#battery-signals","title":"Battery Signals","text":"Signal Name Type Range Description /TStick_XXX/battery/percentage f 0 100 Battery percentage /TStick_XXX/battery/voltage f 0 4.2 Battery voltage (V) /TStick_XXX/battery/current f 2000 Battery current (mA)"},{"location":"designs/tstick-5gw/specs_5gw_trill/#button-signals","title":"Button Signals","text":"Signal Name Type Range Description /TStick_XXX/instrument/button/count i 0 x Number of times the button was tapped /TStick_XXX/instrument/button/tap i 0 or 1 Outputs 1 if the button was tapped /TStick_XXX/instrument/button/dtap i 0 or 1 Outputs 1 if the button was double tapped /TStick_XXX/instrument/button/ttap i 0 or 1 Outputs 1 if the button was triple tapped"},{"location":"designs/tstick-5gw/specs_5gw_trill/#touch-gestures","title":"Touch Gestures","text":"Signal Name Type Range Description /TStick_XXX/instrument/squeeze f 0 1 Normalised signal from the force sensitive resistor /TStick_XXX/instrument/touch/all f 0 1 /TStick_XXX/instrument/touch/top f 0 1 /TStick_XXX/instrument/touch/middle f 0 1 /TStick_XXX/instrument/touch/bottom f 0 1 /TStick_XXX/instrument/brush f 0 x cm/s /TStick_XXX/instrument/multibrush ffff 0 x cm/s /TStick_XXX/instrument/rub f 0 x cm/s /TStick_XXX/instrument/multirub ffff 0 x cm/s"},{"location":"designs/tstick-5gw/specs_5gw_trill/#inertial-gestures-signals","title":"Inertial Gestures Signals","text":"Signal Name Type Range Description /TStick_XXX/orientation ffff N/A Quaternions for T-Stick orientation /TStick_XXX/instrument/ypr fff 180\\(^{\\circ}\\) 90\\(^{\\circ}\\) 180\\(^{\\circ}\\) Yaw, pitch, roll of T-Stick /TStick_XXX/instrument/shakexyz fff 0 x Shake intensity in 3-axis (x,y,z) /TStick_XXX/instrument/jabxyz fff 0 x Jab intensity in 3-axis (x,y,z)"},{"location":"engineering/design-guidelines/","title":"T-Stick Design Guidelines","text":""},{"location":"engineering/design-guidelines/#purpose","title":"Purpose","text":"

To improve interoperability between present and future T-Stick implementations.

"},{"location":"engineering/design-guidelines/#1-identity-characteristics","title":"1. Identity Characteristics","text":"

These features might be part of what makes an object identifiable as a T-Stick, and not some other instrument or object. These features are not normative, and serve more to introduce vocabulary that can be used in subsequent remarks.

  1. T-Stick is cylindrical.
  2. T-Stick usually has a diameter such that it can be held in one hand.
  3. T-Stick\u2019s outer cylindrical face has two sides; one side (termed \u201cthe top side\u201d) has a pressure sensor, and it is usually slightly squishy e.g. due to a layer of closed cell foam adhered on that side of the instrument. The other side (termed \u201cthe bottom side\u201d) has a (usually capacitive) fully multitouch touch sensor, and it is usually not squishy.
  4. T-Stick also senses information about the orientation and motion of the instrument in space, such as the direction in the global frame of reference it is pointing (i.e. \u201cpitch and yaw\u201d, aka \u201caltitude and azimuth\u201d, aka \u201cheading and inclination\u201d aka etc), usually using an inertial measurement unit (IMU), or magnetic-inertial measurement unit (MIMU).
  5. T-Stick usually has a recipient port for a serial communications bus connection at one end of the pipe, usually USB. This end is termed \u201cthe proximal end\u201d of the pipe, because it is often held closer to the heart of the T-Stick player. The other end of the pipe is termed \u201cthe distal end\u201d of the pipe.
  6. The ends of the pipe are usually closed off with end caps which sometimes have buttons, lights, and/or switches embedded in them, as well as the serial bus connector on the proximal end.
  7. In addition to the pipe that makes up the main body of the instrument, a T-Stick often has an internal structure. Sensors may be attached to the pipe, the internal structure, the endcaps, or a combination of these parts.
"},{"location":"engineering/design-guidelines/#2-hardware-standards","title":"2. Hardware Standards","text":"

These remarks are meant to be normative. Adherence to these remarks is meant to improve interoperability between present and future T-Stick implementations.

Many of the following standards are based on the dimensions of materials readily available in Canada where most T-Sticks are currently made. T-Stick builders in regions where available materials are sold with different base dimensions may wish to define local standards.

"},{"location":"engineering/design-guidelines/#21-coordinate-systems","title":"2.1. Coordinate Systems","text":"

The global coordinate system used in T-Stick implementations is a right-handed East-North-Up 3-dimensional orthogonal Cartesian coordinate system. The positive X axis points to the East. The positive Y axis points North. The positive Z axis points up.

The performance-local coordinate system used in T-Stick implementations is derived by a rotation of the global coordinate system about the Z axis, such that the performance-local X axis points from center stage to stage right (i.e. from left to right when standing on stage facing the audience), and the performance-local Y axis points from center stage to downstage (i.e. towards the audience).

The T-Stick-local coordinate system is used to give directions relative to the body of the T-Stick. The X axis points from the proximal end of the pipe to the distal end of the pipe. The Y axis is determined from a 90 degree counterclockwise rotation of the X axis about the Z axis. The Z axis points from the bottom side of the pipe to the top side of the pipe.

The reference origin is centered in the circular cross-section of the pipe, with X = 0 defined such that the origin lies in the cutting plane that defines the proximal end of the pipe before end caps are attached.

Dimensions must given in millimeters (mm). Alternative representations in other units such as inches (in), feet (ft), centimeters (cm), or other units may be given in addition to the dimension in mm when convenient to aid comprehension.

"},{"location":"engineering/design-guidelines/#22-consort-dimensions","title":"2.2. Consort Dimensions","text":"

T-Sticks can be made in a variety of sizes, shown in table 1.

All T-Sticks in this consort use standard 1 \u00bd\u201d ABS pipe (typically manufactured for use in plumbing fixtures) with an outer diameter of 42.164 mm (1.6600 in) and an inner diameter of 35.179 mm (1.3850 in).

The base unit of length of a T-Stick is 304.8 mm (12 in, 1 ft). The different T-Stick sizes are all multiples of this base length. This length is chosen for maximum yield of T-Sticks from readily available lengths of pipe, which are normally sold by the foot.

Table 1: T-Stick Sizes

\u201cRange\u201d Length of pipe (without end caps) Sopranino 304.8 mm (12 in, 1 ft) Soprano 609.6 mm (24 in, 2 ft) Alto 914.4 mm (36 in, 3 ft) Tenor 1219.2 mm (48 in, 4 ft) Bass 1524.0 mm (60 in, 5 ft) Contrabass 1828.8 mm (72 in, 6 ft)"},{"location":"engineering/design-guidelines/#23-mounting-holes","title":"2.3. Mounting Holes","text":"

Mounting holes on the PCB and internal structure shall be spaced 12.7 mm (\u00bd in) apart along the X axis, starting 6.35 mm (\u00bc in) from the origin (i.e. from the proximal opening of the pipe). Adherence to this standard enables parts to be designed without strict coupling.

"},{"location":"engineering/design-guidelines/#24-pcbs","title":"2.4. PCBs","text":"

If PCBs are used the following characteristics should be followed to improve interoperability between designs.

  1. PCBs shall not have dimension in the Y axis greater than 31.75 mm (1.25 in).
  2. The bottom surface of PCBs should not have any surface mount components or through hole component legs.
"},{"location":"engineering/design-guidelines/#3-sensor-measurements","title":"3. Sensor Measurements","text":"

These remarks are meant to be normative. Adherence to these remarks is meant to improve interoperability between present and future T-Stick implementations. The T-Stick should be able to measure or approximate the following properties:

  1. Acceleration
  2. Orientation
  3. Pressure
  4. Multi-finger touch
  5. Taps
  6. Jabs
  7. Brushes
  8. Rubs

It is recommended to use a similar set of sensors and algorithms as previous T-Stick designs to maintain similar behavior across T-Sticks. These properties should be able to meet the accuracy requirement (Requirement 3.2) outlined in Technical Requirements and Constraints. Additionally any sensor fusion and gestural extraction should be done in the T-Stick firmware.

"},{"location":"engineering/design-guidelines/#4-signal-namespace","title":"4. Signal Namespace","text":"

If interoperability with previous T-Stick pieces is desired the following guidelines should be followed:

  1. The T-Stick should use an existing namespace. Check previous designs for past and current namespaces.
  2. If you wish for the T-Stick to be able to play older pieces the T-Stick firmware should have a built in translation layer for signals. External translation layers can be used but are not desired.
"},{"location":"engineering/functions/","title":"T-Stick Functions","text":""},{"location":"engineering/functions/#introduction","title":"Introduction","text":"

This page outlines the high level functions the T-Stick does and links previous designs of the T-Stick for inspiration of how the functions were accomplished.

"},{"location":"engineering/functions/#functional-analysis","title":"Functional Analysis","text":"

As shown in figure below the T-Stick has a relatively straight forward functional flow block diagram.

The sensors must be initialised, and then regularly polled for their raw sensor data. Any sensor errors must be processed and then converted to error messages to be sent to the user. In the fourth generation of T-Sticks this function is not fully developed but still exists, as most errors are at least printed to the serial monitor. The power system of the T-Stick handles charging the instrument, providing power to all components and changing the power state between active operation and deep sleep. The control and communication system output signals and interpret any user inputs/signals such as using the serial monitor to reboot the T-Stick.

"},{"location":"engineering/gestures/","title":"Puara Gestures","text":"

Note: Article still a Work in Progress

"},{"location":"engineering/gestures/#read-more","title":"Read More","text":"
  • Source Code
  • Documentation
"},{"location":"engineering/gestures/#high-level-gesture-vocabulary-for-the-t-stick","title":"High-Level gesture vocabulary for the T-Stick","text":"

Presented codes are arduino compatible.

"},{"location":"engineering/gestures/#summary","title":"Summary:","text":"
  • Puara Gestures
  • Read More
  • High-Level gesture vocabulary for the T-Stick
    • Summary:
    • Signal structures and global variables:
    • functions
    • /instrument
    • /instrument/touch/
      • /instrument/touch/all (InstrumentData.touchAll)
      • /instrument/touch/top (InstrumentData.touchTop)
      • /instrument/touch/body (InstrumentData.touchBody)
      • /instrument/touch/middle (InstrumentData.touchMiddle)
      • /instrument/touch/bottom (InstrumentData.touchBottom)
    • /instrument/brush
      • /instrument/brush/up /down
      • /instrument/brush/amplitude (brush)
      • /instrument/brush/energy (rub)
      • /instrument/amplitude /roll /tilt
      • /instrument/shake /jerk
      • /instrument/jab (INCOMPLETE)
"},{"location":"engineering/gestures/#signal-structures-and-global-variables","title":"Signal structures and global variables:","text":"
byte touchByteSize = 2; // bytes necessary to represent all the stripes (1-bit per stripe) = 2 for the sopranino\nbyte touchSizeAll = touchByteSize * 8 ; // total amount of T-Stick stripes (8 bits per byte)\nbyte touchSizeEdge = 4; // amount of T-Stick stripes for top and bottom portions of the T-Stick (arbitrary)\nfloat leakyConstant = 0.05;\nfloat shakeArray[5] = {0,0,0,0,0};\nbyte shakeArrayindex = 0;\nfloat jabArray[5] = {0,0,0,0,0};\nbyte jabArrayindex = 0;\nfloat shakeAccum = 0;\nfloat cartopolAmplitude = 0;\nfloat cartopolAngle = 0;\n\nstruct RawDataStruct { // initialized as RawData\n  byte touch[touchByteSize]; // /raw/capsense, i..., 0--255, ... (1 int per 8 capacitive stripes -- 8 bits)\n  float fsr; // /raw/fsr, i, 0--4095\n  float piezo; // /raw/piezo, i, 0--1023\n  float accl[3]; // /raw/accl, fff, +/-16, +/-16, +/-16 (g linear acceleration full scale), converted from sensor data with range +/-32767 (integers)\n  float gyro[3]; // /raw/gyro, fff, +/-2000, +/-2000, +/-2000 (dps angular rate full scale), converted from sensor data with range +/-34.90659 (floats)\n  float magn[3]; // /raw/magn, iii, fff, +/-16, +/-16, +/-16 (gauss magnetic full scale), converted from sensor data with range +/-32767 (integers)\n  float raw[9]; // /raw (IMU data to be send to callibration app)\n  float quat[4]; // /raw/quat, ffff, ?, ? ,? ,?\n  float ypr[3]; // /raw/ypr, fff, ?, ? ,?\n};\n
struct NormDataStruct { // initialized as NormData\n  float fsr; // /norm/fsr, f, 0--1\n  float piezo; // /norm/piezo, f, 0--1\n  float accl[3]; // /norm/accl, fff, +/-1, +/-1, +/-1\n  float gyro[3]; // /norm/gyro, fff, +/-1, +/-1, +/-1\n  float magn[3]; // /norm/magn, fff, +/-1, +/-1, +/-1\n};\n
struct LastStateDataStruct { // initialized as LastStateData\n  byte touch[touchByteSize]; // last state of /raw/capsense\n  byte brushUp;\n  byte brushDown;\n  float shake;\n  float shakeAccum;\n};\n
struct InstrumentDataStruct { // initialized as InstrumentData\n  byte touchAll[touchByteSize]; // surface contact\n  byte touchTop;\n  byte touchBody[touchByteSize-1];\n  byte touchMiddle[touchByteSize-2];\n  byte touchBottom;\n  byte brushUp;\n  byte brushDown;\n  byte brushAmplitude;\n  byte energy;\n  float amplitude;\n  float roll;\n  float tilt;\n  float shake;\n  float jerk;\n};\n
"},{"location":"engineering/gestures/#functions","title":"functions","text":"
  • Implement bit read/write function (not needed for arduino, bitRead and bitWrite function is already included):
bool bitRead(byte target, byte index){\n    return ((target >> index) & 1U);\n}\n\nvoid bitWrite(byte destiny, byte index, byte origin){\n    if (bitRead(destiny, index) != bitRead(origin, index)) {\n        destiny.flip(index);\n    }\n}\n
  • Implement function to calculate mean for a given bit range
float bitMean (byte capsense_array[], byte first_bit, byte last_bit) { // calculates mean for a given bit range\n    float mean = 0;\n    For ( i = first_bit; i < last_bit; i++ ) {\n        byte array_index = i/8;\n        byte target_index = i - (8 * array_index);\n        If ( bitRead(capsense_array[array_index], target_index) ) { // read each bit ...\n        mean += 1/ (last_bit - first_bit); // ... and add if its high\n        }\n    }\n    return mean;\n}\n
  • Leaky integrator:
float leakyIntegrator (float reading, float old_value,float leak) {\n  return reading + (old_value * leak)\n}\n
  • Windowed Extrema (getting max and min values out of a window). Dont forget to populate shakeArray
float windowedExtremaMax (float array[]) {\n  float result = 0;\n  For ( i=0; i < sizeof(array)/sizeof(array[0]); i++ ) {\n    result = max(result, array[i]);\n  }\n  return result;\n}\n\nfloat windowedExtremaMin (float array[]) {\n  float result = 0;\n  For ( i=0; i < sizeof(array)/sizeof(array[0]); i++ ) {\n    result = min(result, array[i]);\n  }\n  return result;\n}\n
  • 1st order IIR filter for sensor data:
float lowPassFilter (data,olddata,k) {\n  return olddata + ((data - olddata)/k)\n}\n
"},{"location":"engineering/gestures/#instrument","title":"/instrument","text":""},{"location":"engineering/gestures/#instrumenttouch","title":"/instrument/touch/","text":""},{"location":"engineering/gestures/#instrumenttouchall-instrumentdatatouchall","title":"/instrument/touch/all (InstrumentData.touchAll)","text":"
  • InstrumentData.touchAll: get the \"amount of touch\" normalized between 0 and 1
InstrumentData.touchAll = bitMean(RawData.touch, 0, touchSizeAll);\n
"},{"location":"engineering/gestures/#instrumenttouchtop-instrumentdatatouchtop","title":"/instrument/touch/top (InstrumentData.touchTop)","text":"
  • InstrumentData.touchTop: similar to /instrument/touch/all, but applied only to the \"top\" region of the capsense
InstrumentData.touchTop = bitMean(RawData.touch, 0, touchSizeEdge);\n
"},{"location":"engineering/gestures/#instrumenttouchbody-instrumentdatatouchbody","title":"/instrument/touch/body (InstrumentData.touchBody)","text":"
  • InstrumentData.touchBody: similar to /instrument/touch/all, but applied only to the \"body\" region of the capsense
InstrumentData.touchBody = bitMean(RawData.touch, touchSizeEdge, touchSizeAll);\n
"},{"location":"engineering/gestures/#instrumenttouchmiddle-instrumentdatatouchmiddle","title":"/instrument/touch/middle (InstrumentData.touchMiddle)","text":"
  • InstrumentData.touchMiddle: similar to /instrument/touch/middle, but applied only to the \"middle\" region of the capsense
InstrumentData.touchMiddle = bitMean(RawData.touch, touchSizeEdge, (touchSizeAll - touchSizeEdge) );\n
"},{"location":"engineering/gestures/#instrumenttouchbottom-instrumentdatatouchbottom","title":"/instrument/touch/bottom (InstrumentData.touchBottom)","text":"
  • InstrumentData.touchBottom: similar to /instrument/touch/all, but applied only to the \"top\" region of the capsense
InstrumentData.touchBottom = bitMean(RawData.touch, (touchSizeAll - touchSizeEdge), touchSizeAll);\n
"},{"location":"engineering/gestures/#instrumentbrush","title":"/instrument/brush","text":""},{"location":"engineering/gestures/#instrumentbrushup-down","title":"/instrument/brush/up /down","text":"
operation_up = (LastStateData.brushUp & RawData.touch)\noperation_down = (LastStateData.brushDown & RawData.touch)\n\nFor ( i = 0; i < number_of_touch; i++ ) {\n    if ( bitRead(operation_up, i) ) { \n        InstrumentData.brushUp = (number_of_touch - i) / number_of_touch;\n        mean_up += 1/ number_of_touch;\n        }\n    if ( bitRead(operation_down, i) ) {\n        InstrumentData.brushDown = (number_of_touch - i) / number_of_touch;\n        mean_down += 1/ number_of_touch;\n        }\n}\n
"},{"location":"engineering/gestures/#instrumentbrushamplitude-brush","title":"/instrument/brush/amplitude (brush)","text":"
InstrumentData.brushAmplitude = InstrumentData.brushDown - InstrumentData.brushUp\n
"},{"location":"engineering/gestures/#instrumentbrushenergy-rub","title":"/instrument/brush/energy (rub)","text":"
if (InstrumentData.brushUp > InstrumentData.brushDown) {\n  InstrumentData.energy = InstrumentData.brushUp\n}\nelse {\n  InstrumentData.energy = InstrumentData.brushDown\n}\n
"},{"location":"engineering/gestures/#instrumentamplitude-roll-tilt","title":"/instrument/amplitude /roll /tilt","text":"

(range +/- 2 ?)

cartopolAmplitude = sqrt( pow((((RawData.accl[1] * 2) - 128) * -1),2) + pow((((RawData.accl[2] * 2) - 128) * -1)) )\ncartopolAngle = tan-1 ( (((RawData.accl[2] * 2) - 128) * -1) / (((RawData.accl[1] * 2) - 128) * -1) )\nInstrumentData.amplitude = sqrt( pow(cartopolAmplitude) + pow(((RawData.accl[0] * 2) - 128)) )\nInstrumentData.roll = cartopolAngle + 3.14159\nInstrumentData.tilt = tan-1 ( ((RawData.accl[0] * 2) - 128) / cartopolAmplitude)\n
"},{"location":"engineering/gestures/#instrumentshake-jerk","title":"/instrument/shake /jerk","text":"
// populating shakeArray each loop)\nshakeArray[shakeArrayindex] = InstrumentData.amplitude;\nif (shakeArrayindex < 5) {\n  shakeArrayindex += 1; \n}\nelse {\n  shakeArrayindex = 0;\n}\n\nshakeAccum = -(windowedExtremaMax(shakeArray[]) - windowedExtremaMin(shakeArray[]));\nshakeAccum = leakyIntegrator(shakeAccum,LastStateData.shakeAccum,leakyConstant);\nInstrumentData.shake = lowPassFilter(shakeAccum,LastStateData.shake,20);\n\nInstrumentData.jerk = shakeAccum - InstrumentData.shake;\n
"},{"location":"engineering/gestures/#instrumentjab-incomplete","title":"/instrument/jab (INCOMPLETE)","text":"
// populating jabArray each loop)\nshakeArray[jabArrayindex] = InstrumentData.jab;\nif (jabArrayindex < 5) {\n  jabArrayindex += 1; \n}\nelse {\n  jabArrayindex = 0;\n}\n\nInstrumentData.jab = windowedExtremaMax(jabArray[]) - windowedExtremaMin(jabArray[]);\n\n\n\nRawData.accl[0]\n\n\nAndrew\n\nthrust\nshake\nspin\nframe (populated inside?)\nrest vs effort\n\nTravis\n\nJab\neggbeater\neggwhip\ntilt\nhold\nsqueez\n\n#### Update Last State Values\nLastStateData.brushUp = (RawData.touch << 1) & (~ RawData.touch) LastStateData.brushDown = (RawData.touch >> 1) & (~ RawData.touch)\n
"},{"location":"engineering/requirements/","title":"Technical Requirements and Constraints","text":"

This page outline the technical requirements of the T-Stick as well as constraints inherited from previous designs. The goal is that with these technical requirements and constraints someone will be able to build a T-Stick that is functionally similar to the designs that have previously been built.

"},{"location":"engineering/requirements/#verification-method-table","title":"Verification Method table","text":"Verification Method (IADT) Inspection Visual inspection of the device Analysis Simulation, mathematical models and data analysis Demonstration Demonstrate the functionality for the user Test More rigorous form of demonstration to show performance"},{"location":"engineering/requirements/#technical-requirements","title":"Technical Requirements","text":"

The technical requirements are split into 5 sections representing each of the major subsystems of the T-Stick and a section for manufacturing and reliability requirements.

"},{"location":"engineering/requirements/#1-control-and-communication-system","title":"1. Control and Communication System","text":"

Control and Communication System of the T-Stick is the set of hardware and software components that handle the controlling and regulating the instrument which includes: configuring the instrument, communicating with the instrument, communication between subsystems, and managing the main control loop.

ID Requirements Verification Method (IADT) 1 Control System 1.1 The control rate of the system should be at least 1000HZ and will be no slower than 200Hz. Test 1.2 Continuous signals will have a wireless signal rate of at least 100Hz. Test/Analysis 1.3 Wireless Signal Latency will be below 10ms. Test/Analysis 1.4 Wireless Signal Jitter will be below 2ms. Test/Analysis 1.5 The communication system will send any errors experienced by other subsystems to the user. Demonstration 1.5.1 The communication system will send errors experienced by the sensor system to the user. Demonstration 1.5.2 The communication system will send errors experienced by the power system to the user, excluding errors that cause a complete power delivery failure. Demonstration 1.5.3 The communication system will send errors experienced by the control and communication system to the user. Demonstration"},{"location":"engineering/requirements/#11-the-control-rate-of-the-system-should-be-at-least-1000hz-and-will-be-no-slower-than-200hz","title":"1.1: The control rate of the system should be at least 1000HZ and will be no slower than 200Hz.","text":"

1000Hz allows responsive control of the T-Stick.

"},{"location":"engineering/requirements/#12-continuous-signals-will-have-a-wireless-signal-rate-of-at-least-100hz","title":"1.2: Continuous signals will have a wireless signal rate of at least 100Hz.","text":"

Wireless signal rates below 100Hz are not desired. Slow wireless rates have lead to poor and inconsistent performance when paired with libmapper.

"},{"location":"engineering/requirements/#13-wireless-signal-latency-will-be-below-10ms","title":"1.3: Wireless Signal Latency will be below 10ms.","text":"

Wireless latency for signals need to be below 10ms for continuous signals to have a signal rate of 100Hz.

"},{"location":"engineering/requirements/#14-wireless-signal-jitter-will-be-below-2ms","title":"1.4: Wireless Signal Jitter will be below 2ms.","text":"

Jitter should be reasonably low for a reliable and robust wireless performance.

"},{"location":"engineering/requirements/#15-the-communication-system-will-send-any-errors-experienced-by-other-subsystems-to-the-user","title":"1.5: The communication system will send any errors experienced by other subsystems to the user","text":"

The communication system should handle sending any errors to the user wirelessly or wired. This helps the user understand what is going on with their T-Stick when things go wrong.

"},{"location":"engineering/requirements/#2-power-system-requirements","title":"2. Power System Requirements","text":"

The Power System of the T-Stick handles delivering power to all components of the T-Stick and measuring the remaining power when the T-Stick is on battery power. Hardware components such as regulators, and fuel gauges, as well as software components such as battery life estimation algorithms.

ID Requirements Verification Method (IADT) 2 Power System 2.1 The device will be able to be powered both wirelessly and wired. Demonstration 2.2 The power system will be able to provide continuous power to the T-Stick for at least 2 hours on a single charge. Test 2.3 The power system will be able to measure the battery voltage with an average error of less than 1%. Test 2.4 The power system will be able to measure the state of charge of the battery with an average error of less than 10%. Analysis 2.5 The power system will be able to estimate the battery life with an average error of less than 10%. Test"},{"location":"engineering/requirements/#21-the-device-will-be-able-to-be-powered-both-wirelessly-and-wired","title":"2.1: The device will be able to be powered both wirelessly and wired.","text":"

The current generation of T-Sticks are both battery and USB powered, we are keeping this feature.

"},{"location":"engineering/requirements/#22-the-power-system-will-be-able-to-provide-continuous-power-to-the-t-stick-for-at-least-2-hours-on-a-single-charge","title":"2.2: The power system will be able to provide continuous power to the T-Stick for at least 2 hours on a single charge.","text":"

Two hours is considered a reasonable amount of time to play and perform with the T-Stick before needing a charge. The number can be increased based on conversations with artist to determine what battery life we should be aiming for.

"},{"location":"engineering/requirements/#23-the-power-system-will-be-able-to-measure-the-battery-voltage-with-an-average-error-of-less-than-1","title":"2.3: The power system will be able to measure the battery voltage with an average error of less than 1%.","text":"

Accurate battery voltage measurements allow the T-Stick to better estimate when the battery health is starting to decline. This is useful as it can give artist advanced warning of when their batteries need to be replaced.

"},{"location":"engineering/requirements/#24-the-power-system-will-be-able-to-estimate-the-battery-capacity-of-the-battery-with-an-average-error-of-less-than-10","title":"2.4: The power system will be able to estimate the battery capacity of the battery with an average error of less than 10%.","text":"

Accurate battery capacity measurements allow the T-Stick to better estimate when the battery health is starting to decline. This is useful as it can give artist advanced warning of when their batteries need to be replaced.

"},{"location":"engineering/requirements/#25-the-power-system-will-be-able-to-estimate-the-battery-life-with-an-average-error-of-less-than-10","title":"2.5: The power system will be able to estimate the battery life with an average error of less than 10%.","text":"

Accurate battery life estimation is useful to artist as it gives feedback on when they should charge their T-Sticks

"},{"location":"engineering/requirements/#3-sensor-system-requirements","title":"3. Sensor System Requirements","text":"

The Sensor System of the T-Stick manages the initialization, communication, and analysis of sensors in the T-Stick. This includes all the sensors excluding sensors related to power management and the software components that communicate with the sensors and process their data.

ID Requirements Verification Method (IADT) 3 Sensor System 3.1 The sensor system should have a polling rate of at least 1000Hz for continuous signals. Test 3.2 The sensor system will have an average error of less than 1%. Analysis/Test 3.3 The sensor system will be able to detect when sensors are not communicating. Demonstration 3.4 The sensor system will be able to identify sensors that are not communicating. Demonstration 3.5 The sensor system will continue operating regardless of the states of the sensors Test 3.6 The sensor system will have a calibration mode which enables artist to manually calibrate the sensors. Demonstration/Test 3.7 The sensor system will be able to measure or approximate the following properties listed in Section 3 of the T-Stick Design Guidelines. Demonstration"},{"location":"engineering/requirements/#31-the-sensor-system-will-have-a-polling-rate-of-at-least-1000hz","title":"3.1: The sensor system will have a polling rate of at least 1000Hz.","text":"

The sensor system needs have a high polling rate of the sensors to allow for fast controls on the T-Stick. See the control and communication system requirement.

"},{"location":"engineering/requirements/#32-the-sensor-system-will-have-an-average-error-of-less-than-1","title":"3.2: The sensor system will have an average error of less than 1%.","text":"

Highly accurate sensor measurements increase confidence for the artist that the T-Stick will do what they tell it to do.

"},{"location":"engineering/requirements/#33-the-sensor-system-will-be-able-to-detect-when-sensors-are-not-communicating","title":"3.3: The sensor system will be able to detect when sensors are not communicating.","text":"

Detecting sensor system errors is useful for troubleshooting problems with the T-Stick

"},{"location":"engineering/requirements/#34-the-sensor-system-will-be-able-to-identify-sensors-that-are-not-communicating","title":"3.4: The sensor system will be able to identify sensors that are not communicating.","text":"

Identifying which sensors are not communicating is useful as it allows the TY-Stick to disable them, and skip trying to poll them.

"},{"location":"engineering/requirements/#35-the-sensor-system-will-continue-operating-regardless-of-the-states-of-the-sensors","title":"3.5: The sensor system will continue operating regardless of the states of the sensors","text":"

The entire T-Stick should keep working even if some sensors are not communicating. Furthermore, it makes it more obvious for artist as to which sensor is not working.

"},{"location":"engineering/requirements/#36-the-sensor-system-will-have-a-calibration-mode-which-enables-artist-to-manually-calibrate-the-sensors","title":"3.6 The sensor system will have a calibration mode which enables artist to manually calibrate the sensors.","text":"

Calibration is important, as it improves sensor accuracy and precision, artist should have the option to use a calibration mode to improve the performance of the T-Stick.

"},{"location":"engineering/requirements/#4-reliability-and-maintainability","title":"4. Reliability and Maintainability","text":"

As the name suggests this section contains all requirements relating to reliability and availability. This includes a PIR and PMR target for the T-Stick. The robustness requirements are to ensure the T-Stick can handle elevated levels of shaking and jabbing for short periods of time without permanent failures.

ID Requirements Verification Method (IADT) 4 Reliability and Availability 4.1 The T-Stick will have a Practice/Performance Interruption Rate (PIR) of 1%. Analysis 4.2 The T-Stick will have a Playing/Maintenance Ratio (PMR) of at least 1. Analysis 4.3 The T-Stick will be robust to jabs. Test 4.4 The T-Stick will be robust to shakes. Test"},{"location":"engineering/requirements/#41-the-t-stick-will-have-a-practice-interruption-rate-pir-of-1","title":"4.1: The T-Stick will have a Practice Interruption Rate (PIR) of 1%","text":"

Low PIR means that artist can be more confident with using the instrument without having to constantly require maintenance from a technician/luthier.

"},{"location":"engineering/requirements/#42-the-t-stick-will-have-a-performancemaintenance-ratio-pmr-of-at-least-1","title":"4.2: The T-Stick will have a Performance/Maintenance Ratio (PMR) of at least 1.","text":"

A high PMR ratio means that we get a large amount of performance hours per hour of maintenance.

"},{"location":"engineering/requirements/#43-the-t-stick-will-be-robust-to-jabs","title":"4.3: The T-Stick will be robust to jabs.","text":"

Jabs are an important gesture for the T-Stick. Performers should be able to do them freely without worrying about failures.

"},{"location":"engineering/requirements/#44-the-t-stick-will-be-robust-to-shakes","title":"4.4: The T-Stick will be robust to shakes.","text":"

Shakes are an important gesture for the T-Stick. Performers should be able to do them freely without worrying about failures.

"},{"location":"engineering/requirements/#5-manufacturing-requirements","title":"5. Manufacturing Requirements","text":"

The manufacturability Requirements are all the requirements related to the manufacturing of T-Sticks including constraints on the Bill of Materials (BOM), required documentation, and time to assemble the T-Stick.

ID Requirements Verification Method (IADT) 5 Manufacturability 5.1 The T-Stick will follow the design guidelines and requirements outlined in sections 1 and 2 of the T-Stick Design Guidelines. Demonstration 5.2 The physical design documentation will include a bill of materials. Demonstration 5.2.1 The bill of materials will have fewer than 64 individual parts, including fly wires, screws, nuts, and heat shrink. Demonstration 5.2.2 The bill of materials will have fewer than 40 distinct types of parts. Demonstration 5.3 The physical design documentation will include a schematic. Demonstration 5.4 The physical design documentation will include assembly instructions. Demonstration 5.5 The mean time to assemble one T-Stick, not counting the time to gather parts and materials, will be less than 5 hours. Test 5.6 The final assembly and repair of the T-Stick will be possible using only a soldering iron, wire stripper/cutter, heat gun, saw, and hex key. Demonstration 5.7 The T-Stick will use common readily available parts and materials. Demonstration"},{"location":"engineering/requirements/#51-the-t-stick-will-follow-the-design-guidelines-and-requirements-outlined-in-sections-1-and-2-of-the-t-stick-design-guidelines","title":"5.1: The T-Stick will follow the design guidelines and requirements outlined in Sections 1 and 2 of the T-Stick Design Guidelines.","text":"

Sections 1 and 2 of the T-Stick design guidelines outline the physical constraints that make up the T-Stick. If new designers which to make T-Sticks these should be followed to maximise playability of older pieces. Note that due to the rapid changes in the hardware space and firmware changes to the T-Stick it may not be possible to design a T-Stick that is identical to a previous design.

"},{"location":"engineering/requirements/#52-the-physical-design-documentation-will-include-a-bill-of-materials","title":"5.2: The physical design documentation will include a bill of materials.","text":"

As an open source project that we want others to replicate, a bill of materials is important. We include this as a requirement to ensure it is done as part of the design cycle and not as an afterthought.

"},{"location":"engineering/requirements/#53-the-physical-design-documentation-will-include-a-schematic","title":"5.3: The physical design documentation will include a schematic.","text":"

A schematic is useful for builders as it shows them how all the electronics are connected.

"},{"location":"engineering/requirements/#54-the-physical-design-documentation-will-include-assembly-instructions","title":"5.4: The physical design documentation will include assembly instructions.","text":"

As an open source project that we want others to replicate, a bill of materials is important. We include this as a requirement to ensure it is done as part of the design cycle and not as an afterthought.

"},{"location":"engineering/requirements/#55-the-mean-time-to-assemble-one-t-stick-not-counting-the-time-to-gather-parts-and-materials-will-be-less-than-5-hours","title":"5.5: The mean time to assemble one T-Stick, not counting the time to gather parts and materials, will be less than 5 hours.","text":"

The T-Stick should not take more than a day to build for new builders.

"},{"location":"engineering/requirements/#56-the-final-assembly-and-repair-of-the-t-stick-will-be-possible-using-only-a-soldering-iron-wire-strippercutter-heat-gun-saw-and-hex-key","title":"5.6: The final assembly and repair of the T-Stick will be possible using only a soldering iron, wire stripper/cutter, heat gun, saw, and hex key.","text":"

The T-Stick should be able to be built using common tools to help facilitate low-cost manufacturing.

"},{"location":"engineering/requirements/#57-the-t-stick-will-use-common-readily-available-parts-and-materials","title":"5.7: The T-Stick will use common readily available parts and materials.","text":"

The T-Stick should be able to be built using common components to help facilitate low-cost manufacturing.

"},{"location":"getting-started/","title":"Getting Started with your T-Stick","text":""},{"location":"getting-started/#t-stick-variants","title":"T-Stick Variants","text":"Generation Model Variations Platform 1G Alto, Tenor None Atmega8 2G Sopranino, Soprano, Tenor 2G, 2GX, 2GG, 2G-IMU, 2GW Arduino, ESP8266 3G Soprano None Arduino 4G Sopranino, Soprano 4GW-2018, 4GW-2021 ESP32 5G Sopranino, Soprano 5GW-Trill, 5GW-Enchanti ESP32-S3"},{"location":"getting-started/#building-flashing-and-connecting-to-your-t-stick","title":"Building, Flashing and Connecting to your T-Stick","text":"

Guides for building, flashing and connectiong to various T-Sticks.

"},{"location":"getting-started/#4th-generation-t-sticks","title":"4th Generation T-Sticks","text":"

The 4th Generation of T-Sticks is the first generation of Wi-Fi based T-Sticks. The serial protocol and signal namespace used in the 1st and 2nd generation T-Sticks is not carried over to the 4th generation of T-Sticks. These T-Sticks used the ESP32 SoC from Espressif, a successor to the ESP8266. There are two variants of 4G T-Sticks. The T-Stick 4GW-2018 and the T-Stick 4GW-2021.

Click here for more details on 4th generation T-Sticks

"},{"location":"getting-started/#5th-generation-t-sticks","title":"5th Generation T-Sticks","text":"

The 5th Generation T-Sticks consists of a custom ESP32 board which integrates a ESP32-S3 WROOM 2 Module with a ICM20948 IMU and MAX17262 on a single board, and a touch board that has a pinout for the Trill Craft board as well as, two JST-SH 4 pin connectors to daisy chain multiple touch boards together.

Click here for more details on 5th generation T-Sticks

"},{"location":"setup/","title":"Advanced Settings","text":"

There are multiple configuration options you can change for your T-Stick if the default options are not to your liking.

  • WiFi Settings
  • Sensor Settings
"},{"location":"setup/advanced-settings/","title":"Sensor Settings","text":"

Note

This page only applies to the T-Stick 4GW/5GW and their variants.

To access the T-Stick Settings page, access the T-Stick Setup page using the instructions shown in the connection guide.

You can access the settings of your T-Stick by connecting to the

"},{"location":"setup/advanced-settings/#sensor-settings_1","title":"Sensor Settings","text":"
  • fsr_offset: Set the minimum value of the FSR when no pressure is being applied. (Default: 2000)
  • touch_noise: Set the minimum value before a touch input is registered. Only applies to T-Sticks that use the Trill board or the EnchantiTouch board. (Default: 50)
  • jab_threshold: Set the sensitivity of the jab gesture. Larger values lower the sensitivity of the jab signal. (Default 5)
  • battery_size-mah: Set the battery size in mAh. Only applies to T-Stick 5GW using the MAX17055/MAX17262 fuel gauge. (Default 2000)
"},{"location":"setup/wireless-settings/","title":"Changing your WiFi Settings","text":"

Note

This page only applies to the T-Stick 4GW/5GW and their variants.

To access the T-Stick Settings page, access the T-Stick Setup page using the instructions shown in the connection guide.

"},{"location":"setup/wireless-settings/#disabling-osc","title":"Disabling OSC","text":"

To disable OSC set the Primary IP field and the Secondary IP field 0.0.0.0.

OSC Send Settings"},{"location":"setup/wireless-settings/#enablingdisabling-libmapper","title":"Enabling/Disabling Libmapper","text":"

Click the Settings option at the top of the page. To disable libmapper set the enable_libmapper setting to 0.

"}]} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/setup/Images/osc-settings.png b/setup/Images/osc-settings.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4b28488 Binary files /dev/null and b/setup/Images/osc-settings.png differ diff --git a/setup/advanced-settings/index.html b/setup/advanced-settings/index.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..cc8db1c --- /dev/null +++ b/setup/advanced-settings/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,1707 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Changing sensor settings - T-Stick Docs + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
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Sensor Settings

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Note

+

This page only applies to the T-Stick 4GW/5GW and their variants.

+
+

To access the T-Stick Settings page, access the T-Stick Setup page using the instructions shown in the connection guide.

+

You can access the settings of your T-Stick by connecting to the

+

Sensor Settings

+
    +
  • fsr_offset: Set the minimum value of the FSR when no pressure is being applied. (Default: 2000)
    • +
  • touch_noise: Set the minimum value before a touch input is registered. Only applies to T-Sticks that use the Trill board or the EnchantiTouch board. (Default: 50)
    • +
  • jab_threshold: Set the sensitivity of the jab gesture. Larger values lower the sensitivity of the jab signal. (Default 5)
    • +
  • battery_size-mah: Set the battery size in mAh. Only applies to T-Stick 5GW using the MAX17055/MAX17262 fuel gauge. (Default 2000)
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Advanced Settings

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There are multiple configuration options you can change for your T-Stick if the default options are not to your liking.

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
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+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/setup/wireless-settings/index.html b/setup/wireless-settings/index.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a040f01 --- /dev/null +++ b/setup/wireless-settings/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,1725 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Changing communication protocols - T-Stick Docs + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
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Changing your WiFi Settings

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+

Note

+

This page only applies to the T-Stick 4GW/5GW and their variants.

+
+

To access the T-Stick Settings page, access the T-Stick Setup page using the instructions shown in the connection guide.

+

Disabling OSC

+

To disable OSC set the Primary IP field and the Secondary IP field 0.0.0.0.

+
+ OSC Settings: Set them to 0.0.0.0 to disable OSC +
OSC Send Settings
+
+

Enabling/Disabling Libmapper

+

Click the Settings option at the top of the page. To disable libmapper set the enable_libmapper setting to 0.

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+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sitemap.xml b/sitemap.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b4837c5 --- /dev/null +++ b/sitemap.xml @@ -0,0 +1,133 @@ + + + + https://idmil.github.io/tstick-docs/ + 2024-05-18 + daily + + + https://idmil.github.io/tstick-docs/community/contribution/ + 2024-05-18 + daily + + + https://idmil.github.io/tstick-docs/community/performances/ + 2024-05-18 + daily + + + https://idmil.github.io/tstick-docs/community/publications/ + 2024-05-18 + daily + + + https://idmil.github.io/tstick-docs/designs/tstick-4gw/ + 2024-05-18 + daily + + + https://idmil.github.io/tstick-docs/designs/tstick-4gw/build-guide-2018/ + 2024-05-18 + daily + + + https://idmil.github.io/tstick-docs/designs/tstick-4gw/build-guide-2021/ + 2024-05-18 + daily + + + https://idmil.github.io/tstick-docs/designs/tstick-4gw/connection-guide/ + 2024-05-18 + daily + + + https://idmil.github.io/tstick-docs/designs/tstick-4gw/flashing-guide/ + 2024-05-18 + daily + + + https://idmil.github.io/tstick-docs/designs/tstick-4gw/specs_4gw_2018/ + 2024-05-18 + daily + + + https://idmil.github.io/tstick-docs/designs/tstick-4gw/specs_4gw_2021/ + 2024-05-18 + daily + + + https://idmil.github.io/tstick-docs/designs/tstick-5gw/ + 2024-05-18 + daily + + + https://idmil.github.io/tstick-docs/designs/tstick-5gw/build-guide-enchanti/ + 2024-05-18 + daily + + + https://idmil.github.io/tstick-docs/designs/tstick-5gw/build-guide-trill/ + 2024-05-18 + daily + + + https://idmil.github.io/tstick-docs/designs/tstick-5gw/connection-guide/ + 2024-05-18 + daily + + + https://idmil.github.io/tstick-docs/designs/tstick-5gw/flashing-guide/ + 2024-05-18 + daily + + + https://idmil.github.io/tstick-docs/designs/tstick-5gw/specs_5gw_enchanti/ + 2024-05-18 + daily + + + https://idmil.github.io/tstick-docs/designs/tstick-5gw/specs_5gw_trill/ + 2024-05-18 + daily + + + https://idmil.github.io/tstick-docs/engineering/design-guidelines/ + 2024-05-18 + daily + + + https://idmil.github.io/tstick-docs/engineering/functions/ + 2024-05-18 + daily + + + https://idmil.github.io/tstick-docs/engineering/gestures/ + 2024-05-18 + daily + + + https://idmil.github.io/tstick-docs/engineering/requirements/ + 2024-05-18 + daily + + + https://idmil.github.io/tstick-docs/getting-started/ + 2024-05-18 + daily + + + https://idmil.github.io/tstick-docs/setup/ + 2024-05-18 + daily + + + https://idmil.github.io/tstick-docs/setup/advanced-settings/ + 2024-05-18 + daily + + + https://idmil.github.io/tstick-docs/setup/wireless-settings/ + 2024-05-18 + daily + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sitemap.xml.gz b/sitemap.xml.gz new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9846fb2 Binary files /dev/null and b/sitemap.xml.gz differ