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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, maximum-scale=1">
<title>JavaScript at 20</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="build/build.css">
</head>
<body>
<article>
<section>
<h1>JavaScript at 20</h1>
<h2><a href="https://twitter.com/BrendanEich">Brendan Eich</a></h2>
</section>
<section data-bespoke-backdrop="backdrop backdrop--html5_supes" class="html5_supes undefined">
<h2>Standardization</h2>
<h3>"Things that are impossible just take longer." <small>- Hixie</small></h3>
</section>
<section>
<h2>What was it like to hack JS in 10 days?</h2>
</section>
<section><img src="images/tumble.jpg" height="413" width="456">
<h3>Me in 1993, before I created JavaScript in 10 days</h3>
</section>
<section><img src="images/bruce_campbell_army_of_darkness.jpg" height="430" width="375">
<h3>1995, after I was done creating JS in 10 days</h3>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Java was the big Web VM</h2>
<h3>JavaScript was "little brother"</h3>
</section>
<section><img src="images/Java-Duke.jpg"></section>
<section>
<img style="position: relative; top: 0px; border: solid 1px lightgray;" class="transparent" src=images/applet-loading.png />
<img style="position: relative; top: -32px; left: -170px;" class="transparent" src=images/sbbod.gif />
</section>
<section>
<h3>Think back to 1995... what was on TV then?</h3>
</section>
<section><img src="images/1994-tv-shows.jpg" height="407" width="610"></section>
<section>
<h3>I had my big break that year...</h3>
</section>
<section><img src="images/friends_chandler_006.jpg" height="512" width="411"></section>
<section>
<h3>I'd go to a real library to read Computer Science papers.</h3>
</section>
<section><img src="images/Margaret-Jacks-hall.jpg" height="512" width="439"></section>
<section>
<h3>John Doerr claims that even an idiot could have been a successful VC in the 1980s:</h3>
<h2>"All you had to do was hang around Margaret Jacks Hall."</h2>
</section>
<section>
<h3>Java's bytecode design influenced my work on JS.</h3>
</section>
<section><img src="images/Gosling-IR-paper.png" height="512" width="433"></section>
<section>
<h3>Java is <b>typed</b> (or statically typed) and has mostly-typed bytecode</h3>
<h3>JS is <b>untyped</b> (or dynamically typed)</h3>
</section>
<section><img src="images/Gosling-code-sample.png" height="400" width="742"></section>
<section>
<h3 class="bullet">So in <b>10 days</b> in May 1995, I wrote</h3>
<ul>
<li>A lexical scanner and parser for early JS</li>
<li>The parser emitted stack-machine bytecode</li>
<li>Which ran in a bytecode interpreter</li>
<li><code>Function.prototype.toString</code> bytecode decompiler</li>
<li>The standard library was poor</li>
<li><code>Array</code> was <code>Object</code> with <code>.length</code> property</li>
<li><code>Date</code> hand-ported <small>(h/t [email protected])</small> from <code>java.util.Date</code> </li>
</ul>
</section>
<section>
<h3><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/19970414102538/http://whitetailbutte.com/">http://whitetailbutte.com/</a> case study</h3>
<h3>Early DOM mattered as much as JS</h3>
</section>
<section>
<h2 class="bullet">Much progress since then</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="http://asmjs.org/">asm.js</a> was discovered</li>
<li>ES6 is <a href="http://kangax.github.io/compat-table/es6/">all but done</a></li>
<li>typed arrays from WebGL are in ES6</li>
<li>typed objects coming in ES7</li>
<li><a href="http://www.typescriptlang.org/">TypeScript</a>, and now <a href="http://flowtype.org/">Flow</a></li>
</ul>
</section>
<section>
<pre><code class="language-javascript">class vector {
constructor(n) { this.arr = new Int32Array(n); }
sum() {
let la = this.arr;
let S = 0;
for (let i = la.length|0; (i=(i-1)|0) >= 0;)
S = (S + la[i|0])|0;
return S;
}
}
</code></pre>
</section>
<section><img src="images/java-vs-js-bytecode.png" height="384" width="512"></section>
<section>
<h3>JS is <b>untyped</b> (dynamically typed), <i>however:</i></h3>
<h3>asm.js is <b>typed</b> "bytecode" with deterministic performance</h3>
</section>
<section>
<h3>JS, a <b>dynamically typed</b> language, is often written with <b>latent static types</b></h3>
<h3><i>Especially when "written" by compilers</i></h3>
</section>
<section>
<h2 class="bullet">Compiling to JS is not new</h2>
<ul>
<li>Remember <a href="http://www.gwtproject.org/">GWT</a>, and <a href="http://www.openlaszlo.org/">OpenLaszlo</a> before it?</li>
<li><a href="http://coffeescript.org/">CoffeeScript</a>, now hundreds of compile-to-JS languages</li>
<li>(including <a href="http://dartlang.org/">Dart</a>)</li>
<li>See the <a href="https://shaunlebron.github.io/solar-system-of-js/">Solar System of JS</a></li>
<li>For C++ to JS, <a href="http://kripken.github.io/mloc_emscripten_talk/">Emscripten</a> by <a href="https://twitter.com/kripken">Alon Zakai</a></li>
</ul>
</section>
<section>
<h2>JS VMs compile to the metal</h2>
<h3>(just like Java but without declaring all types)</h3>
</section>
<section>
<h3>And the Java VM supports dynamic languages too:</h3>
</section>
<section><img src="images/java-7-as-dynlang-vm.jpg" height="480" width="640">
<p>from <a href="http://www.slideshare.net/nakov/java-7-new-features-by-mihail-stoynov-and-svetlin-nakov">Mikhail Stoynov and Svetlin Nakov</a></p>
</section>
<section>
<h2>The circle is now complete</h2><img src="images/obi-wan-and-vader.jpg" height="281" width="500">
</section>
<section><img src="images/young-jackie-chan.jpg" height="453" width="391">
<h3>Young Jackie Chan</h3>
</section>
<section><img src="images/mature-jackie-chan.jpg" height="375" width="300">
<h3>Mature action hero</h3>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Ecma TC39 on GitHub</h2>
</section>
<section>
<h3><a href="https://github.com/tc39/ecma262">https://github.com/tc39/ecma262</a></h3><img src="images/tc39-on-github.png" height="458" width="640">
</section>
<section>
<h2>A selective tour of ES6</h2>
</section>
<section>
<h3><code>String.prototype.includes(txt, start)</code></h3>
<pre><code class="language-javascript">let title = "JS Futures at ModernWeb.tw!";
title.includes("JS") // true
title.includes("!") // true
title.includes("XYZ") // false
title.includes("JS", 3) // false
<a href="https://github.com/tc39/Array.prototype.includes">https://github.com/tc39/Array.prototype.includes</a>
</code></pre>
</section>
<section>
<h3><code>String.prototype.startsWith(txt, start)</code></h3>
<pre><code class="language-javascript">let title = "JS Futures at ModernWeb.tw!";
title.startsWith("JS") // true
title.startsWith("js") // false
title.startsWith("F") // false
title.startsWith("F", 3) // true
</code></pre>
</section>
<section>
<h3><code>String.prototype.endsWith(txt, end)</code></h3>
<pre><code class="language-javascript">let title = "JS Futures at ModernWeb.tw!";
title.endsWith("!") // true
title.endsWith(".tw!") // true
title.endsWith("!", 3) // false
title.endsWith("Fut", 6) // true
</code></pre>
</section>
<section>
<h3><code>String.prototype.repeat(count)</code></h3>
<pre><code class="language-javascript">console.log("x".repeat(3)) // "xxx"
console.log("hello".repeat(2)) // "hellohello"
console.log("abc".repeat(4)) // "abcabcabcabc"
</code></pre>
</section>
<section>
<h3><code>String.prototype.trim()</code></h3>
<pre><code class="language-javascript">console.log(" x ".trim()) // "x"
console.log(" \tx".trim()) // "x"
console.log("foo bar\n".trim()) // "foo bar"
</code></pre>
</section>
<section>
<h3><code>Template Strings</code></h3>
<ul>
<li>
<pre><code class="language-javascript">// Verbatim literal string, no backslash escapes
console.log(`In ES6, '\n' is a line feed`);</code></pre>
</li>
<li>
<pre><code class="language-javascript">// Template strings can be multiline
console.log(`In ES6, you can have multiline
strings`);
</code></pre>
</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section>
<h3><code>Template String Interpolation</code></h3>
<pre><code class="language-javascript">// Interpolate expressions into a template string
var name = "Bob",
time = "today";
console.log(`Hello ${name}, how are you ${time}?`);
</code></pre>
</section>
<section>
<h3><code>Tagged Template Strings</code></h3>
<pre><code class="language-javascript">function dedent(strings, ...values) {
let result = '';
for (let i = 0; i < strings.length; i++) {
result += strings[i].replace(/\n\s+/g, '\n') + values[i];
}
return result;
}
console.log(dedent `Hello ${name},
How are you ${time}?`);
</code></pre>
</section>
<section>
<h3>Octal and Binary Literals</h3>
<pre><code class="language-javascript">var mode = 0o755; // Unix permission bits
var bits = 0b101; // better known as 5
</code></pre>
</section>
<section>
<h3><code>Number.isFinite</code>, <code>Number.isNaN</code></h3>
<pre><code class="language-javascript">console.log(isFinite("25")); // true
console.log(Number.isFinite("25")); // false
console.log(isNaN("LOL")); // true!?
console.log(Number.isNaN("LOL")); // false
</code></pre>
</section>
<section>
<h2>New Math functions</h2>
<h3>(h/t <a href="https://twitter.com/jaydson">Jaydson Gomes</a>)</h3>
</section>
<section><img src="images/ES6_Math_fun.jpg" height="450" width="720"></section>
<section>
<h3><code>Array.from(arraylike, mapfun)</code></h3>
<pre><code class="language-javascript">let list = document.querySelectorAll('.speaker h2');
console.log(Array.from(list, elem => elem.innerHTML));
</code></pre>
</section>
<section>
<h3>Destructuring (Array Pattern)</h3>
<pre><code class="language-javascript">var m = 3, d = 15, y = 2015;
var [m, d, y] = [3, 15, 2015];
[m, d, y] = getDateTriple();
</code></pre>
</section>
<section>
<h3>Destructuring (Object Pattern)</h3>
<pre><code class="language-javascript">var today = {m: 3, d: 15, y: 2015};
var {m: month, d: day} = today;
console.log(month, day); // 3 15
</code></pre>
</section>
<section>
<h3>Object Literal Shorthand</h3>
<pre><code class="language-javascript">function longhand(bar, baz) {
return {foo: true, bar: bar, baz: baz};
}
function shorthand(bar, baz) {
return {foo: true, bar, baz};
}
</code></pre>
</section>
<section>
<h3>Block Scope</h3>
<pre><code class="language-javascript">for (var i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
let j = i * i;
console.log(j); // Works
}
console.log(j); // Fails
// also const, class, function in block
</code></pre>
</section>
<section>
<h3 class="bullet">Arrow Function Syntax</h3>
<ul>
<li>Like CoffeeScript's "fat arrow"</li>
<li>Outer <code>this</code> binding</li>
<li>Not <code>new</code>-able</li>
<li>No <code>arguments</code> object</li>
<li>Always anonymous</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section>
<h3 class="bullet">Arrow Function: Expression Body</h3>
<pre><code class="language-javascript">// Single parameter shorthand
let square = x => x * x;
console.log(square(4)); // 16
// 0 or n > 1 parameters case
let empty = () => undefined;
let add = (a, b) => a + b;
</code></pre>
</section>
<section>
<h3 class="bullet">Arrow Function: Block Body</h3>
<pre><code class="language-javascript">let Ackermann = (m, n) => {
if (m == 0) return n + 1;
if (n == 0) return Ackermann(m - 1, 1);
return Ackermann(m - 1, Ackermann(m, n - 1));
}
console.log(Ackermann(2,2)); // 7
console.log(Ackermann(3,3)); // 61
console.log(Ackermann(3,4)); // 125
</code></pre>
</section>
<section>
<h3>Arrows: Great for Callbacks</h3>
<pre><code class="language-javascript">// The classic mistake...
Car.prototype.start = function () {
setTimeout(function () {
this.startDriving(); // Wrong this!
}, 1000);
};
// Much better than using ES5 .bind!
Car.prototype.start = function () {
setTimeout(() => this.startDriving(), 1000);
};
</code></pre>
</section>
<section>
<h3>Classes</h3>
<pre><code class="language-javascript">class Animal {
constructor(name) {
this.name = name;
}
breathe() {
console.log(`${this.name} is breathing`);
}
}
</code></pre>
</section>
<section>
<h3>Instead of The Prototypal Pattern</h3>
<pre><code class="language-javascript">function Animal(name) {
this.name = name;
}
Animal.prototype.breathe = function() {
console.log(`${this.name} is breathing`);
}
</code></pre>
</section>
<section>
<h3>Subclassing</h3>
<pre><code class="language-javascript">class Dog extends Animal {
constructor(name) {
super(name);
}
bark() {
console.log(`Woof! ${this.name} is barking`);
}
}
</code></pre>
</section>
<section>
<h3>Subclassing Further</h3>
<pre><code class="language-javascript">class Bulldog extends Dog {
constructor(name) {
super(name);
}
breathe() {
super.breathe();
console.log(`${this.name} just drooled, too!`);
}
}
</code></pre>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Modules</h2>
</section>
<section>
<h3>Simple Modules</h3>
<pre><code class="language-javascript">// baz.js
let baz = 'baz';
export baz;
// could combine: export let baz = 'baz';
// app.js
import {baz} from "baz.js";
</code></pre>
</section>
<section>
<h3>Default Exports</h3>
<pre><code class="language-javascript">// print.js
export default function print(what) {
return `print module called with ${what}`;
}
// app.js
import print from "print.js";
</code></pre>
</section>
<section>
<h3>Mixing and Matching</h3>
<pre><code class="language-javascript">// foo.js
import {baz} from "./baz.js";
console.log(`from module baz: ${baz}`);
let foo = 'foo';
export default foo;
export let bar = 'bar';
// app.js
import {bar} from "foo.js";
</code></pre>
</section>
<section>
<h2>More ES6 Additions...</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Functions/Default_parameters">default parameters</a></li>
<li><a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Functions/rest_parameters">rest parameters</a>, <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators/Spread_operator">spread operator</a></li>
<li><a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Statements/for...of"><code>for</code>-<code>of</code> loop</a></li>
<li><a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Iteration_protocols">iterators</a>, <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Generator">generators</a></li>
<li><a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Map"><code>Map</code></a>, <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Set"><code>Set</code></a></li>
<li><a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/WeakMap"><code>WeakMap</code></a>, <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/WeakSet"><code>WeakSet</code></a></li>
<li><a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Proxy"><code>Proxy</code></a>, <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Reflect"><code>Reflect</code></a></li>
<li><a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Promise"><code>Promise</code></a></li>
</ul>
</section>
<section>
<h2>ES6/2015, ES7/2016, ES8...</h2>
</section>
<section>
<h2>ES7 async functions</h2>
</section>
<section>
<pre><code class="language-javascript">function chainAnimationsPromise(elem, animations) {
let ret = null;
let p = currentPromise;
for (let anim of animations) {
p = p.then(function(val) {
ret = val;
return anim(elem);
});
}
return p.catch(e => { /* ignore and keep going */ })
.then(() => { return ret; });
}
</code></pre>
</section>
<section>
<pre><code class="language-javascript">function chainAnimationsGenerator(elem, animations) {
return spawn(function*() {
let ret = null;
try {
for (let anim of animations) {
ret = yield anim(elem);
}
} catch(e) { /* ignore and keep going */ }
return ret;
});
}
</code></pre>
</section>
<section>
<pre><code class="language-javascript">async function chainAnimationsAsync(elem, animations) {
let ret = null;
try {
for (let anim of animations) {
ret = await anim(elem);
}
} catch(e) { /* ignore and keep going */ }
return ret;
}
</code></pre>
</section>
<section>
<h2 class="bullet">More on board for ES7</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://github.com/johnmccutchan/ecmascript_simd/">SIMD</a></li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/nikomatsakis/typed-objects-explainer/">typed objects </a></li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/nikomatsakis/typed-objects-explainer/blob/master/valuetypes.md">value objects</a>, including</li>
<li><code>int64</code> and <code>uint64</code></li>
<li>user-defined operators and literals</li>
<li>async generators</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Demos</h2>
</section>
<section><img src="images/alwaysbetonjs.png" height="384" width="512"></section>
</article>
<script src="build/build.js"></script>
</body>
</html>