diff --git a/distage/distage-core-api/src/main/scala/izumi/distage/model/Producer.scala b/distage/distage-core-api/src/main/scala/izumi/distage/model/Producer.scala
index 246331f71e..3b4b52ed99 100644
--- a/distage/distage-core-api/src/main/scala/izumi/distage/model/Producer.scala
+++ b/distage/distage-core-api/src/main/scala/izumi/distage/model/Producer.scala
@@ -12,22 +12,22 @@ import izumi.reflect.TagK
   * @throws izumi.distage.model.exceptions.runtime.ProvisioningException produce* methods raise this exception in `F` effect type on failure
   */
 trait Producer {
-  private[distage] def produceDetailedFX[F[_]: TagK: QuasiIO](plan: Plan, filter: FinalizerFilter[F]): Lifecycle[F, Either[FailedProvision[F], Locator]]
+  private[distage] def produceDetailedFX[F[_]: TagK: QuasiIO](plan: Plan, filter: FinalizerFilter[F]): Lifecycle[F, Either[FailedProvision, Locator]]
   private[distage] final def produceFX[F[_]: TagK: QuasiIO](plan: Plan, filter: FinalizerFilter[F]): Lifecycle[F, Locator] = {
-    produceDetailedFX[F](plan, filter).evalMap(_.throwOnFailure())
+    produceDetailedFX[F](plan, filter).evalMap(_.failOnFailure())
   }
 
   /** Produce [[izumi.distage.model.Locator]] interpreting effect- and resource-bindings into the provided `F` */
   final def produceCustomF[F[_]: TagK: QuasiIO](plan: Plan): Lifecycle[F, Locator] = {
     produceFX[F](plan, FinalizerFilter.all[F])
   }
-  final def produceDetailedCustomF[F[_]: TagK: QuasiIO](plan: Plan): Lifecycle[F, Either[FailedProvision[F], Locator]] = {
+  final def produceDetailedCustomF[F[_]: TagK: QuasiIO](plan: Plan): Lifecycle[F, Either[FailedProvision, Locator]] = {
     produceDetailedFX[F](plan, FinalizerFilter.all[F])
   }
 
   /** Produce [[izumi.distage.model.Locator]], supporting only effect- and resource-bindings in `Identity` */
   final def produceCustomIdentity(plan: Plan): Lifecycle[Identity, Locator] =
     produceCustomF[Identity](plan)
-  final def produceDetailedIdentity(plan: Plan): Lifecycle[Identity, Either[FailedProvision[Identity], Locator]] =
+  final def produceDetailedIdentity(plan: Plan): Lifecycle[Identity, Either[FailedProvision, Locator]] =
     produceDetailedCustomF[Identity](plan)
 }
diff --git a/distage/distage-core-api/src/main/scala/izumi/distage/model/provisioning/PlanInterpreter.scala b/distage/distage-core-api/src/main/scala/izumi/distage/model/provisioning/PlanInterpreter.scala
index 0afbe9b2a2..d8a2e3b9e1 100644
--- a/distage/distage-core-api/src/main/scala/izumi/distage/model/provisioning/PlanInterpreter.scala
+++ b/distage/distage-core-api/src/main/scala/izumi/distage/model/provisioning/PlanInterpreter.scala
@@ -3,15 +3,15 @@ package izumi.distage.model.provisioning
 import izumi.distage.model.Locator
 import izumi.distage.model.definition.Lifecycle
 import izumi.distage.model.definition.errors.DIError
-import izumi.functional.quasi.QuasiIO
-import izumi.distage.model.exceptions.*
 import izumi.distage.model.definition.errors.ProvisionerIssue.*
 import izumi.distage.model.definition.errors.ProvisionerIssue.ProvisionerExceptionIssue.*
+import izumi.distage.model.exceptions.*
 import izumi.distage.model.exceptions.runtime.{MissingInstanceException, ProvisioningException}
 import izumi.distage.model.plan.Plan
 import izumi.distage.model.provisioning.PlanInterpreter.{FailedProvision, FinalizerFilter}
-import izumi.distage.model.provisioning.Provision.ProvisionImmutable
+import izumi.distage.model.provisioning.Provision.{ProvisionImmutable, ProvisionInstances}
 import izumi.distage.model.reflection.*
+import izumi.functional.quasi.QuasiIO
 import izumi.fundamentals.platform.IzumiProject
 import izumi.fundamentals.platform.build.MacroParameters
 import izumi.fundamentals.platform.exceptions.IzThrowable.*
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ trait PlanInterpreter {
     plan: Plan,
     parentLocator: Locator,
     filterFinalizers: FinalizerFilter[F],
-  ): Lifecycle[F, Either[FailedProvision[F], Locator]]
+  ): Lifecycle[F, Either[FailedProvision, Locator]]
 }
 
 object PlanInterpreter {
@@ -41,18 +41,19 @@ object PlanInterpreter {
     }
   }
 
-  case class FailedProvisionMeta(status: Map[DIKey, OpStatus])
+  final case class FailedProvisionMeta(status: Map[DIKey, OpStatus])
+
+  final case class FailedProvisionInternal[F[_]](provision: ProvisionImmutable[F], fail: FailedProvision)
 
-  final case class FailedProvision[F[_]](
-    failed: ProvisionImmutable[F],
+  final case class FailedProvision(
+    failed: ProvisionInstances,
     plan: Plan,
     parentContext: Locator,
     failure: ProvisioningFailure,
     meta: FailedProvisionMeta,
     fullStackTraces: Boolean,
   ) {
-    /** @throws ProvisioningException in `F` effect type */
-    def throwException[A]()(implicit F: QuasiIO[F]): F[A] = {
+    def toThrowable(): Throwable = {
       import FailedProvision.ProvisioningFailureOps
       val repr = failure.render(fullStackTraces)
       val ccFailed = failure.status.collect { case (key, _: OpStatus.Failure) => key }.toSet.size
@@ -69,21 +70,28 @@ object PlanInterpreter {
         case _: ProvisioningFailure.CantBuildIntegrationSubplan => Seq.empty
       }
 
-      F.fail {
-        new ProvisioningException(
-          s"""Interpreter stopped; out of $ccTotal operations: $ccFailed failed, $ccDone succeeded, $ccPending ignored
-             |$repr
-             |""".stripMargin,
-          null,
-        ).addAllSuppressed(allExceptions)
-      }
+      new ProvisioningException(
+        s"""Interpreter stopped; out of $ccTotal operations: $ccFailed failed, $ccDone succeeded, $ccPending ignored
+           |$repr
+           |""".stripMargin,
+        null,
+      ).addAllSuppressed(allExceptions)
     }
+
+    /** @throws ProvisioningException in `F` effect type */
+
   }
 
   object FailedProvision {
-    implicit final class FailedProvisionExt[F[_]](private val p: Either[FailedProvision[F], Locator]) extends AnyVal {
+    implicit final class FailedProvisionExt[F[_]](private val p: Either[FailedProvision, Locator]) extends AnyVal {
       /** @throws ProvisioningException in `F` effect type */
-      def throwOnFailure()(implicit F: QuasiIO[F]): F[Locator] = p.fold(_.throwException(), F.pure)
+      def failOnFailure()(implicit F: QuasiIO[F]): F[Locator] = p.fold(f => F.fail(f.toThrowable()), F.pure)
+      def throwOnFailure(): Locator = p match {
+        case Left(f) =>
+          throw f.toThrowable()
+        case Right(value) =>
+          value
+      }
     }
 
     implicit class ProvisioningFailureOps(private val failure: ProvisioningFailure) extends AnyVal {
diff --git a/distage/distage-core-api/src/main/scala/izumi/distage/model/provisioning/Provision.scala b/distage/distage-core-api/src/main/scala/izumi/distage/model/provisioning/Provision.scala
index a81fe31ea9..ea2c486851 100644
--- a/distage/distage-core-api/src/main/scala/izumi/distage/model/provisioning/Provision.scala
+++ b/distage/distage-core-api/src/main/scala/izumi/distage/model/provisioning/Provision.scala
@@ -35,12 +35,18 @@ trait Provision[+F[_]] {
 }
 
 object Provision {
+  final case class ProvisionInstances(
+    instances: Map[DIKey, Any],
+    imports: Map[DIKey, Any],
+  )
+
   final case class ProvisionImmutable[+F[_]](
     // LinkedHashMap for ordering
     instancesImpl: mutable.LinkedHashMap[DIKey, Any],
     imports: Map[DIKey, Any],
     finalizers: Seq[Finalizer[F]],
   ) extends Provision[F] {
+    def raw: ProvisionInstances = ProvisionInstances(instances, imports)
     override def instances: Map[DIKey, Any] = instancesImpl
     override lazy val enumerate: immutable.Seq[IdentifiedRef] = super.enumerate
     override lazy val index: immutable.Map[DIKey, Any] = super.index
diff --git a/distage/distage-core/src/main/scala/izumi/distage/InjectorDefaultImpl.scala b/distage/distage-core/src/main/scala/izumi/distage/InjectorDefaultImpl.scala
index 6c693ebbe5..3c56befc22 100644
--- a/distage/distage-core/src/main/scala/izumi/distage/InjectorDefaultImpl.scala
+++ b/distage/distage-core/src/main/scala/izumi/distage/InjectorDefaultImpl.scala
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ final class InjectorDefaultImpl[F[_]](
   override private[distage] def produceDetailedFX[G[_]: TagK: QuasiIO](
     plan: Plan,
     filter: FinalizerFilter[G],
-  ): Lifecycle[G, Either[FailedProvision[G], Locator]] = {
+  ): Lifecycle[G, Either[FailedProvision, Locator]] = {
     interpreter.run[G](plan, bootstrapLocator, filter)
   }
 
diff --git a/distage/distage-core/src/main/scala/izumi/distage/model/Injector.scala b/distage/distage-core/src/main/scala/izumi/distage/model/Injector.scala
index 9e52df7e53..7c80dcf5e7 100644
--- a/distage/distage-core/src/main/scala/izumi/distage/model/Injector.scala
+++ b/distage/distage-core/src/main/scala/izumi/distage/model/Injector.scala
@@ -230,7 +230,7 @@ trait Injector[F[_]] extends Planner with Producer {
       .liftF(G.maybeSuspendEither(plan(input).aggregateErrors))
       .flatMap(produceCustomF[G])
   }
-  final def produceDetailedCustomF[G[_]: TagK](input: PlannerInput)(implicit G: QuasiIO[G]): Lifecycle[G, Either[FailedProvision[G], Locator]] = {
+  final def produceDetailedCustomF[G[_]: TagK](input: PlannerInput)(implicit G: QuasiIO[G]): Lifecycle[G, Either[FailedProvision, Locator]] = {
     Lifecycle
       .liftF(G.maybeSuspendEither(plan(input).aggregateErrors))
       .flatMap(produceDetailedCustomF[G])
@@ -240,7 +240,7 @@ trait Injector[F[_]] extends Planner with Producer {
   final def produceCustomIdentity(input: PlannerInput): Lifecycle[Identity, Locator] = {
     produceCustomF[Identity](input)
   }
-  final def produceDetailedIdentity(input: PlannerInput): Lifecycle[Identity, Either[FailedProvision[Identity], Locator]] = {
+  final def produceDetailedIdentity(input: PlannerInput): Lifecycle[Identity, Either[FailedProvision, Locator]] = {
     produceDetailedCustomF[Identity](input)
   }
 
diff --git a/distage/distage-core/src/main/scala/izumi/distage/provisioning/PlanInterpreterNonSequentialRuntimeImpl.scala b/distage/distage-core/src/main/scala/izumi/distage/provisioning/PlanInterpreterNonSequentialRuntimeImpl.scala
index 1e8acad395..cae0a6cd36 100644
--- a/distage/distage-core/src/main/scala/izumi/distage/provisioning/PlanInterpreterNonSequentialRuntimeImpl.scala
+++ b/distage/distage-core/src/main/scala/izumi/distage/provisioning/PlanInterpreterNonSequentialRuntimeImpl.scala
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ import izumi.distage.model.exceptions.runtime.IntegrationCheckException
 import izumi.distage.model.plan.ExecutableOp.*
 import izumi.distage.model.plan.{ExecutableOp, Plan}
 import izumi.distage.model.provisioning.*
-import izumi.distage.model.provisioning.PlanInterpreter.{FailedProvision, FinalizerFilter}
+import izumi.distage.model.provisioning.PlanInterpreter.{FailedProvision, FailedProvisionInternal, FinalizerFilter}
 import izumi.distage.model.provisioning.strategies.*
 import izumi.distage.model.{Locator, Planner}
 import izumi.distage.provisioning.PlanInterpreterNonSequentialRuntimeImpl.{abstractCheckType, integrationCheckIdentityType, nullType}
@@ -39,32 +39,33 @@ class PlanInterpreterNonSequentialRuntimeImpl(
     parentLocator: Locator,
     filterFinalizers: FinalizerFilter[F],
   )(implicit F: QuasiIO[F]
-  ): Lifecycle[F, Either[FailedProvision[F], Locator]] = {
-    Lifecycle.make(
-      acquire = instantiateImpl(plan, parentLocator)
-    )(release = {
-      resource =>
-        val finalizers = resource match {
-          case Left(failedProvision) => failedProvision.failed.finalizers
-          case Right(locator) => locator.finalizers
-        }
-        filterFinalizers.filter(finalizers).foldLeft(F.unit) {
-          case (acc, f) => acc.guarantee(F.suspendF(f.effect()))
-        }
-    })
+  ): Lifecycle[F, Either[FailedProvision, Locator]] = {
+    Lifecycle
+      .make(
+        acquire = instantiateImpl(plan, parentLocator)
+      )(release = {
+        resource =>
+          val finalizers = resource match {
+            case Left(failedProvision) => failedProvision.provision.finalizers
+            case Right(locator) => locator.finalizers
+          }
+          filterFinalizers.filter(finalizers).foldLeft(F.unit) {
+            case (acc, f) => acc.guarantee(F.suspendF(f.effect()))
+          }
+      }).map(_.left.map(_.fail))
   }
 
   private[this] def instantiateImpl[F[_]: TagK](
     plan: Plan,
     parentContext: Locator,
   )(implicit F: QuasiIO[F]
-  ): F[Either[FailedProvision[F], LocatorDefaultImpl[F]]] = {
+  ): F[Either[FailedProvisionInternal[F], LocatorDefaultImpl[F]]] = {
     val integrationCheckFType = SafeType.get[IntegrationCheck[F]]
 
     val ctx: ProvisionMutable[F] = new ProvisionMutable[F](plan, parentContext)
 
     @nowarn("msg=Unused import")
-    def run(state: TraversalState, integrationPaths: Set[DIKey]): F[Either[TraversalState, Either[FailedProvision[F], LocatorDefaultImpl[F]]]] = {
+    def run(state: TraversalState, integrationPaths: Set[DIKey]): F[Either[TraversalState, Either[FailedProvisionInternal[F], LocatorDefaultImpl[F]]]] = {
       import scala.collection.compat.*
 
       state.current match {
@@ -122,7 +123,7 @@ class PlanInterpreterNonSequentialRuntimeImpl(
     initial: TraversalState,
     issues: Iterable[ProvisionerIssue],
   )(implicit F: QuasiIO[F]
-  ): F[Either[FailedProvision[F], A]] = {
+  ): F[Either[FailedProvisionInternal[F], A]] = {
     val failures = issues.map {
       issue =>
         TimedFinalResult.Failure(
@@ -139,7 +140,7 @@ class PlanInterpreterNonSequentialRuntimeImpl(
     state: TraversalState,
     ctx: ProvisionMutable[F],
   )(implicit F: QuasiIO[F]
-  ): F[Either[FailedProvision[F], Plan]] = {
+  ): F[Either[FailedProvisionInternal[F], Plan]] = {
     val allChecks = ctx.plan.stepsUnordered.iterator.collect {
       case op: InstantiationOp if op.instanceType <:< abstractCheckType => op
     }.toSet
diff --git a/distage/distage-core/src/main/scala/izumi/distage/provisioning/ProvisionMutable.scala b/distage/distage-core/src/main/scala/izumi/distage/provisioning/ProvisionMutable.scala
index 41cd665080..9534339b36 100644
--- a/distage/distage-core/src/main/scala/izumi/distage/provisioning/ProvisionMutable.scala
+++ b/distage/distage-core/src/main/scala/izumi/distage/provisioning/ProvisionMutable.scala
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ import izumi.distage.model.Locator
 import izumi.distage.model.Locator.LocatorMeta
 import izumi.distage.model.definition.errors.ProvisionerIssue
 import izumi.distage.model.plan.Plan
-import izumi.distage.model.provisioning.PlanInterpreter.{FailedProvision, FailedProvisionMeta, Finalizer}
+import izumi.distage.model.provisioning.PlanInterpreter.{FailedProvision, FailedProvisionInternal, FailedProvisionMeta, Finalizer}
 import izumi.distage.model.provisioning.Provision.ProvisionImmutable
 import izumi.distage.model.provisioning.{NewObjectOp, Provision, ProvisioningFailure}
 import izumi.distage.model.recursive.LocatorRef
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ final class ProvisionMutable[F[_]: TagK](
     Seq(NewObjectOp.NewImport(DIKey.get[LocatorRef], locatorRef))
   }
 
-  def makeFailure(state: TraversalState, fullStackTraces: Boolean): FailedProvision[F] = {
+  def makeFailure(state: TraversalState, fullStackTraces: Boolean): FailedProvisionInternal[F] = {
     val diag = if (state.failures.isEmpty) {
       ProvisioningFailure.BrokenGraph(state.preds, state.status())
     } else {
@@ -37,16 +37,20 @@ final class ProvisionMutable[F[_]: TagK](
     makeFailure(state, fullStackTraces, diag)
   }
 
-  def makeFailure(state: TraversalState, fullStackTraces: Boolean, diag: ProvisioningFailure): FailedProvision[F] = {
+  def makeFailure(state: TraversalState, fullStackTraces: Boolean, diag: ProvisioningFailure): FailedProvisionInternal[F] = {
     val meta = FailedProvisionMeta(state.status())
 
-    FailedProvision(
-      failed = toImmutable,
-      plan = plan,
-      parentContext = parentContext,
-      failure = diag,
-      meta = meta,
-      fullStackTraces = fullStackTraces,
+    val prov = toImmutable
+    FailedProvisionInternal(
+      prov,
+      FailedProvision(
+        failed = toImmutable.raw,
+        plan = plan,
+        parentContext = parentContext,
+        failure = diag,
+        meta = meta,
+        fullStackTraces = fullStackTraces,
+      ),
     )
   }
 
diff --git a/distage/distage-core/src/test/scala/izumi/distage/injector/ResourceEffectBindingsTest.scala b/distage/distage-core/src/test/scala/izumi/distage/injector/ResourceEffectBindingsTest.scala
index 30f1e36d48..557993114c 100644
--- a/distage/distage-core/src/test/scala/izumi/distage/injector/ResourceEffectBindingsTest.scala
+++ b/distage/distage-core/src/test/scala/izumi/distage/injector/ResourceEffectBindingsTest.scala
@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@ import izumi.distage.fixtures.ResourceCases.*
 import izumi.distage.injector.ResourceEffectBindingsTest.Fn
 import izumi.distage.model.definition.Lifecycle
 import izumi.functional.quasi.QuasiApplicative
-import izumi.distage.model.exceptions.runtime.ProvisioningException
 import izumi.distage.model.plan.Roots
 import izumi.functional.bio.data.{Free, FreeError, FreePanic}
 import izumi.fundamentals.platform.functional.Identity
@@ -395,9 +394,7 @@ class ResourceEffectBindingsTest extends AnyWordSpec with MkInjector with GivenW
             fail(s"Unexpected success! $value")
         }.unsafeRun()
 
-      val exc = intercept[ProvisioningException] {
-        failure.throwException().unsafeRun()
-      }
+      val exc = failure.toThrowable()
 
       assert(exc.getMessage.contains("Incompatible effect types"))
     }